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ASEAN Power Grids
Interconnection Projects
for Energy Efficiency and Security Supply
HAPUA’s perspective and analysis on Regional
electricity systems and sustainability
By
Bot Sosani
HAPUA Secretarat
Sustainable Energy Training, Bangkok – 25th November 2013
OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
• I. BRIEF OF HAPUA MEMBERS COUNTRY
• III. THE APG PROJECTS
• IV. THE APG BARRIERS
• V. THE APG WAY FORWARDS
• II. THE APAEC (ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation 2010 - 2015 )
• VI. THE HAPUA ENERGY MIXED
I. BRIEF OF HAPUA MEMBERS COUNTRY
• CONSISTED OF 10 ASEAN UTILITIES
• TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY 2011 = 155 392 MW
• THE POWER CAPACITY PLANT TO DEVELOP UP TO THE YEAR 2030 = 210 892 MW
• TOTAL NUMBER CUSTOMERS (2011) = 95.3 MIILION
Energy Supply Industry Structure of HAPUA Members Country
Country Utility Serves Note Installed
Capacity
(MW)
1. Brunei Darussalam Departement of Electrical
Services (DES)
Vertical Integrated Utility
(VIU)
804
2. Cambodia Electricite Du Cambodge
(EDC)
VIU 827
3. Indonesia PT PLN (persero) VIU 34 928
4 Lao PDR Electricite Du Laos VIU 2 170
5. Malaysia Tenaga Berhad
SESCO
SESB
VIU Penisular Malaysia
VIU Serawak State
VIU Sabah
27 179
6. Myanmar Ministry of Electric Power
(MEPE) 1
MEPE (2)
Transmission and Distribution
Hydro Power Generation
3 461
7. Philippines National Power Corporation
Trans Co
Power Generation Company
Transmission Company
15 881
8. Singapore SP Power Grid Gencos, T & D 10 000
9. Thailand EGAT
MEA & PEA
Generation, SO & Transmission
Distribution/Retail Supply
34 335
10. Vietnam Electricity of Vietnam
(EVN)
VIU 25 8074
5
HAPUA Power Plant Development Project Committed in MW (2012 – 2030)
Coal : 57 %
Hydro : 16 %
N Gas : 8 %
Geo : 4 %
Renewable : 4.2 %
Coal N Gas Hydro Geo.Th Oil Renewable Nuclear Total
Brunei (2209 - 2013) 6 6
Cambodia (2009 - 2020) 1105 143 1248
Indonesia (2012-2021) 37700 2500 6300 6300 52800
Lao ( 2012 - 2022) 1800 7557 9357
Malaysia ( 2012 - 2030) 570 750 584 1904
Myanmar( 2009 - 2018) 1205 1205
Phillipines (2012 - 2030) 5394 1495 3042 9931
Singapore (2012 - 2020) 900 900
Thailand (2012 - 2030) 4400 2545 9481 16426
Vietnam (2010 - 2030) 73924 9762 13399 9330 10700 117115
Total 119499 16457 34582 7795 6 12372 20181 210892
Nuclear 10 %
Electrification Ratio as June 2012Country Electrification Rate (%) Population
without electricity (millions)
Total Urban Rural
Brunei 99.7 100.0 98.6 0.0
Cambodia 24.0 66.0 12.5 11.2
Indonesia 64.5 94.0 32.0 81.1
Laos 55.0 84.0 42.0 2.7
Malaysia 99.4 100.0 98.0 0.2
Myanmar 13.0 19.0 10.0 42.8
Philippines 86.0 97.0 65.0 12.5
Singapore 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0
Thailand 99.3 100.0 99.0 0.4
Vietnam 89.0 99.6 85.0 9.5
HWG-1 6
II. OBJECTIVE OF APAEC PROGRAM NO 1.
• To facilitate and expedite the implementation of the ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan and to further harmonize technical standards and operating procedures as well as regulatory and policy frameworks among the ASEAN Member States.
• To support the success of ASEAN Economic Community by 2015, on free of flow and trade of Energy
STRATEGIC GOALS OF APG
• To achieve a long-term security, availability and reliability of energy supply, particularly in electricity through regional energy cooperation in Trans-ASEAN Energy Network
• To optimize the region’s energy resources towards an integrated ASEAN Power Grid system, and
• To further harmonize all aspect of technical standard and operating procedure as well as regulatory frame works among member country.
III. THE APG PROJECTS
A. THE BACKGROUND THOUGH
(1) The ASEAN region as a whole has abundant energy resources with great diversity. There are large hydropower potentials as well as huge oil, natural gas, and coal resources.
