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AseAn economic CommunityChartbook 2013
one visionone identity
one community
The ASEAN Secretariat Jakarta
AseAn economic CommunityChartbook 2013
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.
For inquiries, contact:The ASEAN SecretariatPublic Outreach and Civil Society Division70A Jalan SisingamangarajaJakarta 12110 - IndonesiaPhone : (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991Fax : (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504E-mail : [email protected]
General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org
Catalogue-in-Publication Data
ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, March 2014
339.9591. ASEAN – Statistics2. Economics – Trade – Investment
ISBN 978-602-7643-72-7
The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided proper acknowledgement is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to Public Outreach and Civil Society Division of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta.
Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2014.All rights reserved.
iiASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Chartbook 2013 captures macroeconomic developments in the ASEAN Member States and as a region vis-à-vis the global economy through a compilation of selected indicators presented in more than 50 different charts.
We hope that this Chartbook will provide up-to-date and useful information on the progress achieved in 2012, in pursuit of the various economic integration initiatives toward the ASEAN Community by 2015.
As we continue to issue this publication annually, feedback from stakeholders and users are welcome to further improve this reference material.
Le Luong MinhSecretary-General of ASEAN Jakarta, December 2013
FOREWORD
ii ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
Table of Contents
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.1 Population of ASEAN and selected trade partner countries/regions 1 1.2 Share to World Gross Domestic Product, based on PPP* Dollars, 2012 2 1.3 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in billion PPP* Dollars and rate of change of real GDP, 2012 3 1.4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in billion US Dollars and rate of change of real GDP, 2012 4 1.5 Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), annual rate of change 5 1.6 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, in PPP Dollars 6 1.7 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, in US Dollars 7 2 ASEAN Economy 2.1 Gross Domestic Product at constant prices, annual rate of change 8 2.2 Gross Domestic Product at constant prices, quarterly rate of change 9 2.3 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita at current prices 10 2.4 Consumer Price Index (CPI), all items and food 11 2.5 Consumer Price Index (CPI), transport and housing 12 2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar rate, rate of change 13 2.7 Currencies-to-US Dollar rate 14 3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation 3.1 Average Tariff Rates on intra-ASEAN Imports 15 3.2 Coverage of Commodity Items with Zero Tariff 16 4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.1 Trend of ASEAN Trade in Goods 17 4.2 Trend of ASEAN Trade in Goods, in percent of GDP 18 4.3 ASEAN Trade in Goods with selected trade partner countries/regions 19 4.4 Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods 20 4.5 ASEAN Trade in Goods with selected trade partner countries/regions, in percent share 21 4.6 ASEAN Export of Goods to selected trade partner countries/regions, in percent share 22 4.7 ASEAN Import of Goods from selected trade partner countries/regions, in percent share 23 4.8 ASEAN Member States Export of Goods, by destination, 2012 24 4.9 ASEAN Member States Import of Goods, by origin, 2012 25 4.10 Top Ten ASEAN Export Commodities in 4 digit-HS, 2012 26 4.11 Top Ten ASEAN Import Commodities in 4 digit-HS, 2012 27 5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency 5.1 ASEAN Trade Balance with selected trade partners 28 5.2a Top 5 Intra-ASEAN Export Commodities, 2012 29 5.2b Top 5 Intra-ASEAN Import Commodities, 2012 29 5.3a Top 5 Extra-ASEAN Export Commodities, 2012 30
iiiiiiiiiASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
Table of Contents
5.3b Top 5 Extra-ASEAN Import Commodities, 2012 30 5.4a Top 5 Export Commodities to China, 2012 31 5.4b Top 5 Import Commodities from China, 2012 31 5.5a Top 5 Export Commodities to Japan, 2012 32 5.5b Top 5 Import Commodities from Japan, 2012 32 5.6a Top 5 Export Commodities to ROK, 2012 33 5.6b Top 5 Import Commodities from ROK, 2012 33 5.7a Top 5 Export Commodities to USA, 2012 34 5.7b Top 5 Import Commodities from USA, 2012 34 5.8a Top 5 Export Commodities to EU-28, 2012 35 5.8b Top 5 Import Commodities from EU-28, 2012 35 5.9a Top 5 Export Commodities to ANZ, 2012 36 5.9b Top 5 Import Commodities from ANZ, 2012 36 5.10a Top 5 Export Commodities to India, 2012 37 5.10b Top 5 Import Commodities from India, 2012 37 5.11a Top 5 Export Commodities to Pakistan, 2012 38 5.11b Top 5 Import Commodities from Pakistan, 2012 38 5.12a Top 5 Export Commodities to Russia, 2012 39 5.12b Top 5 Import Commodities from Russia, 2012 39 6 Investments in ASEAN 6.1 Net Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments, by source country 40 6.2 Net Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments, in percent of GDP 41 6.3 Net Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments to ASEAN, from 2008-2012 42 6.4 Net Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments to the ASEAN Member States 43 7 ASEAN Priority Integration Sectors 7.1 Trend of Total Exports - 7 Priority Integration Sectors 44 7.2 Trend of Intra-ASEAN Exports - 7 Priority Integration Sectors 45 7.3 ASEAN Exports - 7 Priority Integration Sectors, annual rate of change 46 8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 8.1 Total ASEAN Exports and Imports of Services in billion US Dollars and as percentage of GDP 47 8.2 Total ASEAN Exports by 11 Service Headings 48 8.3 Total ASEAN Imports by 11 Service Headings 49 8.4 Internet Subscribers/User and Cellular Phone Densities (per 1000 persons) in ASEAN 50 8.5 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length, in percent 51 8.6 Visitor Arrivals to ASEAN Member States 52 8.7 Intra-ASEAN Visitor Arrivals 53 8.8 Total and Intra-ASEAN Visitor Arrivals, by country of destination, 2012 54
This ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Chartbook is a visual chronicle of the ASEAN economy and its relations with major regions/partner countries and the rest of the world. It aims to provide information on the state of the ASEAN economy at some milestone years in the past and at present, and on discernible trends in key economic areas in the immediate future.
