as 1100 part 501 - structural engineering drawing

AS 1100.501—1985

Australian Standard�

Technical drawing

Part 501: Structural engineeringdrawing

This Australian standard was prepared by Committee MS/32, Technical Drawing. Itwas approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of Australia on29 May 1985 and published on 4 November 1985.

The following interests are represented on Committee MS/32:

Association for Computer Aided Design Limited

Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

Australian Chamber of Commerce

Australian Gas Association

Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia

CSIRO, Division of Applied Physics

Confederation of Australian Industry

Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Victoria

Department of Defence

Department of Defence Support

Department of Housing and Construction

Department of Public Works, New South Wales

Electricity Supply Association of Australia

Institute of Draftsmen Australia

Institution of Engineers Australia

Institution of Production Engineers

Master Builders Federation of Australia

Royal Australian Institute of Architects

Society of Automotive Engineers, Australasia

Telecom Australia

University of Melbourne

University of New South Wales

University of Queensland

The following bodies also participated in the preparation of this standard asmembers of Subcommittee MS/32/3, Structural Drawing:

Australian Institute of Steel Construction Ltd

Concrete Institute of Australia

Department of Technical and Further Education, New South Wales

Forestry Commission of New South Wales

National Association of Australian State Road Authorities

State Electricity Commission of Victoria

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards aresubject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions asnecessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latestedition, and any amendments thereto.

Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards AustraliaCatalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The AustralianStandard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editionsand amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.

Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of StandardsAustralia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standardshould be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 84100.

AS 1100.501—1985

Australian Standard�

Technical drawing

Part 501: Structural engineeringdrawing

First published 1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140

ISBN 0 7262 3843 0

PREFACE

This standard was prepared by the Association’s Committee on Technical Drawing. Itconstitutes Part 501 of a new multi–part standard designated AS 1100, TechnicalDrawing, which supersedes the 13–part standard AS 1100, Drawing Practice.The following Parts have been published:Part 101—General PrinciplesPart 201—Mechanical DrawingPart 401—Engineering Survey and Engineering Survey Design Drawing.Part 301, Architectural Drawing, is being published concurrently with this Part.It was in 1976 that the above committee decided that rather than have a standard ofmany parts it would be better if all aspects of technical drawing were consolidatedinto fewer parts that would embrace the entire discipline.The designation AS 1100 has been retained for this new multi–part standard since itis already well established throughout industry and teaching institutions as theAustralian standard number for technical drawing. However, to identify these neweditions from the previous ones, the designation of 3–digit part numbers has beenemployed.This standard deals with drawing practice for engineering structures. The firstsection deals with the scope of the standard, definitions and classification ofdocuments. The second deals with matters of general application to all drawings.These first two sections, taken together with Part 101 of AS 1100, are intended toprovide a common language for the interdisciplinary communication of informationby means of drawings. Section 3 deals with particular applications, and givesconventions and abbreviations for use on those drawings. It is intended thatreference to Section 3 should only be required for information relating to particularpurposes, such as identification of details concerning a specific structure or material.Consideration must be given to line thickness, symbol height and lettering to ensurethat they are suitable for the drawing scale, sheet size and possible filing method,e.g. microfilm.Supplement No 1 to this standard gives drawings illustrating the use of conventionsspecified in the standard.

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CONTENTS

Page

SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 Scope 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Application 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Referenced Documents 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Definitions 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Classification of Documents 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Legends 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION 2. GENERAL APPLICATIONS

2.1 Dimensioning 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Lines 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Symbols 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Abbreviations 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Identification of Structural Elements 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Information to be Shown on Drawings 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Drawing Scales 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Conventions for Cross Referencing 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION 3. PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS

3.1 General 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Structural Steel 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Timber 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Masonry 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX A. Format for Reinforcement Schedule 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AS 1100.501—1985 4

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

for

TECHNICAL DRAWING

PART 501 —STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DRAWING

SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE. This standard sets out recommendationsfor structural engineering drawing practice. It iscomplementary to AS 1100, Part 101.The types of structures intended to be dealt with by thisstandard are generally those covered by structuraldesign and construction codes, particularly the following:AS 1250 SAA Steel Structures CodeAS 1475 SAA Blockwork CodeAS 1480 SAA Concrete Structures CodeAS 1481 SAA Prestressed Concrete CodeAS 1640 SAA Brickwork CodeAS 1720 SAA Timber Engineering CodeNAASRA Bridge Design SpecificationAREA Manual for Railway Engineering1.2 APPLICATION. The principles given in this standardare intended for adoption by engineers, architects,drafters and builders in both Government authorities andprivate enterprise throughout Australia.The standard is intended as a basis for commonpractice upon which technical organizations canbase their own detailed rules or manuals for thepreparation and presentation of drafting work.The application of this standard may require reference toAS 1100, Parts 201, 301 and 401.1.3 REFERENC ED DOCU MENTS. The followingstandards are referred to in this standard:AS 1100 Technical Drawing

