arul anandar college (autonomous), karumathur · semi-micro qualitative analysis analysis of a...
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ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY
CBCS STRUCTURE (from the academic year 2015-2016 onwards)
I SEMESTER
PART Sub. Code PAPER Hrs Cr
I 15UTAL11/
15UHNL11/
15UFNL11
Tamil /
Hindi /
French
6 4
II 15UENA11/
15UENB11
English for Effective Communication-I 6 4
III 15UCHC11 Core -1 General Chemistry - I 5 4
15UCHP12 Core Lab –I Inorganic Qualitative Analysis 3 ---
15UCHA11
15UCHB11
Allied -1 Biochemistry
Allied Chemistry – I
3
5
3
4
15UCHQ12
15UCHR12
Allied Biochemistry Lab
Allied Chemistry Lab - 1
2 --
IV 15USBE11 Skill Based Elective – 1 (Computer Literacy)
Programming in C
4 2
15UFCE11 FC-Personality Development 1
V 15UNSS/NCC/
PED/YRC/ROT/
ACF/NCB12
Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/
YRC/ROTARACT/AICUF/NATURE CLUB
- -
15UBRC11 Bridge Course 1
Total 30 18/19
II SEMESTER
I 15UTAL22/
15UHNL22/
15UFNL22
Tamil /
Hindi /
French
6 4
II 15UENA22
15UENB22
English for Effective Communication-II 6 4
III
15UCHC22 Core -2 General Chemistry -II 5 4
15UCHP12 Core Lab –I Inorganic Qualitative Analysis 3 3
15UCHA22
15UCHB22
Allied – 2 Biochemistry
Allied Chemistry – 2
3
5
3
4
15UCHR22 Allied Biochemistry Lab 2 2
IV 15USBE22 Skill Based Elective – 2 (Computer Literacy)
Programming in Visual Basic
4 2
15UFCE22 FC-Social Analysis and Human Rights 1 1
V 15UNSS/NCC/
PED/YRC/ROT/
ACF/NCB12
Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/
YRC/ROTARACT/AICUF/NATURE CLUB
--- 1
Total 30 24/23
(from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
III SEMESTER
I Tamil 6 4
II English 6 4
III Core -4 Organic Chemistry -I 5 5
Allied – 2 Physics 3 3
Allied Physics Lab 2 -
IV
Skill Based Elective – 1 Computer Literacy -1
Programming in C
4 2
Basic Tamil/Advanced Tamil/Non-Major Elective-1
Chemistry Around Us
3 2
FC-Environmental Studies 1 -
V Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/
YRC/ROTARACT/AICUF/NATURE CLUB
- -
Arise - -
30 20
IV SEMESTER
I Tamil 6 4
II English 6 4
III Core -5 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 5 5
Allied – 2 Physics 3 3
Allied Physics Lab 2 2
IV
Skill-Based Elective – 2 – Computer Literacy -2
Programming in Visual Basic
4 2
Basic Tamil/Advanced Tamil/Non-Major Elective-2
Chemistry and Life
3 2
FC- Bioethics, Religions and Peace Studies /
Catechism of the Catholic Church.
1 1
V Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/
YRC/ROTARACT/AICUF/NATURE CLUB
- 1
30 24
V SEMESTER
III
Core -6 Organic Chemistry -II 6 6
Core-7 Inorganic Chemistry 6 6
Core-8 Physical Chemistry-I 6 6
Core Lab –III Organic Analysis and Estimation 4 3
Core Lab-IV Gravimetry and Preparation 4 --
Elective 1– Polymer Chemistry 4 3
30 24
VI SEMESTER
III
Core -9 Organic Chemistry - III 6 6
Core -10 Industrial Chemistry 6 5
Core -11 Physical Chemistry -II 6 6
Core Lab –IV Gravimetry and Preparation 4 3
Core Lab-V Physical Chemistry 4 3
Elective – 2 Analytical Chemistry 4 3
30 26
Semester: I II III IV V VI TOTAL
Credits : 19/20 27/26 20 24 24 26 140
Self-Learning Courses
Third Semester: Forensic Chemistry
Fourth Semester: Food Chemistry
Fifth Semester: Fuel Chemistry
Sixth Semester: Geochemistry
Question Pattern for End-Semester Examination (Duration: 3 Hours)
(For Core papers only)
Sl.No Section Marks
1
Section A
Multiple-Choice questions.
Two questions from each unit
10 questions. No choice
10 x 1= 10 marks
2
Section B
Short answer questions
Definitions, problems involving direct substitution,
explanation type questions
10 questions to be answered out of 12.
Minimum of two questions from each unit
10 x 3 = 30 marks
3
Section C
5 questions – One from each unit.
Internal choice
Paragraph, derivations, problems
5 x 6 = 30 marks
4
Section D
3 questions out of five.
One question from each unit
3 x 10 = 30 marks
Question Paper Pattern for
Core Elective, Allied, Non-Major Elective
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 100
Sl.No Section Marks
1
Section A
Short answer questions
Definitions, problems involving direct substitution,
explanation type questions.
10 questions to be answered out of 2.
10 x 2 = 20 marks
2
Section B
5 questions – out of 6 questions
Paragraph, derivations, problems
5 x 7 = 35 marks
3
Section C
3 questions out of five.
One question from each unit
3 x 15 = 45 marks
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
GENERAL CHEMISTRY – I
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Core -1
Semester : I Hours : 75
Subject Code : 15UCHC11 Credits : 4
Objectives :
To understand
1. the basic concepts needed for understanding chemistry
2. the electron-displacement effects in organic compounds and to study the reactions of
various organic reaction intermediates.
3. relation between electronic configuration and periodicity in properties of elements
4. the principles and applications of adsorption and catalysis
To study the chemistry of important polymers
To learn the safety methods in the laboratory
UNIT-I Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry (15 Hours)
General Introduction. Functional groups. Structural Formulae. Isomerism- Fundamental ideas
only – Structural and stereoisomerism – types and examples.
Organic reactions – Types of reactions. Cleavage of bonds – Homolysis and heterolysis.
Types of reagents –Electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals. –definition and examples
Localised and delocalised bonds. Resonance- Rules of resonance. Steric inhibition of resonance.
Hyperconjugation. Inductive and field effects - definition.
Organic Reaction intermediates: Generation, stability, structure and reactions of carbocations,
carbanions, free radicals and carbenes.
UNIT-II Periodic Table and Rare Gases (15 hours)
Mendeleev’s table. Merits and demerits. Long form of the periodic table and its advantages.
Classification into s,p,d and f-block elements.
Study of the variation of the following properties of elements in terms of their electronic
configurations. Atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization potential, electron affinity,
electronegativity, metallicity and their periodic variations
Rare Gases: General discussion. Isolation of rare gases. Compounds of xenon. Xenon fluorides
and oxides – Preparation, structure and bonding in XeF2, XeF4, XeF6, XeO3 and XeOF4.
UNIT III Surface Chemistry (15 Hours)
Adsorption of gases on solids. Characteristics. Chemisorption and Physisorption. Factors
influencing adsorption. Different types of adsorption curves. Adsorption isotherms. Langmuir
and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.
Applications of adsorption.
Catalysis – Definition. Characteristics. Types of catalysis - examples. Theories of catalysis.
Autocatalysis. Catalytic poisons. Promoters. Applications of catalysis
Enzyme catalysis – Lock and key mechanism and kinetics. Michelis-Menton equation. Effect of
pH and temperature on enzyme action.
UNIT IV Introduction to Polymers (15 Hours)
Monomers and Polymers. Definition. Classification of polymers. Distinction among plastics,
elastomers and fibers. Homo and heteropolymers. Copolymers. Chemistry of Polymerisation.
Chain polymerisation. Free radical, ionic, coordination and step polymerisation. Polyaddition
and poly condensation.
Important polymers – Teflon, PMMA, polyethylene, polystyrene, PAN, polyesters,
polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, PVC, epoxy resins, rubber-styrene and neoprene
rubbers. Phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins.
UNIT V Safety in the Laboratory and Separation Techniques (15 hours)
Storage and handling of chemicals. Toxic and poisonous chemicals. Waste and fume disposal.
Precautions and first-aid procedure. Uses of different glassware. Hazard symbols. Laboratory
safety measures.
General purification techniques. Purification of solid organic compounds. Recrystallisation. Use
of mixed solvents. Use of drying agents and their properties. Sublimation.
Extraction – use of immiscible solvents. Solvent extraction. Soxhlet extraction.
Books for Study
1. Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl., A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S.Chand & Co (2011)
2. B.R. Puri & L.R.Sharma & M.S.Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal
Publishing Co (2012)
3. B.R.Puri, L.R.Sharma, & K.C.Kalia , Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone
Publishers (2012)
Books for References
1. B.K.Sharma ., Polymer Chemistry, Goel Publishing House (1989)
2. R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan, Elements of Analytical Chemistry,
Sultan Chand & Sons. Chapter 1
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
INORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Core Practical
Semester : I & II Hours : 45 (Each Semester)
Subject Code : 15UCHP12 Credits : 3
Objectives:
To enable the learners to
learn principles of analysis of simple salts and mixtures
Develop analytical skills in identifying the acid and basic radicals in the given unknown
mixture of salts.
Semi-Micro Qualitative analysis
Analysis of a mixture containing two anions (one simple and one interfering) and two cations (of
different groups) from the following
Cations: Lead, bismuth, copper, cadmium, iron, aluminum, zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt,
barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium and ammonium.
Anions: Halides, carbonate, nitrate, sulphate, oxalate, borate, phosphate, chromate and fluoride.
