TEXTS.

ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF ASOKA

SHAHBAZGARHI, KHlLSI, GIRNAR, DHAULI, AND JAUGADA.

sKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

AyamIyamlyara* #Iyam

Ranyo# *EanyaLajoLajina

# * #

hitaviyehitavyam* # *hitaviye

# # #

dosadosam* * #

dosam

2 ati pi* *athi picha.

6 asti pitu* * #

athi pichu

PriyadasisaPiyadasisaPiyadasino

3 Piyadasine3 Piyadasine

RanyoJjajineRanyo

•

Laiine

dharmalipidhammalipidhammalipidha * *dhammalipi

likhapi .lekhapi.lekhapita . .# # #likhapita .

cha pi *2 no pi ch;

EDICT I.

[ omitted ] Devanampriyasaf do. ] Devanampiyena[ do. ] Devanampiyena# # # * si pavatasi Devanampiye *Khepingalasi pavatasi Devanampiyena

Hidam lo ke * jiva. * * *Hida no kichhi jive. alabhituIdha na kinchi jivam arabhida* * * * * . * vam alabhituHida no kichhi jivam. alabhiti

sama* * * * * * *i samaje. kataviye bahukam

4 na cha samaje. katavyo bahukam# # # # * * * 2# * # bahukam

2 no pi cha samaje. kataviye babukain

* * #

samejasa.5 samajamhi.

* # *samejasa.

* katiyaekatiyaekachaekachaekatiya

RanyoLajineRanyoLajineLajine

anudivasauianndivasamanudivasaui# #anudivasara

* # # * 4 # # # # • # #

Devanampiye Piyadasi Lajapasati Devanampiyo Piyadasi Raja* # # # n a m # * # # # * #dakhati Devanampiye Piyadasi . Laja

* # #

PiyadasinaPiyadasina,# # *Piyadasina

* * *

pajapajupajapapaja

* #

hihi

* *hi

# # *

dakhati

# # *

samayasa samato Devanampriyasasamaj& sadhumata Devanampiyasasamaja sadhumata 7 Devanampiyasasamajasa sadhumata Devanampiyasasamaja sadhumata Devanampiyasa

para mahanasasa Devanampriyasa3 pale mahanasansi Devanampiyasa

pura mahanasaphi 8 Devanampiyasa* * niaha * * * * nam * *pulavam. mahanapasi Devanampiyasa

bahuni pan a taha * asanibahuni satasahasani

9 bahuni pana satasahasanibahuni* pana* satasahasanibahuni pana satasahasani

PriyadasisaPiyadasisjiPiyadasinoPiya *Piyadasine

* *

alambhiyisuarabhisualabhiyisualabhiyi

66 TEXTS.

sKGDJ

SKGD3

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

#supathaj'asupathayasusupathayesusupathaye

tada

stiekeeko* # #

eke

esaesaniete* * *etani

# *se imani

10 sa aja4 se aja4 se aja

anatamtaniye

tinnitinniye

mage na•

migein ago# * #mige

pe —•—pi tinipati —* * * tinnipichu tinni

*yadayadaada

(*) ada

yo va pranamvi pananieva pana* # # * * *vam panani

so pi•

— so pi# # # * #

— se pichu

— panam trayipanani

— p a n a ••

pananipanani

iyamayamiyamiyam

ganetialabhiyantiarabhire

* labhiyaalabhiyanti

magemigema go

* # * •mige

pacha_— pachha— panchha— pachha

1 dharmalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipi

* * #

•supathaya* # #

[ # * *

nanona* # #

, no

nonanano

likhitalekhitalikhitatllikhitalikhita

jata kate3 deva majali

dwanlera* # *duvema

dhavadhavedhuvo# # #dhuvam

arabhisanti.alabhiyisanti.arabhisantealabhiyisanti.alabhiyisanti.

E DIC T 11.

sKGD,1

SKG

DJ

b

IV

GDJ

SKGT>J

SKGDJ

SavatamSavataSavata

5 SavataSavatam

yi *mathayatha,dfe Jfc dfcTT flF *

atha

a

chachava pi

6 va pivapi

sarvatosavatasavatasavatasavata

vijitevijitamsivijitamhivijitamsivijitasi

# # #

ChodaChoda# # #

Choda

TambapaniTambapanni

3 Tambapanni

.

aranyaalanne* # #

L

DevanampriyasaDevanampiyasaDevanampiyasaDevanampiyasaDevanampiyasa

4PandiyaPandiya

Panda• # #Pandiya

A "NTT T VmrP.N R

s ANTIYOGEXVA. i J. J. -1> V / VJIX14

ANTIYAKOANTIYOKEANTIYOKE

tasatasatasatasatasa

PriyadasisaPiyadasisaPiyadasinoPiyadasinePiyadasine

Satiyaputra. Satiyaputo

Satiyaputo# # #Satiyaput*

nama

namanama

ANTIYOKASAANTIYOGASAANTIYAKASAANTIYOKASAANTIYOKASA

Devanampriyasa Priyadasisa EanyoDevanampiyasa Piyadasisa LajineDevanampiyasa Piyadasino EanyoDevanampiyasa *Piyadasino * * *Devanampiyena Piyadasina. Laji

RanyoLajineEanyoLa * *Lajine

cha .

—:

Yon aYonaYona

7 Yona

samantasamantasaminamgatnnatasamanta

kisaduvedwe* * 4

# # # #yecha anta

2 vamapipachantesu# # * #evapi anta

KetalaputraKethalaputoKetalaputo

EajayeLa janeEajayeLajaLajae—

EanyayeLajane

4 EajanoLajaneLajane

kabhachikisachhachiklchha

* * * *

TEXTS. 67

sKG1)J

S

KGDJ

SKGDJ

c

KG

T

KGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

* * #katakata# # #———

# * #

osadhaniosudhani(a)(osa) dhani 7

osadhani

# * # # # #manusa chikisa cha

5 manusa chikichha cha* sa chikisa

chikisa

* * * *5esa(?)

cha yani•

ani

yata yatra nastiata tayata yata

atataatata

lopapitaropapitanilopapita

.

yata

ta

vatamatesu

8 pathesumatesumatesu

khanapitaniropapitalopapitani

nathinastinathinathi

rL

cha savamevacha 7

~—>—•

rL

nathi savatanasti savata

vatanathi savata

cha kupa

kupa

pratibhogayepatibhogayepatibhogayapatibhogaye

chacha

janasopakanimanusopagammanusopaganimunisopaganimunisopagani

savatra6 savata

savatasavatasava

mulani chamtilani cha

halopitaharapitanihalopitahalapita

chachacha

pasupasupasupa

# # *pasupasupasu

8 pasu

chachacha 6

harapitihalapitaharapitanihalapita# # *

phalaniphalani

J

chachachacha

khanapitamahithanikhanapitdkhanapitanikhanapitani

manusanam.munisanam.manusanam.* nusanam.

# # #chikisachikichhachikisacbikisa

pasopakanipasopaganipasopaganipasun opaganipasun opagani

chachachacha# #

chacba

lopapitaropapitani

8 lopapitalopapita

______

udapananivachha.lukhanilukhani

# *chachachacha

chachachachacha

#

kayatayata

chachachacha

chachacha

E D I C T I I I .

sKGDJ

DevanampriyeDevanampiyeDcvanampiyoDevanampiyeDevanampiye

PnyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasi

EanyaLajaRajaLajaLaja

hevamevamhevamhevam

ahatiahdahaahaaha

Baraya7 DuvadasaDwadasaDuvadasaDuvadasa

vasbavasavasavasavasa

(a). The tirst letter of this word is the initial o and not u.

68 TEXTS,

sKGDJ

SKGDJ

S

KGDJ

S

KGDJ

S

KGD

T

a

oo

KGDJ

S

KGDJ

S

KGDJ

S

KGDJ

bhisitebhisitenabhisitenabhisite

yotayatayutayuta

mi")———

namemayame—

. name

_____

cha

vasheshuvasesuvasesuvasesuvasesu

(omitted)

kammanekammane

kramayekammanekammaya

santhutasantutasan * *santhute

______

danedanamdanedane

sadhusadhusadhusadhu

#

*thavatatotete

hevam# #

sadhusadhusadhusadhu

ta

natikyanan:nyatinam

11 natisu13 sa natisu

.

pananapanenamjivesujivesu

parisapapalisapiparisfipipalisapi

. # *

cha

cha

cha

chacha

iyamidamiyamiyam

rajakilajakirajukelajuke

anapayiteanyapitamanatam

a * *

padesi— padesike

cha padesike

savatasavatasa * *

# *

va

chacha * * sike chacha padesike

(a) anusayanam nikhamatuanusayanam nikhamatuanusayanam niyataanusayanam . nikhamavuanusayanam nikhamavu

irnisaimayaimayaimaye

*

mata8 matamatarimata

i cha

cha.cha

dharmanu sanstiyedhammanusathiyadhammanusastiyadhammanusathiya

* * * * * *

pitushu

:— pitasucha pitari

pita

BambhanaBahmanaBambhanaBambhana

— .

— analambhosadhu anarambho

yutrayutayutocha

•

— analambhe— analambhe

cha

etietayevaetayeva

sa

yatha.yatha

.

cha

vijitevijitasivijitevijite# #

panchasu— panchasn

panchasulopanchasu

panchasu

satoathayeathayaathaatha

anayeaunayaanyaya

sususha- sususa

sususasususa

samananam chasamananam —samanehisamanehi

•

sadhu

sadhusadhu

ti * * nadanati ?gananasaanyapayisatia • tiyatani

# # *

vanyana toviyanjana tevyanjana toviyam * * *viyanjana te

7 apavayataapaviyatiapavyayataapaviyati

# # *

anapisantianapeyisantigananayamanapeyisita* * yi

cha.cha.cha.

#cha.

mamamamasa me# *

panchasupanchasupanchasupanchasupanchasu

kavayo

annayepiauaye pi

pi

Pipi

mitramitamita

.,«mita

sadhusadhusadhuaadhu

apabhidataapabhindataapabhindataapabhandata

# # #

hetuhetuhetu(he) tu

18 hetu

(a) The five upright strokes following immediately after the wordspanchatu jxiitchaiu are certainly intended for the figure 5, being only arepetition of ihe number iu words.

TEXTS.

ROCK EDICT IV.

69

sKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SK.GDJ

Atikatam antaram9 Atikatam antalam

Atikatam antaram12 Atikantam antalam

Atikantam antalam

vihisa chavihinsa chavihinsa chavihinsa cha

# # # *

sapatipati tu ajaasampatipati sa ajaasampatipati ta ajaasampatipate :3 se aja

# # * # s e a j a

bahunibahunibahunibahunibahuni

bhutanambhutanambhutanambhutanam

# #

vashasatani vadhito vavasasatani vadhitevavasasatani vadhito evavasasatani vadhitevavasasatani vadhiteva

pranarambhopunalambhepanarambhopanalambhepanalambhe

nyatinu asaptipati Sramanam Bramanamnatina asampatipati Samana Bambhananamnyatisu asampatipati Bahmana Samananamnatisu asampatipati Samana

• * * * # #

Devanam priya * * * * *Devanam piyasa PiyadasinoDevanam piyasa PiyadasinoDevanam piyasa PiyadasineDevanam piyasa Piyadasine

8 dharmacharane bherigosha ahadhammachalanena bhelighose aho

3 dhammacharanena bherighoso ahodhammachalanena bhelighosam ahodhammachalanena bhel * * *

10 hathinicha hasti* * hathini# # # #

cha divanichS. divyanicha divyani»cha diviyani* * diviyani

hi vrashahi vasahi vasahi vasahi vasa

aja vadhiteaja vadhiteaja vadhiteaja vadhi (te)# # * #

anaram * * nanam

ne

dasana* *# *

rupanilupani

. rupani14 lupanam

lupani

satehisatehisatehisatehisate

dharmagosha vimancnadhammaghose vimanadhammaghoso vimanadhammaghosam vimana

m # dfi £c & £:

agikandanicha * agikhandani cha* * agakhandani * *

dusayitu janasa yadisamdasayitu janasa adisamdasayi pujanam yarisedasayitu munisanam adisedusayita munisanam adise

na bhuta purvena huta puluve

4 na bhuta puveno huta puluve# * # • # #

Devanampriyasa Priyadarsisa EanyoDevanampiyasa Piyadasino LajineDevanampiyasa Piyadasino EanyoDevanampiyasa Piyadasine Lajine

* *

avihisaanalambhe paoanam avihinsa

6 anarambho pananam avihinsals analambhe pananam avihinsa

analambhe pananani avihinsa

Babhanesu•• # *

# • #

LajaneEanyoLajineLajine

dasanenadasanamdasanadasanam

* * *

anyaniannanianyaniannani* *

bahubahubahubahubahu

tadisetadisetarisetadise

# *

dharmanusaustayadhnmmanusathi3-edhammanusasti}-adhamm&nusathiya

* * * * * * 17dhammdnusathiya

bhutana nyatasa * * * * * »bhutanam natisam " sampatipati Bambhanabhutanam nyatinam sampatipati Bahmanabhutanam natisu sampatipati Samanabhutanam natisunam s * * * * *

10 TEXTS.

S 9 Srauiananam sampatipati mata pitashuK Samaimnam sampafcipati mata pitisuG Samananam sampatipati matari pitariD Babhauesu sampatipati matu pitaj * # # # # # * #

tu ara sususha esam injasususa khasa cha anne

7 sususa thairi sususa esa anyesususam va sususa esa anne

# esa anne

S cha bahuvadham dharmacharanam vadhitamK cha babuvidhe dhammachalane vadhiteG cha bahuvidhe dhammacharane vadhiteD cha bahuvidhe 16 dhammachalane vadhiteJ cha bahuvidhe dhammachalane vadhite

vadhisati chayovadhiyisati chevavadhayisati chevavadhayisati chevavahhayi *

DevanamprjyasaDevanainpiyeDevanampiyoDevanampiye

* * *

S Priyadarsisa Eanyo dharmacharanam imeK Piyadasi Laja imam dhammachalanamG 8 Piyadasi Raja, dhammacharanam idamD Piya * * Laja dhammachalanam imamj # * * * # # * # #

putra pi cha kunatavochaputa. cha kunatala chaputa, cha pota chaputapi cha nati *

SKGDJ

pranatika chapauatikya chapapota chapa cha

* * cha

DevanampriyasaDevanampiyasaDevanampiyasaDevanampiyasa

Priyadarsisa EanyaPiyadasine LajinePiyadasino RanyoPiyadasine Lajine

19 Piyadasine Lajine

vadhisanti12 vadhayisanti

9 vadhayisanti17 pavadhayisanti

pavadhayisanti

yeafe'idamyevayeva

g * * # #K dhammachalauamG dhammacharanamD dhammachalanamJ dhammachal

icha pavata kupa dharmasila * *ima &V&J kupam dhammasi silasi vaa va savata (a) kapa dhammamhi silamhiimam — akepam dhammasi silasi cha* * # # # • * # *

S ti matoK tithatoG tistantoD vithituJ * *

dharmadhammamdhammam

annsasisantianusasisantianusasisantianusasisanti* # *

eva esa• ese hi sothe10 esa nise ste

esa hise• * • * *

* *

kammekamme

* me* # *

yutaam

S * nusasanamK dhammannsasanamG dhammannsasanamD dhammanusasanamJ * * *

dharmacharanam pi chadhammachalana ,. pi chadhammacharane pi nadhammachalana pi cha

20 dhammachalane pichu

na bhoti asilasa se iniasuno hoti asilasa se imisabhavati asila sava imamhi

18 no hoti asilasa se imasa*no ho * * * * *

S yatasa vadhi ahini cha sadlm etaye athayeK athasa vadhi ahini cha sadhu etaye athayeG athamhi u dhi cha ahini cha sadhu etaya athayaD athasa vadhi * ahini cha sadhu etaye athayeT * * * * * * * • • * * # ft

imaimaidaiyam

SKGDJ

lipithamlikHtelekhapitamlikhite

* *

imisa13 imasa

imasaimasa

athasaathasaathasaathasa

vadhiyavadhiyuvadhiyavadhiyu

* #

nyantu hinijantu hinijantu hinijantu hini

* * hini

mahigacha ma alocliayisucha 12 lochetivyacha ma alochayisucha ma alochayi

(a) Prinsep's first reading of this word was pavata, and the totally different form of the Ariano Pali p in the Shahbazgarhitext shoffs that the first reading of pavata may be correct, although the first letter is clearly * in the Girnar text.