The graphical information in this Chartbook is presented according to the following 8 sections:1 ASEAN in the Global Economy situates the region in the global economic community in terms
of population and economic size, growth, and welfare.2 ASEAN Economy looks into some macroeconomic trends and developments within the region.3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation reports on the stages of facilitation for freer flow of goods within
the region through tariff reduction.4 ASEAN Trade Performance takes a closer look at the movement of goods within and outside
of the region – trends of exports and imports, and composition and directions of trade.5 ASEAN Trade with Selected Trade Partners charts the region’s trade position with selected dialogue
partners and describes the concentration and dependencies of selected traded commodities.6 Investments in ASEAN gives a broad time series profile of foreign direct investment inflow to
the region, including the major sources of such investments.7 ASEAN Priority Integration Sectors shows the trends of export of goods in the 7 priority sectors
identified to help accelerate progress toward the AEC.8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community presents information on other
important elements that sustain the regional economy – export of energy, access to communication, and tourism activity.
The charts presented herein are based on data available in the various databases being maintained by the ASEAN Secretariat as submitted through relevant ASEAN working groups and/or data sharing schemes and/or as gathered from official publications and websites of data sources in the ASEAN Member States (AMS’) and international organisations as of 31 December 2013.
Some data were derived/estimated using basic statistical practices employed by the ASEAN Secretariat. Unless otherwise stated, these figures are in no way considered as official statistics, and are used only to give indicative information.
ASEAN Economic Community
Chartbook 2013INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
CAVEAT
617
27
1,354
507
1,223
12850
314
142
35
179
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
ASEAN ANZ China EU-28 India Japan ROK USA Russia Canada Pakistan
in million persons
2002 2012
1
ASEAN’s population placed third after China and India, expanding to 617 million in 2012 from 534 million in 2002. The region’s population grew at an average annual rate of 1.45 percent compared to China’s 0.53 percent and India’s 1.44 percent during the 10-year period.
Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
1.1 Population of ASEAN and selected trade partner countries/regions
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy
in million persons
1600
1400
1200
800
400
0
1000
600
200
ASEAN China Japan ROKANZ India USAEU-28 Russia Canada Pakistan
2 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
ASEAN, 4.3
ANZ, 1.3
China, 14.9 EU-28, 19.5India, 5.6
Japan, 5.6
ROK, 1.9
USA, 18.9
Russia, 3.0
Canada, 1.8
Pakistan, 0.6
Rest of the World, 22.5
1.2 Share to World Gross Domestic Product, based on PPP* Dollars, 2012
Share of GDP at current PPP dollars to world total (%)
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy
* Purchasing power parity Source of data: IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
The share of ASEAN to World GDP, in PPP dollars, was 4.3 percent, while the combined shares of ASEAN+3(refers to ten Member States, China, Japan and Republic of Korea) reached 26.8 percent.
in percent
33ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
ASEAN, 3,619
ANZ, 1,103
China, 12,406
EU-28, 18,183
USA, 15,685
India, 4,684
Japan, 4,628
ROK, 1,614
Russia, 2,513
Canada, 1,488
Pakistan, 515
(2)
-
2
4
6
8
10
in percent
The region’s nominal GDP, in PPP dollars, amounted to 3.6 trillion Dollars. In real terms, ASEAN’s GDP growth at 5.7 percent was second to China’s 7.8 percent.
1.3 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in billion PPP* Dollars and rate of change of real GDP, 2012
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy
Note: Size of bubble indicates level of GDP in current international (PPP) billion dollars while bubble position plots the growth rate of real GDP* Purchasing Power Parity Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
in percent
10
8
6
4
2
(2)
-
4 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
ASEAN, 2,311
ANZ, 1,711
China, 8,227
EU-28, 16,641
India, 1,825
USA, 15,685
Japan, 5,964
ROK, 1,156
Russia, 2,022
Canada, 1,819
Pakistan, 232
(2)
-
2
4
6
8
10 in percent
1.4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in billion US Dollars and rate of change of real GDP, 2012
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy
Note: Size of bubble indicates level of GDP in billion US dollars while bubble position plots the growth rate of real GDP.Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
ASEAN GDP stood at US$2.3 trillion, 28 percent that of China or about 15 percent that of USA. In terms of PPP Dollars, the region’s GDP was 29 percent that of China and nearly 23 percent that of USA.
in percent10
8
4
2
(2)
-
6
55ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
2005 2008 2011 2012
The region’s GDP growth slightly slid to 5.7 percent from 5.9 percent recorded in 2005. Notable downtrend in growth were experienced by China (by 3.5 percentage points), India (by 5.1 percentage points), Russian Federation (by 3.0 percentage points), and Pakistan (by 5.3 percentage points) for the same periods.
1.5 Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), annual rate of change
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy
Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
3.13.13.1
-0.2
1.3
7.8
11.3
5.75.9
2.02.0
3.4
6.4
2.32.2
4.04.0
9.1
3.5
1.8
3.7
9.0
in percent
ASEAN China Japan Korea ANZ India USA EU-28 Russia Canada Pakistan
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
6 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
ASEANPakistan
IndiaChina
RussiaROK
EU-28Japan
ANZCanada
USA
2005
2008
2011
2012
4,230
5,869
2,231
2,881
2,185
3,830
4,102
9,162
11,799
17,709
22,783
32,272
30,680
35,867
30,441
36,266
32,176
40,535
36,094
42,734
42,629
49,922
1.6 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, in PPP* Dollars
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy
in current international (purchasing power parity) dollars
* Purchasing power parity Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
From 2005 to 2012, the level of ASEAN’s GDP per capita (in PPP$) increased by 38.7 percent at US$5,869, but still way below that of its major trading partners. The biggest growth in GDP per capita was shown in China (by 123.3 percent), India (by 75.3 percent), Russia (by 50.1 percent) and the Republic of Korea (by 41.6 percent).
77ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
ASEANIndia
PakistanChina
RussiaROK
EU-28Japan
USACanada
ANZ
2005
2008
2011
20121,641
3,748
727
1,492
721
1,296
1,726
6,076
5,313
14,247
17,551
23,113
27,989
32,825
35,781
46,736
42,629
49,922
36,150
52,232
34,152
62,910
1.7 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, in US Dollars
1 ASEAN in the Global Economy
Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
In 2012, the region’s GDP per capita, at US$3,748, was significantly higher by 128.4 percent than its level in 2005.However, ASEAN’s GDP per capita represents only 40 percent that of China’s, and far below the rest of its major trading partners, except for India and Pakistan.