Book for Study
1. Course material provided by the Department
Book for Reference
1. V.V. Ramanujam., Inorganic Semi micro qualitative Analysis (2001)
Evaluation
Continuous Internal Assessment (50 Marks)
Sl. No Components Marks
1 Observation Note book
Maintained neatly and regularly
10
2 Results of the regular Practical 20
3 Internal Test 20
TOTAL 50
End-Semester Examination (50 Marks) Duration: 3 Hours (At the end of II Semester)
Analysis of a mixture containing two acid and two basic radicals.
Sl. No Components Marks
1 Record Notebook. Maintained neatly 05
2 Final result 40
3 Viva voce 05
TOTAL 50
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY - I
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Allied-1
Semester : I Hours : 45
Subject Code : 15UCHA11 Credits : 3
Objectives
To enable the student to understand
the basics of Biochemistry
the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids
preparation and reactions of amino acids and proteins
Unit I Introduction and Biomolecules (9 Hours)
Definition. Branches in Biochemistry. Biomolecules and their characteristics. Characteristics of
living matter. Concept of cell.
Carbohydrates: Occurrence and classification. Properties, structure and biological importance of
monosaccharide’s, Disaccharides and polysaccharides – examples.
Lipids: Occurrence and classification. Properties, structure and biological importance of lipids:
simple lipids, compound lipids and derived lipids- definition and examples.
Aminoacids and Peptides: Classification and Properties of amino acids. Peptides, polypeptides,
Preparation and biological importance of peptides.
Unit II Carbohydrates Metabolism (9 Hours)
Metabolism of carbohydrates (a) Glycogen synthesis and breakdown. (b) Oxidation: Glycolysis,
citric acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway. Carbohydrate metabolism in various tissues.
Chemistry of muscle contraction. Blood sugar level. Glycosuria-Diabetes Mellitus-Glucose
tolerance Glycosylated Hemoglobin. Hormonal effects of carbohydrate metabolism.
Unit III Lipid metabolism (9 Hours)
Metabolism of lipids: (a) oxidation of fatty acids (b) Biosynthesis of Fatty acids (b) Metabolism
of cholesterol. Role of liver in Lipid metabolism. Role of adipose tissue in lipid metabolism. .
Hormonal control of lipid metabolism.
UNIT IV Amino acids and Proteins (9 Hours)
Classification of proteins. Properties of proteins. Structure of proteins: primary, secondary,
tertiary and quaternary structure. Biological importance of proteins. Catabolism of amino acids
(a) conversion of α- amino acids to -keto acid (b) Disposal of Nitrogen – urea cycle (c) disposal
of carbon skeleton (d) disposal of sulphur. Biosynthesis of amino acids.
UNIT V Integration of carbohydrate, lipids and protein metabolism (9 Hours)
Inter conversion between three different metabolisms. Regulation and control of metabolism.
Text Book
Course material provided by the Department
Reference Books
1. GR Agarwal, Kiran Agarwal and O.P Agarwal, Text book of Biochemistry, 10th Edition Goel
Publishing House, Meerut (1999)
2. J.L. Jain, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, V edition S.Chand & Company Ltd (2001)
3. Powar and Chatwal, Biochemistry, Himalaya Publishing House, 4th
Edition (1999)
4. Dhaka and Singha, A Text Book of Biochemistry, Aman Publishing House (1997).
5. McKee, Biochemistry: The molecular basis of Life. 3rd
Edition. McGraw Hill (2004).
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ALLIED CHEMISTRY – I
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Mathematics Part : III Allied-1
Semester : I Hours : 45 (+30)
Subject Code : 15UCHB11 Credits : 3
Objectives
To enable the student to understand
o Relation between electronic configuration and periodicity in properties of
elements
o Concept of chemical bonding
o Stereoisomerism in organic chemistry and the relation between the structure of
molecules and their colour
o the safety methods in the laboratory
Unit I Periodic Table (9 hours)
Mendeleev’s table. Merits and demerits. Long form of the periodic table and its advantages.
Classification into s,p,d and f-block elements.
Study of the variation of the following properties of elements in terms of their electronic
configurations. Atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization potential, electron affinity,
electronegativity, metallicity and their periodic variations
Unit II Chemical Bonding (9 hours)
Covalent bond: orbital overlap, hybridization, geometry of organic molecules- CH4,C2H4,C2H2,
C6H6- Molecular orbital theory, bonding, antibonding and non-bonding orbitals. Molecular
orbitals. MO configuration of H2, N2, O2, F2. Bond order.
Diborane: Preparation and properties, structure, preparation and uses of NaHB4, Borazole
Unit III Optical Isomerism (9 hours)
Symmetry, elements of symmetry. Cause of optical activity, tartaric acid, Racemisation,
Resolution – definition. Geometric isomerism of maleic and fumaric acids. Distinguishing
geometrical isomers on the basis of dipole moments.
Unit IV Colour and Constitution (9 hours)
Chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift, hyperchromic effect,
hypsochromic effect. Classification of dyes.
Dyes: azo, phthalein and triphenylmethane dyes- Preparation of methyl orange, phenolphthalein
and Bismarck brown.
Unit V Safety Methods in Lab (9 hours)
Storage and handling of chemicals. Toxic and poisonous chemicals. Waste and fume disposal.
Precautions and first-aid procedure. Uses of different glassware. Hazard symbols. Laboratory
safety measures.
Books for Study
1. Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl., A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S.Chand & Co (2011)
2. B.R. Puri & L.R.Sharma & M.S.Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal
Publishing Co (2012)
3. B.R.Puri, L.R.Sharma, & K.C.Kalia , Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone
Publishers (2012)
Book for Reference
1. R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan, Elements of Analytical Chemistry,
Sultan Chand & Sons.
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ALLIED CHEMISTRY LAB
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Mathematics Part : III Allied Practical
Semester : I & II Hours : 30 (Each Semester)
Subject Code : 15UCHP12 Credits : 1
I. VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS:
1. Estimation of sodium hydroxide using standard sodium carbonate.
2. Estimation of hydrochloric acid- standard oxalic acid.
3. Estimation of oxalic acid- standard sulphuric acid.
4. Estimation of ferrous sulphate- standard Mohr salt solution.
5. Estimation of oxalic acid- standard ferrous sulphate.
6. Estimation of potassium permanganate- standard sodium hydroxide.
II. ORGANIC ANALYSIS:
1. Detection of Elements (N, S, Halogens).
2. To distinguish between aliphatic and Aromatic.
3. To distinguish between saturated and unsaturated.
4. Functional group tests for phenols, acids (mono), aromatic primary amine,
diamide, carbohydrate, aldehyde, ketone
Functional groups characterized by confirmatory test.
Course material provided by the Department
EVALUATION
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) – 50 Marks
Sl.No Components Marks
1 Observation Notebook –Neatly and Regularly maintained 05
2 Practical Results – Regular Class work 25
3 Internal Test 20
TOTAL 50
End-Semester Examination (at the end of even semester - 3 hour duration)
One Volumetric estimation and an organic compound analysis to be carried out.
Sl.No Components Marks
1 Record Note book –Neatly maintained 05
2 Volumetric Estimation -Procedure 05
3 Volumetric Estimation-Result within the prescribed error limit 20
4 Organic Analysis -Result 20
TOTAL 50
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
GENERAL CHEMISTRY – II
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Core -2
Semester : II Hours : 75
Subject Code : 15UCHC22 Credits : 4
Objectives:
To enable the learners to understand
the concept of chirality, optical activity and conformations of simple alkanes and
cyclohexane.
the basic concepts of Inorganic Chemistry
laws related to ideal and real gases, liquefaction methods, molecular velocities and
collision properties.
the principle involved in quantitative analysis.
the methods and materials required for products which are used in our daily life
UNIT I Stereochemistry and Conformational Analysis (15 Hours)
Optical activity. Chirality. Enantiomerism. Diastereomers. Racemic modification. Resolution of
racemic mixtures. Meso compounds.
Reactions involving stereoisomers – Stereospecific and stereoselective syntheses. Asymmetric
synthesis – Partial Method.
Configuration – absolute and relative configuration. R,S notation for optical isomers with one
and two chiral centers. Erythro and threo representations.
Optical activity in compounds containing no chiral centres.- biphenyls, allenes and spiranes.
Geometrical isomerism – E,Z- notation. Methods of distinguishing geometrical isomers.
(Cyclisation, Dipole moment and Melting point methods)
Conformations- Definition. Conformations of ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Cyclohexane-
chair and boat forms. Chair inversion. Conformations of methylcyclohexane.
UNIT II Basic Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry (15 Hours)
Avogadro number .Mole concept. Mole fraction. Definition and problems. Balancing chemical
equations. Calculations based on chemical equations. Oxidation and reduction. Oxidation
number. Balancing redox equation – oxidation number and ion-electron methods. Molecular
mass and equivalent mass.- Equivalent weights of acids, bases and salts. Calculations.
UNIT III Gaseous State (15 Hours)
The kinetic theory of ideal gases. Deduction of gas laws from the kinetic gas equation. Deviation
from ideal behaviour. Van der Waals equation. Reduced equation of state. Law of corresponding
states. Compressibility factor. Critical phenomena. Andrews experiments. Van der Waals
equation and the critical constants.
Distribution of molecular velocities. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.(No derivation). Types of
molecular velocities. Calculations.
Collision properties – Mean free path – collision frequency- Collision diameter. Viscosity of
gases.
UNIT IV Titrimetric methods of Analysis (15 Hours)
General principle of titrimetric methods of analysis. Requirements.
Expressing concentration – molarity, molality, normality, Wt%, ppm, milliequivalents (mEq)
and millimoles.