Part 101-1984 General PrinciplesPart 201-1984 Mechanical DrawingPart 301-1985 Architectural DrawingPart 401-1984 Engineering Survey and

Engineering SurveyDesign Drawing

AS 1101 Graphical Symbols for General EngineeringPart 3-Symbols for Welding

AS 1111 ISO Metric Hexagon Commercial Bolts andScrews

AS 1131 Dimensions of Hot-rolled Structural SteelSections

AS 1148 Nomenclature of Commercial TimbersImported into Australia

AS 1163 Structural Steel Hollow SectionsAS 1227 General Requirements for the Supply of

Hot-rolled Steel Plates, Sections, Piling andBars for Structural Purposes

AS 1250 SAA Steel Structures CodeAS 1252 High Strength Steel Bolts with Associated

Nuts and Washers for StructuralEngineering

AS 1302 Steel Reinforcing Bars for ConcreteAS 1304 Hard— drawn Steel Wire Reinforcing Fabric

for ConcreteAS 1480 SAA Concrete Structures Code*AS 1481 SAA Prestressed Concrete Code†AS 1511 SAA High— strength Structural Bolting CodeAS 1554 SAA Structural Steel Welding CodeAS 1720 SAA Timber Engineering CodeAS 2543 Nomenclature of Australian TimbersAS Z5 Welding Terms and Definitions‡AS XXXX SAA Masonry Code§

1.4 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this standard, thedefinitions given in AS 1100, Parts 101 and 301, apply.1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMEN TS.1.5.1 Drawings. The following types of drawing can beidentified for the purposes of document classification:(a) Design layout drawing —a drawing depicting the

size, shape and relationship, as designed, of majorstructural elements.

(b) Design detail drawing— a drawing depicting all theinformation required for the construction, inaccordance with the design, of any given part of astructure or structural element.

(c) Shop detail drawing— a drawing depicting allnecessary information for the fabrication ofstructural elements, and intended for use in aworkshop.

(d) General informationdrawing— a drawing containinginformation required for the understanding of relateddrawings, or for the performance of the workdepicted on them.

(e) Work-as-executed drawing—a drawing depicting astructure or structural element as constructed.

1.5.2 Other documents. Other documents can beidentified as follows:(a) Specification.(b) Schedule.(c) Estimate of quantities.1.6 LEGEND S. Legends shall be provided in respect ofany symbols used for non-conventional representation ofitems, such as:(a) Joints, e.g. construction joint, expansion joint,

contraction joint.(b) Set-out lines.

* In course of revision. In this standard specific reference is made to the 1982 edition.

† In course of revision. To be combined with AS 1480.

‡ In course of revision—see DR 83249.

§ In course of preparation as a combination of — AS 1475, SAA Blockwork CodeAS 1640, SAA Brickwork Code

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5 AS 1100.501—1985

SECTION 2. GENERAL APPLICATIONS

2.1 DIMENSIONING. Units and methods used indimensioning of drawings shall be in accordance withAS 1100, Part 101.

NOTE: See also Clause 2.4 of AS 1100, Part 201. Thisclause may be transferred to Part 101 in future editions.

2.2 LINES.2.2.1 Type of line. A type of line appropriate for eachapplication should be selected from, and used inaccordance with, Table 2.1.2.2.2 Line thickness. Line thicknesses should beselected in accordance with Clause 3.2.1 of AS 1100,Part 101, except that a continuous medium line, ofthickness the same as that of the line of designatingletter F, may also be used (designated M in Table 2.1).

NOTE: A line of thickness less than 0.25 mm is difficult toreproduce, and is not recommended.

2.3 SYMBOLS. The symbols given in AS 1100, Parts101, 301 and 401, should be used to indicate relevantfeatures on drawings prepared for general orcommunication purposes, particularly where drawing toscale is impracticable.Symbols for use in special applications shall be inaccordance with the relevant set of symbols given in theapplicable clause of Section 3.

NOTE: Symbol size and line thickness wil l depend ondrawing size and scale. Symbols given have therefore notbeen dimensioned.

2.4 ABBRE VIATIONS. Abbreviations for use in generalapplications shall be in accordance with AS 1100 Parts101, 301 and 401.See Section 3 for abbreviations for use on particularapplication drawings.2.5 IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURALELEMEN TS.2.5.1 General. Each structural element should belabelled by a discrete reference using a suitablecombination of letters or numbers. This reference maybe by either consecutive numbering or a grid system, orboth.