8 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
2.1 Gross Domestic Product at constant prices, annual rate of change
2 ASEAN Economy
Note: ASEAN6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet NamSource of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database
In 2012, Lao PDR (by 7.9 percent), Cambodia (by 7.0 percent), Philippines (by 6.8 percent) and Thailand (by 6.5 percent)recorded the highest GDP growth among the ten Member States. Overall, the ASEAN6 regained its strength in 2012 over the previous year’s economic performance. In contrast, the CLMV country group’s GDP growth continued to decrease after it reached its peak in 2005.
0.4
13.6
5.7
7.3
5.3
13.6
4.8
7.4
4.6
8.4
5.4
9.8
5.9
1.0
7.0 6.2
7.9
5.6 5.9 6.8
1.3
6.5
5.0 5.7 5.5 5.7
in percent
2005 2008 2011 2012
Bru
nei
Dar
ussa
lam
Cam
bodi
a
Indo
nesi
a
Lao
PD
R
Mal
aysi
a
Mya
nmar
Phi
lippi
nes
Sin
gapo
re
Thai
land
Viet
Nam
AS
EA
N6
CLM
V
AS
EA
N
15
10
5
0
-5
in percent
9ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
6.3
5.1
6.5
1.5 0.4
5.8
4.3
7.5
3.8
2.8
2012 Q1 2012 Q2 2012 Q3 2012 Q4 2013 Q1 2013 Q2
2.2 Gross Domestic Product at constant prices, quarterly rate of change
2 ASEAN Economy
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database
Beginning the first quarter of 2012, Philippines recorded the highest GDP growth among the ASEAN5 economies, followed by Indonesia and Malaysia. Thailand’s economy continued to recover from the fallout of 2011 dev-astating floods.
in percent(year-on-year)
20
-5
10
15
5
0
Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand
10 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
42,445
978 3,588
1,394
10,338
861 2,565
52,069
5,391
1,596 4,698
1,273 3,748
2005 2008 2011 2012
2.3 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita at current prices
2 ASEAN Economy
Notes: Myanmar’s data is based on the exchange rate in the IMF-WEO database of April 2013, which is US$1 = 843 Kyats (for 2012).Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
GDP per capita of the Member States varied extremely, ranging from US$50,000 to less than US$1000 in 2012. At one end, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam’s GDP per capita were above US$40,000 while Cambodia and Myanmar stood at less than US$1,000. Meanwhile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand’s per capita were within US$2,500 to US$10,400.
in USD
60,000
0
40,000
50,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
Bru
nei
Dar
ussa
lam
Cam
bodi
a
Indo
nesi
a
Lao
PD
R
Mal
aysi
a
Mya
nmar
Phi
lippi
nes
Sin
gapo
re
Thai
land
Viet
Nam
AS
EA
N6
CLM
V
AS
EA
N
11ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
50
100
150
200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Index, 2005=100 Overall, ASEAN 6
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
50
100
150
200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Index, 2005=100 Food, ASEAN 6
2.4 Consumer Price Index (CPI), all items and food base year = 2005
2 ASEAN Economy
Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database
In 2012, overall prices in Indonesia and Philippines increased by 59% and above 38% respectively. Food prices inIndonesia, Philippines and Thailand were higher by almost 40 percent and up.
Index,2005=100 Food, ASEAN6
Index,2005=100 Overall, ASEAN6
200
150
100
50
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
200
150
100
50
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Indonesia
Philippines
ThailandMalaysia
BruneiDarussalam
Indonesia
Thailand
PhilippinesMalaysiaSingaporeBruneiDarussalam
12 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
50
100
150
200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Index, 2005=100 Transport, ASEAN 6
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
50
100
150
200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Index, 2005=100 Housing, ASEAN 6
2.5 Consumer Price Index (CPI), transport and housing base year = 2005
2 ASEAN Economy
Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database
In 2012, transportation costs exhibited the highest increase in Philipines and Singapore, while housing prices were highest in Singapore and Indonesia. Nevertheless, transportation and housing inflation rates were still lower than food prices increase.
Transport, ASEAN6Index,
2005=100
200
150
100
50
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Index,2005=100 Housing, ASEAN6
200
150
100
50
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PhilippinesSingapore
Malaysia Thailand IndonesiaBruneiDarussalam
Singapore Indonesia
Philippines
Malaysia ThailandBruneiDarussalam
13ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar rate, rate of change
2 ASEAN Economy
Myanmar’s Kyat-to-Dollar exchange rate is based on the IMF World Economic Outlook Database as of April 2013Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
In 2012, Myanmar’s Kyat and Indonesian Rupiah depreciated the highest, by more than 5 percent while Philippines Peso remained strong, appreciating by more than 2 percent.
A positive (+) rate of change connotes currency depreciation while a negative (-) rate of change indicates currency appreciation.
15
-10
5
10
0
-5
BruneiDarussalam
Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
14 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
2.7 Currencies-to-US Dollar rate
2 ASEAN Economy
Myanmar: not an official rate. Myanmar’s Kyat-to-Dollar exchange rate is taken from the IMF World Economic Outlook Database as of April 2013.Sources of data: ASEAN Secretariat Database and IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013
For the last two years since the economic meltdown in 2008, most Member States managed to keep their currencies strong, with the exception of the Vietnamese Dong.