Primary and secondary standards. Criteria for primary standards. Preparation of standard
solution. Standardisation of solutions. Limitations of volumetric analysis. Endpoint and
equivalence point. Acid-base titrations. Indicators. Choice of indicators.
Complexometric titrations: Principle. Titrations involving EDTA- General principle. Metal ion
indicators and characteristics.
Precipitation titrations: Argentometric titrations. Indicators for precipitation titrations involving
silver. Determination of chloride by Volhard’s method. Adsorption indicators.
UNIT V Chemicals for living (15 Hours)
Preparation of Tooth powder, Tooth paste, Talcum powder, Shampoo, Perfumes, Dish washing
powder, Toilet cleaning liquids.
Wax products – Candles, Shoe polish.
Inks – Blue, Red, Printing inks, Ink for stamps
Agarbathies, Napthalene balls, Chalk crayons.
Scope of small scale industries. Agencies promoting village industries IDBI, SISI, SIPCOT etc.
Books for Study
1. Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl., A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S.Chand & Co (2011)
2. B.R.Puri, L.R.Sharma, & K.C.Kalia , Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone
Publishers (2012)
3. B.R. Puri & L.R.Sharma & M.S.Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal
Publishing Co (2012)
Books for References
1. B.S. Sekar, Small Scale Industries, Jaime Publications, Bombay (1975)
2. Malik and Agarwal, Reference Book and Directory for Small Industries, Small Industry
Research Institute, New Delhi (1975)
3. R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan, Elements of Analytical Chemistry,
Sultan Chand & Sons. Chapters 5,6
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY - II
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Allied-2
Semester : II Total No. of Hours : 45
Subject Code : 15UCHA22 Credits : 3
Objectives
To enable the student to learn
the mechanism of enzyme action and its applications
the structure and functions of nucleic acids
the classification and functions of harmones
the metabolic functions of vitamins
UNIT I Enzymes (9 Hours)
Enzymes. Classification of enzymes. Properties of Enzymes. Factors affecting Enzyme activity.
Nomenclature and units of enzyme activity. Enzyme Kinetics. Mechanism of Enzyme action.
coenzyme and cofactors. Diagnostic applications of Enzymes. Therapeutics uses of Enzymes.
Application of Enzymes in Food industry.
UNIT II Nucleic acids (9 Hours)
Nucleic acids. Nucleosides and Nucleotides and Biological importance. Properties and structure
of Nucleic acids: (a) DNA: Primary, secondary and tertiary structure (b) RNA: Types of RNA,
structure and functions. Genetic code and Genetic code table. Biosynthesis of proteins. viruses.
Metabolism of
Nucleic acids (a) metabolism of phosphoric acid, pentoses, Purine and pyrimidine bases (b)
metabolism of free nucleotides
UNIT III Hormones (9 Hours)
Hormones. Classification of Hormones based on chemical nature and Secreting glands.
Hierarchy of Hormonal function. Mode of action of Hormones. Chemical nature and functions of
Hormones: Pituitary, Thyroid Pancreas, Adrenal, Gonadal (sex), placental, pineal body, kidney.
UNIT IV Vitamins (9 Hours)
Vitamins. Classification of vitamins. Chemical nature and metabolic functions of fat soluble
vitamins: vitamin A, D, E and K. Chemical nature and metabolic function of water soluble
vitamins: Thiamine (B), Riboflavin (B2) Pyridoxine (B6), Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Biotin, Vit.
B12, Folic acid, Para amino benzoic acid, Inositol, -Lipoic acid ,choline and vitamin C.
UNIT V Biochemical aspects of important physiological process (9 Hours)
Digestion and absorption. Detoxification. Excretion. Respiration Muscular function. Liver
function. Nervous function. Aging.
Water balance. Electrolyte balance and its maintenance. Cerebrospinal fluid. Essential elements,
macro and micro elements and general functions. Metabolic functions of Ca, P, I, and Fe.
Text Book
Course material provided by the Department
Reference Books
1. , GR Agarwal, Kiran Agarwal and O.P Agarwal, Text book of Biochemistry, 10th Edition
Goel Publishing House, Meerut (1999)
2. J.L. Jain, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, V edition S.Chand & Company Ltd (2001)
3. Powar and Chatwal, Biochemistry, , Himalaya Publishing House, 4th
Edition (1999)
4. Dhaka and Singha, A Text Book of Biochemistry , Aman Publishing House (1997).
5. McKee, Biochemistry: The molecular basis of Life. 3rd
Edition. McGraw Hill (2004).
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ALLIED CHEMISTRY – II
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Mathematics Part : III Allied-2
Semester : II Hours : 45
Subject Code : 15UCHB22 Credits : 3
Objectives
To enable the student to understand
the principle involved in quantitative analysis
structure and bonding in coordination compounds
preparation and reactions of aminoacids and carbohydrates
the theory of photochemical processes
electrolytic conductance and electrochemical cells
Unit I Titrimetric Methods (9 hours)
General principle of titrimetric methods of analysis. Requirements. Expressing concentration –
molarity, molality, normality, Wt%, ppm, milliequivalents (mEq) and millimoles.
Standardisation of solutions. Limitations of volumetric analysis. Endpoint and equivalence point.
Acid-base titrations. Strong Acid – Strong Base, Strong Acid – Weak Base, Weak Acid –Strong
Base, Weak Acid – Weak Base. Indicators. Choice of indicators.
Unit II Coordination Chemistry (9 hours)
Nomenclature. Werner theory. Chelation- examples. Haemoglobin Chlorophyll - functions.
EDTA and its applications in analysis.
Unit III Life Chemistry (9 hours)
Amino Acids: Classification, preparation and properties of glycine and alanine. Isoelectric point
and zwitter ion. Peptide bond.
Classification of proteins by physical properties and by biological functions.
Carbohydartes: classification, preparation and properties of glucose and fructose. Conversion of
glucose to fructose and vice versa.
Unit IV Fundamentals of Photochemistry (9 hours)
Definition of Photochemical reactions, Grotthus Draper Law and Einstein’s Law, Quantum
Efficiency (High and Low). Jablonsky diagram. Comparison between thermal and photochemical
reactions. Chemiluminescence, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence. Photosensitisation. (Definitions
with suitable examples)
Unit V Electrochemistry (9 hours)
Measurement of conductance. Kohlraush’s law. pH determination. Conductometric titrations.
Salt hydrolysis. Buffer solutions and buffer action. Galvanic cells, e.m.f. standard electrode
potentials, reference electrodes. Electrochemical series and its applications.
Books for Study
1. Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl., A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S.Chand & Co (2011)
2. B.R. Puri & L.R.Sharma & M.S.Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal
Publishing Co (2012)
3. B.R.Puri, L.R.Sharma, & K.C.Kalia , Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone
Publishers (2012)
Books for Reference
1. Elements of Analytical Chemistry, R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan,
Sultan Chand & Sons.
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ALLIED BIOCHEMISTRY – PRACTICAL
(2015-2016 onwards)
Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Allied Practical
Semester : I & II Total No. of Hours : 30 (Each Semester)
Subject Code : 15UCHP12 Credits : 2
1. Qualitative tests for Protein, carbohydrate, lipids.
2. Measurement of pH.
3. Estimation of sugar – Benedict’s method
4. Estimation of calcium
5. Estimation of vitamin C
6. Estimation of Iron by colorimetry.
7. Estimation of Nickel by colorimetry
8. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography (Demonstration Only)
9. Separation of lipids by TLC (Demonstration Only)
10. Column chromatography (Demonstration Only)
.
Course material provided by the Department
EVALUATION
Continuous Internal Assessment (50 Marks)
Sl. No Components Marks
1 Observation Note book
Maintained neatly and regularly
10
2 Results of the practical-Regular class work 20
3 Internal Test 20
TOTAL 50
End-Semester Examination (50 Marks )(Duration: 3 Hours)
Examination at the end of even-semester.
Sl.No Components Marks
1 Record Notebook 10
2 Estimation - Procedure 05
3 Identification of the given sample with correct procedure 10
4 Estimation-Final Result within the prescribed error limit 20
5 Viva voce 5
TOTAL 50
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR -II YEAR
PART-III SEMESTER-III
CORE: Paper-4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I
Subject Code:
Contact Hours per week: 5 Contacts Hours per Semester: 75
Credits: 5
Objectives
1. To understand the chemistry of alkanes,cycloalkanes and predicting the stability of
cycloalkanes.
2. To study the preparation and reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons and dienes.
3. To learn the concept of chirality, optical activity and conformations of simple
alkanes and cyclohexane.
4. To study and understand the chemistry of aromatic compounds and concept of
aromaticity.
5. To study the preparation and reactions of alkyl and aryl halides.
UNIT I Alkanes and cycloalkanes (15 Hours)
Nomenclature of alkanes
Methods of formation of alkanes.-Reduction of alkenes and alkynes, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe
reaction and decarboxylation reactions. Physical properties and reactions.
Cycloalkanes – Preparation-Wurtz reaction, Dieckmann’s ring closure and reduction of aromatic
hydrocarbons. Properties and reactions. Stability of Cycloalkanes. Baeyer’s strain theory.
Limitations. Relative stability of Cycloalkanes.
UNIT II Alkenes , Alkadienes and alkynes (15 Hours)
Alkenes: Nomenclature. Geometrical isomerism in alkenes.
General methods of preparation. – dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl
halides. Dehalogenation of dihalides.
Reactions of alkenes. Addition reactions – hydrogenation. Addition of halogens and hydrogen
halides. Markownikov’s rule and peroxide effect. Hydration – Hydroboration.
Alkadienes: Nomenclature and classification. Stability of conjugated dienes. Preparation and
reactions of 1, 3-butadiene – 1,2- and 1,4-addition. Diels-Alder reaction.
