arts
DESCRIPTION
ArtsTRANSCRIPT
Different schools of art compared
Table 1
Mughal Pahari Rajasthani/Rajput
Madhubani/Mithila
Manjusha/Angika
Tanjore
Origin Earlier Persian blend. Became Indian under Akbar.
Originated in the sub-Himalayan kingdoms of 19th century.
Early 16th century. Various sub-schools existed
Done traditionally by the women in the villages near the town of Madhubani. It originated as floor and wall paintings.
Essentially a folk tradition
17th century under the patronage of Tanjore’s Maratha rulers
Type Mostly in miniature form
Mostly done in miniature form
Themes Document of life at the Mughal court, battles, hunt, arrival of embassies, festivities
Portrait paintings developed under Jahangir
Love of man for woman. Symbolised by Krishna and Radha
Strongly influenced by the contemporary literary and musical forms, and draw upon their motifs
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Nature and Hindu religious motifs
Usually portrayed deities. Vishnu,Shiva and Krishna
Exceptional Point
Was originally practiced by Brahmins and Kayasthas. Later SC women also adopted it. But the themes of the two are different. While
higher castes depicted mythological themes, SCs experimented with day-to-day scenes.
Characteristics
Realism is the keynote of this style
Artists had made contacts with Western art. Influence can be seen.
Bold and intense – BasohliDelicate and lyrical; Tones subdued and lines exquisitely fine - Kangra
Decorate in their composition and colour scheme
Landscape lacks the naturalism of the Mughal school
Two dimensional imagery. Colors derived from plants.
No space is left empty. Gaps are filled by painting flowers, plants animals and even geometric shapes.
Snakes are a prominent feature
Artists adhered strictly to iconography as these paintings were made for ritual and worship and not for display as is mostly the case today.
Technique Used wider canvas
Traditionally done as murals on mud walls. Now is also done one cloth, paper and canvas
Made on jackwood pasted with unbleached cloth to which a mixture of limestone, chalk powder, gum and honey are applied in layers on a sketch of the icon. Extra coats given to raise some parts of the
painting. Jewellery etc are put.
Major Artists
Basawan, Daswanth, Kesudasa, Mansur
Jagdamba Devi, Mahasundari Devi
Major Works
Akbarnama illustrations; rare birds and animals – Falcon (CS Museum, Bombay), Red Blossoms – floral painting
Jodhpur and Nagaur paintings.
Major schools
Basohli, Guler, Kangra
Malwa, Mewar (Ragamala paintings), Marwar, Kishangarh, Jaipur, Bundi, Kotah
Bharni style, Kachni style
Patrons Akbar, Jahangir
Raja Kripal Singh (Bahsoli)
Sarabhiji 2, Shivaji 2, Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar
Rajasthani Art SchoolsMewar (Ragamala)
themes from the life of Krishna and his frolic with the gopis; heroes and heroines of Hindi poetry.
Scenes from Bhagvata and Ramayana Landscape lacks the naturalism of the Mughal school
Marwar
Genuine Rajput style evolved under this school Equestrian portraits of the royal house and the nobility. Show bold types of expression with broad, fish eyes in human faces This school is essentially Hindu
Jaipur
Raslila was painted. It became ‘an earthly erotic amusement’
Manjusha Art Manjushas are temple shaped boxes containing eight pillars The boxes often contain the paintings of gods, goddesses and other characters The boxes are used in Bishahari Puja This is practiced in the Bhagalpur region of Bihar
Handicrafts Channapatna toys
o Wooden toys from Karnataka Nirmal Toys
o Wooden toys made in the town of Nirmal in Adilabad district Tanjore doll
o Bobblehead made of terracotta
Sandpainting
Kolam
Drawn using rice powder by female members in front of their home Mainly in South India
Rangoli
North India. Using sand colors, flour or flowers
Other fine arts Mehandi Pichhwai
o Intricate paintings that portray Lord Krishnao Exist in the town of nathdwara in Rajasthan
Tarakashio A type of metalwork from Cuttack
Indian Art Awards Kalaimamani
o By Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Manram Kalidas Samman
o Presented by the MP govt Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
Shilp Guruo By GOI to a master craftsperson. Started in 2002.
Tulsi Sammano By MP govt. In fields of art, theatre, dance and music.
Varnashilpi Venkatappa Awardo By Karnataka govt for excellence in painting