2.5.2 Consecutive numbering. In a consecutivenumbering system, the reference should comprise aprefix, stem and suffix, as follows:(a) Prefix-the location or floor level of the structural

element. Floor levels may be designated either bysequential levels or traditional storeys (seeTable 2.2.)

(b) Stem-the type of structural element.(c) Suffix-the individual number of the structural

element.Codes for the prefix and stem are given in Table 2.2.The individual number for the structural element (suffix)should be allocated using a consecutive numberingsystem for that type of element.Examples:(i) Fourth floor, beam No 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B 21.(ii) Level 10, slab No 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 S 4.2.5.3 Grid system. (See also Appendix B of AS 1100,Part 301). A grid reference system consists of one set ofgrid-lines in one direction with a second set of grid-linesin another direction. Any grid system shall be consistentthroughout a project, i.e. architectural and engineeringdrawings shall have the same grid orientation.Grid systems are generally used with regularly shapedstructures but grid lines do not necessarily have to be atright-angles to each other. Grid directions should beselected to allow for expansion to accommodate anyanticipated future extension.The project grid may be adopted with a completelyarbitrary orientation, bearing no relation to anyrecognized map grid or True North.It is recommended that, for structural grids, the grid-linesrunning down the sheet be marked alphabetically (A, B,C...) and the grid-lines across the sheet be markednumerically (1, 2, 3...), as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1. EXAMPLE OF GRID NUMBER ING SYSTEM(See Clause 2.5.3)

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AS 1100.501—1985 6

TABLE 2.1LINES AND APPLICATIONS

1 2 3 4

Designatingletter Type of l ine Example of line Application

A Continuous — thick Diagrammatic representation of structuralelement centreline on layout drawings, e.g.beams.

Visible lines and change-in-level linesStructural bolts, e.g. in timberReinforcement where ‘thin’ or ‘medium’concrete outlines are used.

M Continuous — medium Visible outlines, optional, where considerabledetail has to be shown.Intersecting beam outlines in elevations only.Reinforcing bars and fabric where fullydetailed in view shown or concrete outlineswhere ‘thick’ line reinforcement is used.

B Continuous — thin Reinforcement extent lines such as those —across slabs, in plan-viewacross walls, in elevationalong beams or columns for fi tments.

Visible masonry walls including—plan-viewselevations.

Cross-hatching of masonry over.Diagonals across holes or recesses (under orover).Dimension lines and leaders.Welding symbols.Fictiti ous outlines (of parts removed, etc).

C Continuous — thin,drawn

freehand

Breaklines around large areas such as —slabsspecial details to larger scale.

D Continuous — thin,ruled

with zig-zag

Breaklines in individual elements as atsections, etc.

E Dashed— thin Hidden masonry, particularly walls-under.Column strip and middle strip (panel) outlineson plan views.Hatching for masonry under.

F Dashed— medium Hidden outlines of structural or supportingelements.Diagrammatic representations of temporarybracing members or structural elements.Reinforcement indicated in view shown,although fully detailed elsewhere.

G Chain— thin Grid lines.Centre lines.

H Chain— thickat ends andchange of

direction; thinelsewhere

Cutting plane for a section indicatingdirection of view. Where the G-type chainline would conflict with any other line, itshould be omitted, and only the flags andother changes of direction by shown.

(continued)

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7 AS 1100.501—1985

TABLE 2.1 (continued)

TABLE 2.2

CODES FOR CONSECUTIVE NUMBERING SYSTEM - PREFIX AND STEM(see Clause 2.5.2)

2 2 3 4

Prefix Stem

Location or f loor level Code Structural element Code

Sequential Levels

Lowest levelThen in ascending order,e.g. Tenth level

Traditional Storeys

Roof

Second floor, etc

First floor

Mezzanine

Ground floor

Basement

Footing level

1

10

R

2,etc

1

M

G

B

F

Beam

Column

Joist

Lintel

Footing —

∼ beampad ∼raft ∼str ip ∼

Pier (or pedestal)

Pile cap

Portal frame

Rib

Slab

Stair —∼ f light∼ landing

Truss

Wall

Retaining wall

B

C

J

L

FBF

RFSF

P

PC

PF

R

S

FL

T

W

RW

2.5.4 Columns and footings. Columns may beidentified either by—(a) the consecutive numbering system (see Clause

2.5.2); or(b) the intersection of grid-lines at or near the column

(see Clause 2.5.3).Footings should be identified in similar fashion to thecolumns.

2.5.5 Grid marks. Grid marks may be used to assist inthe ready location of a particular dimension or feature ofinterest on a structural drawing. However, such usage isdistinct from element identification by the grid referencesystem, and care should be taken to avoid confusionbetween the markings associated with each.