Alkynes: Nomenclature. Structure of acetylene. General methods of preparation. Acidity of
alkynes. Reactions of alkynes: addition of hydrogen, hydrogen halides and water.
Unit III Stereochemistry and Conformational Analysis (15 Hours)
Optical activity. Chirality. Enantiomerism. Diastereomers. Racemic modification. Resolution of
racemic mixtures. Meso compounds.
Reactions involving stereoisomers – Stereospecific and stereoselective syntheses. Asymmetric
synthesis – Partial Method.
Configuration – absolute and relative configuration. R,S notation for optical isomers with one
and two chiral centers. Erythro and threo representations.
Optical activity in compounds containing no chiral centres.- biphenyls, allenes and spiranes.
Geometrical isomerism – E,Z- notation. Methods of distinguishing geometrical isomers.
(Cyclisation, Dipole moment and Melting point methods)
Conformations- Definition. Conformations of ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Cyclohexane-
chair and boat forms. Chair inversion. Conformations of methylcyclohexane.
UNIT IV Aromatic Hydrocarbons – Benzene and alkyl benzenes (15 Hours)
Structure of benzene: Kekule structure. Stability of benzene ring with reference to heats of
hydrogenation and combustion. Resonance energy. Resonance picture of benzene. Bond lengths
in benzene. Orbital picture of benzene.
Aromaticity and Huckel’s rule. Application of Huckel’s rule to the following systems-
cyclopentadienyl anion, cycloheptatrienyl cation.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions – General mechanism. Nitration, sulphonation,
halogenation and Friedel-Craft’s reactions.
Disubstitution in benzene. Directive influence – classification of substituents – o,p- and meta-
directing groups. Effect of substituents in orientation and reactivity.
UNIT V Alkyl and Aryl Halides (15 Hours)
Alkyl Halides – Nomenclature and classification. Methods of formation. Properties and chemical
reactions. Mechanisms of SN1, SN2 and SNi reactions. Elimination reactions E1 and E2 reactions.
Preparation, properties and reactions of CHCl3, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, freons, DDT
Aryl Halides. Preparation, properties and reactions of chlorobenzene. Mechanism of nucleophilic
aromatic substitution.
Aralkylhalides: Preparation, properties and reactions of benzyl chloride. Distinction between
nuclear and side-chain halides.
TEXT BOOK
P.L.soni and H.M.Chawla, Text Book of Organic Chemistry. 28th
Edition. Sultan Chand (2006)
Reference Book
Morrison and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th
edition. Prentice Hall (2006).
Bahl and Arul Bahl, Text Book of Organic Chemistry, Chand and Company (2003)
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ALLIED CHEMISTRY [For First Year Maths and II Year Physics]
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
Class : I year Part : III Allied
Semester : I / III Hours : 45
Code : 12CMA114 Credit : 4
Objectives
To enable the student to understand
o Concept of Chemical bonding
o Basic Industrial chemical processes used in fuels and in the synthesis of petrol
o Stereoisomerism in Organic Chemistry and the relation between the structure of
molecules and their colour
o Rates of chemical reactions, order and its determination and the application of Le
Chatelier’s principle in equilibrium processes
Unit I Chemical Bonding
1. Covalent bond: orbital overlap, hybridization, geometry of organic molecules- CH4, C2H4,
C2H2, C6H6- Molecular orbital theory, bonding, antibonding and non-bonding orbitals.
Molecular orbitals. MO configuration of H2, N2, O2, F2. Bond order.
2. Diborane: Preparation and properties, structure, preparation and uses of NaHB4, Borazole
Unit II
Industrial Chemistry
Synthesis, properties and uses of silicones. Fuel gases: natural gas, water gas,
semi-water gas, carburetted water gas, producer gas, oil gas – composition and uses. Synthetic
petrol.
Unit III
Optical isomerism: symmetry, elements of symmetry. Cause of optical activity, tartaric acid,
Racemisation, Resolution – definition. Geometric isomerism of maleic and fumaric acids.
Distinguishing geometrical isomers on the basis of dipole moments.
Unit IV
Colour and constitution: chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift,
hyperchromic effect, hypochromic effect.
Dyes: Classification of dyes. Azo, phthalein and triphenylmethane dyes- Preparation of methyl
orange, phenolphthalein and Bismarck brown.
Unit V:
Kinetics and equilibrium
Rate, order, molecularity, pseudo first order, determination of order. Measurement of reaction
rate. Effect of temperature on the rate – Arrhenius equation. Energy of activation.
Reversible reaction. Equilibrium constant. Kp and Kc. Le-Chatelier principle - ammonia
equilibrium.
Text Book
Course material provided by the Department
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Class : II His, Eco, Phi Part : IV NME
Semester : III Total hours : 45
Code : 12CNEA32 Credit : 2
CHEMISTRY AROUND US
(2012-2013 onwards)
Objective:
To introduce basic concepts on the importance and uses of various chemical substances
around us.
Unit 1
Composition of air. Role of various components present in air.Biological importance of
oxygen.Air pollution- acid rain, ozone depletion, green house gases and green house effect.
Unit 2
Importance of water.Natural water.Sources of water. Drinking water – making water fit to drink
– chlorination. Water pollution- Chemicals causing water contamination – contamination by
fertilisers, soaps and detergents and their effect.
Unit 3
Important nutrients – carbohydrates, fats, proteins – their role in human health.Role of vitamins,
iron, calcium, cobalt in human health.
Medicines: Antibiotics – definition – few examples.
Unit 4
Firework – chinese invention. Basic ingredients and principle of firework.Colour of firework.
Perfumes – basic composition. Fragrances.
Substances that give colour- Dyes. Hair dyes and hair colouring. Safety of hair dyes.
Unit 5
Plastics and fibres- Definition. Do we need plastics?.
Insecticides – definition and examples. Fluorine and arsenic in drinking water.Alcohol and
tobacco – harmful effects and addiction.
Textbook
Study material given by course teacher.
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Class : II Part : Self Learning Course
Semester : III Total hours :
Code :12SCL133 Credit : 3
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
Unit I . Chemical Toxicology
Poisons.Types and classification.Diagnosis of poisons in the living and the dead.Clinical
symptoms.Heavy metal contamination of sea foods.Use of neutron activation analysis in
detecting arsenic in human hair.
Unit II. Crime detection
Explosives.Bomb detection.Metal detectors and other security devices. Composition of bullets
and detecting powder burns.
Unit III. Forgery and Counterfeiting
Documents. Different types of forged signatures. Use of UV rays.Comparison of type written
letters.Checking silver line and water mark in currency notes. Alloy analysis using AAS to detect
counterfeit coins. Detection of gold purity. Diamond checking.
Unit IV. Tracks and Traces
Tracks and traces. Casting of foot prints. Residue prints. Tyre patterns.Glass fracture. Tool
marks. Paints.Fibres. Analysis of biological substances..Detecting steroid consumption in
athletes.
REFERENCES
1. T.H. James, Forensic Sciences.. Stanley Thames Ltd. (2000)
2. Richard, .An Introduction to Forensic Science. 8th
edition. Prentice Hall.(2004)
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ALLIED CHEMISTRY [For First Year Maths and II Year Physics]
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards under the New CBCS)
Class : I year Part : III Allied
Semester : II & IV total hours : 45
Code : 12CMA223 Credit : 3
ALLIED CHEMISTRY –II
Objectives
To enable the student to understand
Principle behind metallurgical processes
Structure and bonding in coordination compounds
Preparation and reactions of aminoacids and carbohydrates
Principles of chemical energetics, relation between heat and work and the concept of free
energy
Electrolytic conductance and electrochemical cells
Unit I
Metals -General methods of extraction of metals. Types of ores. Methods of ore dressing..
Reduction methods, electrical methods, types of refining Van Arkel and Zone refining.
Unit II
Coordination chemistry - Nomenclature. Werner theory. Chelation- examples. Haemoglobin
Chlorophyll - functions. EDTA and its applications in analysis.
Unit III
Amino Acids: Classification, preparation and properties of glycine and alanine. Isoelectric point
and zwitter ion. Peptide bond.
Classification of proteins by physical properties and by biological functions.
Carbohydartes: classification, preparation and properties of glucose and fructose. Conversion of
glucose to fructose and vice versa.
Unit IV
Energetics- Definition of first law thermodynamics. Types of systems. Reversible, irreversible.
Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Joule-Thomson effect. Enthalpy, bond energy. Need for the
second law. Entropy and its significance. Free energy change in a chemical reaction.
Spontaneous processes – Criteria of spontaneity of chemical reaction.
Unit V
Electrochemistry Measurement of conductance. Kohlraush’s law. pH determination.
Conductometric titrations. Salt hydrolysis. Buffer solutions and buffer action. Galvanic cells,
e.m.f. standard electrode potentials, reference electrodes. Electrochemical series and its
applications.
Text Book
Course material provided by the Department
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Class : II Year Part : III Core
Semester : IV Total hours : 75
Code : 12CHC145 Credit : 5
INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
(2012-2013 onwards)
Objectives:
1. To understand the importance of energy and entropy changes in predicting the
feasibility of reactions
2. Enabling the learner to calculate the energy changes in physical and chemical
processes.
3. To understand the importance of phase rule and its application to one- and two-
component systems.
4. To understand the principles of chemistry of transition elements
5. To learn the chemistry of lanthanide and actinide elements.
Unit I Thermodynamics –II (15 Hours)
Limitations of first law and the need for the second law. Formulation of second law of
thermodynamics on the basis of Carnot cycle
Spontaneous processes. Criteria of spontaneity.Entropy(S). Change in entropy for reversible and
irreversible processes.
