asap v: protecting infrastructure against cbrn threats · the asap v integrates products from the...
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RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 1
ASAP V: Protecting Infrastructure Against CBRN Threats
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 2
ASAP V Multi-Threat Infrastructure Systems
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 3
ASAP V Monitors for all CBRN Threats
ASAP V is designed for monitoring subways, railway and bus stations, airports, large buildings, mail processing rooms, classrooms, etc.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 4
Multi-Threat Detection/Identification
The ASAP V integrates products from the world’s best counter-terrorism equipment companies.
The system components are electronically linked through a PC-based command and control software package that allows the user to monitor and control the subsystems either separately or as a group.
Sensors and analytical equipment are interconnected using a GUI setup interface, and multi-level processes such as detection, collection, and analysis are automatically performed when a threat is detected.
The systems are designed for continuous, 24 hour operation, 365 days per year with minimal maintenance.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 5
ASAP V Block Diagram: Subsystems & Interconnections
High volume primary sampling loop
Individual detectors tap into this stream
Detectors are monitored by a dedicated internal computer
Remote communication by Ethernet link or wireless
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 6
Customer-Specific System Configuration
It is not necessary to select all detection options Modular design allows customer-specific selection of
threats to be monitored. Many modules can be connected wirelessly to the main unit.
System cost is more flexible In most cases, additional threat monitoring modes may be
added later. System physical shape may be customized depending on
specifics of application: – Box-like structure that connects into ventilation system,
preferably to the monitored space’s return air line; – Functionality hidden in a large video sign, under counter-top,
etc. – Architecturally-pleasing structure for public area
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 7
Sectional View showing Typical ASAP V System Design for Public Areas
Air deflector
Impeller fan
SASS 4000 modified for this configuration
Electronic control and detection equipment
Perforations in column covers for air sample inlet
Interior photo with access door opened
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 8
Typical CBRN Capabilities & Response Times
Toxic chemicals and chemical warfare agents
– Less than 10 seconds Biological aerosol detection
– 60 seconds Biological aerosol collection
– Collection time set by user Radioisotopes and SNMs
– Less than 2 seconds Radiological aerosol collection
– Collection time set by user
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 9
Large-Area Gas and Aerosol Sampling Specialists
Many threat detectors have very short reaction times, but overall system response time is almost always dominated by the time needed for a threat agent to reach the sensor.
Research International specializes in the sampling of large spaces and uses 3D computational fluid dynamics to:
– Create favorable external air circulation patterns; and – Provide uniform and fast threat detection over a monitored area
Radial airflow pattern: column-style ASAP V at the center of a large room
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 10
Airfoil Sampling Heads
Very large amounts of air are being sampled by the ASAP V. Most chemical and biological detectors sample at very low rates of about 1 liter/minute.
It is important to apportion this flow effectively among the different sensors and get a good statistical sampling of the entire incoming air flow.
Twelve airfoil-shaped structures direct particles and gases into sampling slots that extend the full height of the incoming air flow, providing effective sampling of all incoming air.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 11
ASAP V Rotating Stage Provides Uniform and Continuous Gas/Aerosol Sampling From all Directions
Rotating multi-element airfoil sampler- Video clip
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 12
ASAP V Sensors
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 13
Toxic Chemical Detectors
There are perhaps thousands of chemicals that could be used by terrorists.
One class are the conventional chemical warfare agents.
A second class consists of those chemicals that are both toxic and commonly used in industry.
A third class are combustible gases- not toxic, but potentially very dangerous.
The ASAP V monitors for all these threats by using multiple gas detection technologies.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 14
Chemicals Generally Considered to be Warfare Agents
Chemical warfare agents are used to incapacitate, injure or kill at very small air concentrations. About 70 chemicals have been used in this way. The Table below lists the more common chemical warfare agents.
Chemicals Often used as Chemical Warfare Agents Class of Agent
Type/IDLH (mg/m3)
Symptoms Effects Rate of Action
Nerve GA/0.1 GB/0.1 GD/0.05 GF/0.05 VX/0.003
Difficulty breathing, sweating, drooling, convulsions, dimming of vision.