This provides vast opportunities to exploit these energy resources collectively within ASEAN thereby reducing the need and independency on imported fuel from other regions.
(2) It is expected that interconnection will give rise to the following benefits;
• Greater economic generation and transmission of electricity
• Greater reliability and security of electricity supply in member countries
• Provision of a platform for future energy trade
10
Sub-system A
Energy Resource Hydro
Sub-system B
Energy Resources
Fossil fuel & Geothermal
Sub-system C
Energy Resources
Hydro, Geothermal & Fossil
The Fuel Input for Generation
11
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
225,000
250,000
275,000
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Generation
Demand
Generation Growth
8,135 MW
Demand Growth
6,050 MW
Demand Growth
6,657 MW
Demand Growth
7,101 MW
2010 2014 2018 2022 2025
Generation (MW) 112,061 152,735 174,054 214,825 252,979
Demand (MW) 72,241 97,157 127,407 160,693 189,098
Demand Growth
4,983 MW
Generation Growth
4,264 MW
Generation Growth
8,154 MW
Generation Growth
9,539 MW
MW
THE DEMAND OF HAPUA SYSTEM IS GROWING ; 7 %/ YEAR
12
THE FOSSIL FUEL IS MAJOR SHARE
50,000
250,000
450,000
650,000
850,000
1,050,000
1,250,000
1,450,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Hydro&Pump Gas
Diesel Heavy Oil
Lignite&Coal Uranium
Geothermal Renew&Others
14%20% 19%
19%18%
53%44%
38%
34%
33%
29%
32%
41%
43%
42%3%
7%
GWh
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS FROM THE AIMS II STUDY
• The study confirmed that the power interconnection is economically and technically feasible within the region.
• AIMS-II identified at least 14 generic interconnection projects which are feasible for the purpose of economic energy exchange and power import/export.
• The results of AIMS-II also identified significant saving in investment of
new power projects and operating costs within member countries. By 2025, there will be up to 19,576 MW of cross-border power purchase
and 3,000 MW of energy exchange through the cross borderinterconnections
The integration of ASEAN Network resulted in a net saving of 788 MUSDand a reduction in installed capacity by 2,013 MW
14
APG INTERCONNECTION STATUS
(Revised by August 2013)
ASEAN POWER GRID
CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
SARAWAK
BRUNEI
P. MALAYSIA
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
YUNNAN
BATAM
SINGAPORE
8
11
14
10
6
12
43
1
7
2
5
9
13
15
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
SARAWAK
BRUNEI
P. MALAYSIA
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
YUNNAN
BATAM
SINGAPORE
8
11
14
10
6
12
43
1
7
2
5
9
13
15
16
Earliest COD
1) P.Malaysia - Singapore (New) 2018
2) Thailand - P.Malaysia
• Sadao - Bukit Keteri Existing
• Khlong Ngae - Gurun Existing
• Su Ngai Kolok - Rantau Panjang 2015
• Khlong Ngae – Gurun (2nd Phase, 300MW) 2016
3) Sarawak - P. Malaysia 2015-2021
4) P.Malaysia - Sumatra 2017
5) Batam - Singapore 2015-2017
6) Sarawak - West Kalimantan 2015
7) Philippines - Sabah 2020
8) Sarawak - Sabah – Brunei
• Sarawak –Sabah 2020
• Sabah – Brunei Not Selected
• Sarawak – Brunei 2012, 2016
9) Thailand - Lao PDR
• Roi Et 2 - Nam Theun 2 Existing
• Sakon Nakhon 2 – Thakhek – Then Hinboun (Exp.) Existing
• Mae Moh 3 - Nan - Hong Sa 2015
• Udon Thani 3- Nabong (converted to 500KV) 2018
• Ubon Ratchathani 3 – Pakse – Xe Pian Xe Namnoy 2018
• Khon Kaen 4 – Loei 2 – Xayaburi 2019
• Thailand – Lao PDR (New) 2015-2023
10) Lao PDR - Vietnam 2011-2016
11) Thailand - Myanmar 2016-2025
12) Vietnam - Cambodia (New) 2017
13) Lao PDR - Cambodia 2016
14) Thailand - Cambodia (New) 2015-2020
15) East Sabah - East Kalimantan 2020
16) Singapore – Sumatra 2020
1. To realize the APG project AMS need a vast sources of fund , the total
cost of the project are :