1.25
3.08
1.25
0
1
2
3
4
Bru
nei
Dar
ussa
lam
Mal
aysi
a
Sin
gap
ore
2005 2008 2011 2012
4
3
2
0
1
Bru
nei
Dar
ussa
lam
Mal
aysi
a
Sin
gapo
re
42.23
31.08
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Phi
lippi
nes
Tha
iland
2005 2008 2011 2012
Phi
lippi
nes
Thai
land
60
50
40
0
30
20
104,038
9,384
8,007
843
20,828
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Cam
bodi
a
Indo
nesi
a
Lao
PD
R
Mya
nmar
Vie
t Nam
2005 2008 2011 2012
25,000
20,000
15,000
0
10,000
5,000
Cam
bodi
a
Indo
nesi
a
Lao
PD
R
Mya
nmar
Viet
Nam
15
ASEAN; 4.43
ASEAN; 0.55
ASEAN-6; 3.64
ASEAN-6; 0.04
CLMV; 7.51
CLMV; 1.37
in percent
1515ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports
3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation
Source of data: ASEAN Tariff Database
Average tariff rate on intra-ASEAN imports in ASEAN6 declined appreciably to 0.04 percent starting in 2010. Meanwhile, the CLMV’s average tariff rate reached 1.37 percent in the same period.
8.00
6.00
7.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
200520042003200220012000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20132012
CLMV, 7.51
ASEAN, 4.43
ASEAN, 0.55
ASEAN6, 3.64
ASEAN6, 0.04
CLMV, 1.37
1616 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
-15,000
5,000
25,000
45,000
65,000
85,000
105,000
0
25
50
75
100 num
ber
perc
ent
ASEAN (%) ASEAN-6 (%) CLMV (%)
ASEAN ASEAN-6 CLMV
bar chart: in percent
line chart: in absolute number
161616
3.2 Coverage of Commodity Items with Zero Tariff *
3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation
* Based on Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT), initiated in 2000-2009; ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA), implemented in 2010 onwardsSource of data: ASEAN Tariff Database
Beginning in 2003, ASEAN6 has made rapid progress in reducing its tariff rates to zero by over 50 percent of the agreed commodity list. In contrast, the CLMV’s performance was more sluggish, reaching a 50-percent mark only in 2012 onwards.
100
75
50
0
25
perc
ent num
ber105,000
85,000
65,000
-15,000
45,000
25,000
5,000
200520042003200220012000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20132012
ASEAN6 (%)
ASEAN6
17
Total Trade, 759
Total Trade, 2,476
Intra-ASEAN, 167
Intra-ASEAN, 602
Extra-ASEAN, 592
Extra-ASEAN, 1,874
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
in billion US$
1717ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.1 Trend of ASEAN Trade in Goods
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
In 2012, the region’s total trade moderated to US$2.5 trillion, higher by 3.7 percent from last year’s level. Extra-ASEAN trade continued to account for three-fourths of total trade.
in billion US$
500
3,000
0
2,000
2,500
1,500
1,000
200520042003200220012000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
18
Total Trade, 125%
Total Trade, 107%
Intra-ASEAN, 28% Intra-ASEAN, 26%
Extra-ASEAN, 98%
Extra-ASEAN, 81%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
percent of GDP
1818 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013181818
4.2 Trend of ASEAN Trade in Goods, in percent of GDP
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
Total trade as percent of the region’s GDP showed a downtrend after it hit the highest share of close to 140 percent in 2005.Intra-ASEAN trade, however, remained relatively unchanged at around 25 percent in 2012.
200520042003200220012000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
percent of GDP
40%
140%
0%
100%
120%
80%
60%
20%
19
20
05
2
00
8
20
11
20
12
304,825
602,048
2,323
6,306
5,972
12,335
4,703
18,158
22,998
71,816
35,315
78,724
47,958
131,030
153,884
200,027
140,732
242,599
153,823
262,884
113,347
319,485
238,699
531,016
1919ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.3 ASEAN Trade in Goods with selected trade partner countries/regions
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
Since 2005, intra-ASEAN trade value almost doubled reaching 602 billion in 2012. ASEAN + 3 (China, Japan and Republic of Korea) contributed a combined share of more than 50 percent.
in million US Dollars
Rest ofthe World China Japan EU-28 USA
ROK ANZIndia
RussiaCanada
PakistanIntra-ASEAN
20
Intra-ASEAN24.9%
Extra-ASEAN75.1%
2005
Intra-ASEAN24.3%
Extra-ASEAN75.7%
2012
2012
Intra-ASEAN24.8%
Extra-ASEAN75.2%
2008
2020 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013202020
4.4 Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
Intra-ASEAN trade remained relatively unchanged at around 25 percent in recent years.
2005 2008 2012
212121ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.5 ASEAN Trade in Goods with selected trade partner countries/regions, in percent share
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
The region’s trade with China has gradually increased over the years while the shares of US and EU-28 has dwindled significantly. In 2012, China has become the top major trading partner, followed by Japan and EU-28.
2005 2008 2012
Others19.5%
USA12.6%
ANZ2.9%
Japan12.6%
India1.9%
EU-2811.5%
China9.3%
Canada0.5%
Intra-ASEAN24.9%
Russia0.4%
ROK3.9%
ANZ3.2%
Others21.6%
USA9.8%
Japan11.3%
India2.6%
EU-2811.0%
China10.4% Canada
0.6%
Intra-ASEAN24.8%
Pakistan0.3%
Russia0.5%
ROK4.1%
ANZ3.2%
Others21.4%
USA8.1%
Japan10.6%
India2.9%
EU-289.8%
China12.9%
Canada0.5%
Intra-ASEAN24.3%
Pakistan0.3%
Russia0.7%
ROK5.3%
Pakistan0.2%
222222 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013222222
4.6 ASEAN Exports of Goods to selected trade partner countries/regions, in percent share
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
From 2005 to 2012, ASEAN has increased its share of export shipments to China from 8 percent to 11 percent, respectively.In contrast, EU-28 and US have decreased their share of imports from the region.
Others18%
USA14%
ANZ4%
Japan11%
India2%
EU-2813%
China8%
Canada1%
Intra-ASEAN
25%
Pakistan0.3%
Russia0.23%
ROK4%
Others20%
USA10%
Japan11%
India3%
EU-2812%
China9% Canada
1%
Intra-ASEAN
26%
Pakistan0.5%
Russia0.3%
ROK4%
ANZ4%
ANZ4%
Canada1%
Others21%
USA9%
Japan10%
India4%
EU-2810%
China11%
Intra-ASEAN
26%
ROK4%
Pakistan0.4%
Russia0.4%
2005 2008 2012
232323ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.7 ASEAN Imports of Goods from selected trade partner countries/regions, in percent share
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
ASEAN’s import share from China has likewise increased in 2005 to 2012 while the region’s purchases from Japan and US has contracted during the same periods.