TEXTS 71

sKGDJ

barataduvadasadwadasa

19 duvadasa# *

varsbabhisitenavasabhisitenevasabhisitenavasaniabhisitasa* # •

DevanampriyasaDevanampiyenaDevanampiyenaDevanampiyasa

* # *

PriyadarsisaPiyadasinePiyadasinoPiyadasine

# #

EanyaLajinoEanyoLajine

# #

idam

idamya *

•

lipikhatain.(a)lekhita.lekhapitam.Iikhite.

* *

ROOK EJDIOT V.

sKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDT

J

sKGDJ

SKGPJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

11 Devanampriya Priyadarsi Eayo evam ahatineDevanampiye Piyadasi Laja (omitted) ahaDevanampiyo Piyadasi Eaja evam

20 (De)vanampiya Piyadasi Laja hevamDevanampiye Piyada * * *

va lapachha so daaaram karotie adikale kayana sa dukalam kaletia kalane saso dukaram karoti• kayana sase dukalam kaleti

karana kata mahakayane kate * * mamakalanam kata ta mamakayane kate tam ye me

paran cba tanaya me apacbam14 palan cba teniya apatine me

paran cba tenaya me apacbampalan cha tenaye apatiye mepalan cha te * *

kapam tatha ye anuvati santi tekapam atba anuvatisanti sekapa, anuvatisare tatba, 3 sokapam tatba anuvatisanta sa* * * * • *

ati (c) desam prihapiaata sabeti desam pibapayisati soeta desam pihapesati sota desam pihapayisati so

sahane Atikatam antaramnama su padalaycse Atikatam antaiamSukarambi papam Atikatam antaram

22 supudalayesu Atikantam antalam

aha.aba,

# , # *

. ise

i 2 t ase

putraputaput»puta.

ammanti

•

sakitaeukatamsukatamSuka^am* •

dakatamdukatamdukatamdukatam

nano

4 nano

kayanakayanekalanakayane

# #

mayamayamay4me

cbachacbava

avaavaavaava— —

kusatikacbhantikasatikacbhati• •

kusbautikacbhatikasatikachhati

bhutahutabhutaliuta

dukaradukaledukaranyedukale

# #

babubahubahubabuke

nataro chanata chapotacha

S1 nata cha (b)S3 n o n f i kl #«

uanu cna

samvant»

yochatha evuyo tu* ehe# *

papamhapfpa hi• #

papebi

puvapuluvapuvampuluva

(a). The two letters p and kh seem to have been transposed in this word, which should be read likhapitam.

(b). As the two letters g and t nre easily mistaken, this word should no doubt be nata as iu the two northern texts andnot Ifaga- Mr. Beglar's impression gives nata, and so does bis photograph.

(e). The initial letter might perhaps be h instead of o, as these two characters in Ariano Pali are very much alike.

72 TEXTS.

sKG

DJ

SKGDj

dharmamahamatamdhammamahamata •dhammamahamatadhammamahamata

12 deya dharmamahamatradhammamahamatadhammamahamatadhammamahamata nama

namanamanamanama

kita

kata.kata

sasota mayase

S • dharmadhrithayoK viyapaji 15 dhammadhitanayeG vyapata dhammadhistanayaJ) ^viyapatha dhammadhithaniye

cha

te

tete

tote

savesavasavasava

dharmavadhiyadh ammavadhiy e

* * varshahhisitena *dasavasabhistena mamcvadasavasabhisi (tena)dasavasabhisitena me

hitahita

dhammavadhiye hita

pashandeshupasandesupasandesupasandesu

sukhayasukhaye

sukhaye

S dharma yuthasa Yo (a)K vi dhammayutaso tam Yonam,G dhammayutasa cha Yonam,D cha dhammayuta sa Yona,

S JPitiniJcanam, taK eG JPetenihanam yeD Pitenikesu eJ •

S BramanibheshuK Bambhanithisu

D ™ Babhani bhisasu

anneannaanne

Kambayo Gandharanam, JRastikanamBLambojam, Gandhdldnam,Kambo(cham), Gandharanam, (b) HdstikaKambocha, Gandhdlesu, Lathika

AparantaApalantdApardtdApalantd

bhatamayeshubhatamayesubhatamayesubhati

anatheshuannathesu

anathesu

vathashuvathesu

S dharmayutasa aparigodhraK dhammayutaye apalibodhayeG dhammayutauam aparagodhayaD dhammayutaye apalibodhaya

vapata te 13 bandhanamviyapata: se bandhanamvyapata; te bandhanaviyapata se bandhanam

mahalokesu cha

badhasabadhasabadhasabadhasa

hitahida

hita

sukhayesukhayesukhayesukhaye

patividhanayepatividhanayapatividhanayapativa * * ya

S aparibodhayeK apalibodhaye

D apalibodhaye

S bhikati vaK bhikaleti vaG bhikaresu vaD bliikaleti va

mochavanavaye • —mokhaye cha eyam

mokhaye cha27 mokhaye •

mahalakamahalaketithairesumahalaketi

anubandha

iyam anubandha

pajatipajavatavi

pajapajati

va viyapata ti ehava viyapata te hidava vyapata te Pdtalipute chava viyapata: se hida cha

kita16 katakatakata

bahireshubahilesubah ires ubahilesu

(a) Tbe letter n is bere omitted in the Shahbazgarhi text.

(6) Prinsep here read Gandhara, Naristiha, but the true reading is tbat given in tbe text. Similarly in the Dhauli texttbe tu of bis Snlathika belongs to tbe previous name Qandhalem— leaving Lathika as tbe corresponding equivalent ofXattika in tbe Shabbazgarbi and Girnar texts.

TEXTS. 73

SKGDJ

chachachacha

nagareshunagalesu

nagalesu

sarveshusavesu

savesu (a)

orodhaneshuholodhanesu

olodhanesuevaevahi

bhratunabhatana

bhatanam

chacha na

SKGDJ

mekasuna cha yevapi anye nyatika savatam viyapatabhaginiya evapi anna natikya savata viyapata• 8 ne vapi me anye nyatika savata vyapatabhagininam va26 annesu va natita savata viyapata

SKGD

dharma nistisita tivara dharmadhritane tivadhamma nisitetiva danasayute tivadhamma nistito tiva • ——dhamma nisitativam dhammadhithane, tiva

danasayutra vasavata majata chha

danasayute

mama

va sava pathaviyain

sKGDJ

asti anati mata dharmayutasa vana viyapala. dhammayutasi viyapatale

• dhammayutasi viyapata

dharmamahamatra etayedhammamahamata etayedhammairahamata etayadhammamahamata imaye

S athaya ayoK athaye 17 iyamG athaya ayamD athaye 27 iyam

dharmalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipi

lipi *likhitalikhitalikhitam

* * thiti va tinika bhota panja anuvatantu.chilathitikya hotu tatha che me paja anuvatantu.

chilathiti hotu cha me paja * anuvatatu.

EDICT VI.

sKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

14 Devanampriy(Devanampiye

Devanampiye1 Devanampiye

nano

na

no

no

patimadhrapativedanapativedanapativedanapativedana

) PriyadarsiPiyadasi

siPiyadasiPiyadasi

bhutahutabhutahutahuta

tavasavatava seva se

RayaLajaRajaLajaLaja.

puvapuluvepuvapuluvepuluve

.

ma

ma

ma

evamhevamevamhevamhevam

savasavamsasavarasavam

mayainayamayamayamaya

ahatiahaaha

aha

aha

la (b)kfilam

lakalamkalam

evahevamevam

atikatam antalamatikatam antalamatikatam antaramatikantam antalamatikahtam antalam

atha kammevaatha kamme vaatha kamme vaatha kamme va

kita savamkate savamkatam saveka^e savakate savam

(a) This word (savesu) ia here repeated in the Dhauli text.(6) Omitted in original text.

TEXTS.

sKGDJ

S

KGDJ

S

K"GDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

kalamkalamkale

* #kalam

vava* #— •

stita

—.

cha

chachacha

anapayamianapayamianapayamianapayamianapayami

esimanaadamana

samesa

bhungamana same

2 * *

vinitasivinitasiviniamhivinitasivinitasi

athaathaatho mejanasajanasa

janasajanasajanasajanasajanasa J

•

sakamswayam

dhayaka pi nama tadhana

puna ——— mahamatehi— mahathatesu

———— mahamatehi

viyo pa navivido nivivado nivivadeva nivivadeva

•

viye

viyeviye

mahamatahi

• * • — —

kitikitikiti

mememememe

karomi atrayutisa (c)anapanite mamayamayamame

anapitamanusatheanusatha

na same* same

-

cha

" •

janasajanasajanasaathamatham

athaathamatheatham

i '

pikadipakamdapakamdapakamdapakam

achayika19 achayika

achayikaatiyayikeatiyayike

_ *

• orodhanasi gahhagarasi vachasi-— — ^8 holodhanasi (a) gahhajjalasi vachasi

• orodhanamhi gahhagaramhi vachamhi3 ' ante olodhanasi gahhag

ante olodhanasi gahhag

uyanasi • savatrauyanasi savatauyanseu cha savatauyanasi cha savatauyanasi cha savata

* tivedetu me ———pativedetha ——— iti "pativeda yantu me * tipativedayantu me ti

karomi ya pirokika •kachhami ka peyam pi cha, »*'karome ya cha kinchikaiami 31 ha ampi cha kinchhi

1 am pi cha kinchhi

va ——va savakam vava savapakam vava savakam vava savakam va

nya * nassa bhoti traya

aropitam bhavati tayaalopite hoti tasialopite hoti tasi

* ma parivayesha nantariyenavasantam palisayam anantaliyenavasanto parisayam anantaramvasantam palisaya 31 anantaliyam

titi

nathinastinathlnathi

N.B.—The four following

— lisaya anantaliyam

savatra cha (b) a * *savata savam kalamsavata save kalesavata savam kalamsavata savam kalam

doka anapi chehi me dose uthanasihe me to so utthanamhipi me to se uthanasipi me to se uthanasi

jalasi vachasi;alasi vachasi

prativedakapativedaka,pativedakapativedakapativedaka

savatrasavatasavatasavatasavata

makhatamukhatamukhatamukh'atemukhate

evayevayavaeva

eva

athayeathayeathayaathasiathasi

pativedetasa* * *

pativedetayampativadetapativedeta

* janasahevamevamhevamhevam

ahaathaathaathaatha

lines are found only in the Sh6hldzgarhi text.

(a) As the vowel o in the first syllable of this word is attached to the aspirate, the value of the initial letter in the othertext is determined to be o also, although this was already sufficiently clear from the initial o of the Shahbazgarhi text.

(b) Norris reads atrayautaka.(c) Omitted in original toxt.

TEXTS. 75

ssss

sKGDJ

SjrXV

GDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

SI£GDJ

SKGDJ

dapaka vaacbayiti mera pati

sravakasava

shaye anantariyasavam kaiam evam

santiranayasantilanayesantiranayasantilanayasantilanayam

tasa cba

tase chatasa cbatasa cba

cha nacha nathicha nasticha nathicba natbi

parakamamapalakamamiparakamamipalakamamipalakamami

sukhayamisukhayamisukhapayamisukhayamisukhayami

dharmalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipi

pi katavacba kataviyava katavyacba kataviyacba 5 — —

punapunapana

vabbotinaanyapitam

manatrabimutebimatehimatebi—

mulam•

esiesaiyam

iyam

yatataya

pativi

maya * *

mememememe

etra1

xnuxe

mulem<Ue

mule

i kammatara sava lokabi kammatalam sava lokabi kammataram sava lokabi kammatalam sava lokabi kammatala sava loka

kitibakam kitiaham kintibakam kintibakam

paratam cbapalatam cbaparata cba

• palatam cbapalata cba

thalikhitalekhapita, kint:likbitalil-liiH

me pntranantarome puta daleme puta pota cha

puta.

hi athayahitahitayahitayehitaye

— pota —

ma bbata ta yasa22 dukale cbadukarantudukale cbudukale chu

—— tanam

bhutanam

bhutanam

bbutanam

-

saga

swagam

swagam

svragam

swagam

enani desa

annaniyam

anannam

annaniyamniyam

aradbatu

panaatbayadetarosti hi m<

savasavasavesavasava

at an am

ustina chanthane ——utbane cba

mahamata navividesa vatijatime eavatra

i tatanya atba

loka bitamloka bitaloke bitamloka bitoloka bite

atba santirasa

atha santirana• santilana

atha santilana

bit! ti + yam cha kicbibitayam yam cba kicbhibitattayabitena ambitene am

cba kinchicba kichhicba kiebbi

va cba yam iha cbasbuye ha — hida cba kanigachheyam idha cha nani (a)ye hanti hida cba kani

L ye banti

aladhayantu sa

aradhayantu ta

aladhayantu t i

aladhayantu t i

— chiranthitika

•— cbilathitikya

i cbirantisteya

— chilathitika

papota

papota

ama ya

iyam

idam

iyam

iyam

thitlka

— —

. •

meme

anyataannataannataannataannata

bbotubotuitibotubotu

parakramapalakamatu

palakamatu

33 hida cha kani

- etaye athaye ayietAyethaye iyametaya atbaya ayametaye athaye iyametaye athaye " iyam

tatba cbatatha chatatba cbatatba cha7

tasa sasavalokasavalokaeavaloka

palakamantu savaloka

ageagenaagenangenaagena

parakamenapalakamenaniparakamenapalakamenapalakamena

(a) From the grcnt similarity of the two letters n and k, they are frequently mistaken. The true reading in this text iumost probably kani.

76 TEXTS.

EDICT VII

sKGDJ

SEGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

S

icGDJ

SKGDJ

1 Devanampriyo Priyasi («)Devanampiye

1 DevanampiyoDevanampiye

8 .

vaseyuvase vavaseyuvasevu *vase *

chava

chacha

savamsavamsavamsavam

pi chapi chatu pipi chapi cha

kitanyatakitanatukatamnyata,______________->

PiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasi

save itesave hitesave teti save* save

uchavachauchavachauchavacha

2 uchavachauchavacha

va

—va

va

danedanedanedanedane

va•

EajaLaja.Eaja.LajaLaja.

sayamansayamansayaman chahota sayamanhite saya am

chhandochhandachhando -chhandachhanda

(a)

{b)

kasanti(c)

yasatasayasaasa— —

dridhabhatita (d)dadhibhatitadadhabhatita,_____

ila

savvatra* vata.

savatasavatasavata

bhavasudhibhavasudhi

2 bhavasudhinbhavasudhibhavasudhi

uchavachauchavacha

- uchavachauchavachauchavacha

ekadesaanc

ichhatiichhatiichhatiichhatiichhati

chacha

cha

cha

cha

ragolagarago1 A \

lagalaga

L va 4 pi

ekadesam piekadesam vaekadesa *ekadesam

nastinathi 2

nastinathi

•

cha,va

va

sayaman2 sayamesayamesayame

nichenichanicha,nicheniche

sawamsavasavesavasava

ichhanti 3

ichhantiichhatiichhantiichhanti

tetetetete 9

kashantikachhantikasantikachhatikachhanti

5 bhavasudhibhavasudhibha.vasuddb.itabhavasudhi

padham.padham.badham.badham.badham.

pashanpasanda,pasandapasanda (b)pasanda

janomunejano tiimunisamunisa

vipulevipule

3 vipulevipulavipule

—, .