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AS 1100.501—1985 8

2.6 INFORMA TION TO BE SHOW N ON DRAWINGS.2.6.1 General. Information to be shown on the drawingsshall include any required design information and suchitems as are specified in the respective structural designcodes, or as instructed by the designer.Each drawing should give all the information necessaryfor the construction of the work shown and should omitirrelevant detail. References should be given toassociated drawings for particular details or for showingthe relationship with other components, and toschedules.Information should include datums, referenced topermanent structures or the Australian Height Datum(AHD).Written descriptions on drawings shall be clear andconcise. Instructions should be positive and written in theimperative mood. Special requirements relating toconstruction details should be noted or referenced on thedrawing.Clarity of detailing and dimensioning is essential.2.6.2 General notes. General notes, where provided,should be presented in the format given in Sheet 1 ofSupplement No 1 of this standard, either on a separatedrawing or on the drawings to which they refer.2.6.3 Design layout drawings. Design layout drawingsshould show member sizes and locations.2.7 DRAWING SCALES. Drawing scales shall complywith the requirements of AS 1100, Part 101, Section 5.Different scales on one sheet should be kept to aminimum, with all scales clearly indicated.Drawings should have a minimum scale for details of1:25, to allow for reduction of prints to half-size.2.8 CONVENTIONS FOR CROSS -REFEREN CING.2.8.1 General. The convention for section, detail andelevation cross-references is complementary, i.e. thecross-reference given on the sheet where a section,detail or elevation is taken is complemented by thecross-reference on the associated sheet where thesection, detail or elevation is shown.Examples of section, detail and elevation cross-references are shown in Figs 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4.The following principles apply:(a) The orientation of the reference numbers and letters

should be upright when read looking from the bottom ofthe sheet.(b) The same notation (numbers or letters) should not

be used for both sections and details.(c) The letters I, O and Q should not be used in letter

sequences.(d) Sections, details and elevations should be placed in

their order of designation.(e) Where possible -

(i) plans for the one project should be oriented inthe same way on all drawings;

(ii) sections, details and elevations, particularlyhorizontal sections, should be given the sameorientation as in the main drawing;

(iii) vertical sections should always be drawn erect;(iv) sections should be taken looking from the

bottom of the drawing to the top, or from rightto left; and

(v) for bridges and roadworks, plans andelevations are drawn in the direction ofincreasing chainage from ‘left to right’, andsections should be drawn in the samedirection.

2.8.2 Section cross-reference. A section cross-reference should be shown as in Fig. 2.2. The followingparticulars apply:(a) In the top half of the circle, the number (or letter) is

that of the section itself.(b) In the bottom half of the circle, the following applies,

as appropriate:(i) On the sheet where the section is taken. The

number is that of the associated sheet wherethe section is shown. If it is shown on thesame sheet, a dash (-) is used.

(ii) On the sheet where the section is shown. Thenumber is that of the sheet from which it wastaken. If it is taken from the same sheet, adash (-) is used.

(c) The arrowhead shows the direction of viewing, andthe external line shows the cutting plane.

(d) The circle diameter is -(i) in Fig. 2.2(a) and (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 mm.(ii) in Fig. 2.2(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 mm.

Fig. 2.2 EXAMP LES OF SECTION CROSS-REFERENCE S(See Clause 2.8.2)

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9 AS 1100.501—1985

2.8.3 Detail cross-reference. A detail cross-referenceshould be shown as in Fig. 2.3. The following particularsapply:(a) In the top half of the circle, the letter (or number) is

that of the detail itself.(b) In the bottom half of the circle, the following applies,

as appropriate:(i) On the sheet where the detail is taken. The

number is that of the associated sheet wherethe detail is shown. If it is shown on the samesheet, a dash (-) is used.

(ii) On the sheet where the detail is shown. Thenumber is that of the sheet from which it wastaken. If it is taken on the same sheet, a dash(-) is used.

(c) On the same sheet, an additional arrow on anextended line may be used to show where the detailis drawn. (See Fig. 2.3(b).)

(d) The circle diameter is-(i) in Fig. 2.3 (a) and (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 mm.(ii) in Fig. 2.3 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 mm.

2.8.4 Elevation cross-reference. An elevationcross-reference should be shown as in Fig. 2.4.The circle diameter is-(i) In Fig. 2.4(a) and (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 mm.(ii) In Fig. 2.4(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 mm.