Incapacitates at low concentrations. Kills in sufficient dosage. VX is persistent and a contact hazard. The other agents are non-persistent and present an inhalation hazard.
Vapors: seconds to minutes Skin: 2 to 18 hours
Blood AC/55.0 CK/10.0
Rapid breathing, convulsions, and coma
Kills in sufficient dosage. Non-persistent and an inhalation hazard.
Immediate
Blister HD/0.07 HN/7.0 HL/0.003 L/0.003
No early symptoms. Searing/stinging of eyes and skin.
Blisters delayed hours to days; eyes and lungs affected more rapidly. Immediate pain, delayed blisters. Persistent and a contact hazard
Vapors: 4 to 6 hours Skin: 2-48 hours
Choking CG(phosgene)/8.1 DP(diphosgene)/16.
Difficulty breathing; tearing of the eyes
Damages and floods lungs. Death can result. Non-persistent and an inhalation hazard.
Immediate to 3 hours
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 15
Detector For Chemical Warfare Agents
Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS): Optional small device suppliers include Owlstone, Smiths Detection and Bruker.
New technologies can identify all standard chemical warfare agents from the previously shown Table and many Toxic Industrial Chemicals simultaneously.
New devices offer features such as reduced size and power consumption, positive and negative ion detection, and elimination of radiation source.
Only consumable is a water absorbing cartridge with a 200 hour typical life.
Maintenance protocols must be followed for optimal performance.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 16
Toxic Industrial Chemicals
With consideration of toxicity, availability, volumetric poisoning efficiency and vapor pressure, industrial chemicals can be ranked in terms of their overall favorability for use by terrorists.
Such an analysis provides a logical way to anticipate and plan for the most likely threats.
Top Threats Based on a Ranking of NATO-Designated Dangerous Chemicals
Rank TIC IDLH (ppm)
World Production (Millions of metric tons)
Gas Pressure (Atm. at 20C)
IDLH multiplier for 1 liter of TIC into 1000
m3 volume of air 1 Chlorine 10 62.8 6.7 48.3 2 Hydrogen chloride 50 20. 40 19.7 3 Sulfur dioxide 100 >100. 3.35 5.2 4 Ammonia 300 131. 8.8 2.9 5 Phosgene 2 3.0 1.55 174 6 Hydrogen fluoride 30 1.0 1.06 38.7 7 Hydrogen cyanide 50 1.1 0.82 12.2 8 Arsine 3 No data-small 14.8 128 9 WF6 0.53 No data-small 1.16 546 10 Boron trichloride 25 No data-small 1.35 11.1 11 Nitric acid (2) 25 50-60 0.066 23.1 12 Sulfuric acid (2) 3.7 180. <0.001 122 13 Hydrogen sulfide 100 Small-90% natural 17.9 5.5 14 Ethylene oxide 800 19. 1.4 0.60 15 Formaldehyde (2) 20 8.7 0.26 32.5 16 PCl3 (2) 25 0.33 0.13 11.0 17 Carbon disulfide 500 1.8 0.40 0.8 18 Diborane 15 No data-small 10 (1) 0.66 19 Fluorine 25 <0.01 est. 10 (1) 0.4 20 Boron trifluoride 25 No data-small 10 (1) 0.4 21 Hydrogen bromide 30 No data-small 10 (1) 0.34
Based on NATO International Task Force 25 (ITF-25) Report, “Hazard for Industrial Chemicals: Reconnaissance of Industrial Hazards. “
1) For gases above their critical point at 20C, 1 liter of each gas at 10 atmospheres was assumed. 2) Requires explosive charge or atomizing device for effective use
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 17
Detector for Hazardous Industrial Chemicals
A 6-gas electrochemical gas detector array with microprocessor-based electronics is also installed.
This proprietary OEM system is designed and manufactured to RI Specifications by a Chinese supplier.
1 second update rate. 10 second alarm response to
step change in gas level Quantitative calibrated output,
comparable sensitivity to IMS Operating range: -30° to 60°C. Typical cell life of 2 to 3 years.
Electrochemical cell with transmitter electronics
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 18
Current Electrochemical Gas Detectors Offered
A 0-100% LEL combustible gas sensor is also available with1% resolution. IDLH means “Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health.”