. vacha

sKGDJ

SKGDJ

17 Atikatam antaramAtikantam antalamAtikatam antaram

3 * # kantam antalam10 t*kautam antalam

EDICT VIII.

ne Raya viharayatam nameDevanampiya *. * * dhiya * * *Eajano viharayatam nyayasuLajano vahalayatam «amaLaja

anyaneanyanianyaniannaniannani

chachachachacha

edisanihedisani (e)etarisaniedisani

atasamana abhavasuabhila mani hunsam

2 abhira makani ahumsuabhila mani puvam tinama * ila mani puvam tinam

nikhamishamnikhamisuhidaeta* khamisa

so

sose

se

gamagayemigaviyamagavya* * viya

DevanampriyoDevanampiyeDevanampiyoDevanampiyeDevanampiye

(a) Priyasi iii original, the d having been omitted by the engraver.(6) Hananda is read by Wilson, and it is so lithographed; but as pdsa might easily be mistaken for hana, the word has

certainly been misread.(c) Omitted in original texts.(ct) This reading of the Shahbazgarhi text confirms Westergaard's emendation of drirha lhaktita in the Girnar text.(e) This is another instance of the cockney aspirate in the Khalsi text.

TEXTS. 77S Priyadarsi RanyaK Piyadasi Laja

G Piyadasi RajaD 4 Piyadasi Laja

J " Piyadasi Laja

dasavashabhisito santudasavasabhisite santudasavasabhisito santo

dasavasabbisite ———

S sa

K taG sa

D taJ

S anu

K cha

G cha

D cha

J cha

dharmayatra etaya iyamdhammayata etayam

dhammayata etayamdhammayata tesa

tesa

* *

vidhanam

thairanam

vadhanam

vadhanam.

dasane

dasane

dasane

dasane

hoti

boti

hoti

hoti

hoti

nikamisaye • * dbitena

nikbami tham sam 23 bodbinitenaayayasam bodhimitena

nikbamisam bodhi * —tena

* *

cba

cha

cha

cha

Sramanam Bramananam dasane

Samana Bambbananan

Bahmana Samananam

Samana Babhananam

Sa * * *

hiranya

hilannahiranna

4 hilanna12 hilanna

l dasane

dasane

dasana# #

patividhanepatividbane

patividhano

patividhane

•patividhane

na

cha

cha

cha

cha

chacha

cha

cha

cha

dava

dane

dan©

dane

dane

S pajanasa

K janapadasa

G janapadasa

D janapadasa

S

K

G

D

J

SKGDJ

cba

dharma pari puvachu

dhamma pali puchha

dhamma pari puchha

* * * *chha

janasa

janasa

janasa

janasa

cha

cha

dasana

dasanam

dasanam

dasane cha

tadopayam ete

tatapayo esa

tadopaya esa

tadapaya * sa

Devanampriyasa Priyadarsisa Eanye bhago

Devanampiyasa Piyadasisa Lajine bbage

Devanampiyasa Piyadasino Eanyo bhage

Devanampiyasa Piyadasine Lajine bhage

Devanampiyasa "Piyadasine Lajine bahge

dharmanusati

dhammanusathi cha

dhammanusasti cha

dhammanasathi * *

bhayerati

bhayalati

bhayaratiabhilatne

* lame

anye.

anne.

anne.

anne.

a * *

bhotihoti

bhavatihoti

hoti

EDICT IX-

sKGD-J

SKGD

J

S

KGDJ

18 Devanampriyc34 Devanampiye1 Devanampiyo6 Devanampiye

14 Devanampiye

jani

jano

jano

jano

vivahesi

vivahesuvi * * *

> PriyadarsiPiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasi

Piyadasi

ucham vacham

nchavacbam

uchavacham

uchavacham

_———

va

RayaLaja

RajaLajaLaja

mangalam karoti

mangalam ka *

mangalam karote

mangalam kaloti

paja patu di

pajupadayeputalabhesu

* jupadaye

pajupadaye

evam

evahevam

1 •

abadhasa

* abadbcsi

abadhesu

aKadhesu

va

ahatiahaabaaba

. .

pavasa

pavasasi

pavasammhi

pavasasi

pavasasi

asti

athi

•

va ativaha

avaha

va2 avaha

va

kMWMM

78 TEXTS.

S atayaK etayeG etamhiD 7 etayeJ etaye

anyaye vaannaye cha

cha anyamhiannaye cha

cha15

atahetaeta

putikakhudavichhadamputi *

tu

cha

vacha

hadesiedisayechahedisayehedisaye

striyaka -vu abakejanibhutu mahadayo

nirastiyamnilathiyamnirathamnilathiyam

* * na datujane • bahujano uchavachamjine bahukamjane bahukam

bahubahubahukam

chachacha

chavachacha

mangalamangalammangalammangalam

— mangalam

mangalammangalammangalammangalam

bahuvidhambahuvidhambavuvidhamithibidham

karotikalotikarotekalotikaloti

tasese

S kataviyaK katavi chevaG katavyamevaD kativiyeJ kativiye

S matakho •K chukhoG mangalam ayamD mangalam * ayamJ , , ,.

khotu

mangalamangalemangalam

le (dhe) no * mangale

apaphalamapaphaleapaphalamapapale

chevakho mangale 1S apaphale

tu

mahaphalammahaphalemahaphalemahaphale

tukho etadi(chu) kho (a) * sa iyamtukho etarisamchakho esahedisamchakho esaha * *

yema

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

mangala

mangaleye

asa ima •

dhammamangale * * *dhammamangale tatetadhammamangale tatesa

samapatipati va garanamsamapatipati gulunamsamyapatipati gujunamsammapatipati 9 gulunamsamyapatipati gulunam

S SramanaK SamanaG BahmanaD SamanaJ 17 Samana

BramanaEambhananamSamananamBabhanunamBambhand *

apa * tiapachitiapachitiapachi *apachiti

sadhu

pasadhupan

sadhu panesu* *

panesu

etaeseetaesa

dasadasadasadasa

sayamasayamme

cha

bhatakasabhatakasibhatakamhibhatakasibhatakasi

sadhu

anya

anne

anne

anne

S chaK chaG chaD chaJ

hedisatametarisam

dharmasadhammadhammadhamma

mangale nama pemangalam nama ta

gala (b) nama ta

vataviyevatavyamvataviye

(a) Perhaps intended for Chukha, or even tttkha.(b) The m of mangala is omitted on the rock by a mistake of the engraver or writer.

TEXTS. 79

sKGDJ

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

pitanapitinapitapitina* tina

matamata((.(

nastikataviyekatavya# # *kataviye

savaPiva

PiPi

sastatena

putenaputenaputenaputenaputena

avasanthatena ava

omitted

mangalammangalemangalam* * lam18 * *

do.do.

y a

avaavaava

* #

saPiva

PiPi

bhata *bhatina pibhata vabhatina pibhatina pi

prativatiyena imasapativesiyenapi iyam

tasatasatasatasa

* #

) idam) * #) iyam

atasa chaathasaathasaathasa* *

* * kena pisuvamikenaswamikena

10 suvamikesuvamikena

alathasadhusadhu

* #sadhu

Piva

Pi

saka (a)iyamidam

* *

iyam

taviye dita tadikinidhatiyanistanayanidhatiya* * # *

At this point of Edict IX the text of the two northern versions differs from that of Girnar, Dhauli, andJaugada. The remainder of the Edict is therefore given in two separate parts.

Continuation of the SHAHBAZGARHI and KHALSI versions.

sK

SK

SK

SK

SK

SK

SK

SK

20imaiyam

siyatosayavatam

lobha chalochavase

pitam

puna

thaniatham

kusayekusi *

tathaatham

yaatham

# *

pavasati

tathhatinivatati

asti pahhata dhatase athe helata cha

mangale * * *tena dharmapaga.

eva takeva cha la

nivakayatinivateya

mangalam sansaye kitammangale sansayi kyase

sayapanena ihasayapanena hida

ava dharma anuna * * * *iyamjana dhammamangale akalikyo ham che

dharma anutamnoniteti hida

ha aprataranampanchesu katam

varo abhihida tata

panyapasa kaanantam pana

atham na divati itaatham palata anantara

va panyaprasata

asaladham bhoti orochascubhiyetam 27 adhehoti hida cha

pha dina tapasavati

Continuation of the GIRNAR, DHAULI, and JAUGADA 'versions.

GDJ

GDJ

asti chaathi

* *

asti dara(athi dane)* se dane

pavutarnpavutam

# #

va

———

sadhuvate

# #

anagahoanugaheanugahe

danadane

* #

vavaadi

iti nasathiti

# #

yarisam"adi va

ve

tu etarisamhedisam

* #

dhammadanam vadhammadane •dhammadane •

(a) Or perhaps anetha or anyetha.

80

DJ

dhammanugaho vadhammanuga (he)dhamm&nugahe cha

va 8 nyatikena

tamhitasi

GDJ

GDJ

GDJ

GDJ

GDJ

S SI DevanampriyoK DevanampiyeG Devanampiyo

tamhi

iti

ta

se

TEXTS.

tukho

chukho

pakaranepakalanasi

lmim12 imena

imena

* * * imina

sahayenasapayena

idami *

sakaka —

sakiye

katavyataram

kataviyatala

-piye

PriyadarsiPiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasi

EDICT X.

Eaya yasoLaja yasoRaja yasoLaja yaso

——— 21 yaso

vativi

kacha

swagam

swage

yatatasa

suhadayena

ovaditavyamyovadita

idam

yam

aradhetu itialadhayitavealadhayitave

swagaradhi.alabhi.

vavavavava

kirtikitikitikitikiti va

GDJ

naDa

mahathamahathamahatha

vavavava

ha

hanaomitted

manyatimanatimanyatemannati

anyataanataanyatavakitiva

yoyam

S piK piGT\

J

S tadaK janeG me janaD janeJ jane

yasoyasa

sritiva kiti

vava

dharmasusushadhammasususadhammasusunsa

14 dhammasususadhammasususam

imatiichhati

ichhatiichhati

susushasususasususasususasususa

tena tasatadatwayetadadwanota datwayeta datwaye

tatarntamtarn

ayatiya chaayatiye chadighaya chaannatianyatiye cha

metimati

meme

SKGDJ

dharmavatamdhammavatamdhammavatamdhamma ** * *

chavacha

annvidhayatam.* nuvidhiy&tati.

anuvidhiyatam.

SKGD

eta,eta.etaeta

kayekayekayakaye

Devanampriya PriyadarsiDevanampiye PiyadasiDevanampiyo Piyadasi

Raya28 Laja

Raja

yasoyaso

• yaso

yaso

TEXTS. 81

sKGDJ

kitivavava

kitikitikiti

vavavava

kichikichikichi

S parakramateK lakamati(a)G parakamateD palakammati

DevanampriyoDevanampiyeDevanam (b)DevanampiyeDevauampiye

PryadarsiPiyadasiPiyadasi

* #

RayaLajaEaja

* *

tatata

savamsavamsavam

S paratikayeK palatikyayeG paratikayaD palatikayeJ palatikaye

va sativa kintiva kintiva 15 kintiva kinti

sukalisukalesakalcsakalesakale

apansaveapapalasavaapaparisaveapaplasaveapapalisave

siyati eshesiyatiti eseasa esapuveyatipuveyati

tu parasraveyam apunyamchu palisakha e apunnetu parisaveya apunyam

palisa23

* * # *

S dukarata kho esheK dukale chukho eseG 4dukaranta klio etamD * * kaje

va dakena vakhudakena vachhudakena vava

gena usadhinyavatena usutena va.janna usatena cha

SKGDJ

SKGDJ

tava * gena parakamena savam parianata agena palakamena savam palitianyata agena parakamena savam pari(anna) ta agena * * * na savam •

omitted ) chachukhotakho

16khukhu

dikena

dakenadukena

latasate *

vava

usathenausatena

vava

cha

chacha

usa29 usatena

usatenausatenausatena

va

chachu

disajiptapalitijita

*

etapetaetati(?)

*

# *

dukale.dukaram. (c)dukalata.dukalatale.

N.S.—In the Dhauli and Jaugada texts of Asoka's Series of Rock Inscriptions, the lltb, 12th, and 13th Edicts areomitted, but both texts close with a copy of the 14th Edict.

S a Devanampriyo Priyadarsi Eaya3C Devanampiye Piyadasi LajaG Devanampiyo Piyadasi Eaja

EDICT XI.

evam ahati; nasti edisam danamhevam (d) ha nathi hedisam danamevam aha, nasti etarisam danam

yansamyadisamyarisam

S dharmadanam dharmsanstavo dharmasamvibhago • dhannasambandhoK dhammadane {omitted) • • dhammasamvibhago • dhammasambandhaG dhammadiinam dhammasanstavo va dhammasamvibhago va dhammasambandho

(a) The letter p is omitted in the original text.(J) piye is omitted in the original.(<?) Burnouf (Le Lotus, p. 659) has given his reading of the text of this Edict, with a translation, which differ from

those of Prinsep and Wilson.(d) The initial letter a of aha is omitted in the original text.

82 TEXTS.

sKG

*tatata

2 tata

ldamese

idam

— — datam bhatakanam samapatipati——— dasa bhatakasi samyapatipati

bhavati dasa bhatakamhi samapatipati

inatapitushu •matapitisumatari pitari sadhu

S susushu mitasastuta nyatakanam Sramana Bramana sa * * M danamK sususa mitasathuti natikyanam. Samana Bambhana na, daneG sususa mitasatuta nyatikanam Bahmana Samana sadhu danam

S prananam anarambho •K M pananam analambho eseG 3 pananam anarambho sadhu

etam vatavo pitrena pi putrena—— vataviye pitina pi puteetam vatavyam pita va putena

sKG

Pi

bhatenabhatinahhata

PiPi

vasavava

mitrenamikvena

PiPi

mitramitamita

S sastutana ——— avaK santhutana • ava,G sastutana nyatikena va ava

pativesiyena —pativesiyena iyampativesiyehi idam

sadhu idesadhu iyamsadhu idam

S katavo so tathaK kataviye so tathaG katavyam 4 so tatha

S parata cha anantamK palata cha anantamG parata cha anantam

karatam ihakalanta hidakaru i(ha)

punyam krasava (a)puna, pasavatepunyam

loka cha aradhetilokikye dhikam aladhe hotilokachasa aradho hoti

"bho tena— - tenabhavati tena

dharmadanena.dhammadanena.dhammadanena.

EDICT XII.

KG

SKG

SKG

SKG

SKG

Devanampiye PiyadasiDevanampiye Piyadasi

—— gahathanicha gharistani

pujayene •pujayene pujayati

va Devanampiyeva Devanampiyo

pasamlanam salapasandanam sara

31 La]a, savaEaja sava

vacha

2 nena

manatimanyate

vadhinavadhitu

pujatipujayati

chatu "

pasandanipasantlani

danenadanena cha

pavajitanicha puvajitani

vividheyavividhaya

tatha dane vatatha danam va

atha kinti salayatba kiti sara

bahuvidhabahuvidha

vadhisiyativadhi asa

tas,a ' chatasa tasa tu

chacha

pujapuje

§avasava

iyamidam

(a). In Arian-Pali the two letters Tc and p may easily be mistaken; but as the dental-sibilant of Sliahbazgarhi differsfrom the palatal sibilant of Klialsi, it is possible that the words may be different.

TEXTS. 83

sKG

mule avalnulam ya va

chatuti kintikinti

* ta ata pasandaatta pasanda

va pujapuja

va palapasandaparapasanda

SKG

galaha nam taua apa saka kate vam nosayagaraha va no bhave

K 32 apakalanasi lahaka va siya, tamsi tamsiG apakaranamhi lahaka va asa tamlu tamhi

pakalanasipakaranye

K pnjetaG pujeta

viya chutu eva

palapasandaparapasanda

tenatena

tenatena

akalanapakaranyena

SKG

hevam kalata atapasanda badha vadhiyeti palapnsanda pi vaevam katam attapasanda cha vadha3'ati pavapasaudasa cha

SKG

upakaloti tada, anatlia koloti atapasanda cha ckhanoti palapasandaupakaroti tadantetha karoti attapasandam cha chhanoti parapasanaHa

SKG va

va

Pi

apakalotiapakaroti

ye hihi

kachakachi

atapasandaattapasanda

puyatipujayati

K ^ palapasanda (a)G parapasandam

galahatigarahati

savesava

atapasandattapasanda

bhatiya.bhatiya

va kintikinti

SKG

atapasanda dipaye maattapasandam dipaye ma iti

chacha

punapuna

tathatatha

kalotakaroti

SKG

'- badhatale upahantiattapasandam badhataram upahanati

atapasanda pi sama viyeva sadhu kintitasa ma vayo eva sadha, kinti

K mannamanusa dhammam suneyu cha,G manyamanyasa dhammam sunaja cha

sususayususunsera

va ticha

hevamevam

pihi

K Devanampiyasa ichha, kintiG Devanampiyasa ichha kinti

34 savapasanda bahusavapasanda bahu

puta {b) cba,suta {b) cha

SKG

kalanaga cha hakalanyagama cha

ve yati evaasu ye cha

tatatata

tatatata

pasannatepasannate

hihi

vataviyevatavya

(o). Here ptisanda is spelt with the dental s instead of the palatal s, as in other places of this latter part of the Khalsi text.(6). Here it is difficult to say •whether the engraver has changed the letters p and s, which are very much alike, as the two

words puta and suta have the same meaning.