Fig 2.3. EXAMP LES OF DETAIL CROS S-REFERENCES(See Clause 2.8.3)

Fig 2.4. EXAMPLES OF ELEVATION CROS S-REFERENCES(See Clause 2.8.4)

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AS 1100.501—1985 10

SECTION 3. PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS3.1 GENER AL. This Section refers to drawings forstructures, made from particular materials. For compositestructures, discretion should be used in selecting theprovisions applicable to the principal material used in theparticular structure.3.2 REINFORCED AND PRESTRESS EDCONCR ETE.3.2.1 Concrete drawings. Concrete drawings shouldshow clearly the dimensions and shape of the structuralelement or elements depicted. The type, size, shape,extent and location of all reinforcement shall also beclearly shown. Depending on the complexity of theelement, the detail drawing may show both the concreteoutlines and reinforcement on the same view or provideseparate views, or drawings for each.3.2.2 Notation for reinforcement.3.2.2.1 General. Reinforcement shall be specified by thetype and size of bar (see AS 1302) and referencenumber of fabric (see AS 1304). Where a schedule isprepared in conjunction with the drawings, a referencenumber for that schedule should be given on bothschedule and drawing.Reinforcement shall be specified on the view of thestructural element in which the reinforcement will be firstplaced, e.g. where a bar is placed in a slab and extendsinto a wall it must be specified on the plan of the slab.3.2.2.2 Bars. Bar reinforcement shall be specified by thenumber of bars, the type and size, and the spacing ifapplicable. Spacing is normally specified at right anglesto the bar direction and any variation should be fullydetailed, e.g. for skewed bars.One of the following notations may be used:(a) 4-Y24 means four deformed bars of type-size

Y24, e.g. in a beam.(b) 20-Y16-200 means twenty deformed bars of

type-size Y16 at 200 mm spacing, e.g.in a slab.

(c) Y16-200 means deformed bars of type-size Y16at 200 mm spacing, e.g. in a slab, butleaving the number to be calculated byothers.NOTE: This is a non-preferred notation.

(d) 9-R10-300 means nine plain round bars oftype-size R10 spaced at 300 mm, e.g.stirrups in a column.

For complex structures it may be necessary to specifythe mark number, type, size, shape, location and alsothe number of bars or the bar spacing, or both, asappropriate.

NOTE: See Supplement No 1.Each set of ‘identical’ bars in a structure should be giventhe same bar mark number.A group of bars in the same placing zone may beregarded as being ‘identical’ if they have the same type,size and bent shape. They can however have a varyinglength if supplied in a set for a tapered section.3.2.2.3 Fabric. The designation for reinforcing fabricshall be as given in AS 1304. Where a standard fabric isused, the reference number of the fabric shall be stated,e.g. F918.3.2.2.4 Information for placing. Sufficient informationshall be provided to enable the reinforcement to beplaced in its correct location, preferably without the needfor an excessive number of cross-sections. Theabbreviations given in Table 3.1 may be used to conveyplacing information. The abbreviation should be usedfollowing the notation of bar number, size and/orspacing, or fabric designation, or as a special noteapplicable to the relevant detail. For example:

(a) F918B signifies that fabric F918 is placed in thebottom of the slab.

(b) 20-Y16-200T signifies that 20 bars of Y16 areplaced at 200 mm centres in the top of the slab.

TABLE 3.1ABBREVIATIONS FOR REINFORCEMEN T

PLACING INFORMATION

Placing information Abbreviation

Bottom faceCentrally placedTop faceEach wayEach faceNear face*Far face*Internal faceExternal faceHorizontalVert ical

BCENTRALTEWEFNFFFINTFEXTFHORIZVERT

* The direction of viewing should be carefully defined.

Where more than one layer of reinforcement is used inone face, additional information should be given to defineeach layer and its relative position and direction.The drawing shall state the required clear cover to thereinforcement for each structural element. This may bedone with a general note where the cover is uniform forall the structural elements or by means of a dimensionon the element concerned.

NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for symbols and multip lelayers.

3.2.3 Reinforcement schedules. Schedules provide thenecessary information for the fabricator to produce thereinforcement. They must therefore contain all thenecessary information to allow each piece of reinforcingsteel to be cut, bent, bundled, identified and located bythe reinforcement fixer.Reinforcement schedules may be incorporated in thedrawings, or provided on separate schedules.Diagrams of suggested bending shapes forreinforcement are given in Table 3.2 for use with atabulated format of a schedule (see Appendix A).The scheduled length may be calculated as the sum ofthe individual out-to-out dimensions ‘A’, ‘B’, etc., of thebar shape as defined in Table 3.2, to which must beadded the 180-degree hook or 90-degree cog allowancefrom Table G5, Appendix G, of AS 1480-1982, if suchare required. Any adjustment for a change in lengtharound a bend other than a hook or cog may be madebefore the bar is cut from a stock length.3.2.4 Notation for prestressing. The applications ofprestressed concrete construction are diverse but themethods of detailing vary little from those used forreinforced concrete except in the delineation of mainstressing tendons.In post-tensioned prestressed concrete work the tendonsand ducts may be required to conform to predeterminedcurves, usually parabolic or a combination of parabolas.Detail drawings should provide sufficient information toenable the tendons to be accurately placed.Various types of stressing tendons are in use, each typehaving its special form of end anchorage.Particular care is required in detailing the endanchorages and anchorage blocks.

