asclepias syriaca serbia.pdf

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The EPPO Prioritization Process for Asclepias syriaca L. for Vojvodina, autonomous province of Serbia EPPO training course 08-11/07/2013 -Belgrade, SR

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Page 1: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

The EPPO Prioritization Process for

Asclepias syriaca L.for Vojvodina, autonomous province of Serbia

EPPO training course 08-11/07/2013 -Belgrade, SR

Page 2: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

Taxonomic position:

Magnoliopsida, Asclepidiaceae

Synonyms (www.cabi.org):

Asclepias cornuti Decne

Asclepias intermedia Vail.

Asclepias kansana Vail.

Asclepias syriaca L. var. kansana(Vail) Palmer & Steyerm

Asclepias tomentosum Opiz

Common name (EN): Common milweed

EPPO code: ASCSY

Page 3: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

A.1 - Is the plant species known to be alien in the area

under assessment?

Yes

Asclepias syriaca is native to North America and some areas of Canada

Distribution of Asclepias

syriaca in the USA and

Canada

Page 4: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

A.2 - Is the plant species established in at least a part of

the area under assessment?

Yes

According to Vrbničanin et al. (2008) plant is established in

Bačka (west area of Vojvodina), and north part of Banat (east

area of Vojvodina).

Page 5: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

A.5 - How high is the spread potential of the plant in the

area under assessment?

High

Level of uncertainty: low

Seeds are spread by traffic vehicles, by the wind, which

catches the fluffy part and carries the seed for long distances.

Plant can spread quickly underground as well, by rhizomes.

Parts of the rhizome is spread by human activities like

movement of soils, or dispersed by farm machinery. Asclepias

syriaca occurs along the ponds and waterways, so there is

possibility to spread by water (Wyatt et al. 1996; Wyatt et al.

1993).

Page 6: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

A.6 - How high is the potential negative impact of the

plant on native species, habitats and ecosystems in the

area under assessment?

Medium

Level of uncertainty: low

Asclepias syriaca can be found

along roadsides, railways, along

the banks and flood plains of

lakes, where it forms large,

dense, persistent populations,

but it is not high competitor,

especially for light and soil

resources like water and

nutrients (Evetts and Burnside

1975).

Page 7: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

A.7 - How high is the potential negative impact of the plant

on agriculture, horticulture or forestry in the area under

assessment?

High

Level of uncertainty: low

In the region of Vojvodina, Asclepias syriaca is less common in

arable areas, but in the Subotica-Horgoš sands (north part of

Vojvodina) plant was identified in both reclaimed and

abandoned orchards and vineyards on sandy terrain and the

arable land in the crop of spring barley, sunflower and rapeseed

which has made tremendous damage (Dolmagić, 2010).

Page 8: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

A.8 - How high are the potential additional impacts (e.g.

on animal and human health, on infrastructures, on

recreational activities, other trade related impacts such

as market losses)?

High

Level of uncertainty: low

The entire plant is considered

poisonous. Turkey, chickens, sheep,

goats, cattle, and horses are susceptible

to milkweed toxins. Humans can also be

poisoned by the plants. Asclepias

syriaca is also allergenic weed species

and their milky sap can cause contact

dermatitis to people with sensitive skin

(Konstantinović et al. 2009; Anderson

1999).

Page 9: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

According to the ratings provided, the assessed species falls into the:

- List of invasive alien plants

Page 10: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

B.1 - Is the plant species internationally traded or are

there other existing or potential international pathways?

Yes

Asclepias syriaca flower is a good source of honey for bees

(Bhowmik and Bandeen, 1976), and it is believed that

beekeepers are doing uncontrolled trade of seeds from

neighbouring countries.

Page 11: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

B.2 - Is the risk of introduction by these international

pathways identified to be superior to natural spread?

Yes

International trade of Asclepias syriaca seeds and its

deliberate seeding by beekeepers is more influential on

species spread than natural one, because plat species is

not high competitor.

B.3 - Does the plant species still have a significant area

suitable for further spread in the area under assessment?

Small area suitable for further spread

Research result of Asclepias syriaca distribution in Vojvodina

(Vrbničanin et al. 2008), show that more than 40% of the

potential suitable area is already occupied.

Page 12: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

Outcome of the second part:

A PRA is not considered a priority.

Page 13: Asclepias syriaca SERBIA.pdf

• Anderson,W.P. (1999) Perennial Weeds: Characteristics and identifications of selected herbaceous species. Iowa State University

Press.

• Bhowmik, P.C., Bandeen, J.D. (1976) The biology of Canadian weeds. 19. Asclepias syriaca L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 56, 579-589.

• Dolmagić, A. (2010) Preliminarna ispitivanja o mogućnosti suzbijanja ciganskog perja (Asclepias syriaca L.) - u usevu soje, Biljni lekar,

38, 1, 42-49.

• Evetts, L. (1977) Common milkweed--the problem. Proc. Annu. Meet. North. Cent. Weed Contr. Conf. 32:96-99.

• Evetts, L. L. and O. C. Burnside. (1975) Effect of early competition on growth of common milkweed. Weed Science journal. 23, 1-3.

• Igić, R., Boža, P., Anačkov, G., Vukov, D., Polić, D., Borišev, M. (2003) Asclepias syriaca L. (cigansko perje) u flori Vojvodine. Zbornik

radova Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta, serija za biologiju, Novi Sad, 31-32, 26-32.

• Konstantinović B., Meseldžija ., Konstantinvić, Bo., Mandić, N ., Korać, M. (2009) Allergenic weed species and possibilities of their

control. Biljni lekar, 37,6,634-640.

• Reed, C.F. (1970) Selected weeds of the United States. Ag. Handbook 366. USDA, Washington, DC.

• Stanković-Kalezić, R., Radivojević, Lj., Jovanović, V., Janjić, V., Šantrić, Lj. (2008) Adventivna vrsta Asclepias syriaca L. na području

Pančevačkog rita. Acta herbologica 17,1, 95-103.

• Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (1972) Flora Europaea III.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

• Vrbničanin, S., Malidža, G., Stefanović, L., Elezović, I., Stanković-Kalezić, R., Marisavljević, D, Radovanov-Jovanović, K., Pavlović, D.,

Gavrić, M. (2008) Distribucija nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta na području Srbije. Biljni lekar 5, 303-

313.

• Wyatt, R., (1996) More on the southward spread of common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 123,

68–69.

• Wyatt, R., Stoneburner A., Broyles, S.B. and Allison, J.R. (1993) Range Extension Southward in Common Milkweed, Asclepias syriaca

L.Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120,2, 177-179.

• Yenish, P.J., A. Fry, T.A., Durgan B.R. and Wyse, D.L. (1996) Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias

syriaca) Establishment. Weed Science 44, 4, 815-820.

References