TEXTS.

sKG

SKG

SKG

KG

SKG

Devanampiye noDevanampiyo no

kinti sala,kinti sara

thaye viyapataatha, vyapata

bhuniikya. — anebhumika cha anya

.,vadhi chavadhi cha

tathatatha

vadhivadhi

danamdanam]

siyaasa

dhammamahamatadhammamahamata

vaya,cha

hotihoti

nikayenikaye

dhammasadhammasa

va puja,va puja

sava • pasanda tisara pasandanam

ithidhiyacha itthijha

35 iyam chaayan cha

dipana (a) —

vava

mannatemanyate

bahuka chabahuka va

khakha

etasaetasa

cha dipana atha,cha dipana -

mahamatamaham ata

phaleyamphalaya

chha vepayepabhi

athayatha

etaya,etaya

vachacha vacha

atapasandaattapasanda

pitasa.pitasa.

S Devanampi'iyasaK Devanampiyasa

EDICT XIII-

PriyardasisaPiyadasine

kali *kalikhhyam

tavijita

SKG

mama

apanaapana

satasata

asra sata * * * aha vudhisahaseye tupha aha vudhena

S patesaK satesaG patasa

pasamatampasamatam

etahatamtatahateetahatam

bahubahubahu

ti *tivatetivata

ka * *keva mitekammata

S 3 tari nata cha santa Jadheshu Kali (ngeshu)K tata, tha va sadhuna ladhesu Kalingesu ti ve. G tata pachha adhuna ladhesu Kaiingesu ti ve

dhardhammavayedhammavayo

S ma mata dhamanusathi chaK 36 dhammakammata, dhammanusathi chaQ. * .* # # # #

SK

DevanampriyasaDevanampiyasa

vijitaviyavijitavi

kayi (?)kalikhyani

- # * #

Devanam piyasa je atiri anusaye

3 avijitamhiti jina mano yotaavijitamhi jine mane eta

SKG

tata

vatavadhavadho

tivava

maranam stamaline vamaranyam va

apadaapavahoapavaho

vava

(a) Here begins the legible portion of the inscription on the back of the Sbahbazgarhi rock.

TEXTS. 85;

S janasaK janasaG janasata

cheye taram radhi Hpa badham

badhi—— badham

shanavedana

ve*dana

matumate (a)mata

S garamata chaK galamate (5) baGr gannamata ba

maturatale

ma Devanam priyasa * * ta chava Devanam piyasa iyampichu tatova De •

Devanampriyasa savata haDevanampiyasa S7 savata

4 vasastivasati

BramanaEambhand

SKG

Sramana ——— pashanda gatethi vayesa hatha jashava Sama (c) va anava pasanda gihitha vayesu vihita ' * thasa

SKG

etam bhotiagine * *

S susushaK susa (c)G susunsa

su§usha matasususa mata* * sa mata

mitasantala sahayamitasanthata sahayamitasanstata sahaya

pitri susushapita sususapitari. susunsa

5 nyatike shunasanatiko sususanyatike sadasa

shusuriguluguru

tana

bhotikanam ea * *bhatika sa«ra ma

S pratipapati tanam sharatamK patipati dandhaliti tale santeta

bhotihoti

apragatho vapasaghate va

vadhamvadhe

SKG

va vadho cha anya natarikava abhilatanam vikhini khamane

manampasharam pi sati hitanam sava8 yesamva, pi vavi hitanam sine

S avi praK pe avipa

adihine

atrashae tanam

taramita

sastata§anthuta

sasa

aya nyatinatikyonyatika

S bhavasada 6 prapunati tatam tarn pitesha voK viyasanam papunata tata, so pitaname vaG vyasanam papunoti vata so pitesa —

upaghatoupaghataupaghato

S bhoti panti bhagamK pati pati bhagamG patipati bhago

cha atam sante man ey an am gatamanam cha Devanampriyasacha esa sava manayanam gula vate ma Devanampiyasavasa sava yato

K nathi cha sejana padeya taG

nasti. cha ekatarehi pasandehi (nathi imenikaya anatayenesa 39Bambhanenasti manusanam ekataramhi pasandamhi (

S ( , omitted.K cha samane cha, nathi cha, ku vapi janapadasi yatha nathi munisanam eka tala sa pi pasanisinoG ( omitted.

(a) These two words may be read as muti and galamute.(b) The na of samana is omitted in the original.(e) The second su of this word is omitted in the original.

86 TEXTS.

sKG

SKG

SKG

SKG

nanamanamana nama

nalagehata

prasadepasadepasade

chaKalingesu pinete cha• 6 nayas

a cha

— — —

.ajagatraajagalu

aka * . va

taratatat&

—

matramateva

sayamese avatayavata

metammata

trekeko

chacha

mitaneya vapi

7sataputo

1—

rava

BhagavaBhagava—

Devam- Devani

jatunajanejanapada

aparapapavudhaataviyo

sahasrasahasa

unpiyasaampiyasu

tarakatada

* *

a cha* ha

BhagavaBhagava

yo pibho

S ' aprakati yati chha mitratiya xnatera Devanampriyasa

S yam sako chha manayaya pihi athabi Devanampriyasa a * * tarn bhoti rati anadeti2 C _ _ _ _ _ _ • _______ ________ _______ , '

S anatija piti anatrape pricha pabhatre 8 Devanam —•TT _ _ _ _ _ ______ ______ * _—___—— - — — _

S priyaK (a)G

sava2sava7 sava

bhutanam# # *

bhutanam

achhati

achhatim cha

sayamam* yamasayamam cha

S samam vatiya rabhasi aye chaK samam valiya madavati iya vuG samam (5 letters) cheram cha

mati masajuya Devanampriyasama # * # 3 Devanampiyasamadana cha »

G

yo dharma vijayo sanam danaladha ' Devanam priyasa i aye dhamma vijaye se cha punaladhe Devanam pi *

SKG

cha save shu chham anteshu 9 ash asucha 4 save sacha atesu asasu

piyo jana sacho shasantampichha jane * * sat«sa ate

S ANTIYOKE nama Yona Eaja paran chaK ANTIYOGE nama Yona * * palan chaG * * * * * * Yona Eaja paran cha

tenatena,tena

S ANTIYOKENA chatura I I I I rajane TURAMAYEK 5ANTIYOGENA chatuU + lajane TULAMAYEG chaturo rajano TUEAMAYO

nama,nama,cha,

(a) The Khalsi text here begins again with the 2nd line on the S face of the rock.

TEXTS. 87

S ANTIKINI nama,K ANTEKINA nama,G ANTAKANA cha,

MAKA nama,MAKA na6 ma,MAGA cha

ALIKASANDAKE namaALIKYASADALE nama

S nicheK nicham

Choda, Panda avam Tambapaniya hevam mevamChoda, Pandiyd avam Tambapanniyd heva meva

SKG

heva mevarajalaja

visha tinivishamvasi

Yona-Tcamboyeshu,Yona-kabojesu,

S Nabhaha NabhamateshuK Ndbhaka-Ndbha-pantisuG

10 Bhqja-PitiniJceshu,Bhoja-PitiniJcyesu,

• # # #

Andhra-Pulindeshu savatam:8 Andha-Palandesu, (&) savata :9 * dha-Pirindesu, savata :

S DevanampriyasaK DevanampiyasaD Devanampiyasa

dhamannsastidhammanusathidhammanusastim

anuvatantiyataanuvatareyata

pidutapiduti

Devanampriyasa9 Devanampiyasa

# # # *

S detanavam chantiti piautu Devanampriyasa dhamavutam tivena dhamanusastiK neyantito pisutu Devanam pinniya (c) lamavutam vadhanam 10 dhammanusathiG

S dhamanuvidhiyantiK dhamma anuvidhiyama

anuvadhiyesamanuvidhiyisam

* cha 8a * ludhaachayo se • ladhe

neta11 eta

kenakenavija

bhotihoti

S savatam vijaye vijayeu piti rasa seludha bhotiK savata vijaye (c) ta. pitilase gadha sa hoti piti hotiG savatha puna vijayo piti raso ladha sa —— piti hoti

SKG

priti dhamavijayadhammavijayamdhammavijayamhi

nivam akatutisam priti12 sila haka ve kho sapiti

parantikapalantikya

mevammeve

S mahavilaK mahapha * liG

menyatimannanti

DevanampriyoDevanampiye

etati13 etaye

chach&

athayeathaye

ayoiyam

S dhamalipiK dhammalipiG

likhitalikhita

kitikiti

putraputa

prapotrapapota

meme

asamanam

chanam14 navam

S vijayaK vijayamG vijayam

mamama

vijasavam amanye shakhuda yo tijasajativijayantaviya manisu sayakasi no vijayasikhantivijetavyam mam nyasarasake eva vijayechhati

SKG

chala va* cha la-va

dandals danda

tava

hava

roncheloche

tutam ranatutameva chu

vij avijayam

manyanyemanataye

(a) This word is not very clear: it may be pada or panda.(b) The text is here very indistinct.(c) The word vijaye is inserted in small letters above the line, having been originally omitted by the engraver.

88 TEXTS.

S 12 dhamavijayaK dhammavijayeseG

pida lokikyaparalokikepala 16 lokiye

savasava

cha.cha

SKG

titati bhotu ya num'a tata saikanilati ho * uga mala ti sapi

hidelokika paranlokika,.hidalokika palalokikya.* i * lokika cha. paralokika cha.

EDICT XIV.

dhamalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipi

DevanampriyenaDevanampiyenaDevanampiyenaDevanampiyena

Pisina (a)1

PiyadasinaPiyadasinoPiyadasina

EanyinaLajinaKanyaLajina

likhapitalikhapitalekhapitalikhi * *

athi yevaasti eva,

S ' astiK 1S sukhitena athiG sankhitena astiD sankhitena athi

tesam nyitenamajhimenamajhamenamajhamena

24 * jhimena.

athiasti

athi.

y0 vistitenavithatenavistatena

no hinachanapi

vithatena napi

hi savatam sa savvesavata savesavam (6) pavatasave savatasave savata

SKGDJ

gantiteghantiteghatitamghantiteghatite

ma olakemahalakemahalake

18 mahantehimahantehi

hihi

vijite : hahu19 vijite : hahu

pivijitam : bahuvijaye : bahuvijaye

cha likhite likhipasava likhite lekhapesacha likhitam likhapayisamke cha likhite likhi yisa

SKGDJ

mi cheva amicha atrami cheva nikyam athi mi hetachema asti cha etakami athi pa cha

punapanepunapunapunapuna

pa * shanata tasa tasa20 ladhita tasa tasa, athasa

vutam tasa tasa athasa

sK madhuliyayeG madhuritayaD tayaJ madhuliyaye

yenakiti

19 kintichakinticha

jane:jano:janejane

ta *tatha,tathatathatatH

pratipajayatipatipajeyasepatipajethapatipajeyatipatipajeyati

sosiyaya atam kichesaya ata kichhi

5 tata ekadaepi cha hetamepi chu hetam

S asamatamK 21 asamatiG asamatamD asamati

likhitamlikhitelikhitamlikhitesam

desamdisaasadesam* * * sam

vavava

sankhayesankhayesachhaya

karanamkalanamkaranam

vavava

(a) Sic in original.(b) It is clear from the agreement of the other four texts that the initial p of this word Bhould be *. A single stroke

omitted by the engraver on the left Land of the letter has left the unfinished s a simple p.

TEXTS. 89

alochanti lipikaraK alochayita lipikalaG 6 alovetta lipikaraD * * ti - lipikala

sava aparadhenapaladhena va.paradhena va.* * * ti.

The Girn&r text originally concluded with a single isolated line, of which only the latter portion nowremains. It reads as follows :•—

# # * # * # v a sweto hasti savaloka sukhaharo nama.

No. 6.

First separate Edict at Dhauli and Jaugada.

See Prinsep, Journal Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 441, and Burnouf, Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, pp. 671—693.

D l Devanampiyasa vachanena Tosaliyam mahamata nagala viyopalaka (a)J * Devanampiye hevam aha Samapayam mahamata hagale viyopalakahe

D vataviyam. Am kiclihi dakhami bakam tarn ichbami kintiJ vataviyi. Am kichhi dakhami hannam tarn ichhami kinti

DJ

e * pativedayeham 3 duvalate chaena pativedayeham 2 duvalate cha

alabhealabhe

ham,ham,

esa chaesa cha

DJ

meme

mokhyamatamokhiyamate

duvale:duvale:

etasi athasi amam

tuphetuphe

61

BU

D * anusathi tu pbe hi bahAsu panasahasesuJ anusathi phe (5) hi bahusu panasahasesu

ayata pana me# # *

D ga ve ma sumunisanam save5 munise paja mama atha pajaye ichhamiJ ga ve ma * munisanam sava munise 3 paja atha pajij'e ichhami

Jhakam# *

sa venavena

hitasukhenamhita sukhenam yujeyuti

hida lokikahida logika

6 palalokikayapalalokikayam

D yujevu ti (he me hasa) (c) supi ichhami dukamJ • • he meva me iya sava munisa su *

no cha paphunatha avata he # # # notha ava

DJ

7 gamakegamake

iyam4 iyam

athaatha

kecha vakecha

ekaeka

pulisepulase

manati# #

(a) Prinsep reads v'ih&ldka omitting the second syllable yo, which is distinct in both texts. Burnouf reads the word correctlyas viyop&laka. The letter y is indistinct in the Dbauli text, but the vowel o is quite clear.

(J) The syllable tu is here omitted in the original text.(c) The four sylables within brackets are taken from Prinsep. The space now blank is sufficient for about eight letters; but the

whole mayiiot have been engraved; and ts* e letters given by Prinsep were copied by Kittoe, although they have since been lost

90 TEXTS.

D etam sepi desam no savam dekhatehi tuphe etam 8 su" vihitaJ * tain sepi desam no savam dekhathahi cha me pi su vit&

D pi niti yam eka P.ulise athaya bandhanm vaJ pi bahuka athiya eti eka munise • • bandhanam

. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .

D palikilesam va papunati tata hota »akasma tenaJ paliki * * • papunati * * * ta * 5 * smaga tena

D bandhanata ka: anne cha * * bahu janodaviye dukbiyati: tataJ bandha cba yuve daya cha vata bahuke • vedayanti: tata

D ichhitaviye tuphe hi : kinti majham patipadaye matiJ tuphe hi : * * taye kinti majha patipataye ma *

D Imehi chu jatehi no sampati pajati: isaya, asulopena,J Imehi •_, jatehi no sampatipajati: isa * asulopena,

D " nithuliyena, tulanaya, anavutiva, alasiyena, kalammathena, se iohhitaviyeJ nithuliyena, 6 tuliye, anavutiye, * *yena, kalamathanam, hevam ichhitaviye

D kinti —: ete Jf jatanihu mamati: eta saJ kinti me eteni jatam veva mohveyuti: •

D cha savasa mule anasulope atulana cba niti chhamJ savasa cha iyam mula anasulope cha * tu * * cba ni * *

D ekilante siya 13 nate uga cha samchalita viyentu v va hitaviya — ...J iyam nijat 7 samchalitu uthaya * * tavyata va titaviya pi

D etaviye va hevam mevam edam * * tupha katena vataviye M aganam ne dekhataJ etaviye piniti yam eka deveni annane nijha masaviye . •

D hevam cha hevam cha Devanampiyasa anusathi se maha. * * sa tasaJ hevam ; r— Devanampi * * * s a * * # * * 8 j a m

D sampatipada 15 maha apaye asampatipati va patipadayami nebi etannanthiJ ma. pbalehati — • asampatipati ••-•- mahapaye boti vi patipatayam tanno

D swagasa (a) aladhino l&ja ladhi 1S duahalehi ima sakam mevaJ swaga aladb&no laja dbi du &hale etasa masa

D makate manam; atileke sampati pajamino cha etam - swagamJ samo * * v a * • * * 9 cba ananeyam esatha swagam cha

(a) Here Burnouf with his usual sagacity suggested the true reading of swagasa, " du cieL" See Le Lotus, p. 681.