Conditions for equilibrium and spontaneity.Gibbs(G) and Helmholtz free energy(A).
Changes in S, G as criteria for spontaneous processes.Evaluation of G and S for mixing,
vapourisation.Expansion under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.
Gibbs-Duhem Equation
Unit II Chemical Equilibrium and III Law of Thermodynamics (15 Hours)
Law of mass action.Kp and Kc. Relationships between Kp and Kc. Properties of equilibrium
constants. Van’t Hoff isotherm. Derivation of thermodynamic equilibrium constant and its
relationship with free energy changes under standard conditions. Van’t Hoff isochore.Le-
Chatelier principle. Formation of ammonia – Haber’s process
Third law of thermodynamics: Nernst heat theorem. Formulation of third law.Determination of
absolute entropy of solids, liquids and gases.
Unit III Phase Rule (15 Hours)
Phase rule. Concepts of phase, component and degrees of freedom. Gibbs phase rule- derivation.
Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equation and their applications to equilibria in phase
transitions (solid-liquid, liquid-vapour, soild-vapour).
One component system: Water and sulphur systems.
Two component systems: i) simple eutectic- lead-silver system
ii) Formation of compound with congruent and incongruent
melting point FeCl3-H2O and Na2SO4-H2O systems
Unit-IV Transition Elements (15 Hours)
First , second and third transition series. General characteristics.Occurrence, extraction, and uses
of Ti, Cr, Co, Ni, W and Pt.
Unit V Lanthanides and actinides (15 Hours)
Inner transition elements.Lanthanide contraction.Separation.Oxidation
states.Actinides.General properties.Extraction and uses of Th, U and Pu.
Text Books
Principles of Physical Chemistry.Puri, Sharma and Pathania. Vishal Publishing (2003)
Inorganic Chemistry for Undergraduates.R.Gopalan, Universities Press (India). 2009
Reference Books
Modern Inorganic Chemistry.R.D.Madan. S.Chand (2004).
Text Book of Physical Chemistry.M.V.Sankaranarayanan and V.Mahadevan, Universities Press
(India). 2011.
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Class : II Phy, Mat, RDS Part : IV NME
Semester : IV Total hours : 45
Code : 12CNES42 Credit : 2
CHEMISTRY AND LIFE
(2012-2013 onwards)
Objective:
To introduce basic concepts on the importance and uses of various chemical substances
in our life.
Unit 1
Hydrocarbons and fossil fuels – Cooking gas, CNG, coal and petroleum -Basic discussion.
Nuclear energy: Principle. Nuclear reactors in India
Solar Energy: Principle of solar energy conversion to electricity.
Environmental issues related to fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
Unit 2
Important nutrients – carbohydrates, fats, proteins – their role in human metabolism.Role of
vitamins, iron, calcium, cobalt in human health.
Food additives – importance and types
Medicines: Antibiotics – definition – few examples.
Unit 3
Firework – chinese invention. Basic ingredients and principle of firework.Colour of firework.
Perfumes – basic composition. Fragrances.
Substances that give colour- Dyes. Hair dyes and hair colouring. Safety of hair dyes.
Unit 4
Plastics and fibres- Definition. Do we need plastics?.
Pesticides- Natural and Synthetic. Insecticides – definition and examples. Fluorine and arsenic in
drinking water.Alcohol and tobacco – harmful effects and addiction.
Unit 5
Nucleic acids – Elementary idea on the structure of DNA and RNA – their role.Hormones in our
body.Their functions and deficiency symptoms.
Textbook
Study material given by the course teacher.
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Class : II Part : Self Learning Course
Semester : IV Total hours :
Code : 12SLC143 Credit :3
FOOD CHEMISTRY
UNIT I Introduction to Food and Nutrition
Malnutrition, overnutrition and undernutrition.Relation to normal physical development and
health. Nutrients: classification and function. Function of Food, basic food groups.
Nutritive value of food groups: cereals and millets, pulses, nuts and oil seeds, fats and oils, sugar,
milk and milk products, Egg and flesh foods, fish and sea foods vegetables, fruits, spices and
condiments, Beverages, Novel protein. Recommended dietary allowances.Planning of balanced
diet.
UNIT II Effect of Cooking and Nutritive value of food:
Effect of cooking on various nutrients.Effect of cooking and food processing on different food
groups.
Unit III Food adulteration and Hygiene:
common adulterants in different foods. Contamination of food with toxic chemicals, pesticides
and insecticides.Insect and Rodent contamination of stored foods.
UNIT IV Food additives
Need for food additives: Antioxidants, chelating agents, colouring agents, curing agents,
Emulsions, Flavours and flavour enhancers, flavour improvers, Humectants and anticaking
agents, leaving agents, Nutrient supplements, non-nutritive sweeteners, pH control agents,
preservatives, stabilizers and thickeners, other additives, additives and food safety, unintentional
additives.
UNIT V Food Storage
Food deterioration.Processing by heat, cold, chilling, deep freezing, Drying, concentration,
Fermentation, Radiation.
Reference:
1. N.ShakuntalaManay and M.Shadaksharaswamy , Foods – Facts and Principle --Wiley
Eastern Limited (1987).
2. M.Swaminathan , Advanced Text book on Food and Nutrition. Vol .I Vol. II Rappco
(2000)
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR – III YEAR
PART-III SEMESTER – V
CORE: Paper-6 Organic Chemistry – II
Subject Code:
Contact Hours per week: 6 Contact Hours per Semester: 90
Credits: 6
Objectives
1. To learn the chemistry of alcohols, phenols and ethers
2. To study the synthetic methods and reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
3. To study the preparation, reactions and properties of carboxylic acids and their
derivatives.
4. To learn the chemistry of amines, nitro compounds and diazonium compounds.
5. To understand the principles of organic synthesis and to study the synthetic
applications of EAA, Malonic ester and Organometallics.
Unit I Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (18 Hours)
Alcohols: Nomenclature. Classes of alcohols. General methods of preparation. Hydroboration of
alkenes. Properties. Hydrogen bonding in alcohols. Acidity. Reactions of alcohols. Distinction
between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Preparation, properties and reactions of allyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.
Phenols: Nomenclature. Methods of preparation. Acidity. Effect of substituents on the acidity of
phenols. Reactions of Phenols- Kolbe’s reaction. Reimer-Tieman reaction, Gattermann reaction,
Lederer-Manasse reaction and Houben-Hoesch reaction. Mechanism of the above reactions.
Fries rearrangement.
Ethers and epoxides. Preparation and reactions of diethyl ether, anisole and ethylene oxide.
Estimation of methoxy group. Zeisel Method.
Unit II Carbonyl Compounds (18 Hours)
Nomenclature. Structure of carbonyl group. General methods of preparation of aliphatic
aldehydes and ketones. Physical properties. Acidity of -hydrogen. Chemical reactions-
Haloform reaction. Nucleophilic addition reactions. Addition of ammonia derivatives.
Condensation reactions- Mechanism of aldol, Cannizarro,Tischenko reactions. Oxidation –
Reaction with Tollen’s, Fehling’s reagents. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones. Reduction by
MPV, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner and complex metal hydrides.
Aromatic aldehydes: Benzaldehyde. General methods of formation. Reactions, Claisen, Perkin,
Benzoin, Knoevenagel reactions.
Acetophenone and benzophenone. Preparation and reactions.
p-benzoquinone – Preparation and reactions.
Tautomerism – keto-enol, amido-imido. (Examples only)
Mechanism of the following reactions – pinacol-pinacolone and Beckmann rearrangements.
Unit III Carboxylic acids and their Derivatives (18 Hours)
Preparation and reactions. Acidity of carboxylic acid. Effect of substituents on the acidity.
Conversion to functional derivatives. Reduction. HVZ reaction.
Preparation and reactions of acrylic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid.
Substituted acids: Preparation and reactions of glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid,
anthranilic acid, glyoxalic acid and pyruvic acid. Action of heat on , - and - hydroxy- and
amino acids.
Saturated dicarboxylic acids: Preparation and reactions of oxalic, malonic, and succinic acids.
Action of heat on dicarboxylic acids. Phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride and phthalimide.
Unsaturated dicarboxylic acids: Maleic and fumaric acids. Preparation and reactions.
Mechanism of Benzilic acid rearrangement.
Unit IV Nitrogen Compounds (18 Hours)
Aromatic Nitro compounds – Nitrobenzene. Preparation and reactions. Reduction products of
nitrobenzene.
Amines: Classification. Preparation and reactions. Bascity of amines. Separation of a mixture of
primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Basicity of aliphatic amines. Effect of substituents on the
basicity of aromatic amines.
Aliphatic diazo compounds: Diazomethane, diazoacetic ester. Preparation and reactions.
Benzene diazonium chloride: Preparation structure and reactions.
Mechanism of Benzidin and Hoffman rearrangements.
Lactam-lactim, nitro-acinitro tautomerism.
Unit V Principles of Organic Synthesis (18 Hours)
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions: alkylation of active methylene compounds-ethyl
acetoacetate and malonic ester. Synthetic applications of ethylacetoacetate and malonic ester.
Diels-Alder reactions- synthesis of cyclic compounds.
Synthesis using organometallic compounds
Organomagnesium compounds: Grignard reagents. Preparation, structure and chemical
reactions.Organozinc compounds- Preparation and reactions. Reformatsky reaction.
Organolithium compounds – Preparation and reactions of phenyl lithium.