Others21%
USA11%
ANZ2%
Japan14%
India1%
EU-2810%
China11% Canada
1%
Intra-ASEAN
24%
Pakistan0.3%
Russia0.6%
ROK4%
Others23%
USA9%
Japan12%
India2%
EU-2810%
China12%
Canada1%
Intra-ASEAN
24%Pakistan0.1%
Russia0.8%
ROK4%
ANZ2%
ANZ2%
Canada0.5%
Others22%
USA8%
Japan11%
India2%
EU-2810%
China15%
Intra-ASEAN
23%
ROK6%
Pakistan0.1%
Russia1%
2005 2008 2012
24
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
ASEAN
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
Intra-ASEAN
ANZ
Canada
China
EU-28
India
Japan
Rep. of Korea
Pakistan
Russia
USA
Rest of the World
in percent share
2424 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 20132424 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 201324 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.8 ASEAN Member States Export of Goods, by destination, 2012
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
Lao PDR, Myanmar and Singapore shipped most of its products within the region, with shares ranging from 30 percent to 45 percent. Meanwhile, Brunei Darussalam’s top export market is Japan.
Brunei Darussalam
ASEAN
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
in percent share
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
25
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
ASEAN
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
Intra-ASEAN
ANZ
Canada
China
EU-28
India
Japan
Rep. of Korea
Pakistan
Russia
USA
Rest of the World
in percent share
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
ASEAN
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
Intra-ASEAN
ANZ
Canada
China
EU-28
India
Japan
Rep. of Korea
Pakistan
Russia
USA
Rest of the World
in percent share
2525ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.9 ASEAN Member States Import of Goods, by origin, 2012
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia and Myanmar imported most of their commodity items within the region, ranging from 35 percent to 45 percent shares.
Brunei Darussalam
ASEAN
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
in percent share
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
262626 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 20132626 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 201326 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.10 Top Ten ASEAN Export Commodities in 4 digit-HS, 2012
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
HS - Harmonised SystemSource of data: ASEAN Trade Database
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal2%
Natural rubber in primary from or plates balata, guttapercha, guayule,
chicle2%
Parts and accessories (not covers, carrying cases) for office machines
& typewritters of 8469 to 84722%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies; parts thereof
9%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.8%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons propane, butane, ethylene4%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals3%
Palm oil & its fractions, not chemically modified3%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsimile machines2%
Automatic data proccesing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form & machines for processing such data keyboard, printer, scanners, disk drives, power supply3%
Electronic integrated circuits & microassemblies; parts thereof
9%Oil (not crude) from petrol &
bituminous minerals etc.8%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons
propane, butane, ethylene4%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals
3%Automatic data processing machines and units thereof;
magnetic or optical readers, machines for
transcribing data onto data media in coded form & machines
for processing such data keyboard, printer, scanners, disk
drives, power supply3%
Palm oil & its fractions, not chemically modified
3%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy
telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsi
mile machines2%Coal; briquettes, ovoids and
similar solid fuels manufactured from coal
2%Natural rubber in primary form or plates balata, gutta-
percha, guayule, chicle2%
Parts and accessories (not covers, carrying cases) for office machines & typewriters of 8469
to 84722%
Others62%
HS - Harmonized SystemSource of data: ASEAN Trade Database
272727ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
4.11 Top Ten ASEAN Import Commodities in 4 digit-HS, 2012
4 ASEAN Trade Performance
HS - Harmonised SystemSource of data: ASEAN Trade Database
Aircraft, powered; spacecraft & launch vehicles helicopters, satelites1%
Gold (including gold plated with platinum), unwrought or semimanufactured or powder
1%
Parts & accessories for motor vehicles of 8701 to 8705 brakes, radiators, mufflers, exhaust
pipes, clutches, steering wheels/columns/boxes1%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons propane, butane, ethylene
1%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies; parts thereof
9%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.
12%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsimile
machines2%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals
9%
Automatic data proccesing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form & machines for processing such data
keyboard, printer, scanners, disk drives, power supply2%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.
12%
Electronic integrated circuits & microassemblies; parts thereof
9%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals
9%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy
telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsi
mile machines2%
Automatic data processing machines and units thereof;
magnetic or optical readers, machines for
transcribing data onto data media in coded form & machines
for processing such data keyboard, printer, scanners, disk
drives, power supply2%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons
propane, butane, ethylene1%
Parts & accessories..for motor vehicles of 8701 to 8705
brakes, radiators, mufflers, exhaust pipes, clutches, steering
wheels/columns/boxes1%
Gold (including gold plated with platinum), unwrought or
semimanufactured or powder1%
Parts and accessories (not covers, carrying cases) for office machines & typewriters of 8469
to 84721%
Aircraft, powered; spacecraft & launch vehicles
helicopters, satellites1%
Others61%
Parts and accessories (not covers, carrying cases) for office machines
& typewritters of 8469 to 84721%
2828 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
2005 2008 2012
5.1 ASEAN Trade Balance with selected trade partners
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
The region is a net exporter with Australia New Zealand, EU-28, India, Pakistan, and US. In 2012, ASEAN’s trade surplus with EU-28 and US was reduced by half. On the other hand, ASEAN continued to be a net importer with China, Japan, Korea and Russian Federation as trade deficit with these partners even widened in 2012.
