asean & cso-2013.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
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ASEAN & CIVIL
SOCIETY ADVOCACYYuyun Wahyuningrum, Senior Advisor on ASEAN and Human Rights,
HRWG Indonesia, [email protected]
2013
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ENGAGING ASEAN
Civil Societys history of non-
engagement in first 30 years;
mutual distrust between CS and
ASEAN
Different perspectives on civilsociety
ASEAN Charter language on
peoples participation in ASEAN
(Art 13)
Lack of mechanisms for CS
participation in ASEAN
current practice by the ASEAN,
i.e. CSO accreditation process
ASEAN
Individual/ Citizen
Victims/Survivors
Governments
Civil SocietyGroups, Lawyers
Think Tank
Private sectors
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Who and what is civil
society? Civil society refers to the arena ofuncoerced collective action around shared
interests, purposes and values. In theory, its institutional forms are distinctfrom those of the state, family and market, though in practice, theboundaries between state, civil society, family and market are often complex,blurred and negotiated. London School of Economics Center for CivilSociety www.ise.ac.uk
Civil society comprises the realm of organizations that lie between the family atone extreme and the state at the other (Hegel 1821)
Civil society is the sphere of institutions, organisations and individuals locatedbetween the family, the state and the marketin which people associatevoluntarily to advance common interests (Anheirer 2004)
[Civil society as] an anti-hegemonic force in society, whose purpose is to
aggregate the interests of power of the marginalised members of society
(Habermas 1996)
associations of citizens (outside their families, friends and businesses) entered into
voluntarily to advance their interests, ideas and ideologies. The term does not include
profit-making activity (the private sector) or governing (the public sector) (Cardoso et al.(2004), We the peoples: civil society, the United Nations and global governance. Report of the Panel of
Eminent Persons on United Nations-Civil Society Relations, UN document UN A/58/817,
http://www.un.org/reform/a58_817_english.doc)
Civil society is bourgeois society that maintains the dominant economic
http://www.ise.ac.uk/http://www.un.org/reform/a58_817_english.dochttp://www.un.org/reform/a58_817_english.dochttp://www.ise.ac.uk/ -
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Purpose
advocate a collective good (Mueller 2004);typically public interest groups
prime characteristic and motivation is a search
for meaning and the application of principledbeliefs (Khagram et al. 2002), rather than theuse of authority (state) or the drive for profit(business
Role in building social capital, provision of socialjustice. Is democracy more likely and of betterquality where there is a strong CS?
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Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) therefore are a wide array oforganisations: community groups, non-governmental organisations
(NGOs), labour unions, indigenous groups, charitable organisations,
faith-based organisations, professional associations, and foundations
(World Bank 2006).
Civil society embraces:
Institutionalised groups: such as religious organisations, trades
unions, business associations and co-operatives.
Local organisations: such as community associations, farmers
associations, local sports groups, non-governmental organisations
and credit societies.
Social movements and networks (DFID 2006).
Contemporary dimensions of civil society
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Non-state actors
NON-STATE ACTORS: non governmental organisations,organisations representing indigenous peoples, organisationsrepresenting national and/or ethnic minorities, local traders'associations and citizens' groups, cooperatives, trade unions,organisations representing economic and social interests,organisations fighting corruption and fraud and promoting goodgovernance, civil rights organisations and organisations combatingdiscrimination, local organisations (including networks) involved indecentralised regional cooperation and integration, consumerorganisations, women's and youth organisations, teaching,cultural, research and scientific organisations, universities,churches and religious associations and communities, the mediaand any non-governmental associations and independentfoundations, including independent political foundations.
gather the main structures of organised society outside government andpublic administration; are independent of the state; are active in
different fields;
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NGOs
Civil Society Organisations
NGOs
Non State Actors
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CSO Platforms in engaging ASEAN
Name frequent Engaging the body
ACSC/APF annually ASEAN SUMMIT Head of
States/Governments
ASEAN Disability Forum (ADF) annually
ASEAN Youth Forum annually
ASEAN Grass-root People Assembly annually
ASEAN Community Dialogue annually ASEAN Committee Permanent
Representatives (CPR)
CPR
Civil Society Forum to AMM on
human rights
annually ASEAN Ministers Meeting (AMM) Foreign Ministers
Informal Dialogue between CSO and
ASG
annually ASEAN Secretary General (ASG) Secretary General
Jakarta Human Rights Dialogue in
ASEAN
annually ASEAN Human Rights
Mechanisms
AICHR, ACWC
GO-NGO Forum on Social Welfare &
Development
annually ASEAN Senior Official Meeting
on SWD
SOM officials
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ASEAN Community Dialogue,
2012
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Informal Dialogue with ASEAN
Secretary General, 2012
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Meeting with Minister
Foreign Affairs, 2012
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ASEAN Civil Society Conferences/ASEAN Peoples
Forums 2005-2012
Year Place The Name of the Event
2005 Shah Alam,
Malaysia
1st ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)
2006 Cebu, the
Philippines
2nd ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)
2007 Singapore 3rd ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)
2009 Bangkok, Thailand 4th ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ 1stASEAN Peoples
Forum (APF)
2009 Hua Hin, Thailand 5th ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/2ndASEAN Peoples
Forum (APF)
2010 Hanoi, Vietnam 6thASEAN Peoples Forum (APF)
2011 Jakarta, Indonesia ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ASEAN Peoples Forum
(APF) 2011
2012 Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ASEAN Peoples Forum
(APF) 2012 March & November
2013 Brunei ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ASEAN Peoples Forum
(APF) 2013 - April
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CSO/NGO participation
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Phnom Penh 2012
Jakarata 2011
Hanoi 2010
Cha Am 2009
Bangkok 2009
Singapore 2007
Cebu 2006
Malysia 2005
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Thematic Engagements with ASEAN
Human Rights Labor and Migrants
Agriculture and Trade Issues
Food Sovereignty and Land-related
issues
Extractives Industries: mining, gas, oil
Large scale development projects: dams
Environment/ Climate Change/ ClimateJustice
Housing Rights
Gender
Child Rights
Youth Participation
Refugees / Stateless Peoples/ Internally
Displaced Peoples
Indigenous Peoples
Communication Rights and Freedom of
Information
Burma
Peace andConflict
Etc.