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11 AS 1100.501—1985

Pre-tensioned prestressed concrete units are usuallyconstructed using a number of tendons tensioned on aspecial prestressing bed.No special detailing is required for this form ofconstruction, but correct reinforcement, spacing andspecial details should be shown or noted in the drawing.In addition to the notes on concrete strengths, type ofnormal reinforcing steel (if any) and type of prestressingtendons and methods of tensioning, further notes shouldgive details of the points to be used for lifting, handlingand stacking the units.Design information to be given in notes on the drawingsshould include all details required for construction of theelement including the stressing force and sequence ofstressing (see AS 1480 and AS 1481).

NOTE: See Supplement No 1.

3.2.5 Slab reinforcement.3.2.5.1 Bars. For bars, one bar should be drawn in the

direction in which it is laid in the placing zone and thewidth or extent of that zone is shown by the extent line,generally perpendicular to the bar axis (see Fig. 3.1).The intersection of bar and extent line should beindicated by a circle or a dot.Spacing is measured along the extent line.3.2.5.2 Rectangular fabrics. For rectangular fabrics, thedirection of the main (closer spaced) wires should bedrawn as in Fig. 3.2. The extent line shows the coverageof the slab by the fabric.3.2.5.3 Square fabrics. A similar method to rectangularfabrics may be used for square fabrics. However,provided that the sheet will cover the span without laps,no differentiation between wires is needed. (SeeFig. 3.3.)In large areas where one layer of fabric is used, themethod shown in Fig. 3.4 may be adopted, provided thatconfusion with other reinforcement does not occur.

Fig. 3.1 BAR REINFORCE MENT(See Clause 3.2.5.1)

NOTE: See also Supplement No 1.

Fig. 3.3. SQUARE FABRIC(See Clause 3.2.5.3)

Fig. 3.2. RECTANGULAR FABRIC(See Clause 3.2.5.2)

Fig. 3.4 SIMPLIFIED DETAILING FOR FABRIC(See Clause 3.2.5.3)

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AS 1100.501—1985 12

TABLE 3.2

BAR BENDING SHAPE S (see Clause 3.2.3)FIRST PREFEREN CE BAR BENDING SHAPE S

NOTES: 1. All dimensions are to intersection of straight portions at the outside of all types of bends.2. ‘L’ is the sum of the individual out-to-out dimensions ‘A’, ‘B’, etc.

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13 AS 1100.501—1985


SECOND PREFERENC EBAR BENDING SHAP ES

NOTES: 1. All dimensions are to intersection of straight portions except where shown.2. First preference shapes with hooks and cogs are to be included here.

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AS 1100.501—1985 14

3.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL.3.3.1 Design layout drawings. Structural elementsshould be shown on design layout drawings by acontinuous thick line in accordance with designatingletter A, Table 2.1. Light sections such as purlins may beshown in thinner lines.

NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.

The drawings should clearly show the total structureincluding the disposition of members and all dimensionsnecessary to define their position relative to each otherand the total structure.Member sizes and identifying mark numbers should beshown preferably by means of a member schedule, oralternatively by designation immediately adjacent to themember on the drawing.


Connections should be indicated by type and designationof a standard connection where possible. Non-standardor special connections should be clearly crossreferenced to the appropriate design detail drawing (seeClause 2.8).3.3.2 Design detail drawings. The design detaildrawings should communicate all of the designer’sintentions with the possible exception of itemsadequately covered in the specification, or by a standarddetail or connection. These drawings should show thesizes of structural members, and should be set out sothat all views represent those seen when making thecomponent. In practice, angles and channels are markedout on the outer surfaces and are therefore better drawnshowing these views.Where a design detail, e.g. a truss, is symmetrical aboutthe centre line, one half only need be detailed andannotated ‘symmetr ical about centre- l ine’ .Opposite-hand noting should be used with caution,and only if the component is opposite-hand in allrespects.The annotation for ‘opposite hand’ elements should benoted specifically in the same way as with symmetricalitems, e.g.-Truss, Mark T1-As shownTruss, Mark T2-Opp. hand

General notes should be provided for details of itemssuch as steel strength and grade; weld size, type andelectrodes; bolt sizes and grades; surface treatment andprotective coating; and any special fasteners.Unless standard connections are used, the drawingsshould include details of all connections.3.3.3 Shop detail drawings. The shop detail drawingsshould illustrate each element of the structural framewhich will be fabricated as an individual unit in the shop.Separate views as necessary to fully describe anddimension the unit are to be shown. In addition, the shopdetail drawing should carry symbols identifying eachpiece which is required to make up the particular unitand these symbols linked to a total material descriptionin a material list.To facilitate erection, the shop detail drawings shouldalso clearly show location notes, e.g. ‘top’, ‘north’.The drawings should also include details of steelstrength and grade; weld size, type and electrodes; boltsizes and grades; surface treatment and protectivecoating; and any special fasteners.