TEXTS. 91

D " aladhayisathiti tarn apaniniyam ehatha. Iyam cha ]ipiJ ala (dha) yasatba Iyam cha lipi anu

D Tisa Nakhatena sotaviyam18 antalapi cha tise * * na sikhanam ni (a) ekanapiJ Tisaui sotaviyam alapi va na satatilaeka * pi

D sotaviya: hevain cha kalantam tuphe I9 cha ghatha sampatipadayitave etaye "J * * * • • • • • • • • • ' iotave etdye cha

D athaye iyam lipi likhita hida ena . «> nagalaJ athaye iyam vata lipi ena inahamata nagala

D viyopalaka sasatam samayam yujavii nagala: jauasa (b) aksma pah bodha va21 akasma pali

D ki sane vano siyati. Etaye cha athaye hakam dhamma te (c) panchasu panchasu" ——— ____________» __ n pajicj asu panchasu

D vasesu22 nikhimayisami e akha khase a chanda sa khi nalambheJ vasesu anusayanam nikhamayisami mahamatam a chanda phela hata * nelo

D hosati: etam atham janita * • • • tha a kalati atha mama anusathiti. Ujenite (d)

D picha kumale etayevam athaye nikhamayisat i hedisammeva vagam,J -'•• kumale vi * tasa te . . . . • - „-..

D no cha atikamayisati tinivasani he meva Takhasilate pi (e) ada, am. • * J 5 te • maharaataj ——— ______ • va chanika a ma

D nikhamisanti anusayanam, tada ahapayita atane kammam etam piJ anusayanam nikhamisanti; — atina kammam • .

D janisanti x tarn pititha, kalanti atha lajine anusathiti.

(a) This letter is doubtful; it may be si.(b) Burnouf reads yavaju-kasa, instead of nagala janasa, after which he allows a space for five letters.(c) Here both Prinsep and Burnouf read mate, but the text does not repeat ma after dhamma.(d) Ujeniya is the reading of both Prinsep and Burnouf, but the letter te is quite clear both in the photograph and in Mr.

Beglar's impressed copy.. Prinsep identifies Ujenio with Ujeniya, a youngei brother of Mahindo (Bengal Asiat. Soc. Jour.,VII, 454); but Burnouf has rightly pointed out that Ujeniya was only a title of Prince Mahindo, who was born at Ujain(see Le Lotus, p. 688).

(e) Here Burnouf reads etasi, supposing that the left limb of the letter s had been omitted by Kittoe j but the letter ismost distinctly pi and not si.

92 TEXTS.

No. 7.

Second Separate Edict at Dhauli and Jaugada.

D Devanampiyasa vachanena: TOSALIYAM Tcum&le mahamata cha vataviya: amJ Devanampiye hevam aha: SAMAPAXAM mahamata L6ja va cha nika vataviya, am

DJ

DJ

kichhikichhi

3 duvalateduvalate

dakhamidakhami

chacha

(a) hakamhakam

alabheham;alabheham;

tarntarn

esaesa

ichhami

chacha

ha

meme

mokhyamata duvala.mokhiyamate duvala.

D . Etasi athasi am tuphe {b) hi anusathi tuphe hi bahusu pana sahasesu ayata jana me gachha chaJ Etasa athasa am tuphe * anusathi (c) (omitted)

D sumunisanam; save sumunise paja mama 3 atha (c) pajaye ichhami hakam nitiJ (omitted) sava manisa 3 me paja atha pajaye ichhami kinti me

D savena hita sukhena hidalokika pallaokikaye yujevuti lievam —J savene hita sukhena yu(je) yuti hidalogika palalokike na hevam mevam me

D 4— ' siya antanam avijitanam ldchham vasu Laja • —•J ichhe eava manisa su saya anta kutha vijitaaam kinchham desu Laja aphe suti eta kava

D meva ichhami ma antesu papunevute: iti Dev&nampiye vaganaJ me ichha antesu papuneyu: —— Laja ichhati ame vigina

D —— mamaye 5 huve vuti, Aswasevu cha — sukhameva lahevu mama tenoJ heya6 mamiyaye . Aswasepu cha me sukhameva laseya mama teno

DJ

DJ

DJ

DJ

DJ

dukha

kiyekiye

.——.

ti

athasiathaye

hevamhevam

* nava iti khami tme:la saha ne yukhamisa tie :

: khamitave mama nimitam: khamitave mama . nimetam

6 hidalokahidalogam

hakamhakam

chhandam chachhandam cba

• palalokam chaL cha palalogam cha

anusasami tuphe anena (d)tuphe vi anusasami anena

veditam (ahayami) (e) patinyosu a mama chiti patina

DevanampiyaLaja

cha dhammamcha dhamma

aladhayevvialadhayeyam

etakena hakametakena hakam

aha: kati

chacha

Etasietaye

echa7 echha

leviilenya

•_—8 cha

•• anusasitam

tuphe ni anusasitn

cha mama 7 ajalasacha 7 achalasi

hevam 'i hevam

(a). Burnouf reads dalchamiham followed by a gap as far as dtivalecha: but both the Jaugada and Dhauli texts supportPrinsep's reading. (See Lc Lotus, p. 692).

(b). After tuphe Bnrnouf omits all down to athapajaya; but Prinsep's reading is supported bj the Jaugada text as faras it extends. This portion has peeled off since Kittoe's time, with the exception of the last two letters mama.

(c). In the Jaugada text the words from atha pajaye down to yujeyuti are repeated, and the words following anusathidown to savamanise are altogether omitted.

(d). From this word down to ajalasa Burnouf supplied tho gap left by Prinsep, and his reading is generally confirmedby that of the Jaugada text, as well as by Mr. Beglar*s photographs of the Dhauli inscription itself.

(e). I had already supplied ahayami from Burnoufs reading,, which is now fully confirmed by Mr. Beglar's photographs.

TEXTS. 93

D katukam me chalitaviye aswa * * i cha tani ena—p&punevtl iti. Atha pita tatha DevanampiyeJ katukam me chalitaviye aswasa kiyi cha ta ena te papune —. 10—-Atha pita hevam ne Laja

D aphaka: atha cha ata, nam (a) hevam Devanampiye anusampati apheJ ti atha ata na anusampata hetam a

D 8 atba cha paja hevam maye Devanampiyasa seJ hevam anusampati atta paja hevam maye Lajine tuphe ni

D hakam anusa-ita chhandam cha phaka— • desaJ hakam anusasita chhandam cha veda taka pisi chiti patinacha ati lapa 12 desa

D vutike hosami Etaye athaye patibalahi (b) tuphe aswasanaye hitasukhayeJ ayutike hosami Etasi athasi tuphe aswasanaye hitasukhaye

DJ

cha tasetasam

* hidalokikahitalogika

palalokikayepalalokikaya

hevamhevam

chacha

J) kalantam tuphe swagam aladayisatha (c) mama cha ananiyam ehatba.J kalantam —— swaga aladhayisatam mama cha ananeyam esatha.

D Etaye cha athaye iyam lipi likhita: hida ena mahamata swasatamJ M Etaya cha athaye iyam lipi likhita: hida ena mahamata saswatam (d)

J) * samam 10 yajisanti Asasanaye dhamma chalanaye cha tesu antanam:J samam yajesam Asasanaye 1S dhamma chalena * —— • gatam:

D iyam cha lipi anachatun (e) masam Tisena nakhatena sotaviya,J iyam cha lipi (ana) chatun masamsotatiya Tisena antalapi

D kamam cba khano khanasi antalapi tisena ekena " sotaviya: hevam kalantam tuphe,S cha sotaviya 16 khanesantam ekena si * * viya: hevam cha kalantam

D chaghatha sampa^i padayitave.J sanghatha sampati patayitave.

(a) This word was omitted by the original engraver, and afterwards inserted above the line.

(6) In the Jaugada text the word preceding tuphe would appear to have contained only three letters, of which the last ishi preceded by an anuswara, thasmaking the final syllable mhi. The word seems to me very like balamhi. Both Prinsepand Burnouf read Dubalahi, which is certainly incorrect.

(c) tata is here inserted by Prinsep j but there is no space for the letters.

(d) Sic in original.(e) Here Burnouf divided the true reading of anachatun masaro, which agrees also with that of the Jaugada text.

94 TEXTS.

No. 8.

EOCK INSCRIPTION AT SAHASARAM.Transcript hy D E . G. BUHLER.

1 Devanam piyo hevam a [ba, satilekani adhitQi yani sariivachhalani am upasake*sumi, na clia b^dham palakamte

2 Savimcbhale sadhike am [sumi badham palakam] te. Etena cha amtalena Jambudipasiammisam deva [hu] sam ta.

3 munisa misam deva kata pa Ia[kamasi hi] iyam phale [n]o [cha i]yam mahatatavachakiye pavatave. Khudakena hi pala—

4 Kamaminena vipule suag[e sa]kiye ala[dhayita]ve. Se et&ye athaye iyam savane-,khudakt; cha udBte cha pa—•

5 lakamamtu, amta pi cham janamtu, chilathitike cha palakame hotu. Iyam chaathe -vadhisati, vipulam pi vadbisati

6 diyadhiyam avaladhiyena diyadhiyam vadhisati iyam cha savane vivnthena; duvesapamnalati

7 sata vivutha, ti, [su n phra] 256 Ima cha atham. pavatesu liUhapaya thaya;[yata] va; a—

8 thi hete silathambha tata pi likhapaya thayi.

BY DE. BDHIEE.—Materials used: PI. xiv of General Cunningham's Corp. Insvr. Ind., Vol. I ; and a photographsupplied by General Cunningham.

Line 1.—The facsimile and photograph show that seven or eight syllables have been lost. The restoration of thefirst six is absolutely certain on account of the identical readings of 11. and B.—[adhit~\iyani is less certain. I takeit for a representative of adhitis&ni, caused by the change of s to h, and its subsequent loss, just as i» Panjabi tih, thirty,and iTcatti, thirty-one.

Line 2.—Bead samvachhale, R. Six or seven letters have been lost—B. and B. have two sentences correspondingto this lacuna, containing sixteen letters. S. can have had one sentence only. The sense requires the sentence givenabove. Read amisam according to B. Bead deva-httsam, as B. has deva-husu, and a verb is required. The vertical strokein the facsimile is the left band part of the letter h. This emendation I owe to Pandit Bhagvanlal Indraji. Read tefor ta, according to B.

Line 3.—Read deva. The pala before the lacuna is probable from the photograph. The restoration is certain onaccount of the corresponding passage in B., which here, as everywhere, substitutes the root paJcam for palaham. Thesecond and third lacunas have been filled in according to R,

Line 4.—Restorations according to B. and B.—Read savane.

Line 5.—Read cha janamtu.

Line 6.—Read savane; the facsimile has dute, but according to the photograph duve, which the sense requires, is atleast probable, if not certain.

Line 7.—Restoration suggested by the fact that two syllables hare been lost, and a relative pronoun is desirablethough not absolutely necessary.

TEXTS. 95

No. 9.

ROCK INSCRIPTION AT RUPNATH.

Transcript by D R . G. BUHLEE. ^

aha: satirakekani adhitisani

badhi pakate. Satileke

samgha-papite

1 Devanam piye hevam

paka sa [va] ki no cha

ya sumi haka

2 badhi cha pakate.

deva-husu, te dani

no cha esa

3 pi parumaminena sakiye pipule svage

cha savane kate: khudaka cha udala

janamtu; Iyarix pakare cha

Yi

ti masa,

mahatatapa-potave:

imaya

kata.

Khudakena

kalaya

Fakamasi hi

hi ka.

Jambudipasi

esa

arodhave. Etiya

cha pakamamtu ti,

4 kiti? chirathitike siya. Iya

cha vadhisiti, apaladhiyena

athe pavatisu lekhapeta valata

hi athe vadhi

diyadhiyarii

hadha cha;

va [sa], ya sumi

chu chhavachhare,

amisa

phale,

athaya

ata pi cha

vipula

Iya cha

vadhisiti,

vadhisati.

athi

cha vayajanena

Vyuthena savane

6 silathubhe silathambhasi lakhapeta vayata. Etina

yavatakatu paka abale, savara-vivase tavayati.

kate [su 5 phu] 256 sa—

6 ta-vivasa ta.

NOTES BY D B . BUHIEQ.—Materials used: Two robbings forwarded by General Cunningham.

Line 1.—Bead sattteMni, the letter ft- looks blurred, and is a mistake for "°i For pdAdread haka. There is a faint

mark between sa and hi which may be va;—s&oaJci is required as synonym for upasake;—samgha ushite is apossible reading, as the letters appear to be half effaced. The reading given above is supported by B.

Line 2.—Under the vd of devd-husa there is a vertical stroke resembling an «. Probably it is intended to indicatethe absorption of the initial a of ahusv, and is the oldest form of the avagrdha Q. Bead esa for esa, A letter mayhave stood between JthudaJcend hi and lea. But I rather think the marks in the impression are accidental scratches.

Line 3,—Beadpalcamaminend/ vipule; drddhave;—the long d in paJc&re is not quite certain.

96 TEXTS.

No. 10.

ROCK INSCRIPTION AT BAIRAT.

Transcript ly DR. G. BUHLER.

1 Devanam piye aha: sati [lekani * * * i e sa

2 vasa nam ya haka upasake n[o cha] badham

3 * * # am mamaya samghe papayite [bajdham cha *

4 Jambudipasi anrisa,- nam devahi * * vi * * * [pa la] kamasi esa [pha] le

5 [n]o- hi esa mahatane vachakaye * * *[pala] rumaminena ya * * * pa

6 vipule pi svamge [sa]kye aladhetave * * [khuda] ka cha udala cha palakamatu ti

7 amte pi janamtu ti chilathiti [ke] * * [vijpulam vi vadhisati

8 diyadhiyam vadhisati [n phu] 56

NOTES BY Dr. BUHLEB.—Materials used: Cunningham, Corp. Inscr., Vol. 1, PI. xiv—and a cloth copy made by PanditBhagvanlal Indraji.

Line 1,—Cloth copy : devanam. The remnants of three letters towards the end of the line are also from the latter.

Line 2.— Corp. Inscr.—paJca. Cloth copy shows lower part of M[O]—Corp. Inscr.—Iddhi. Cloth oopy has rem,nants of these letters towards the end of the line.

Line 3.—Cl.—payaye ate and ladhi. In the cloth copy the top of dhd is wanting.

Line 4.—Cloth copy: amisd-na deve pi and omits vi. I conjecture amisdnam devani [su tedd^ni. Portions of theletters laka appear on the cloth copy.— C.I.—mast.

Line 5.— C.I. begins the line ha hi: the cloth copy shows o clearly.—C.I. mapdtane. I think mdhatana should heread, as the word forms a compound with vachakaye. Read [pala] Jcamamimend. The cloth copy omits ya .pa,which are not easily explained.

Line 6.—Cloth copy: vipule Mm svagetaicye—C.I.—vipulepi svamge Tciye. The above reading is conjectural, butsupported by the analogy of S. and JS. Possibly saJciye may be the right form. Towards the end C.I. reads [khuda"] ledche, which is incorrect.

Line 7.—Cloth copy omits am [te], shows half a ta instead of ti in chilathiti [}ce~\, and omits pu in [vi] pulan».

Line 8.—Cloth copy: diyadhiya vadhasai, and omits the numeral signs. I must confess that I doubt the correct-ness of the latter, on account of their position.