in billion US$
40,000
20,000
30,000
0
-10,000
10,000
-20,000
-30,000
-40,000
CanadaANZ China EU-28 India Japan Republic ofKorea
Pakistan Russia USA
2929ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.2a Top 5 Intra-ASEAN Export Commodities, 2012 5.2b Top 5 Intra-ASEAN Import Commodities, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Parts and accessories (not covers, carrying cases) for office
machines & typewriters of 8469
to 8472 2%
Others67%
Others61%
Parts and accessories (not covers, carrying cases) for office
machines & typewriters of 8469
to 8472 2%
Crude oil from petroleum and
bituminous minerals2%
Crude oil from petroleum and
bituminous minerals3%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons propane, butane, ethylene4%
Electronic integrated circuits & microassemblies;parts thereof7%
Electronic integrated circuits & microassemblies;parts thereof9%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.19%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.21%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons propane, butane, ethylene3%
3030 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.3a Top 5 Extra-ASEAN Export Commodities, 2012 5.3b Top 5 Extra-ASEAN Import Commodities, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Automatic data processing machines
and unit thereof; magnetic or optical
readers, machines for transcribing data onto
data media in coded form & machines for
processing such data keyboard, printer,
scanners, disk drives, power supplay
4%
Crude oil from petroleum and
bituminous minerals3%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof10%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.5%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons propane, butane, ethylene3%
Others74%
Electric apparatus for line telephony
or telegraphy telephone sets,
teleprinters, modems, facsimile
machines3%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals10%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof9%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.9%
Others68%
Gold (including gold plated
with platinum), unwrought or
semimanufactured or powder
1%
3131ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.4a Top 5 Export Commodities to China, 2012 5.4b Top 5 Import Commodities from China, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others62%
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and
similar solid fuels manufactured from
coal5%
Electronic integrated circuits & microassemblies; parts thereof17%
Natural rubber in primary form
or plates balata, guttapercha,
guayule, chicle5%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.6%
Automatic data process machines, magn reader, etc. computer hardware5%
Others75%
Oil (not crude) from petrol &
bituminous minerals etc.
2%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsimile machines8%
Parts and accessories (not covers, carrying cases) for office
machines & typewriters of 8469 to 8472
3%
Electronic integrated circuits & microassemblies; parts thereof6%
Automatic data process machines, magn reader, etc. computer hardware6%
3232 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.5a Top 5 Export Commodities to Japan, 2012 5.5b Top 5 Import Commodities from Japan, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and
similar solid fuels manufactured
from coal3%
Others63%
Insulated wire, cable, electric
conductors; optic fiber cable
2%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons propane, butane, ethylene19%Crude oil from
petroleum and bituminous minerals7%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof6%
Flatrolled products of iron or nonalloy steel of width 600mm or more,
hot-rolled, not clad, plated, coated
3%
Others80%
Oil (not crude) from petrol &
bituminous minerals etc.
2%
Parts & accessories for motor vehicles of 8701 to 8705 brakes, radiators mufflers, exhaust pipes, clutches, steering wheels/ columns/boxes6%
Motor cars & cehicles for
trasporting persons (not 8702)
3%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof6%
3333ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.6a Top 5 Export Commodities to ROK, 2012 5.6b Top 5 Import Commodities from ROK, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others52%
Flatrolled products of iron or
nonalloy steel of width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated,
coated2%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or
telegraphy telephone sets, teleprinters,
modems, facsimile machines
3%
Vessels for the transport of persons or goods cruise ships, excursion boats, ferry biats, cargo ships, barges3%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.18%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof22%
Others52%
Oil (not crude) from petrol &
bituminous minerals etc.
4%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals9%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof13%
Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons propane, butane, ethylene17%
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and
similar solid fuels manufactured from
coal5%
3434 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.7a Top 5 Export Commodities to USA, 2012 5.7b Top 5 Import Commodities USA, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others68%
Oil (not crude) from petrol &
bituminous minerals etc.
5%
Parts of aircraft, spacecraft,
ballons, etc., of 8801, 8802
4%
Turbojets, turbopropellers &
other gas turbines; parts thereof
5%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof13%
Aircraft powered; spacecraft & launch vehicles helicopters, satellites5%
Others79%
Other furniture and parts thereof
office & household furniture, filling
cabinets, counters, lockers, shelves,
partitions3%
Automatic data process machines, magnetic reader, etc. computer hardware6%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof6%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsimile machines3%
Printing machinery;
machines for ancillary uses to
printing; parts thereof
3%
3535ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.8a Top 5 Export Commodities to EU-28, 2012 5.8b Top 5 Import Commodities from EU-28, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade with Selected Trade Partners: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others75%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof7%
Oxygen-function amino-compounds
3%
Palm oil & its fractions, not
chemically modified
4%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsimile machines6%
Automatic data process machines,
magn reader, etc. computer
hardware5%
Others74%
Electronic integrated circuits µassemblies;parts thereof7%
Mediacament mixtures (not
3002, 3005, 3006), put in dosage or
packaged for retail3%
Turbojets, turbopropellers
& other gas turbines; parts
thereof3%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.7%
Aircraft powered; spacecraft & launch vehicles helicopters. satellites6%
3636 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.9a Top 5 Export Commodities to ANZ, 2012 5.9b Top 5 Import Commodities from ANZ, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others50%
Automatic data process machines,
magnetic reader, etc. computer
hardware2%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.21%Motor vehicles
for transport of goods5%Gold (including
gold plated with platinum),
unwrought or semimanufactured
or powder4%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals18% Milk and cream,
concentrated or sweetened
6%
Refined copper & copper alloys (no mast alloy of 7405), unwrought6%
Others61%
Gold (including gold plated
with platinum), unwrought or
semimanufactured or powder
3%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals12%
Wheat and meslin12%
3737ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.10a Top 5 Export Commodities to India, 2012 5.10b Top 5 Import Commodities from India, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others59%
Others51%
Oil (not crude) from petrol & bituminous minerals etc.37%
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal11%
Wood in the rough, whether or
not stripped (or treated) of bark or sapwood, or
roughly squared poles, piles, posts
5%
Crude oil from petroleum and bituminous minerals6%
Electronic integrated circuits &
microassemblies;parts thereof
3%
Cyclic hydrocarbons cyclanes, cyclenes,
cycloterpenes3%
Motor vehicles for transport of
goods3%
Diamonds, worked or not, not mounted or set3%
Corn (maize)3%
Palm oil & its fractions, not chemically modified16%
3838 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.11a Top 5 Export Commodities to Pakistan, 2012 5.11b Top 5 imports from Pakistan, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others50%
Synthetic filament yarn (no sewing thread), no retail
2%
Polycarboxylic acids &
anhydrides, halides, peroxides,
peroxyacids and their..halogenated,
sulfonated, nitrated, nitrosated
derivatives3%
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal3%
Parts & accessories for motor vehicles of 8701 to 8705 brakes, radiators mufflers, exhaust pipes, clutches, steering wheels/ columns/boxes4%
Palm oil & its fractions, not chemically modified38%
Others51%
Fish, frozen (excluding fillets or
other fish meat)3%
Mediacament mixtures (not 3002, 3005,
3006), put in dosage or
packaged for retail4%
Corn (maize)10%
Rice13%
Cotton, not carded or combed19%
3939ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
5.12a Top 5 Export Commodities to Russia, 2012 5.12b Top 5 Import Commodities from Russia, 2012
5 ASEAN Trade: Concentration and Dependency
Source of data: ASEAN Trade DatabaseBased on 4-digits Harmonised System (HS) Code
Others66%
Electric heating/drying water, space,
soil, hair, hand & domestic appliances,
electric heating resistors hair dryers,
curlers, curling tongs, microwave
ovens, ovens, coffe/tea makers
3%
Motors cars & vehicles for
transporting persons (not
8702)4%
Motors vehicles for transport of goods4%
Palm oil & its fractions, not chemically modified7%
Electric apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy telephone sets, teleprinters, modems, facsimile machines16%
Others15% Semifinished
products of iron or nonalloy steel17%
Mineral or chemical
fertilizers, potassic3%
Mineral or chemical fertilizers, mixtures of nitrogen, phosphorous or potassium, other fertilizers and all packaged fertilizers less than 10kg4%
Crude oil from petroleum and
bituminous minerals
31%
Oil (not crude) from petrol &
bituminous minerals etc.