2. The HAPUA committed to accelerate the implementation of ASEAN Power Grid in support of Master plan on ASEAN Connectivity. The goal of HAPUA program is to realize the APG by 2015, by alleviate the barriers in cross border aspect , as such legal , technical standard and financial institution
3. The 30th AMEM recommendation; noting that private sector involvement would catalyze the implementation of the APG, the Meeting further tasked HAPUA to recommend steps to enhance private sector engagement
Subsystem Cost
Subsystem A: 1,205.39 MUSD
Subsystem B: 1,494.86 MUSD
Subsystem C: 986.54 MUSD
Total 3,686.79 MUSD
APG INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY
THE DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTS APG
Interconnection Type & Size VOLTAGE
(KV)
POINT TO POINT
DISTANCE ( KM)
Thailand – Lao PDR
Nong Khai – Khoksa-at
Thoeng – Bo Keo
HVAC 600 MW
230
115
35
72
Thailand – Cambodia HVAC 300 MW 230 300
Peninsular Malaysia - Sumatra HVDC 600 MW 275 272
Singapore - Peninsular Malaysia HVDC 600 MW 250 42
Singapore – Sumatra HVDC 600 MW 250 270
Singapore – Batam HVAC 600 MW 230 32
Thailand - Peninsular Malaysia HVDC 600 MW 300 110
Sabah – Philippines HVDC 500 MW 500 800
Sarawak – West Kalimantan HVAC 200 MW 275 128
Sarawak - Brunei HVAC 300 MW 275 13
Sarawak - Peninsular Malaysia HVDC 800 MW 500 1 650
COST ESTIMATE OF THE PROJECTS
Interconnection Type & Size Total investment
(MUSD)
Thailand – Lao PDR HVAC 600 MW 45.1
Thailand – Cambodia HVAC 300 MW 134.3
Peninsular Malaysia -
Sumatra
HVDC 600 MW 335.2
Singapore - Peninsular
Malaysia
HVDC 600 MW 436.01
Singapore – Sumatra HVDC 600 MW 682.45
Singapore – Batam HVAC 600 MW 376.40
Thailand - Peninsular
Malaysia
HVDC 600 MW 63.0
Sabah – Philippines HVDC 500 MW 522.70
Sarawak – West
Kalimantan
HVAC 200 MW 132.97
Sarawak - Brunei HVAC 300 MW 269
Sarawak - Peninsular
Malaysia
HVDC 800 MW n.a
19
legal and regulatory framework for bilateral and cross - border
power interconnection and trade
Technical standards codes or guidelines in the areas of Planning
and Design, System Operation and Maintenance
Formulation of institutional and contractual arrangements for
cross-border electricity trade to include Taxation, Tariff and
Third Party Access (Wheeling Charge)
Financing Modalities for realizing the APG
IV. THE APG BARRIERS ON CROSS BORDER ISSUES
V. THE WAY FORWARD FOR SUCCESS OF APG PROJECTS
THE HAPUA COUNCIL RECOMMENDS ;
A. THE FINALIZATION OF GUIDELINES AS FOLLOWS:
• ensuring reliability of operation, performance and safety standards and procedures in generation and transmission of electricity in any future interconnection.
• model framework for tax, tariffs and customs laws that may be applied to the sale and transmission of electricity between the contracting member countries;
• investment sources for the bilateral and multilateral interconnection among the ASEAN member countries;
• effective enforcement of Bilateral and Multilateral interconnection Agreements between the contracting member countries
1. Project No.4 Penninsular Malaysia- Sumatra Interconnection (IMT-GT: Indonesia)
PLN and TNB has signed the MOU AND HOA, COD 2017
2. Project No 6 West Kalimantan-Sarawak Interconnection (BIMP-EAGA: Indonesia);
PLN and SEB has reach the final agreement ; COD 2015
B APG’S PRIORITY PROJECTS TO SUPPORT “ASEAN ECONOMIC CONNECTIVITY “ (AEC)
The study on following areas:
• Country Energy Development by Utilizing the Available Energy Indigenous Resources in The Region,
• Regulation on Taxation and Tariff System for Cross Border Power Transaction,
• Regulation on Private Participation in APG Project,
C. CONDUCT PRIORITY STUDIES TO ALLEVIATE THE BARRIERS
6.1 Brunei
Brunei Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Brunei Fuel Mix for Power Gen.
2020Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:
• NG is still the dominant fuel in power generation
• RE Development is ongoing to help diversify fuel mix.