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+ Our collective knowledge we produced through
8 years ACSC/APF?
Mainly: ILO,UNFCCC, CEDAW,UNCRC, UNDRIP,&MDGs
Against unjustFTA, privatization,
Reject neoliberaleconomicpolicies
Democracy
Human Rights
Transparency
Accountability
Particularly:Women & Youth,Indigenous People
/ Ethnic Minority,and CSOs
CSOParticipation in
DecisionMakingProcess(1,2,3,6,7)
Adoption ofBasic
UniversalValues(3,4,5,6,7)
Adoption ofUN Bodies
relatedConventions
(1,2,4,5,6,7)
Holistic -rights-basedapproach onDevelopmen
t (1,2,4,5,6,7)
ASEANs Alternative Regionalism(Source: HRWG Study, 2011)
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Perspectives and Learning on
Engagement with ASEAN
Gaps in CS capacities (countries, regional viz. country)
Multiple capacities needed: articulating a peoplesagenda; mounting regional and national campaigns;rooting regional campaigns on the national level; bringing
different thematic constituencies behind regionalcampaigns; convincing the public; having champions ingovt
CS dependence on grants and CS-donor relations
CS roles in governance evolving
CS not homogenous, diff views on engagement
Governments and GONGOs continuing distrust ofCSOs
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Changes brought about by CS
engagement with ASEAN
policy changes: human rights and other rights
institutional mechanisms: AICHR, ACWC,
discussions on mechanisms for CS participation
changes in attitudes, outlooks
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Strategy: Simultaneous Approaches
ASEAN
Regional
Lobby,
Network &
Advocacy
National
Lobby,
Network,
Advocacy &
Campaign
Top Down: Creation ofdemand in regional levelthrough regionalorganizations.
ASEAN secretariat
ASEANRepresentatives/Bodies
International Institutions
Bottom Up: Pushing for needof making ASEAN HRMechanism through civilsociety advocacy.
Individual member countries
CSOs/NGOs (Nat & Regional)
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INSIDERS VS Outsiders
PRESSURE FROM THE OUTSIDE throughconfrontational tactics: marching, attacking the redzone, showing the weakness or the contradictions ofthesystem, raise public consciousness, show the king is
naked ENGANGEMENT with policy-makers trying to provoke
change from within
Accept the rules of the game in order to gain access to
policy arenas
Insiders use techniques like persuasion, lobbying,campaigning
Critiques: Who is representative of CS/global public
good? Risk ofwatering down criticism in favor of
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Confrontational attitude: engagement through pressure from
the outside (counter-summits, campaigns, norm change) and
disruptive direct actions. Policy processes are perceived as
threats.
OUTSIDE
Cooperative attitude: active engagement in policy-making
processes through lobbying, advocacy and participation in multi-
stakeholder processes. Policy processes are seen as potential
gain. Insiders are the least independent from the political
process.
INSIDE
Repertories of action and strategies towards policy
processes
Dimension of
engagement
INSIDE OUTSIDE
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Indonesias Experiences &
Engaging ASEAN
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Indonesias Experience
Our process toward democracy has informed that the pressures for a changeboth came from inside and outside the country have proved to be effective andstrategic.
Organized society and the participation of civil society are the key to oureconomic and political reform in Indonesia.
Apart of using international mechanism, we started to shape the opinion ofdiplomatic community
UN, EU on draft law on mass organization to get more supports to our position
ASEAN, OIC on expanding civil society space in closed countries and at the institution
Request further protection for activists/ human rights defenders
Now, we are not only working with foreign diplomats but also Indonesian
diplomats
Government has regular briefing with Foreign Diplomats and bilateral talk
It is always effective to have e-list of diplomatic community for informationdistribution, i.e. [email protected]
Lately, we have a successful campaign on freedom of religions and beliefs,LGBTIQ, ASEAN Human Rights Declaration
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USING ASEAN
Popularizing the concept of Civil Society in ASEAN MemberStates
Civil Society Space: Expanding its space at national andregional level
ACSC/APF, ADF, AGPA Country cases: Vietnam, Brunei, Burma
Institutionalizing democratic dialogue Informal Dialogue with ASG
ASEAN Community Dialogue with CPR
Jakarta Human Rights Dialogue
Informal Meeting with Head of States
Setting norms and shaping practices in ASEAN and itsmember countries: Charter, TOR AICHR, AHRD