30%
4040 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
6.1 Net Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments, by source country
6 Investments in ASEAN
Notes: Data for 2012 are preliminary figures; no data available for Brunei Darussalam. Lao PDR and Myanmar’s data on ‘by source country’ arenot yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.Source of data: ASEAN FDI Database
FDI inflows in the region amounted to US$110.3 billion, showing a flat growth in 2012 vis-à-vis 2011. Intra-ASEAN investments has grown in recent years although the level remained far below compared to that from extra-ASEAN. In 2012, FDI inflows largely came from EU-28, Japan and intra-ASEAN. Japan’s FDI in the region rose sharply, offsetting the decline from EU-28.
Intra-ASEAN
Extra-ASEAN
Total
in million US$
200520042003200220012000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012p/
0
120,000
80,000
100,000
60,000
20,000
40,000
China
EU
USA
in million US$
20052000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012p/
0
30,000
28,000
26,000
24,000
22,000
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
-2,000
EU
Japan
ASEAN
USA
China
4141ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
2000-2005 2006-2012
Intra- ASEAN
Extra- ASEAN
Total
6.2 Net Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments, in percent of GDP
6 Investments in ASEAN
Notes: Data for 2012 are preliminary figures; no data available for Brunei Darussalam. Lao PDR and Myanmar’s data on ‘by source country’ are not yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.Source of data: ASEAN FDI Database
As a percentage of GDP, FDI inflows in the region was about 4.8 percent in 2012. The highest recorded was in 2007, reaching 6.5 percent. For periods 2006-2012, Singapore reaped the highest FDI inflows as a percentage of GDP at 19.2 percent, followed by Cambodia (at 7.8 percent), and Viet Nam (at 7.3 percent). Meanwhile, the rest of the Member States posted below 5.0 percent.
200520042003200220012000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 201250 25201510
in percent of GDP
percent of GDP
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
ASEAN
Indonesia
Cambodia
BruneiDarussalam
4242 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
EU, 21.4%
ASEAN,16.9%
Japan, 13.2%
USA,8.3%
China, 4.1%
Others,36.0%
by major source country
Brunei Darussalam
0.6% Cambodia1.1% Indonesia
16.1% Lao PDR0.4%
Malaysia9.4%
Myanmar1.8%
Philippines2.3%
Singapore48.5%
Thailand10.1%
Viet Nam9.8%
by receiving country
6.3 Net Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments to ASEAN, from 2008-2012
6 Investments in ASEAN
Notes: Data for 2012 are preliminary figures; no data available for Brunei Darussalam. Lao PDR and Myanmar’s data on ‘by source country’ arenot yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.Source of data: ASEAN FDI Database
EU-28 and Japan led the external investors in ASEAN, accounting for almost 35 percent of the total FDI inflows. Singapore secured nearly half of the region’s FDI inflows, followed by Indonesia (with 16.1 percent), Thailand (with 10.1 percent) and Malaysia (with 9.4 percent).
by receiving countryby major source country
Brunei Darussalam
0.6%
Cambodia1.1%
Singapore48.5%
Lao PDR0.4%
Malaysia9.4%
Philippines2.3%
Myanmar1.8%
Indonesia16.1%
Viet Nam 9.8%
Thailand10.1%
4343ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
CLMV
Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Viet Nam
6.4 Net Inflows of Foreign Direct Investments to the ASEAN Member States
6 Investments in ASEAN
Source of data: ASEAN FDI Database
Singapore remained as the leading FDI destination in the ASEAN. FDI inflows to Singapore doubled in 2010, following the global economic crisis in 2008-2009, and since then maintained the US$50 billion plus level of FDI inflows.In recent years, high influx of FDI in Viet Nam ranked it first among the CLMV economies. In 2012, Viet Nam’s FDI inflows reached US$8.4 billion.
0
60,00055,000
50,00045,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000
ASEAN 6
Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012p/
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012p/
0
14,00013,00012,00011,00010,0009,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000
in million US$
in million US$
ASEAN6
Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore
Myanmar Viet NamCambodia Lao PDR
Thailand
4444 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
0
75,000
150,000
225,000
Agro-based Automotive Electronics Fisheries Rubber-based Textiles and Apparels
Wood-based
in million US$
2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
7.1 Trend of Total Exports - 7 Priority Integration Sectors
7 ASEAN Priority Integration Sectors
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
For the past years, electronic products remained as the region’s main export earner. However, its share to total exports has decreased from 29.5 percent in 2005 to 15.6 percent in 2012.