NOTE BT GENEEAL CUNNINGHAM.—These numeral signs were brought to my notice by my Assistant, Mr. Carlleyle, the dis-.coverer of the inscription. I have since had fresh impressions made of the whole inscription, from which the dottednumerals given in the plate were taken. Mr. Carlleyle thought that he could trace three numeral figures. That thereare marks on the rock at the end of the inscription is quite certain, but as I have not examined the rock myself, I am.unable to affirm positively that they are numerals.—A. C.

TEXTS. 97

No. 11.

SECOND KOCK.

BurWilA. C.

BurWilA. C.

BurWilA. C

BurWilA.C.

BurwiiA.C.

BurWilA.C.

BurWilA. C.

BurWilA.C.

BurWilA.C.

BurWilA.C.

BurWilA.C.

BurWil

A. a

PiyadasePiyadasiPiyadase

Laja magadhe Saugham abhivademanam. aha apabadhatamLaja magadhe Saugham abhivademanam aha apabadhatamLaja Magadhe Saugham abhivademanam aha apabadhatam

cha phasuvihalatam chacha pisu vihalatam chacha phisu vihalatam cha

dhammasidhammasiDhammasi

.3 bhagavataBhagavataBhagavata

bhante,bhante,bhante,

alahamialahamialahami

vinayasavinayasavinayasa

sanghasttisanghasltisanghasiti

budhenaBudhenaBudhena

pamiyayepamiyayepamiyaye

hakamha(ki)hakam

2 viditeva,viditeva,viditeve,

galavenchamgolave chamgolave cha

bhasitebhasitebhasite

disiyadiseyadiseya

tavatavatavi

makase s aliyavasanimakase aliyavasanimukase (b) aliyavasani

xtpatisapasina eva(u) patasa pasine echaUpatisa pasine eeha

bhagavatabhagavataBhagavata

ichhamiichhamiichhami

sunayuchasunayuchasunayucha.

eha etenicha etaaicha eteni

budbenabudhenaBudhena

7 kitibihukekiti bahukekinti bahuke

upadhaleyayuupadhaleyeyuupadhaleyeyft

bhuntebhuntebhunte

laghulolaghuloLaghulo

bhasitebhasitebhasite

bhikhapabhikhapabhikhu(rf)

bhante, avatake ha, ma budhasibhante, avatake ha ma budhasibhante, avatake ha ma, Budhasi .

L pasade cha ekechi, bhante,(?) pasade cha ekechii, bhante,

pasade cha ekechi, bhante,

save se subhasiteva echukho,save se subhasite va echu kho,save se subhasite va echu kho,

hevam sadhamme 4 chilasatiti ke bosatitibevam sadhamme chila (va) ti ke hosatitibevam sadbamme chilathiti ke bosatiti

tava, imani, bhante, dhammapayoyani (a)tave imani, bhante (dham) mapaliyayanitave imani, bhante, dhammapaliyayani

anagata bhayani munigatha, moneyasAteanagata bhayani muni gatha mauneya sftteanagata bhayani muni gatha, moneya siite

6 vade musavadam adhogichyavada musava(cha) m adhigachyav&de musavadam (c) adhigichya

etani bhante dhammapaliyayanietaai bhante dhamma paliyayanietani bhante dhamma paliyayani

yecha, bbikhani yecha, abhikhinamyecha bhikhani jecha abhikhinam

pa yecha bhikhuni yecha abhikbinam

va, 8hevam meva upasaka cha. upasikacha hevam meva upasaka cha upasikacha hevam meva upasaka cha upasika

imamima (m)imam

likhapayami abhimati me cha umtiti.likha, (pa) yami abhi heti maja (nan) titi,likbapayami abbi peti mejanantiti.

(o) The omission of the syllable li is no doubt the printer's fault, as Burnouf gives the word in full in the last word butone of the 6th line.

(b) I read mulcase, and so did Captain Burt.(c) Certainly dam, the curve is on the wrong side for cham as proposed by Wilson.(d) The manner of attaching the vowel« at the foot of the Jch was perhaps unknown to Burnouf and Wilson, It occ urs

Again in bhikhuni.

98 TEXTS.

1 J. P. NamoA. C. Namo

No. 12.

KHANDAGIBI K-OCK.

See Prinsejp in Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1080, (a)

Arahantanam namo sava— Sidhanam AirenaArahantanam namo sava— Sidhanam Airena

J. P. mahameghavahanenaA. C. mahameghavahanena

chetakajate *chetaramjava savam

chhadanenadhanena

pasathasukela-pasatliasukela

maharajenamaharajena

khanenakhanena

J. P. chaturantalathaA. C. chaturamkalatha

ganenaganena

kalingadhipatirasi sikhira avalonamtena kalingadhipaticha sakava uvalena.

2 J. P. pandarasaA C. pandarasa

vasani siri-kadara— sariravata, kidita-kumarakidika, tatovasani siri-kadara sariravata kidita-kumarakidika, tato

J. P. lekharftpa-gana-nava— vapara vidhi-visara-denaA. C. lekharupa-gana-nava— vepara vidhi-visara dena

sava-vijavadatenasava-vijavadatenam

navavasam,navavasani,

J. P. hota . rajaA. C. hota vaja

J. P. sesayavenaA. 0. sesayovana

3 J. P. kalinga-rajaA. C. kalinga-raja

pansasivase,pansasivasa,

bhivijayobhivijapo (b)

vansa-purivansa-puri

puna chavavisati-vase danava dhamenapuna chatuvinsati-vasesu danava dhamena

tatiye.tatiye.

sanyuge, maharajabhisechanam papunatisamyuge, maharajabhise-chanam papunati

J. P. AbhisitaA. C. Abhisita

J. P. patisankharayati.A.C patisankharayati.

J. P. bathupayasiA. C tMpa (?) payati

4 J. P. karayati;A. 0. karayati;

mata vapa dhamavasemato champadhamavase

Kalinga-nagariKalinga-nagari

vatavihatatovatavihatato

khidhirakhimbira

sitalaisitala

pura-paharapura-pakara

tadagatadiya

panyopadiyo

nivesamnivesanam

chacha

J. P. chaA. C. cha

J. P. gajaA. C. yejam

J. P. dasanayaA. C. disenoya

sava yanipati santhapa (nam) cha.sava yanampati santhapanam cha.

panatisirasihi (c) satasahasehi pakatiyo ranjayatipannitasidhi satasahasehi pakatiye ijayata

vase, achitayita sotekare pachhima disam,vase, achitayita sotakani pachhima disam

datiyadatiye

hayaiha

nara radha bahula darin pathapayatinara radha bahulalanam te pathapanati

vatanam sakanagara vasino punavasevatananta sakanagara navaye punavase

kansabanagataj-asabanagataya

(a) The differences between Kittoe's text, which Prinsep used, and the text of the photograph of the plaster cast are sonumerous, that I have thought it better to give my own reading from the new text, than to note the many variations.

(b) Reading of last syllable doubtful.

(c) The last two letters of this word would appear to have been accidentally repeated by Kittoe. This is a very commonoccurrence with hand-made transcripts.

TEXTS 99

6 J. P.A. C.

J. P.A. C.

J. P.A.C.

gandhava veda-budho-dampanagandhava veda-budha dampana

samaja karapanahi chasamaja karapanahi cha

vijadharadhivase a (ra) hatavijadharadhivasam a (no letter) hata

tabhata vaditatagi (?) ta vadita

kidapayati nagarikadapayanti nagari

puba Kalingapuva Kalinga

puvapuva

sandasanahisandasanabi

TathaTatha

RajaniRajan

usavausava

vivuthevasevivutbevase

vasati

J. P. (gap) vata dhama (not rendered)A.C. (about 10 letters) vata dhama tisapata (?) ijati (?) te cha nikhita chhata (?)

6 J. P. (a) bhigarehi taratana sapatena savarathika bhojakepa devam dapayatiA.C. bhigarehi taratanam sapataye savarathika bhojakepa devam dasayati.

J. P. Pachachadanivase NANDA Raja tivasata ughatitam tannisaraliyaA. C. Panchapanchadanivase NANDA Raja tivasasata ughatitam tanamsuliyam

J. P. vaja panadi nagara pasesa ••••A. C. vata panadi nagara pavesa * viso (about 10 letters) sabhisori cba * * hasa

A. C. cha sandesam tosa vakara vane.

7 J. P. anugaha anekani sata-sahasani visajati porajanapadam satamanchatisamA. G. anugaha anekani sata-sahasani visejati (a) orajanepadam satamachavesam

J. P. pasasato vajaragharavedham satam gharini savata kaha dapannaA. C. pasa sato vajarighavadhasatima ' gharini savata koha dapana

J. P. narapa (gap) thame vase manam ta ge — giriA.C. narapa ketana (about 18 letters) ye thame cha vase mananti mena* ya * * * tapabhate dare sari idha.

8 J. P. ghatapayita raja gabham upapidapayati: dhatinam cha kammupadanaA. C. ghatapayita raja gambhu (3) upapidapaynti: dhatinam cha kamraapadana

J. P. panadena pambatasena vahayati: pammuchita madhuram apanataA. C. < • —— pamachitu madhuram apayato

J . P. i ii mora dadati - •A. C. navam rana ba (about 24 letters) mora dadati ya (c) (5 letters) pira chako (6 letters) palavamake.

9 J . P . kapam nkba haya gaja (lulapa?) sahaya sesa cha ghara vsaya,A. C. kapam ukha haya gaja (2 letters) sahaya sesa cha ghara vasaya

J. P . anatika-gana nirasasahanancha kar&yitun, ba imananam jatapaA.C. anatika-gava ? yasuvagahanancha karajntum, ba imanonam japuha

J . P . paradadati,A. C. sara dadati arapato (about 40 letters).

(a) The initial letter may perhaps be a p , but as I can see no upturn to the right, it looks to me like an initial o.(5) The reading of this word is doubtful.(c) This letter y is placed above the line, and was evidently inserted afterwards.

100 TEXTS.

10 J. P.A.C.

* # #

venati

manatimanati

rajaraja

pandarasapandarasa

mahavijayamahavijaya

pasadam karayatikarayati

J. P.A.C. atha hita dasarasahasehi dasame chatuse * datibhisara (4 letters)

J. P.A.C. karathavasa pa * na maha Java (7 letters) ra cha bi yati (9 letters)

J . P .A.C. thayi lana (3 letters) . ja * saniji (3 letters) yatana soti yo ru * ni upa lebhata

11 J. P. — puve raja nivesatam pithu daga dambha nagareA. C. (10 letters) puve raja nivesatam " pithu daga dambha nagalo (?)

J. P. nakasayatta janapade, bhavana cha terasa vase satakeA. C. nakasamyata janapuda bhavana che terasu vase sataka

j # p# # * * amaradehasaA. C. bhidasitamaradehasa

pata barasa ~pata barasa madava (21 letters) he cha

J. P. ' siri pithirajane.A. C. (4 letters) pahahi vitisiyata utara patharajano.

12 J. P.A. C. (11 letters) ma dhanam cha vipula (ya) bhayam janeto hathasam gangaya paya

J.P.A.C. yati * * ma cha raj an am baha sati sitapa deva dapam yati

J . P .A.C. rajani ta vamaga jinasa (10 letters) ma ata (5 letters) rota na

J.P.A. C. sudiha manga MAGADHA Vasasa yam ri (5 letters).

13 J. P. * * * taA. C. (11 letters) tu

jalo ralakhila BABANASIjiva ralakhilaye BABANASI

hirananivenayatihiranani cha iyati

J.P.A. C. sata vasadana than harenam asita masariya che hathi * naveoa

J.P.A.C.

anekanipariha • * ya (4 letters) na * piva maha ri rajine nibhayoka

J. P. dato mani ratanani aharopayati. —— • ' •• •A. C. * tavana * ratanani aharapayati idha sante ribha.

14 J. P. * * * si novasikariti terasamava vasesu panchata (a) vijayaA. C" * * * * novasikariti terasamava vasesu pavata vijaya

(a) In Kittoe's copy this word may be read as pabata, thus agreeing with my reading of pavata.

TEXTS. 101

J.A.

P.C.

chanachanam

kumarikumari

pasangepavate (a)

arahatearabato

punavasata pi kanianipunavasata bi (b) kayani (c)

A. C. sidinaya yapujake hira * ladatini cbenam daveni nasa sitani

J. P.A. C. ujani kata uvasa}re rava ladirana jivima kapuri khita (7 letters) ?

15 J. P.A. C. (11 letters) sakata sainelasa

vihitananchavihitenam cha

satasuta

disanamdasinam

J. P. •A. C. tanape simapusa pupanain. cba

— sidiya samipebasani sidaya samipa

J. P. subbareA. C. subbare va + bbasa matba

anekegbisipa anake

yajanayojana pita gbipa

J. P.A. C. * * pipe * * # # * * vinsi lapi bhagbapatha * * *

dhananidbadayana

16 J. P.A. C. (10 letters)

patalake chatara cheteghariya gabha tbambhe pati (tba)patalake chatara cbetegbariya gabbe tbabhe pati tba

J . P. payatiA. C. payati pannantariyasa cha vasa # # # # # ya kala cbe cbinam

J. P. ' ' agisati katariyam napadachbati agama raja savatbaA. C. cbacbo yatha agesati katariyam napadayati agama raja savatba

J. P. raja, saurase (na) raja, * ma raja, pasata sagbateA. C. raja sambbi? * * * ja nama raja, pasata sanauto anubbivato

17 J. P. u vi se kusaloA. C, (11 letters) ruta pano cbbise (?) kusalo

savasava

pasandapathabbi (d)

rananiranani

pujan (iya)pujako

J. P. (17 letters )A. C. (7 letters) ta * * *

karakara *makaraka* *

patihatapadahata

lakivahani— chakovahani

balevukatbalo chako

J, P. dhagata chana[ A. C. dbaraguta— cbako

pavata cbakopivata— chaka

rajasanka lavinai'avato mab/ivijayerajasavam sakula vini gato mahavijayo

J. P. rajaA. C. raja

kharavelakbaravela

sanda.

sirino.

(a) This word is quite clear.

(b) Perhaps parinavasanta.

(c) This word is quite clear.

(d) The letters of this word are indistinct. I have given what they appear to be to my own eye; but Priusep's reading

may be right.

102 TEXTS,

1 Saini anyapayeti

2var.

3var.

4var.

hanam

ameama

datodato

to

chachli

30.le

badham to

nala

4. 3.

1 Chikkamburivar.

2 sa ja tra ?var. pa ———

2 Pururava ?var. da. ma

4 yansa (pvi)

rar.

5 Sena Eajuya

No. 13.

DEOTEK SLAB.

Left Inscription.

Chikambari

va * ta

* * * *

He. Pa. I. Di. 14.

Right Inscription.

* sa * *sa dyi pn

* * * cha

trasyatasya

var.

baiya yabanyya ya

* Rudra.

dharmnia* miaa sy

* * sapa *

saradaui * * natbasakadam kura, * va

nam * na

Budlxe?

CAVE INSCRIPTIONS.

1 Lajina2 iyam

1 Lajina2 dasa3 kubha4 dina

1 Laja2 —sati3 adamathatima4 sumpiye5 na (c)

1 Vapiyake kubha2 anantaliyam3 Bhadantehi4 achandama

1 Gopika kubha2 —yena3 —vikemhi4 nisitha

BARABAR.

No.

Stiddma

PiyadasinaNigoha kubha

No.

Viswa

PiyadasinS.vasabhisitenaKhalatikaadivikemhi (b)

No.

Kama

PiyadasivasabhisitenaiyamKbalanti

1.

Cave.

duvadasadina

Cave.

3.

Cave.

duvaiyampavatasi

ekuneviu-methakubhapayata di

NAGARJUNI CAVES.

No. 4.

vasabhisitenaadivikemhi (a)

Vajpiyalca Cave.

Dasalathena Devanampiyenaabhisitena adivikemhivasanisidiyaye misithesuliyam.

No. 5.

Gopika Cave.DasalathenaanantaliyamBhadantehiachandama

Devanampi—abhisitena adi—vasanisidiyayesuliyam.

(a) The last six letters of this inscription are not given in Kittoe's copy (Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal XVI, PI. IX,No. 5), but they are quite legible, in spite of a determined attempt to obliterate them with a chisel. Burnouf sagaciouslycorrected Kittoe's reading of Nigopa to Nigoha, which is the name of the cave, that is, the Nyagrodha, or Banian Tree Cave.—" Le Lotus," Appendice, 780.