Rank Toxic Industrial Chemical (TIC) Resolution (% of IDLH)
IDLH (ppm)
1 Chlorine 1.% 10ppm
2 Hydrogen chloride 0.2 50
3 Sulfur dioxide 0.5 100
4 Ammonia 0.67 300
5 Phosgene 1. 2
6 Hydrogen fluoride 0.33 30
7 Hydrogen cyanide 0.4 50
8 Arsine 1. 3
11 Nitric acid (2)/(NO2) 0.5 25/(20)
13 Hydrogen sulfide 0.1 100
14 Ethylene oxide 0.013 800
18 Diborane 0.2 15
19 Fluorine 0.08 25
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 19
ASAP V Explosives Vapor Detector
Mobile Trace System (Morpho Detection)
Installed in secondary sampling circuit
Detects Explosives (and Narcotics, optional) in seconds
Advanced user interface with a wide range of capabilities
Only consumable is a filter replaced monthly
However, daily, weekly and monthly maintenance protocols must be followed for optimal performance
Portable version shown above
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 20
Gas Detection: Oracle™ Long Baseline Spectrometer
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 21
Remote Wireless Oracle with Video
In many cases it is preferable to mount the Oracle module away from the main ASAP V unit
This location may be at a subway entrance or along a train track.
Wireless data communication allows versatile placement
A video or thermal camera may also be added.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 22
Current Hazardous Gas Library
Toxic Industrial Chemicals
Chemical Warfare Agents Industrial Materials
• Ammonia • Chloroethane • Diborane • Ethylene Oxide • Formaldehyde • Hydrogen Bromide • Hydrogen Chloride • Hydrogen Cyanide • Hydrogen Sulfide • Phosgene • Vinyl Chloride • Propylene • Carbonyl Sulfide • Acrylonitrile • And many more
• AC (Hydrogen Cyanide) • CG (Phosgene) • GA (Tabun) • GB (Sarin) • GD (Soman) • GF (Cyclo-Sarin) • L (Lewisite) • SA (Arsine) • VX
• Aqueous ammonia cleaner • IsoClean • Stainless steel cleaner • Propane • Butane • Natural gas • Carbon Dioxide • DMMP • DIMP • Methyl Salicylate • FM-200 (Heptaflouropropane) • Sulfur Hexaflouride • Various alcohols and solvents • Diesel and Gasoline exhaust
Chemical detection and identification well below IDLH Wide dynamic range of concentration Automatic background adjustment
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 23
Bioaerosol Trigger: TacBio™
Developed by the U.S. Army, licensed to RI in 2010
Detects and triggers in the presence of respirable biological aerosols
Senses the natural fluorescence of these aerosols UV LED based; 20,000 to 30,000 hour source life;
stable operation to 85C Electro-optics is based on photon counting;
minimal calibration drift 1 LPM air collection rate Communication: RS-232 or wireless Removable SD memory card - 5 year data
capacity Can be used to control RI air samplers 24+ hour operation with battery 8.8 pounds (4 kg)
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 24
Bioaerosol Identification
Biodetection and identification may use filter sampling and simple assay strips.
Automated bioassay instrumentation is also supported: Research International’s Raptor™ & BioHawk™ wet assay systems.
U.S. export restrictions may apply for some equipment and methods.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 25
Radiological Detection
Installed at access door or other foot traffic pinch-point.
An optional module detects radioactive particulates in sampled air.
Devices detect in real-time (Less than 2 seconds).
Identification and classification of neutron and gamma radiation sources.
Russian-made products.
Currently also being installed separately in Russian subways.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 26
Example Installation: Russian Federation
Kazan, Tatarstan. 30,000 liter/minute circulation rate. 0.9m diameter and 4m high. Circumferential air inlet zone at
1.5m height; air is radially discharged at 4m height.
Exterior surface has swirl pattern for pleasing look.
800 watts electric power. Internet connected; can be
accessed and controlled from anywhere in the world.
RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 27
Research International, Inc.
17161 Beaton Road SE Monroe, WA 98272-1034
Phone: 360-805-4930 • Toll Free: 1-800-927-7831 www.resrchintl.com • [email protected]