3.3.4 Designation of steel elements. Designation ofsteel elements shall comply with AS 1131 and AS 1163.Table 3.3 indicates appropriate designations.The dimensions of rolled steel sections and structuralhollow sections may vary due to rolling tolerances asdefined in AS 1227 and AS 1163 respectively. Whereconnections or other details are dimensioned, the closingdimensions should be omitted to allow for the variationwhich may occur.3.3.5 Designation of welds and fasteners.3.3.5.1 Welds. Symbols for welding shall comply withAS 1101, Part 3, and welding terms with AS Z5.Where structures are built to AS 1250, weld details shallbe in accordance with categories given in AS 1554 andshould include the strength grade of electrodes.


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15 AS 1100.501—1985

TABLE 3.3DESIGNATION OF STEEL ELEMENTS (See Clause 3.3.4)

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AS 1100.501—1985 16


NOTES:1. Unless otherwise stated, dimensions are in millimetres.2. Dimensions for the universal beam, universal column and cold formed purlins are nominal dimensions.3. Nominal depth may vary appreciably from actual depth, D, which can be ascertained from AS 1131.

Actual mass can also be determined from AS 1131. For example, for 200 UB 25, actual depth =203 mm; actual mass = 25.4 kg/m.

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17 AS 1100.501—1985

TABLE 3.4BOLTING PROCEDURE DESIGNATION FOR COMMERCIAL AND HIGH STRENGTH

STRUCTURAL BOLTS (See Clause 3.3.5.2)

Bolting proceduredesignation Bolt name

Nominaltensile

strengthMPa

Nominalyield

strengthMPa

Standard

4.6/S (see Note 1) Commercial 400 240 AS 1111

8.8/S (see Note 2)8.8/TF (see Note 3)8.8/TB (see Note 3)

High strength structuralHigh strength structuralHigh strength structural

800800800

640640640

AS 1252AS 1252AS 1252

NOTES:1. Bolting procedure 4.6/S refers to commercial bolts of property class 4.6 conforming to AS

1111, tightened using a standard wrench to a ‘snug-tight’ condition.2. Bolting procedure designation 8.8/S refers to any bolt of property class 8.8, tightened using a

standard wrench to a ‘snug-tight’ condition. Essentially, these bolts are used as higher gradecommercial bolts in order to increase the capacity of certain connection types. In practice, theywil l normally be high strength structural bolts of property class 8.8 to AS 1252.

3. Bolting procedure designations 8.8/TF and 8.8/TB (or 8.8/T when referring generally to bothtypes of bolt) refer specifically to high strength structural bolts of property class 8.8 conformingto AS 1252, fully tensioned in a controlled manner to the requirements of AS 1511.

4. For further information, see Australian Institute of Steel Construction documents ‘Bolting ofSteel Structures’ and ‘Standardized Structural Connections’.

3.3.5.2 Bolts and bolting procedure. Bolt size andproperty class should be nominated on design detail andshop detail drawings, as appropriate.The bolting procedure is shown by designation whichcomprises—(a) the property class of the bolt, i.e. 4.6 or 8.8, in

accordance with AS 1111 or AS 1252 respectively;(b) the tensioning of the bolt in accordance with

AS 1511, i.e. S for ‘snug tight’; T for full tensioning;and

(c) where appropriate, the type of joint, i.e. F for frictionjoint; B for bearing joint.

Table 3.4 gives the bolting procedure designation forcommercial and high strength structural bolts, togetherwith their associated standard, nominal tensile strengthand nominal yield strength.3.3.5.3 Special fasteners. On design detail drawing,other fasteners such as masonry anchors should beshown, with the specified safe working load or otherspecifications given by the designer.Full details of such anchorages should be shown onshop detail drawings.3.4 TIMBER.3.4.1 Design layout drawings. Structural elementsshould be shown on design layout drawings by means ofcontinuous thick lines drawn in accordance withdesignating letter A, Table 2.1.

NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.The drawings should clearly show the total structureincluding the disposition of members and all dimensionsnecessary to define their position relative to each otherand the total structure.Member sizes and identifying mark numbers should beshown, preferably by means of a member schedule, oralternatively by designation immediately adjacent to themember on the drawing.