(6) My reading of this inscription agrees in every letter with that of Kittoo's copy and Burnouf's transcript.

(c) In the first line Kittoe read eMnevisili, which Burnouf corrected to cJconavisati. The rest of this inscription isindistinct, and is so imperfectly given by Kittoe, that Burnouf could make nothing of it. The only part that I have been ahlato restore with certainty is the name of the Khalati or Khalanti hills, which occurs also in No. 2.—" Le Lotus," Appendice,780.

104 TEXTS.

1 Vadatbika kubba2 —piyena3 —divikembi4 nisitlia

No. 6.

Vadathika Cave.

DasalatbenaanantaliyamBhadantehiacbandama

Devanain—abbisitena a,—vasanisidiyayesuliyam.

These three inscriptions, which were first published by Prinsep, have had the advantage of Burnouf's critical correction.Prinsep's texts and versions will be found in the Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal, Vol. VI, 676; and Burnoufs revised textsand translations in Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 775-776. Dasaratha was the grandson of Asoia, and succeeded to the thronein B. C. 218, in which year these inscriptions are dated.

J.p.A.C.

J.P.A.C.

J.P.A.C.

Pada-mulikasa

Cbulakammasa

Kamase

Nyacbo

UgaraTJgara

MapamadatiMapamadasa

CbulakumasaCbula krammasa

kusumasa

kotba jaya

r a * *

pasade.

avedasaakhadasa

bakayabaniyaya

pasetapasato

KHANDAGIRI .

No. 1.

Natneless Cave.

lenain.

No. 2.S?iake Cave.

cba.

No. 3.

Snake Cave.

* kbi

No. 4.

Tiger Cave.

sasuvinosabbutino

No. 5.

Nameless Cave.

yanakiyasanakiyasa

No. 6.

Paw an Cave.

kothaja (ya).kotbaja.

lonainTenam

lonauilenaua

J. P. VerasaA. C. Airasa

J.P. * kadepaA. 0. * depa

No. 7.

Manikpnra Cave.

uiabarajasa Kalingadhi patanolmiharajasa Kalhigadbipatino ma (hainegba) raba (na)

sinnosiriuo

lonatnlenain

J. P. kumaroA. C. kumaro

TEXTS.

No. 8.

Jdanikpura Cave.

VattakasaYaddakasa

Ion amlenam

105

No. 9.

J .A.

J.A.

J.A.

P.C.

P.C.

P.C.

ArahantaArahanta

rajinolasa *

pasadanampasadanam

• *

Kajino Lalakasa *

KalingaKalinga

# *

cha

22

**

VaiJcnnta Cave.

Kalinga *Kalinganam

hethisahasamhathi sahanam

# # *

# # # *

ya * nanamSamananam

panotasayapanatasa

velasavelasa

33

Ion alenam

agamahiagamalii

kadatamkaritam

cha tino

pitakadapidakada

line 1 Adipayantieha tayam

„ 2 dulekudastatam

No. 13.

RAMGARH CAVES IN SIRGUJA.

I.~8it& Bdnjird .Cave,

liadayam sada va garaka

vasantiya hiievam alangi.

//.—Jogi Mara Cave.

savand

,. 1

„ 2

„ 3

,. 4

•i 5

Sutannka nama

Devadasinyi

Sutanuka nama

tarn

Deva

Deva

kamayi tha

dina nama

dasin}'!

balanaseye

lupadakhe

blifite

N. JB,—The texts of these cave inscriptions have been taken from Mr. Beglar*a paper impressions. For No9. 4 and 9, Ihave had the advantage of consulting the photographs of Mr. H. H. Locke's plnstcr-of-Paria casts; No. 1 is a new inscription.

PILLAR INSCRIPTIONS.

{Delhi, North.)

Devanampiye PiyadasiD. S.B. M.A, DevanampiyeL. A, DevanampiyeL. N. Devanampiye

EDICT

Laja

Piyadasi Laja.Piyadasi LajaPiyadasi Laja

hevam

hevamhevamlie vain

aha:

aha:aha :aha:

Saddavlsativasa2 abhisitenatne

Saddavlsati vasabhisitenameSaddavlsati vasabhisitenameSaddavisati vasabhisitename

D. S.D. M.A.L. A.L.N.

iyam

lyamiyamiyam 2

dhammalipi

dbaminalipidhammalipidliammalipi

likhapita

likhapita2 likhapita

likhapita

hidatapalate dusampatipadaye

hidatapalatehidatapalatehidatapalate

dusampatipadayedusampatipadayedusampatipaday e

Annata

2 AnnataAnnataAnnata

D. S.3). M.A.£ . A.L. N.

agiiya dhammakainataya * agaya palikhaya, agaya sususaya, agena

agaya dhammakamataya agaya palikaya, agaya sAsusaya, agenaagaya dhammakamataya agaya palikhaye, 8 agaya sususaya, agenaagaya dhammakamataya 3 agaya palikhaya, agaya sususaya, agena

D. S. bhayena, * agena usahena,

A. bhayena, agena usahena,L. A. bhayena, agena usahena,L. N. bhay na, agena usahena,

esa cliukhomama anusathiya 6 dhamma pekha,

esaesaesa

chukhomaina • anusathiya * dhammapekha,cliukhomama anusathiya dhammapekha,chukhomama * anusathiya dhammapekha.

D. S. dhatuma kamata cha suve suve vadhita, vadhisati che va

A. dhammakamata cha suve suve vadhita vadhisati che va.L. A. * dhammakamata cha suve snve vadhita vadhisati che vaL. N. dhammakamata cha suve suve vadhita vadhisati che va

D. S.D. M.A.L. A.L. N.

pulisapi

])ulisapipulisapipulisapi

cha

aaa

meme

ukasa

ukasa,ukasaukasa

cha

chachacha

gevaya

gevayagevayagevaya

cha

chachacha

majhima cha

majhima chamajhima chamajhima cha

D. S. anuvidhiyaiitiD. M.A. anuvidhlyantiL. A. anuvidhi3rantiL. N. anuvidhiyanti

sampatipadayanti cha alanchapalan samadapayitave

sampatipadayanti chasampatipadayailti cbasampatipadayanti cha

4 alanchapalau samadapayitavealafichapalaii samadapayitavealanchapalau samadapayitave

hemevahemeva

6 hemeva

(a) The word cha is omitted in these three texts.

D. S.D. M.A.L.A.L.N.

D. S.D. M..A:L.A.L.N.

D. S.D.M.A.L. A.L.N.

D. S.D.M.A.L.A.L. N.

D. S.D.M.A.L. A.L.N.

D. S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D. s;D.M.A.L. A.L.N.

D. S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

aiita 9 mahamatapianta mahamatapiauta mahamatapianta mahamatapianta mahamatapi

dhammena vidhane,dhammena vidhane,dhammena vidhane,

6 dhammena vidhane,dhammena vidhane,

{Delhi, North.)

Devanampiye Piyadasi11 Devanampiye Piyadasi5 Devanampiye Piyadasi7 Devanampiye Piyadasi8 Devanampiye Piyadasi

dhammeti apasinavedhammeti 12 apasinavedhammeti apasinavedhammeti apasinavedhammeti apasinave

pime bahuvidhepime 13 bahuvidhepime 6 bahuvidhepime bahuvidhepime bahuvidhe

vividhe me anugahe

vividhe me anugahevividha me anugahevividhe me anugahe

bahuni kayanani

bahuni kayananibahuni kayananibahuni kayanani

likhapita. Hevam

likhapita. Hevamlikhapita. Hevamlikhapita. Hevam

TEXTS.

esahi vidhi ya, iyam. dhammena

esahi vidhi ya iyam dhammenaesahi vidhi ya. iyam dhammenaesahi vidhi ya iyam dhammena

20 dhammena sukhiyana, dhammena20 dhammena su —

dhammena sukhiyana, dhammenadhammena sukhiyana, dhammenadhammena sukhiyana, 7 dhammeua

EDICT II.

gotiti

gotitigotitigotiti

Laja " hevam aha, Dhammesadhu,Laja he— Dhammesadhu,Laja hevam aha, Dhammesadhu,Laja hevam aha Dhammesadhu,Laja hevaih aha Dhammesadhu,

bahukayane " dayadane sachebahukayani dayadane sachebahukayane dayadane sachebahukayane dayadane sachebahukayane 9 dayadane sache

difine, dupada 13 chatupadesu,difine, dupada chatupadesu,dinne, dupada chatupadesu,dine, dupada chatupadesu,dine, dupada chatupadesu,

kate; apana 14 dakhinayekate; apane dakhanayokate; apana dakhinayeka$e; 9 apana dakhinayekate; apana dakhinaye

katani; etaye me athaye1& katani; etaye me athaye

katani; r etaye me athayekatani; et&j*e me athaye

11 katani; etaye me athaye

anupa^ipajantu 16 chilanthiti kacha16 anupafipajafitu chilathiti kacha

anupaipajan^u chilathiti kacha10 anupatipajafitu chilanthiti kacha

anupatipajantu chilanthiti kacha

sochayesochayesochaye

8 socheyetisocheyeti

pakhipakhipakhipakhipakhi

annanipichaannanipicheannanipichaannanipichaannanipicha

iyamiyamiyamiyamiyam

hotutitihothotuti:hotuti:hotuti :

107

palana,*nd,

palana,palana,palana,

cha.

kiyamchakiyamchakiyamchu (a)kiyamchakiyamcha

chakhudanechakhudanochakhudanechakhudanochakhudane

valichalesuvalichalesuvalichalesuvalichalesu

10 valichalesu

mememememo

dhammalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipidhammalipi

: yecha

yechayecha

12 yecha

(<r) The vowel K is perhaps only a flaw in the stone.

108 TEXTS.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

hevam— —hevamhevamhevam

sampati

sampatisampatisampati

pajisatipajisatipajisatipajisatipajisati

se sukatamse sukathase sukatamse sukatamse sukatam

kachhatiti.kachhatiti.kachhatitikachhatiti,kachhati.

EDICT III.{Delhi, North)

D. S. " Devanampiye PiyadasiD. M. 28 Devanampiye PiyadasiA. 8 Devanampiye PiyadasiL. A. u Devanampiye PiyadasiL. N. 13 Devanampiye Piyadasi

Laja.LajaLajaLajaLaja

hevamhevamhevamhevamhevam

aha: kayanam meva dekhatiaha: kayanam meva dekhatiaha: kayanam meva dekhatiaha: kayanam meva dekhantiaha: kayanam meva dekhanti

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

lyam meiyam meiyam meiyam meiyam me

18 kayanekayanekayanekayanekayane

kateti:kateti:kateti:kateti;kateti:

NominaNominaNominaNominaNomina

papampapakampapampapam

dekhatidekhatidekhatidekhanti

14 dekhanti

iyamiyamiyamiyamiyam

mememememe

D. S. pape kateti; iyam va asinave 19 namati, dupativekhe chukhoD. M. pape kateti; iyam va 20 asinave namati, dupativekhe chukhoA. papake kateti; iyam va asinave namati, * * * (a) * *L. A. pape ' kateti; 12 iyam va asinave namati, dupati vekhe chukhoL. N. pape kateti; iyam va asinave namati, dupati vekhe chukho

D.S.D.M.A.L. A.L.N.

esaesa*

esaesa

hevamhevam* *

hevamhevam

chukhochukho

* *

chukhochukho

esaesa*esaesa

dekhiye.dekhiye.# *

dekhiye.dekhiye.

I meni2I I mani

* *

I maniu I mani

2* asinavaasinava* *

asinavaasinava

gamini nama;gamini nama;

* *

gamini namati;gamini namati;

D. S. athaD. M. athaA. *L. A. athaL. N. atha

chandiyechandiye# #

chandiye

chandiye

nithuliye kodhemane isya: 21 kalane navahakam manithuliye kodhe ^ mane isya: kalane navahakam ma

13 nithuliye kodhe mane i sya : kalanenavahakam ma

nithuliye kodhe mane isya: kalanenavahakam 15 ma,

palibhasayisam:

palihhasayisam:D.S.D.M.A.L. A. palibhasayisanti :L. N. palibhasayisanti:

esa badhaesa badha

esa badbamesa badbam

dekhiye23 dekhiye

dekhiyedekhiye

iyamiyam

iyamiyam

meme

meme

22 hidatikayehidatikaye

hidatikayehidatikaye

iyamiyam

iyamiyam

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

manamana

meme

meme

palatikaye.palatikaye.

palatikayeti.palatikayeti.

(a) Here the Asokn inscription is cut away by Jahangir's barbarous record of his ancestry.(6) Omitted in the original text.

TEXTS. 109

EDICT IV.

D.S.D. M.A.L.A.L. N.

(Delhi, North.)1 Devanampiye

M Devanampiye17 Devanampiye

Piyadasi

PiyadasiPiyadasi

laja

lajalaja

hevam

hevamhevam

aha:

aha:aha:

Saddavisati

SaddavisatiSaddavisati

vasa2 abbisitename

vasabhisitenamevasabhisitename

D.S.D. M.A.L.A.L. N.

lyam

lyamiyam

dhammalipi

dhammalipidhammalipi

likbapita.

likhapita.likbapita.

Lajukame babusu

Lajukame bahusuLajukame 18 bahftsu

pana

panapana

sata sabasesu

satasata

sabasesnsahasesu

D.S.D. M.A.L.A.L. N.

janasi

'janasijanasi

ayata

ayataayata

tesam

tesamtesam

yeye

abbihaleva

abbibalevaabbibaleva

* dandeva atapatiye me

dandevadandeva

atapatiyeatapatiye

meme

kate

katekate

D.S.D. M.AL.A.L.N.

kinti

kintikinti

lajuka,

lajiikalajuka

aswatha

aswathaaswtaha

abhita

abbita'» abbita

kammani

kammanikammani

pavataye

pavatayepavataye

vfc:

vuti:vuti:

janasa

janasajauasa

janapadasa

D.S.D. M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D. M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L. A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L. A.L.N.

janapadasa

dukbiyanam

dukhtyanamdukhiyanam

janapadamjanapadam

hitasukham

16 hitasukhamhitasukham

janisanti:

janisanti::Q janisanti:

upadahevu

upadahevuupadahevA

DhammayatenaDbammayatena

janapadam kintihi datam cha

6 anugahineva

anugabinevuanugabinevu

cba

chacha

sukhiyana—

sukhiyana—sukhiyana—

Dhammayatena cha

chacba

palitam

kintihikintihi

datamdatam

cha " palatamcha palatam

viyo

viyoviyo

cha

chacha

vidasanti.

vadisatiti.vadisaiiti.

* aladhayevuti

aladhayavualadhayeviiti

Janam

JanamJanam

lajuka

lajukalajuka

pilabanti; (a) paticbalitaveman pulisanipi me » chhandannani patichalisanti, tepi cba- • ' paticbalisanti, l0 tepi cha

pilaghanti patichalitavemaii pulisanipi me chhandannani patichalisanti,pilagbanti 21 paticbalitaveman pulisanipi me , cbhandaunani patichalisanti,

kani

kanikani

viyo

viyoviyo

vadisanti

vadisantivadisanti

yenamam

yenamamyenamam

lajuka— ka

"lajftkalajuka

10 chaghantichaghanti

chaghantichaghaiiti

tepi cbatepi cha

aladhayitave.aladha " yitave

aladhoyatave.aladhayitave.

(a) The two Laurya Pillars read pilaghanti, with the rough guttural aspirate gh.

110

D.S.D.M.A

A.

L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.

A.L.A.L,N.

D.S.D.M.AA.

L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L. A.L.N.