0
225,000
150,000
75,000
Agro-based Automotive Electronics Fisheries Rubber-based Wood-basedTextiles andApparels
in million US$
4545ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Agro-based Automotive Electronics Fisheries Rubber-based Textiles and Apparels Wood-based
in million US$
2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
7.2 Trend of Intra-ASEAN Exports - 7 Priority Integration Sectors
7 ASEAN Priority Integration Sectors
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
In 2012, intra-ASEAN exports of electronic products declined by 9.3 percent to US$48.6 billion from US$53.6 billion the previous year. Similarly, its share to intra-ASEAN exports has more than halved from 28.4 percent in 2005 to 15.0 in 2012.
Agro-based Automotive Electronics Fisheries Rubber-based Wood-basedTextiles andApparels
10,000
60,000
40,000
50,000
30,000
20,000
0
in percent
2001 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
4646 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
7.3 ASEAN Exports - 7 Priority Integration Sectors, annual rate of change
7 ASEAN Priority Integration Sectors
Source of data: ASEAN Trade Database
In 2012, exports of electronic products, accounting for 15.6 of the region’s total exports, reversed favorably by 1.0 percent from last year’s negative growth. Except for the decline in agro-based (by 6.3 percent) and fisheries products(by 42.6 percent), export receipts from the other 5 Priority Integration Sectors recorded upturns. Automotive products posted the highest growth at 16.6 percent followed by wood-based products (at 14.1 percent) and rubber-based products (at 12.1 percent).
in percent60
30
45
0
-15
15
-30
-45
-60
Agro-based Automotive Electronics Fisheries Rubber-based Wood-basedTextiles andApparels
474747ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.1 Total ASEAN Export and Import of Services in billion US Dollars and as percentage of GDP
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat database
Total Export; 319.7
Total Import; 306.5
20062005 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122007
Value in billion US$
350
300
200
150
100
0
-50
50
250
20062005 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122007
% of GDP
25%
20%
15%
0%
5%
10%
Total Export; 319.7
Total Import; 306.5
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Value in billion US$
Total Export; 13.8%
Total Import; 13.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
% of GDP
Total Export,319.7
Total Export,13.8%
Total Import,306.5
Total Import,13.3%
4848 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.2 Total ASEAN Exports by 11 Service Headings
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat database
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012Transportation
Travel
Communication services
Construction services
Insurance services
Financial Services
Computer and information services
Royalties and license fees
Other business services
Personal, cultural, and recreational servicesGovernment services, n.i.e
494949ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.3 Total ASEAN Imports by 11 Service Headings
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat database
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012Transportation
Travel
Communication services
Construction services
Insurance services
Financial Services
Computer and information services
Royalties and license fees
Other business services
Personal, cultural, and recreational servicesGovernment services, n.i.e
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 Transportation
Travel
Communication services
Construction services
Insurance services
Financial Services
Computer and information services
Royalties and license fees
Other business services
Personal, cultural, and recreational services
Government services, n.i.e
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Celullar phone per 1000 persons
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
- 200 400 600 800
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Internet subscribers/users per 1000 persons
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
5050 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.4 Internet Subscribers/User and Cellular Phone Densities (per 1000 persons) in ASEAN
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat database
Internet subscribers/users per 1000 persons Celullar phone per 1000 persons
Internet subscribers/users in the Member States continued to expand in 2012. In terms of cellular phone units per 1000 persons, the number increased noticeably in all Member States. Except in Myanmar, the rest of the Member States showed that there are more than 1000 units per 1000 persons - this further implies that 1 person owned more than 1 unit of cellular phone.
BruneiDarussalam
Cambodia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Singapore
Thailand
Philippines
Indonesia
Viet Nam
BruneiDarussalam
Cambodia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Singapore
Thailand
Philippines
Indonesia
Viet Nam
200- 800600400 500- 2,0001,5001,000- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Celullar phone per 1000 persons
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
- 200 400 600 800
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Internet subscribers/users per 1000 persons
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Celullar phone per 1000 persons
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
- 200 400 600 800
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Internet subscribers/users per 1000 persons
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
51
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Value in percent
5151ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.5 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length, in percent
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat database
20
120
80
100
60
40
0
Value in percent
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Viet Nam
Malaysia
MyanmarLao PDRCambodia
Brunei Darussalam
Singapore
Indonesia
ThailandPhilippines
5252 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.6 Visitor Arrivals to ASEAN Member States
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Tourism Database
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
Value in thousand
2000 2005 2012
In 2012, Malaysia continued to be the most visited country in the ASEAN as tourist arrivals reached 25 million. Catching up is Thailand with 22 million and Singapore at 14 million. Tourist arrivals to the region reached 89 million, with 83 percent cor-nered by the ASEAN6. Nevertheless, foreign visitors to the CLMV were higher by 19.2 percent while tourist arrivals in ASEAN6 increased by 8.2 percent from the previous year.
5,000
30,000
20,000
25,000
15,000
10,000
0Brunei
DarussalamCambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
Value in thousand
535353ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.7 Intra-ASEAN Visitor Arrivals
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat database
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
Value in thousand
2000 2005 2012
Malaysia was way ahead among the ten Member States in intra-ASEAN visitor arrivals at close to 20 million in 2012 while Thailand and Singapore gathered 6.5 million and 5.7 million, respectively.
5,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
0Brunei
DarussalamCambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
Value in thousand
54 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 20135454 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2013
8.8 Total and Intra-ASEAN Visitor Arrivals, by country of destination, 2012
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community
Source of data: ASEAN Tourism Database
Malaysia garnered 47.2 percent share of intra-ASEAN’s tourist arrivals and 28.1 percent of the overall foreign visitors to the region.
Intra-ASEAN Total
Myanmar1.2%
Philippines4.8%
Singapore16.2%
Thailand25.1%
Viet Nam7.7%
BruneiDarussalam
0.2%
Cambodia4.0%
Indonesia9.0%
Lao PDR3.7%
Malaysia28.1%
Myanmar0.4%
Philippines0.9%
Singapore14.4%
Thailand16.2%
Viet Nam3.4%
BruneiDarussalam
0.3%
Cambodia3.8%
Indonesia6.5%
Lao PDR6.8%
Malaysia47.2%