NOTE: See Supplement No 1 for examples.Connections should be indicated by type and designationof a standard connection where possible. Non-standardor special connections should be clearlycross-referenced to the appropriate design detail drawing(see Clause 2.8).3.4.2 Design detail drawings. The design detaildrawings should communicate all of the designer’sintentions with the possible exception of itemsadequately covered in the specification or by a standard

detail or connection. The drawings should be set out sothat all views represent those seen when making thecomponent.Where a design detail, e.g. a truss, is symmetrical aboutthe centre-line, one half only need be detailed andannotated ‘symmetr ical about centre- l ine’ .Opposite-hand noting should be used with caution,and only if the component is opposite-hand in allrespects.The annotation for ‘opposite hand’ elements should benoted specifically in the same way as with symmetricalitems, e.g.-Truss, Mark T1-As shownTruss, Mark T2-Opp. handGeneral notes should be provided to give details of itemssuch as grade of timber, whether seasoned orunseasoned: whether sizes are nominal or minimum (seeNote 2); bolt sizes and grades; surface treatment andprotective coating; and any special fasteners.The drawings should also include details of allconnections, unless separate drawings are prepared, orstandard connection details are used.

NOTES:1. For structural members, timber sections should be

designated by the minimum sizes.2. Some types of timber are ‘scant cut’, such that the

nominal size includes the width of the saw cut necessaryto produce that size.

3.4.3 Shop detail drawings. The shop detail drawingsshould illustrate each element of the structural framewhich will be fabricated as an individual unit in the shop.Separate views as necessary to fully describe anddimension the unit are to be shown. In addition, the shopdetail drawing should carry symbols identifying eachpiece which is required to make up the particular unitand these symbols linked to a total material descriptionin a material list.To facilitate erection, the shop detail drawings shouldalso clearly show location notes, e.g. ‘top’, ‘north’.The drawings should also include details of grade oftimber; bolt sizes and grades; surface treatment andprotective coating; and any special fasteners.


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AS 1100.501—1985 18

TABLE 3.5CONVENTIONALREPRE SENTATIONOF VIEWS AND SECTIONS OF

TIMBER MEMBERS (See Clause 3.3.4)

3.4.4 Conventional representation of timber. Therepresentation of timber on design layout and designdetail drawings shall comply with Table 5.1 of AS 1100,Part 301, and Table 3.5 herein.The appropriate stress grade, joint group and durabilityclass, as given in AS 1720, should be specified, ratherthan reference to specific species and grade names.In special situations it may be necessary to nominate aparticular species, in which case the standard tradename should be used in accordance with AS 1148 forimported timbers and AS 2543 for Australian timbers.3.4.5 Conventional representation of fasteners andconnectors. The representation of fasteners andconnectors on design layout and detail drawings shall bein accordance with Tables 3.6 and 3.7 respectively.Detailed information shall be provided by means of notesor detail drawings, indicating the size, number andlocation of fasteners or connectors. Fasteners orconnectors not shown in Tables 3.6 and 3.7 shall bedrawn out in detail on the design detail drawingconcerned.3.5 MASONRY3.5.1 Masonry drawings. A masonry drawing shouldshow clearly the dimensions and shape of the structuralelement or elements depicted. These may be shown bycontinuous thick lines drawn in accordance withdesignating letter A, Table 2.1. The type, size, shape,extent and location of any reinforcement shall also beclearly shown.

NOTE: See also AS XXXX for informat ion to be shown ondrawings.

3.5.2 Conventional representation. The representationof masonry on drawings shall comply with Table 5.1 ofAS 1100, Part 301.Wall thicknesses should be designated by one of thefollowing methods, as appropriate:(a) The manufacturing dimension of the units or

appropriate multiples of it plus the appropriatenumber of 10 mm joints; e.g. 110, 230, 350 or 90,190, 290 mm.

(b) Multiples (or half-multiples where applicable) of thecoordinating dimension, where units of modulardimension are used in association with theCoordinated Dimensional System.

3.5.3 Reinforcement. Drawings for reinforced masonryshould, as far as possible, follow the methods given inClause 3.2.3.5.4 Special fasteners. Where masonry anchors areused to make a connection to masonry, the type ofmasonry unit and fastener shall be shown.

NOTE Some types of masonry are unsuitable for certaintypes of anchor e.g.:(a) Extruded perforated bricks are unsuitable for expanding

or chemical anchors.(b) Hollow blocks are unsuitable for explosive powered

fasteners and expanding or chemical anchors.

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19 AS 1100.501—1985

TABLE 3.6CONVENTIONALREPRE SENTATIONOF FASTENERS (See Clause 3.4.5)

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AS 1100.501—1985 20

TABLE 3.7CONVENTIONALREPRE SENTATIONOF CONNE CTORS (See Clause 3.4.5)

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21 AS 1100.501—1985

APPENDIX A

FORMAT FOR REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEfor use with First and Second PreferenceBar Bending Shapes given in Table 3.2

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