Textbook
1. Morrison and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th
edition. Prentice Hall (2006)
2. P. L. Soni and H. M. Chawla, Text Book of Organic Chemistry. 28th
Edition. S. Chand (2006)
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) ,KARUMATHUR-625514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc. CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR –IIIYEAR
PART – IIISEMESTER – V
CORE: Paper – 7 Inorganic Chemistry
Subject Code: 12CHC256
Contact Hours per week: 6 Contact Hours per Semester: 90 Credits: 6
Objectives
1. To acquire a thorough understanding of classification, bonding and properties of
coordinationcompounds.
2. To study the chemistry of metal carbonyls and nitrosyls.
3. To study the chemistry of organo-transition metal complexes and their applications in
industrial processes.
4. To study the role of metal complexes in biological systems.
Unit I Coordination Compounds (18 Hours)
Introduction. Nomenclature. Types of ligands. Coordination number – examples for C.N.2, 3, 4,
5 and 6. Isomerism in coordination compounds:Structural Isomerism - ionization, hydration,
linkage, coordination, ligand,polymerization. Stereo Isomerism - geometrical and optical
isomerism. Stability of Complexes. Thermodynamic and kinetic stability (no derivation).
Chelation -chelate effect. Factors affecting Chelation. Structure of EDTA and DMG.
Unit II Bonding in Coordination Compounds (18 Hours)
Theories: Werner’s theory. Valence BondTheory (VBT) – High and low spin states.
Hybridisation – sp3, dsp
2, dsp
3, sp
3d
2and d
2sp
3. Applications of VBT to octahedral, tetrahedral
and square planar complexes. Magnetic properties of complexes.
Crystal Field Theory(CFT) –postulates –crystal field splitting in transition metal ions in
tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral fields. High and low spin octahedral complexes. Factors
influencing Crystal Field splitting. Uses and limitations of CFT.Jahn-Teller distortion in
octahedral complexes. Magnetic properties. Spectral properties – colour of
complexes.Spectrochemical series and Trans effect - Applications. Molecular Orbital Theory
(MOT) –Application of MOT to octahedral complexes.
Unit III Metal Carbonyls and Nitrosyls (18 Hours)
Metal Carbonyls. EAN rule and its application to the carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni.
Bonding in metal carbonyls – molecular orbitals of CO. General methods of preparation of
carbonyls – direct combination and reductive carbonylation. Structure determination of Ni(CO)4,
Fe(CO)5, and Mn2(CO)10.
Metal Nitrosyls – Preparation and structure of sodium nitroprusside. EAN rule applied to
[Co(CO)3(NO)]
Unit IV Organo Transition metal Compounds (18 Hours)
Basic Concepts. Structure and bonding in Zeise’s salt and Ferrocene.
Transition metal complexes as homogeneous catalysts – Alkene hydrogenation,
hydroformylation, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process.
Heterogeneous catalysis - Zeigler-Natta polymerization, Fischer-Tropschprocess and Haber’s
process.
Unit V Bioinorganic Chemistry (18 Hours)
Introduction. Metal complexes in biological systems – chlorophyll, cyanocobalamine.
Iron containing oxygen carriers – Introduction. Myoglobin and hemoglobin. Structure of the
prosthetic group. Mechanism of binding of oxygen and CO to myoglobin and
hemoglobin.Copper containing enzyme – Structure and functions of superoxide dismutase
(SOD).Zinc containing enzyme – Structure and functions of carbonic anhydrase.
Reference Books
1. J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, O. K. Medhi.Inorganic Chemistry – Principles of
Structure and Reactivity. 4th
Edition.Pearson Education (2008).
2. D. Banerjea, Coordination Chemistry. 3rd
Edition. Asian Books (2009).
3. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, P. L. Gaus. Basic Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd
Edition. Wiley
India (2007).
4. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, M. Bochmann.Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry. 6th
Edition.Wiley India (2012).
5. B. E. Douglas, D. H. McDaniel, J. J. Alexander. Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry. 3rd
Edition. Wiley India (2011).
6. R. M. Roat-Malone.Bioinorganic Chemistry – A Short Course.John Wiley & Sons
(2013).
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR –III YEAR
PART-III SEMESTER-V
CORE: Paper-8 Physical Chemistry-I
Subject Code: 12CHC356
Contact Hours per week: 6 Contact Hours per Semester: 90 Credits: 6
Objectives
1. To understand the kinetics and the order of chemical reactions.
2. To study the theory of separation of liquid mixtures and to study the distribution law and its
applications.
3. To understand the description of structure of atom in terms of Schrodinger equation.
4. To study the laws, processes and reactions of photochemistry
5. To write C programmes for simple chemical calculations.
Unit I Chemical Kinetics (18 Hours)
Introduction. Rate of reaction. Rate law and rate constants. Order and molecularity of reactions.
Derivation of rate constant and half life period for first and second order reactions. Examples for
first and second order reactions.Third order reactions. (No Derivation).Methods of determining
the order of a reaction. Complex reactions- consecutive, parallel and reversible reactions-
Elementary idea. Influence of temperature on the rate of a reaction. Arrhenius rate equation and
its significance.Bimolecular collision theory. Theory of absolute reaction rates. Lindemann’s
hypothesis.
Unit II Solutions of Non-Electrolytes (18 Hours)
Ideal solutions. Vapou pressure-composition diagram of solution.Raoult’s law. Positive and
negative deviations from the law.
Principle of fractional distillation. Steam distillation. Binary systems. Azeotropic distillation.
Partially miscible binary liquid systems. Critical solution temperature. –UCST, LCST, both
UCST and LCST. Effect of addition of solute on CST. Solubility of gases in liquids. Henry’s
law.
Distribution law: Thermodynamic derivation. Limitation of the law. Application of studying
association, dissociation and solvation. Study of formation of complex ions. Solvent extraction.
Efficiency of extraction.
Unit III Quantum Chemistry (18 Hours)
Dual nature of electrons -De Broglies particle-wave duality. Davisson-Germer experiment -
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Probability concept of electron. Schrodinger wave equation.
Interpretation of wave function. Eigen Equation, Eigenvalues and Eigenfunction. Operator-
Commuting,Hermitian. Solution of wave equation for particle in a one dimensional. Schrodinger
equation for hydrogen atom. Probability densities of orbitals.
Unit IV Photochemistry (18 Hours)
Comparison of thermal and photochemical reactions. Laws of photochemistry. Beer-Lambert
law. Grothus-Draper law. Stark-Einstein law. Quantum efficiency and its determination, reason
for low and high efficiency. Consequences of light absorption by atoms and molecules. Jablonski
energy level diagram. Primary and secondary photo physical processes.- Radiationless transition-
Internal conversion and intersystem crossing. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence –
Applications.
Experimental study of photochemical reactions. Qualitative aspect of photochemical H2-Cl2 and
H2-Br2 reactions.Basic concepts of photosensitized reactions. Flash photolysis and
chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence.
Unit V Computer Applications in Chemistry (18 Hours)
Application of C language in Chemistry- Computation of simple problems in chemistry –
1) Half-life period 2) Normality, molarity and molality of solutions 3) RMS velocity 4) ionic
strength of an electrolyte and 5) Beer-Lambert law.
Application of spreadsheet programme for solving simple chemical problems – Hydrolysis of
ester-first order kinetics.
Text Book
1. Principles of Physical Chemistry. Puri, Sharma and Pathania. Vishal
Publishing.Revised Edition-2013, Chapters 7,16,17,20,23,25
2. Computer Applications in Chemistry, K.V.Raman, Tata McGraw-Hill (1980)
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR -625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR -III YEAR
PART-III SEMESTER-V
CORE: Chemistry Lab -III Organic Analysis and Estimation
Subject Code:
Contact Hours per week: 4 Contacts Hours per Semester: 60 Credits: 3
Objectives:
To enable the learners to
learn the principles of Organic analysis
Develop the skills in analyzing the given organic compound, finding the
functional group and to prepare a suitable derivative.
1. Identification of acidic, basic, phenolic and neutral organic substances.
2. Detection of N,S and halogens
3. Test for aliphatic and aromatic nature of compounds
4. Test for saturation and unsaturation
5. Identification of functional groups
Carboxylic acids, Phenols, aldehydes, ketones, reducing sugars, primary amines, amides.
6. Estimation of Phenol
7. Estimation of aniline.
Text Book
Course material to be supplied by the Department
Reference Book
Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry. 4th
edition. ELBS, 1984.
Evaluation
Continuous Internal Assessment (50 Marks)
Sl. No Components Marks
1 Regular practical observation 10
2 Results of the practicals 25
3 Internal Test 15
TOTAL 50
End-Semester Examination (50 Marks). (At the end of odd-semester)
Sl. No Components Marks
1 Record Notebook. Maintained neatly 05
2 Procedure- volumetric estimation 05
3 Identification of the organic compound 15
4 Estimation- within the prescribed limit 20
5 Viva voce 05
TOTAL 50
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
Class : III year Part : III Core Elective
Semester : V Total hours : 60
Code : 12CHE153 Credit : 3
CORE ELECTIVE –III: Polymer Chemistry
(For students admitted from the academic year 2008-2009 onwards under the New CBCS)
Objectives
1. To study the classification and preparation methods of polymers.
2. To understand the relationship between polymer structure and properties.
3. To study the chemistry of important polymers. UNIT I. Introduction to polymers. Monomers and polymers. Definition. Classification of
polymers on the basis of microstructures, macrostructures and applications. Distinction among
plastics, elastomers and fibers. Homochain and heterochain polymers. Copolymers. UNIT II. Chemistry of Polymerisation. Chain polymerisation. Free radical, ionic, coordination
and step polymerisation. Polyaddition and poly condensation. UNIT III. Physical properties and Reactions. Glass transition temperature. Definition. Factors
affecting Tg. Relationship between Tg and molecular weight and melting point. Importance of
Tg. Molecular weight of polymers. Number average, weight average, sedimentation and
viscosity average molecular weights. Molecular weights and degree of polymerization.
