"The following reagents will be necessary for the preparation ofnormal human urine (Kark, et al. 1964):

Albumin powder (egg or bovine)

Creatinine

Distilled water

Potassium chloride

Sodium chloride

Sodium phosphate (monobasic)

Urea

A class of 30 students, working in groups of two, would require aclass total of at least 1 liter of artificial urine for specificgravity and dipstick testing. The following instruction are for thepreparation of approximately 2 liters of normal urine; half can bestored or used for abnormal urine studies.

To 1.5 liters of distilled water add 36.4 g of urea and mix until allthe crystals are dissolved. Then add 15.0 g of sodium chloride, 9.0 gof potassium chloride and 9.6 g of sodium phosphate; mix until thesolution is clear. Check the pH with indicator paper or a pH meter toensure the pH is within the 5 to 7 pH range for normal urine; if thesolution is out of this pH range the pH may be lowered with 1Nhydrochloric acid or raised with 1N sodium hydroxide.

Next, place a urine hydrometer into the solution and dilute with wateruntil the solution is within the specific gravity range of 1.015 to1.025. This solution will serve as the storage stock solution of?normal urine solution? and may be kept refrigerated for several weeksor frozen in plastic containers for months. Before use, the stocksolution should be warmed to room temperature. Then, to ensure asimilarity to human urine, 4.0 g of creatinine and 100 mg of albuminmay be slowly mixed into the 2 liters of the so-called normal urinesolution. "