Kushan1. Sculpture developed1. The emperor himself was a divine authority1. Buddha was first time given a human form during this timeGupta period1. Beginning of Hindu temples temple at Deoghar, Udaigiri caves in Orissa1. Vaishnavite temple in VidishaPallavas1. Mandaps, Rathas and finely carved panels and pillars1. Shore temple at Mahabs is a structural temple1. Ratha temple is a rock cut temple1. Kanchipuram also has temples3. Panels depict shiva as Natraja3. History of PallavasCholas1. Tanjaur Temple: 65 m tall vimana1. Pillared halls and sculptures depicting Bharatas natyashastraFine paintings

Different schools of art comparedTable 1MughalPahariRajasthani/RajputMadhubani/MithilaManjusha/AngikaTanjore

OriginEarlier Persian blend. Became Indian under Akbar. Originated in the sub-Himalayan kingdoms of 19th century. Early 16th century. Various sub-schools existedDone traditionally by the women in the villages near the town of Madhubani. It originated as floor and wall paintings.

Essentially a folk tradition17th century under the patronage of Tanjores Maratha rulers

TypeMostly in miniature formMostly done in miniature form

ThemesDocument of life at the Mughal court, battles, hunt, arrival of embassies, festivities

Portrait paintings developed under JahangirLove of man for woman. Symbolised by Krishna and RadhaStrongly influenced by the contemporary literary and musical forms, and draw upon their motifs

Nature and Hindu religious motifsUsually portrayed deities. Vishnu,Shiva and Krishna

Exceptional PointWas originally practiced by Brahmins and Kayasthas. Later SC women also adopted it. But the themes of the two are different. While higher castes depicted mythological themes, SCs experimented with day-to-day scenes.

CharacteristicsRealism is the keynote of this style

Artists had made contacts with Western art. Influence can be seen.Bold and intense BasohliDelicate and lyrical; Tones subdued and lines exquisitely fine - KangraDecorate in their composition and colour scheme

Landscape lacks the naturalism of the Mughal school

Two dimensional imagery. Colors derived from plants.

No space is left empty. Gaps are filled by painting flowers, plants animals and even geometric shapes. Snakes are a prominent featureArtists adhered strictly to iconography as these paintings were made for ritual and worship and not for display as is mostly the case today.

TechniqueUsed wider canvasTraditionally done as murals on mud walls. Now is also done one cloth, paper and canvasMade on jackwood pasted with unbleached cloth to which a mixture of limestone, chalk powder, gum and honey are applied in layers on a sketch of the icon. Extra coats given to raise some parts of the painting. Jewellery etc are put.

Major ArtistsBasawan, Daswanth, Kesudasa, MansurJagdamba Devi, Mahasundari Devi

Major WorksAkbarnama illustrations; rare birds and animals Falcon (CS Museum, Bombay), Red Blossoms floral paintingJodhpur and Nagaur paintings.

Major schoolsBasohli, Guler, KangraMalwa, Mewar (Ragamala paintings), Marwar, Kishangarh, Jaipur, Bundi, KotahBharni style, Kachni style

PatronsAkbar, JahangirRaja Kripal Singh (Bahsoli)Sarabhiji 2, Shivaji 2, Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar

Rajasthani Art SchoolsMewar (Ragamala)1. themes from the life of Krishna and his frolic with the gopis; heroes and heroines of Hindi poetry.1. Scenes from Bhagvata and Ramayana1. Landscape lacks the naturalism of the Mughal schoolMarwar1. Genuine Rajput style evolved under this school1. Equestrian portraits of the royal house and the nobility. 1. Show bold types of expression with broad, fish eyes in human faces1. This school is essentially HinduJaipur1. Raslila was painted. It became an earthly erotic amusement

Manjusha Art1. Manjushas are temple shaped boxes containing eight pillars1. The boxes often contain the paintings of gods, goddesses and other characters1. The boxes are used in Bishahari Puja1. This is practiced in the Bhagalpur region of Bihar

Handicrafts1. Channapatna toys0. Wooden toys from Karnataka1. Nirmal Toys1. Wooden toys made in the town of Nirmal in Adilabad district1. Tanjore doll2. Bobblehead made of terracottaSandpainting

Kolam1. Drawn using rice powder by female members in front of their home1. Mainly in South IndiaRangoli1. North India. Using sand colors, flour or flowers

Other fine arts1. Mehandi1. Pichhwai2. Intricate paintings that portray Lord Krishna2. Exist in the town of nathdwara in Rajasthan1. Tarakashi3. A type of metalwork from Cuttack

Indian Art Awards1. Kalaimamani0. By Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Manram1. Kalidas Samman1. Presented by the MP govt1. Sangeet Natak Akademi Award1. Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship1. Shilp Guru4. By GOI to a master craftsperson. Started in 2002. 1. Tulsi Samman5. By MP govt. In fields of art, theatre, dance and music.1. Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award6. By Karnataka govt for excellence in painting1.