Reactions – hydrolysis, hydrogenation. Addition/ Cross-linking-vulcanisation. Polymer
degradation. UNIT IV. Primary and secondary bond forces in polymers – coherence energy – structure –
property relationship -
Mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame resistance, chemical resistance,
degradability and electrical conductivity. UNIT V. Important polymers – Teflon, PMMA, polyethylene, polystyrene, PAN, polyesters,
polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, PVC, epoxy resins, rubber-styrene and neoprene
rubbers. Phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins.
REFERENCE
1. Billmeyer, F.W. Text Book of Polymer Science, Wiley, New York (1984).
2. Gowariker and Viswanathan., Polymer Science. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi (1978).
3. Sharma, B.K.Polymer Chemistry. Goel Publishing House, New Delhi (1989).
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For those joined in the Academic year 2012-2013onwards)
PART-III SEMESTER-V
Self-Learning Course 12CSL153 FUEL CHEMISTRY
Credits: 1
Objectives: Elaborate study of Fuels: Introduction - classification - preparation - properties - their sources of energy -
storage - alternate fuels - applications
UNIT-I Fuels And Combustion – Introduction – Classification of Fuels – Differences among solid, liquid and
gaseous fuels – calorific value – calorific intensity – explosive limits of inflammability – Characteristics
of a Good Fuel - Solid fuels - Wood
UNIT-II Coal – Types of Coal – Selection of Coal – Analysis of Coal - Proximate analysis
Carbonisation of coal – Application of coal gas – Gaseous fuels – components and composition of
producer gas, water gas, biogas and LPG
UNIT-III Liquid fuels – Petroleum – Cracking – Advantages of catalytic cracking over thermal cracking –
Synthetic Petrol – Knocking – Antiknocking agents – Octane number of petrol and Diesel - Diesel index
– Differences between petrol and diesel
UNIT-IV
Residual fuel oils – Asphalt – Aviation fuel – advantages – Kerosene as a fuel. Analysis and testing of
liquid and gaseous fuels - Utilization of fuels
UNIT-V Other sources of energy –– Electricity Power – Solar power: principles – Alternative Fuels – Alcohols –
Promising Biofuel: An aternative source to diesel and petrol
Nuclear fuels – Nuclear reactor – Nuclear fission – Nuclear fusion
Reference Books:
1. Industrial Chemistry (including chemical engineering) – B.K. Sharma – Goel Publishing House,
New Delhi (1997)
2. Engineering Chemistry: A Text Book – M.R. Balasubramanian, S.Krishnamoorthy, Murugesan –
Allied Publishers, Chennai (1993)
3. Fundamental concepts of Applied Chemistry – Jayashree Ghosh – S. Chand, New Delhi (2006)
4. Applied chemistry – K.Bhagavathi Sundari – MJP Publishers (2006)
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
Question Pattern for End-Semester Examination (Duration: 3 Hours)
(For Core papers only)
Sl.No Section Marks
1
Section A
Multiple-Choice questions.
Two questions from each unit
10 questions. No choice
10 x 1= 10 marks
2
Section B
Short answer questions
Definitions, problems involving direct substitution,
explanation type questions
10 questions to be answered out of 12.
Minimum of two questions from each unit
10 x 3 = 30 marks
3
Section C
5 questions – One from each unit.
Internal choice
Paragraph, derivations, problems
5 x 6 = 30 marks
4
Section D
3 questions out of five.
One question from each unit
3 x 10 = 30 marks
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
Question Paper Pattern for
Core Elective, Allied, Non-Major Elective
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 100
Sl.No Section Marks
1
Section A
Short answer questions
Definitions, problems involving direct substitution,
explanationtype questions.
10 questions to be answered out of 2.
10 x 2 = 20 marks
2
Section B
5 questions – out of 6 questions
Paragraph, derivations, problems
5 x 7 = 35 marks
3
Section C
3 questions out of five.
One question from each unit
3 x 15 = 45 marks
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR 625514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR -III YEAR
PART-III SEMESTER-VI
CORE: Paper-9 Organic Chemistry-III
Subject Code: 12CHC166
Contact Hours per week: 6 Contacts Hours per Semester: 90
Credits: 6
Objectives
1. To study the chemistry of polycyclic hydrocarbons
2. To study the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds and dyes.
3. To understand the structure and reactions of carbohydrates.
4. To study the structure elucidation and synthesis of alkaloids and terpenes.
5. To study and apply spectrometric techniques in studying the structure of organic
compounds.
Unit I Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (18 Hours)
Isolated Systems: Diphenyl and diphenyl methane. Preparation and reactions
Fused ring systems: Preparation and reactions of Naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.
Structural elucidation of naphthalene and anthracene.
Preparation and reactions of naphthols, naphthylamines and anthraquinone.
Carcinogenic hydrocarbons.
Unit II Heterocyclic Compounds and Dyes (18 Hours)
Nomenclature. Preparation, properties and reactions of pyrrole, furan, thiophen, pyridine, indole,
quinoline and isoquinoline.
Dyes- Theories of colour and constitution. Classification according to structure and applications.
Preparation and uses of Methyl orange, Bismarck brown, malachite green, phenolphthalein
,fluorescein, indigo and alizarin
Unit III Carbohydrates (18 Hours)
Carbohydrates: Classification. Monosaccharides -Properties and reactions. Structure elucidation
of glucose and fructose. Epimerisation and mutarotation. Ring structure and conformation.
Descending, ascending and inter-conversions of monosaccharides. Determination of ring size.
Disaccharides – Sucrose, maltose and lactose – Structure and properties. (No structure
elucidation).
Polysaccharides- Starch and cellulose. Properties and uses.
Unit IV Alkaloids and Terpenes (18 Hours)
Alkaloids:General methods of isolation. General structure determination. Structural elucidation
of coniine, piperine and nicotine.
Terpenes: Classification. Occurrence. Isolation. General properties. Isoprene rule.
Structuralelucidation of citral and geraniol. Preparation and properties of menthol and alpha-
pinene.
Unit V Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds (18 Hours)
UV-Visible spectroscopy: types of electronic transition. Chromophore, auxochrome.
Bathochromic, hypsochromic, hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts. UV spectrum of
conjugated dienes. Carbonyl compounds. Woodward-Fieser rules applied to conjugated dienes
and ,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Simple examples.
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular vibrations. Finger print region. Characteristic absorption of
functional groups. Interpretation of IR spectra of simple molecules.
NMR Spectrum: Fundamental concepts. Chemical shift. Shielding and de-shielding. Area of
signals. Spin-spin splitting. Coupling constants. Interpretation of PMR spectra of ethyl bromide,
ethanol, acetaldehyde.
TEXT BOOK
Advanced Organic Chemistry. Bahl and Arun Bahl. S. Chand. Chapters 5, 28, 39, 40, 42
and 43. and 51. Revised Edition 2010.
REFERENCE BOOK
Organic Chemistry. Morrison and Boyd. 6th
Edition. Prentice Hall.Chapters 17,28,33,34
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR -625514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR -III YEAR
PART-III SEMESTER-VI
CORE: Paper-10 Industrial Chemistry Subject Code: 12CHC265
Contact Hours per week: 6 Contacts Hours per Semester: 90 Credits: 5
Objectives
1. To study the applications of chemical principles in various industrial manufacturing
processes like petrochemicals, sugar, fertilizers, pesticides and paper industry.
2. The study the principles and importance of green chemistry concepts.
Unit I Petrochemicals (12 Hours)
Crude oil. Constitution and distillation. Composition of different distillates. Ignition point, flash
point and octane number. Cracking. Catalysts used in petroleum industries – structure, selectivity
and applications. Manufacture of synthetic petrol. Bergius and Fischer-Tropsch processes/
Manufacture of petrochemicals – acetaldehyde, acetic acid, phenol, cumene, linear alkyl
benzenes.
Unit II Sugar Industry (12 Hours)
Sugar Industry in India. Sugar cane and sugar beet – manufacture of cane sugar. Extraction of
juice – concentration – separation of crystals – sulphitation and carbonation – testing and
estimation of sugar. Bagasse – use of Bagasse for the manufacture of paper and electricity.
Unit III Fertilisers and Pesticides (12 Hours)
Classification of fertlisers – urea, super phosphate and potassium nitrate. Mixed fertliser –
fertliser industry in India
Insecticides and pesticides – Definition. Classification. Inorganic pesticides. Lead arsenate, Paris
Green, Lime, sulphur, hydrocyanic acid. Organic pesticides – Natural and synthetic. Fungicuides
– Repellants.
Unit IV Paper and Pulp industry (12 Hours)
Introduction. Manufacture of pulp – sulphite pulp, soda pulp and rag pulp. Beating, refining,
filling, sizing and coloring. Manufacture of paper, calendaring.
Unit V Principles of Green Chemistry (12 Hours)
Definition. Need for Green chemistry. Difference between Green Chemistry and Environmental
Chemistry. Waste minimization techniques. 12 principles of green chemistry. One example
illustrating each principle.