100% NG99.99% NG
Source: ERIA
23
VI. PROFILE OF ASEAN FUEL MIX FOR POWER GEN.
6.2 Cambodia
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:
• Coal and RE will play a dominant role in future fuel mix.
• Large Hydro resource potential contributes to improvement in
fuel diversification.• Share of oil use is smaller although its amount is larger.
55%
45%
Cambodia Fuel Mix for Power Gen.
2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
45%
10%
4%
41%
Cambodia Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Source: ERIA
24
6.3 Indonesia
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:
• Encourage increased share of renewable energy by speeding up the completion of geothermal
power plants, hydropower optimization and utilization of bio-diesel.
• Encourage completion of the 10,000 MW Fast Track Program Phase I to increase the percentage of
coal in energy mix.
• Increase the supply of gas for power generation through the construction of
Floating Storage Re-gasification.
35%
26%
24%
12%
3%
Indonesia Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
58%
3%
21%
5%13%
Indonesia Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2019
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia
25
6.4 Lao PDR
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:
• Large Hydro resource potential still plays a major role in its fuel mix.• Coal will be used more in the future to match the higher demand.
Laos Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
49%51%
Laos Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
100% Hydro
Source: ERIA
26
6.5 Malaysia
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:• Prioritise indigenous gas resources for local consumption and build storage for
substitute fuels
• Secure long-term contract with suppliers and from multiple coal supplier countries
• Develop feasible and viable hydro projects
• Introduce Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) to support the RE growth in Malaysia
• Study the possibility of introducing nuclear power
37%
2%
54%
7%
Malaysia Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2009
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
41%
49%
4% 6%
Malaysia Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Source: Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Malaysia
27
6.6 Myanmar
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:
• Significant hydro power will be developed
• Constant use of fossil fuels, i.e. coal, NG and oil for power gen.• RE resource potential is large, e.g. biomass
7%5%
23%
66%
Myanmar Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
1% 1%
3%
95%
Myanmar Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Source: ERIA
28
6.7 Philippines
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:• Philippines has a long-term Energy Plan to promote sustainable increase of RE capacity
power generation.
• Implementation of RE Law
• FiT Rates, RPS, Net Metering, Renewable Energy Market
• Formulation of the National Renewable Energy Plan (NREP)
• Conduct of study on new and emerging technologies, e.g. Nuclear.
Source: Department of Energy, Philippines
34%
10%29%
12%
15%
Philippines Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
RE
44%
7%
25%
10%
14%
Philippines Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
RE
Source: ERIA
29
6.8 Singapore
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:• Around 80% of SG’s electricity is generated from piped gas.
• To enhance energy security, SG aims to deliver a SG LNG terminal, which will
allow an access from diverse sources worldwide, to be completed by 2013.
• SG also requires generation licensees to reserve sufficient fuel of at least 90 daysfor emergency preparedness.
Source: Energy Market Authority, Singapore Source: ERIA
17%
77%
6%
Singapore Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
21%
79%
Singapore Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
30
6.9 Thailand
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:• Diversify types and sources of fuel used for power gen. to reduce risks of supply
disruption and price volatility.
• Encourage power generation from potential RE and, according to the RE
Development Plan, it is targeted to produce 5.6 TWh of electricity from RE by
2022.
• Promote the use of clean fuel for power gen., e.g. setting relevant standards and
promoting CDM.
• Promote cooperation with neighboring countries in joint development of power
projects and purchase.
Source: Ministry of Energy & EGAT, Thailand
18% 1%
76%
4% 1%
Thailand Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
RE
23%
0%
63%
4%3%
7%
Thailand Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
RE
31
6.10 Vietnam
Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy:• Vietnam is rich in energy resources, namely: Coal reserves about 5.88 bill tons and
Oil and Gas reserves about 3.3 - 4.4 bill cubic meters equivalent, with the gas reserve share of 55-60%.
• Hydro power potential is about 123 bill kWh with a total capacity of 18,000-20,000 MW
• The building of Nuclear Power Plants has started and the first unit of 1,000 MW is
expected to run by 2020. Then, in 2025 additional 8,000 MW NPPs will be in
operation contributing to a share of 7 % of total grid installed capacity. The
subsequent phase will start in 2030 with another 15,000 MW NPPs, making a
total nuclear power share of 10% of total grid installed capacity.
Source: ERIA
28%
3%
39%
30%
Vietnam Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2010
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
29%
2%
26%7%
36%
Vietnam Fuel Mix for Power Gen. 2020
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
32
33
HAPUA 2013
THANK YOU
TERIMA KASIH
THANKS TO : HAPUA WG 2