Visit to the above industries and submission of report
REFERENCES
1. Chemical Process Industries. Schreve. McGraw Hill
2. Industrial Chemistry. B.K.Sharma. Goel Publishing House (2003)
3. Green Chemistry. An Introductory Text. Royal society of Chemistry (UK) (2002)
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR -III YEAR
PART-III SEMESTER-VI
CORE: Paper-11 Physical Chemistry-II
Subject Code:
Contact Hours per week: 6 Contacts Hours per Semester: 90
Credits: 6
Objectives
1. To study the behavior of ions in solution.
2. To study the principles of pH, buffer solutions and salt hydrolysis.
3. To understand the basics of electrodes, electrode potential and electrochemical cells.
4. To study the theory of spectroscopic techniques- Microwave, IR, Raman, NMR and ESR.
5. To study the basic concepts of group theory.
Unit I Solutions of Electrolytes –Conduction (18 Hours)
Electrolytic conduction. Faradays laws of electrolysis. Specific, equivalent and molar
conductance. Variation of conductance with dilution. Strong and weak electrolytes. Ionic
mobility. Determination of ionic mobilities. Transport number. Determination of transport
number by Hittorf and moving boundary method. Kohlrausch’s law. Applications of
Kohlrausch’s law.
Applications of conductance measurements- conductometric titrations. Ostwald’s dilution law.
Theory of strong electrolytes – Debye-Huckel theory. Onsager equation and its significance.
Unit II Ionic Equilibria (18 Hours)
Ionic product of water. pH of acids and bases. Common ion effect. solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts. Buffer solutions. Derivation of Hendersen equation. Hydrolysis of salts,
Degree of hydrolysis, Hydrolysis constant- salt of weak acid and strong base, salt of strong acid
and weak base, salt of weak acid and weak base. Relationship between Kh,Ka,Kb and Kw
Unit III Electrochemical Cells (18 Hours)
Galvanic cells. Reversible and irreversible cells. Emf and its measurements. Standard cells.
Electrode reactions. Measurement of electrode potentials. Standard electrode potentials. Sign
convention. Reference electrodes – standard hydrogen , calomel and quinhydrone electrodes.
Electrochemical series and its significance.
Concentration cells with and without transference. Liquid junction potentials. Derivation of
Nernst equation for emf of cells.
Applications of emf measurements. Determination of pH using hydrogen, quinhydrone and glass
electrodes. Potentiometric titrations. Applications of concentration cells. Overvoltage.
Unit IV Spectroscopy (18 Hours)
Molecular spectroscopy: Introduction. Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Microwave spectroscopy: Rotation of molecules. Rotational spectrum of simple diatomic
molecules.
IR spectroscopy: Vibration of diatomic molecules. Simple harmonic and anharmonic vibrations.
Characteristic group vibrations.
Raman spectroscopy: Introduction. Molecular polarisability. Selection rules. Mutual exclusion
principle.
Magnetic resonance: Theory of PMR spectroscopy. Instrumentation. Chemical shift and Spin-
spin coupling. CMR - Introduction
EPR Spectroscopy: Basic Idea. Hyperfine splitting. Applications-hydrogen atom, methyl radical
Unit V Group theory (18 Hours)
Symmetry elements and symmetry operations. Illustrations. Products of symmetry operations.
Properties of group-classes and subgroups.
Point groups – Discussion on H2,O2,N2, CO2,H2O,H2S,SO2,BF3,[PtCl4]2-
,Ni(CO)4,PCl5
Group multiplication table - Discussion on NH3 and Water molecules.
TEXT BOOK
Principles of Physical Chemistry. Puri, Sharma and Pathania. Vishal Publishing..Revised
Edition-2013 Chapters 17,18,19,22.
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR 625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For those joined in the Academic year 2012-2013onwards)
PART-III SEMESTER-VI
CORE ELECTIVE-2 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Sub
Code:12CHE163
Contact Hours per week: 4 Contacts Hours per Semester: 60 Credits: 3
Objectives:
To learn the safety methods in the laboratory
To understand the basic principles and procedures in separation and purification of
organic compounds.
To understand the principles involved in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
To know about error analysis and its implications in experiments.
UNIT I Safety in the laboratory and separation Techniques (12 hours)
Storage and handling of chemicals. Toxic and poisonous chemicals. Waste and fume disposal.
Precautions and first-aid procedure. Uses of different glassware. Hazard symbols. Laboratory
safety measures.
General purification techniques. Purification of solid organic compounds. Recrystallisation. Use
of mixed solvents. Use of drying agents and their properties. Sublimation.
Extraction – use of immiscible solvents. Solvent extraction. Soxhlet extraction.
Unit II Chromatographic techniques (12 hours)
Chromatography – Principle of adsorption and partition chromatography.
Column chromatography: Adsorbents. Classification of adsorbents. Solvents. Preparation of
column. Adsorption. Recovery of substances and application.
Thin layer Chromatography: Choice of adsorbent. Choice of solvent. Preparation of
chromatogram. Rf value.
Paper chromatography: Solvent used. Rf value. Factors which affect Rf value. Different types
paper chromatography.
Gas chromatography: Principle. Experimental techniques and application.
Unit III Titrimetric methods of analysis (12Hours)
General principle of titrimetric methods of analysis. Requirements.
Expressing concentration – molarity, molality, normality, Wt%, ppm, milliequivalents (mEq)
and millimoles.
Primary and secondary standards. Criteria for primary standards. Preparation of standard
solution. Standardisation of solutions. Limitations of volumetric analysis. Endpoint and
equivalence point. Acid-base titrations. Indicators. Choice of indicators.
Complexometric titrations: Principle. Titrations involving EDTA- General principle. Metal ion
indicators and characteristics.
Precipitation titrations: Argentometric titrations. Indicators for precipitation titrations involving
silver.Determination of chloride by Volhard’s method. Adsorption indicators.
Unit IV Gravimetric methods of Analysis (12Hours)
Principle of gravimetric analysis. Formation of precipitates. Characteristics of precipitating
agents. Choice of precipitants and conditions of precipitation. Specific and selective precipitants.
DMG, oxine, cupron, cupferron, salicylaldoxime, ethylene diamine. Use of sequestering agents.
Co-precipitation and post precipitation. Precipitation from homogeneous solution.
Unit V Error and analysis of experimental results (12 Hours)
Error analysis. Definition of terms. Absolute and relative error. Precision and accuracy.
Classification of errors. Sources and elimination of errors. Significant figures and computation.
Analysis of experimental results: Graphical method. Curve fitting. Method of least squares.
Text Book
R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan , Elements of Analytical Chemistry, Sultan
Chand & Sons. Chapters 1,4,5,6,8 and 9
Reference Book
David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry. McGraw Hill (2000).
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR -625 514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)
CHEMISTRY MAJOR -III YEAR
PART-IIISEMESTER-VI
CORE: Chemistry Lab -IV Gravimetry and Preparation
Subject Code:
Contact Hours per week: 4 ContactHours per V Semester: 30 Hrs Credits: 3
VI Semester: 30 Hrs
Gravimetric Estimations
1. Estimation of lead as lead chromate
2. Estimation of barium as barium chromate
3. Estimation of calcium as calcium oxalate monohydrate
4. Estimation of copper as CuSCN
Organic preparations
1. Hydrolysis - Acid from an ester/amide
2. Acetylation - Acetanilide from aniline
3. Oxidation - Benzoic acid from benzaldehyde
Inorganic preparations
1. Potash alum (or) Chrome alum
2. Prussian blue
3. Tetraamminecopper(II)sulphate
Text Book
Course material to be provided by the department.
Continuous Internal Assessment (50 Marks)
Sl. No Components Marks
1 Observation Note book
Maintained neatly and regularly
10
2 Results of the practical
25
3 Internal Test 15
TOTAL 50
End-Semester Examination (50 Marks)
Sl.No Components Marks
1 Record Notebook 5
2 Gravimetric Estimation –Procedure 5
3 Estimation-Final Result within the prescribed error limit 20
4 Organic preparation – Final result 15
5 Viva voce 5
TOTAL 50
ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR 625514
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR
(For those joined in the Academic year 2012-2013onwards)
PART-III SEMESTER-VI
Self-Learning Course GEOCHEMISTRY Sub Code: CSL163
Credits: 1
Course Objectives
1. To introduce students to the basic concepts of geochemistry
2. To introduce students to several up-to-date issues which are widely discussed in the fieldof
geochemistry
3. To orient students to the current status of numerous chemical analysis techniques
4. commonly used in the field of geochemistry
5. To provide students with opportunity to discuss about their research topics in terms of
geochemistry
Unit 1: Introduction to Geochemistry
Origin, distribution and cycles of elements in the Earth. Evolution of the ocean and
atmosphere.Introduction to geochemical process in natural waters, sedimentary, igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
Unit 2: Applied Geochemistry
Exploration Geochemistry: distribution of elements in rocks, soils, sediments and other natural
media in relation to mineralisation; application of geochemical techniques to mineral
exploration. Applied Geochemistry: studies emphasising the application of geochemical
principles and techniques to environmental problem solving.
Unit 3: Analytical Geochemistry
Application of chemical and instrumental methods to the analysis of silicate rocks, minerals and
related media; decomposition techniques, analytical quality control and assurance, sampling
problems in geochemistry.
Unit 4: Hydrogeology
Theory of groundwater flow; flow nets, regional groundwater resources evaluation; role of
groundwater in geologic processes; well hydraulics; groundwater chemistry and sources of
contamination.
Unit 5: Introduction to Soil Science
Physical, chemical and biological properties of soils; weathering and soil formation; principles of
identification; classification; nature and distribution of major kinds of soils.
Reference Books:
1. Arthur Brownlow – Geochemistry, 2
nd edition, 1996, Prentice Hall
2. Gunter Faure – Principles and Applications of Geochemistry, 2nd
Edition, 1998
3. Online Textbook: Geochemistry, by William White
(http://www.imwa.info/geochemistry/)
4. Online Lecture Note: Isotope Geochemistry, by William White
(http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/Geo656/656notes03.html)