Atha

Atha+22 Atha

dhati

dhatidhati

lajuka13 lajuka

lajukalajuka

santamsan

santam• santam

14 abhihaleva.abhihalevaabhihalevaabhihaleva

15 viyohalahala

17 viyohalaviyohalaviyohala

pichameme

pichamepichamepichame

pata

patapatapata

hi pa jam

hi pajamhi pajam

chaghanti

chaghantichaghanti

kata— -

katekate

avimana

avimanaavimana

TEXTS.

viyataye dhatiye nisi jitu " aswathf——— • nisa jitu aswatha

viyantaye dhatiye nisi jitu aswatheviyataye dhatiye nisi jitu aswathe

me pajam; sukham. hali hataneli hantave

me pajam; sukham hali hataveti:me pajam; sukham hali hataveti:

janapadasa hitasukhaye yena ^ ete—• ' . - i • •• y e y e n a e t e

janapadasa hitasukhaye yena etejanapadasa hitasukhaye yena ete

kammani . pavataye vuti. Etena— — vataye vuti Etena

.kammani pavataye vuti. Etena.kammani pavataye vuti. 2* Etena

dandeva . atapatiye kate. Ichhitaviyehi— atapatiye ka^e. 16 Ichhitaviye

dandeva atapatiye kate. Ichhitaviyehi20 dandeva atapatiye kate. Ichhitaviye

dandeva antapatiye kate. Ichhitaviye

samatasamatasamata,samatasamata

avuti.avuti.avuti.avuti.avuti.

vadhanamvadhanamvadhanamvadhanamvadhanam

nijhapayisanti;jhapayisanti;

nijhapayisanti;nijhapayisanti;

26 nijhapayisanti:

cha siya danda samata cha;cha siy& 17 danda samata ——cha siya danda samata chacha siya danda samata cha;cha eiya danda samata cha;

16 Bandhana badhanam munisanamBandhana badhanam 1S munisanamBandhana badhanam munisanamBandhana badhanam 2J munisanamBandhane bandhanam munisanam

tinni divasani me17yote dinnetinni divasani me19yote . dinnetinni divasani (i) yote dinne I8

tinni divasani me yote dinnetinni divasani me yote dinne

> hotihoti

hotihoti

12 hevarhhevam

19 hevam23 hevam

abhitaabhita

abhitaabhita

meme—meme

esa—esaesaesa

ava—avaava

25 ava

tilita

tilitatilitatilita

nati* *natinatinati

jivitaye tanarh I8nasantam va nijhapayitajivitaye tanam ^ nasantam ' va nijivitaye tanam nasantam va nijhapayitajivitaye tanam nasantam va M nijhayayitavejivitaye tanam nasantam va nijhayayitave

; viyata; 12 viyata

viyataviyata

t mamamama

mamamama

13 aswatha14 aswatha

aswathaaswathe

lajukanam15 lajukanam16 (o)narii

lajukanamlajukanam

kinti;

hinti;kinti;kinti;

ite— •

iteiteite

dandanam;

dandanam;dandanam;dandanam -T

kavakani

kanakantkavakanikavakani

danam

danamdanamdanam

(a) Here the Allahabad text becomes legible, the lower halves of the letters of the 16th line being visible under theflowered border of Jahangir's inscription. - "

(&) Omitted in the original text.

TEXTS. I l l

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L N.

dahanti11111 ti

dahantidahantidahanti

niludhasipiniludhasipiniludhasipiniludhasipi

27 niludhasipi

vividhevividhevividhevividhevividhe

palatikampalatikam s

palatikampalatikampalatikam

kalasi

upavasam11 upavasam

upavasamupavasumupavasum

palatamkalasi ffl palatamkalasikalasikalasi

dhammachalane,dhammachalane,dhammachalane,dhammachalanedhammachalane

palatampalatampalatam

sayame23 sayame

sayamesayamesayame

vavavavava

aladhayealadhayealadhayealadhayealadhaye

danasadana—danasadanasadanasa

EDICT V.

kachhantik a

kachhantikachhantikachhanti

vuti

vuvuti *vuti

vibhageti

vibhagetivibhagetivibhageti.

19 Ichhahime* * * #

19 IcchahimeIchhahi meIchhahi me

janasa cha

janasa cha1 janasa cha

janasa cha

hevamhevamhevamhevamhevam

J0vadhativadhativadhativadhativadhati

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

(Delhi, South.)

1 Devanampiye

40 Devanampiye3 Devanampiye* Devanampiye

2 abhisitename

Piyadasi

PiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasi

imani

—bhisitename imani—bhisitename (a) imani 1—bhisitename (J)imanipi

3suke, salika, alune,

suke, salika, alune,suke, salika, alune,suke, salika, alune,

<jatuka* *jatuka,jatuka,jatuka,

5 gangapupujake,

gangapuputake,gangapuputake,

4 gangapuputake,

ambakapilika,

ambakipilika,3 ambakapilika,

ambakapilika,

Laja

LajaLajaLaja

jatani

jatanijatani

«jatani

hevam

hevamhevamhevam

avadhiyani

avadhiyaniavadhyaniavadhyani

chakavake, hanse,

chakavake, hanse,chekavake, hanse,chakavake, hanse,

dadi,

dubhi,dadi,dudi, |

8ankujamachhe,

sankujamachhe,sankujamachhe,sankujamachhe,

aha:

aha:aha:aha:

katani

katani3 katanikatani

Saddavisativasa

Saddavisativasa—Saddavisativasa—Saddavisativasa,—

seyatha,

seyatha,seyatha,

seyatha,

nandimukhe gelate,

31 nandimukho gelate,nandimukhe gelate,

3 nandimukhe, gelate.

anathi kamachhe,

(c) anathi kamachhe,anathi kamachhe,

(c) anathi kamachhe,

kaphata

kaphatakaphatakaphata

sayake,

**ke ,seyake, A

eeyake,

vedaveyako,

vedaveyake,vedaveyake,vedaveyake,

pannasascsimale,

pannasasesimale,'. pannasasesimale,

pannasasesimale,

(a) Sic in both of the Lauriya texts.(5) The addition of pi at the end of the word imani is peculiar to this text.

(c) The differences of reading in this name are curious, Perhaps Ih was intended in all which by the omission of a singlesmall stroke would have become a cerebral &.

112

D S. 6 sandake,

A.L. A.L. N.

sandake,sandake,sandake,

okapinde, (a)

• *

okapindeokapinde,

TEXTS.

palasate,

* #palasate,

5 palasate,

setaka-pote

22 takapote,setaka-pote,setaka-pote,

gamaka-pote,

gamakapote,gamaka-pote,gamaka-pote,

D. S. * saveD.M.A. saveL. A. saveL. N. save

chatupade,

chatupadechatupadechatupade

ye patibhogam no eti,

ye patibhogam5 ye pati * *

ye patibhogamno eti,no eti,

no chakhadiyati

nana

* #chakhadiyati, ajakanani,chakhadiyati, 6 ajakanani

D. S.D. M.A.L. A.L. N.

8 edak&cha,edakacha,* * *edaka-cha,edakacha,

sukalicha

* * #

sukali-cha,sukalicha.

gabhiniva9 gabhin + va

» #' *

gabhinivagambhiniva

payammava:payamenava:payami *payaminava;payaminava;

avadhaya patakeavadhaya patake# # # # *

• avadhya potakeavadhya potake

D. S.D. ar.A.L.A.L.N.

9 pichakanipichakani* * #

chakanichakani

asanmasike vadhikukute {b) no kataviye: tase10 asanmasike vadhikukute no kataviye: tase

* * # * * # # * # # # # #asanmasike vadhikukute no kataviye: tase

7 asanmasike vadhikukute no kataviye: tase

sajivesajive

23 sajivesajivesajive

D- S. I9 no jhapetaviye; dave anathayevaD. M. n no jhapetaviye dave anathayevaA. no jhape * * _ _ _ _ _ _L. A. no jhapayitaviye dave 'anathayevaL. N. no jhapayitaviye dave anathayeva

vihisayevavihisayeva

vihisayeva8 vihisayeva

no jhapetaviyeno l2 jhapetaviye

no jhapayitaviyeno jhapayitaviye

D. S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

- jivenajivejivenajive

jivenajivejivenajive

nono

nono

pasitaviyepusitaviye

pusitaviyepusitavive

tisutisu

tisutisu

cbatanchatun

chatunchatun

masi3U Tisayammasisu n Tisayam

masisumasisu

TisayamTisiyam

punnamasiyampunnamasiyam

8 punnamasiyam9 punnamasiyam

D.S.D.M.A.L.A.L.N.

12 tinnitinni# #

tinnitinni

divasani,divasani,# # *

divasani,divasani,

chavudasam,chavudasam,

24 chavudasam,chavudasam,chavudasam,

pannadasam,pannadasam,panchadasam,

pannadasam,pannadasam,

patipadaye14 patipadaye

patipadam,patipadam,

dhuvaya cha.dhavayecha

dhuvayechadhuvayecha

D. S. 12 anuposathaD. M. anuposatham

L. A. anuposathamL. N. anuposatham

D. S. 14 nagavanasi,D. M. nagavanasi,A.L. A. nagavanasi,L. N. nagavanasi,

machhemachhe

machhemachhe

avadhiyeavadhiye

avadhyeavadhye

kevatabhogasikevatabhogasi

kevatabhogasi,kevatabhogasi,

nopiviketviye etanino pi 25 viketaviye etani

no pi 9 riketaviye etani10 no piviketaviye etani

yam5yani

yaniyani

annaniannani

annaniannani

yevayeva

yevayeva

P»

pipi

divasanidivasani

divasanidivasani

jivanikayanijivanikayani

jivanikayani11 jivanikayani

(a) I have changed Prinsep's uka to oka, as the vowel is the initial o in all the texts.(b) Priusep reads kaJca, bat all the texts agree as above in giving Jcute.

TEXTS. 113

D. S. M nohantaviyani.D. M. nohantaviyani.

L. A. w nohantaviyani.L. N. nohantaviyani.

Athami" Athami

AthamiAthami

pakhaye,pakhaye,

pakhaye,pakhaye,

chavudasaye,chavudasaye,

chavudasaye,chavudasaye,

pannadasaye, Tisaye.pannadasaye, Tisayo.

pannadasaye, Tisaye,pannadasaye, Tisaye,

D. S. 1S punavasune, tisun — chatun—D. M' 18 punavasune, tisun chatun—A. •L. A. punavasune, tisu— chatun—L. N. punavasune, n tisu— chatun—

masisu, sudivasaye, gonemasisu, sudivasaye, gone

26 sudivasaye, gonemasisu, " sudivasaye, gonemasisu, sudivasaye, gone

nonilakhitaviye,19 no nilakhitaviye,

no nilakhitaviyeno nilakhitaviyeno nilakhitaviye

D. S. l7 ajake,D. M. ajake,A. ajake,L. A. ajake,L. N. ajake,

edake,edake,eda—edake,edake,

sukale,sukale,

sukale,sukale,

evapi anneevapi 2° anne

evapievapi

anneanne

nilakhiyatinilakhiyati

nilakhiyati13 nilakhiyati

nono

nono

nilakhitaviyenilakhitamviye

nilakhitaviyenilakitaviye

D. S. 18 tisaye, - punavasune, chatumnasiye, chatunmasipakhaye, aswasa, gonasaD. M. tisaye, punavasune, 2l chatunmasiye, chatunmasipakhaye, aswasa, gonasa^ . t

L. A. 12 tisaye, punavasune, chatunmasiye, chatunmasipakhaye, aswasa, gonasaL. N. tisaye, punavasune, chatunmasiye, chatunmasipakhaye, aswasa, gonasa

D. S. 19 lakhune nokhataviye: yava saddavisativasa abhisitename etayoD. M. lakhnne 22 nokhataviye - yava saddavisativasa athisitename etayeA. " lakhune nokataviye, yava saddavisativasabhi ——L. A. lakhane nokataiye,: 13 yava saddavisativasabhisitename etayoL. JN". J4 lakhane nokataviye: yava saddavisativasabhisitename etaye

D. S. 2o antalikayeD. M. ^ antalikayeA

L. A. antalikayeL. N. antalikaye

pannavisatipannavisati

pannavisatipannavisati

bandhanabandhana

bandhana15 bandhana

mokhanimokhani

mokhanimokhani

katani.katani. (a)

katani.katani.

D.S.A.L.A.

(Delhi East.)1 Devanampiye

28 Devanampiye14 Devanampiye

L. N. 16 Devanampiye

PiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasiPiyadasi

EDICT VI.

LajaLa*LajaLaja

hevam# #hevamhevam

aha.# *aliaaha.

Duvadasa# # *DuvadasaDuvadasa

D.S.A.L.A.L.N.

2 vasa abhisitenamo

vasabhisitenumevasabhisitename

dhammalipi

dhammalipidhammalipi

likhapitA

likbapitalikhapita

lokasa

lokasa17 lokasa

D. S. 3 hitasukhaye; setam apahata, tamtam dhammavadhi papovaA. • —— ' " — — dhammavadhi papovaL. A. 1S hitasukhaye; setam apahata, tamtam dhammavadhi papov&L. N. hitasukhaye; setam apahata, tamtam dhammavadhi piipova

(a) The inscription on the DclhikMirat Pillar ends here, the rest being lost by the nbrasion of the stone.

TEXTS.

D. S. 4 bevamA. hevamL. A. hevamL. N. hevam

lokasalokasalokasalokasa

bitasukbeti29 bitasukbeti

bitasukbeti18 bitasukbeti

pativekhami.pativekhami.pativekbami.pativekhami.

AthaAtba

16 AtbaAtba

iyam* *iyamiyam

5 natisu* *

natisunatisu

D. S. hevamA. * *L. A. hevamL. N. hevam

patiyasannesu,patiyasannesu,

) patyasannesu,patyasannesu,

hevamhevamhevamhevam

apakathesuapakathesuapakathesuapakathesu

6 kimankanikimankanikimankani

19 kimankani

sukbamsu *sukhamsukham

I). S. avahamiti tatba cha vidahami; hemeva 7 savanikayesuA. * * * * * * idahami hevam meva sava * kayesuL.A. avahamiti tatha cba vidahami 17 hemeva savanikayesuL. N". avahamiti tatha cha vidahami hemeva savanikayesu

D. S.A.L.A.L. N.

pativekhami;pativekbamipativekhami;pativekhami;

sava30 sava

sava20 sava

pasanda

pasanda,pasanda

pimepimepimepime

pujitapujitapujitapujita

8 vividhayavividhayavividhayavividhaya

pujaya* jayapujayapujaya

D. S.A.L.A.L.N.

echuechuecbuechu

iyamiyamiyamiyam

a tanaatanaatanaatana

pacbupagamanepacbupagamanepacbapagamanepacbupagam ane

9 semeseme

18 seme20 seme

mokhyamatemukhyamutemukbyamutemokhyamute

D. S. saddavisativasa abhisitename 10 iyamA. sa * * * * * * * *L. A. saddavisativasabhisitename iyamL. N. saddavisativasabhisitename iyam

dhammalipi* lipidbammalipidhammalipi

likhapita.likhapitati.likhapita.likhapita.

EDICT VII.

(Delhi, East.)

11 Devanampiye Piyadasi laja hevam aba: ye atikantam

12 antalam . lajane husa hevam ichhisu, katham jane

13 dhammavadhiya vadheya nochujane anulupaya dhammavadhiya

14 vadhitba etam. Devanampiye Piyadasi laja, hevam aha: esame

15 hutha atakantam-cha antalam hevam ichisu lajane katbam jane

16 anulupaya dbammavadhiya vadheyati nochajane anulupaya

17 dhammavadbiya vadhitba: se kina sujane anupatipajeya

18 kina sujane anulupaya dhammavadhiya vadheyati; kina sukani

19 abhyum namayeham dhammavadhiyati etam. Devanampiya Piyadasi laja, hevam

20 aba: esame hutha dbammasavanani savapayami dhammanusathini

21 anasisami: etam jane sutu anupatipajisati abbyum namisati

TEXTS. 115

EDICT VIII.(Delhi, around the pillar.)

1 Dhamma vadhiya. clia badham vadhisati etaye me athaye dhamma eavan&nisavapitani dbammanusathini vividhani anapitani (yathatiyi) papibahune janasm ayataete paliyo vadisantipi pavithalisantipi lajukapi babukesu pana sata sabasesuayata tepime anapita hevam cha hevam cha paliyo vadatba

2 janam dbammayatam. Devanampiye Piyadasi (a) hevam aha eta meva meanuvekhamane dhamma thambhani kataui, dhammnmahamata, kata, dbamma(kha )kate Devanampiye Piyadasi laja hevam aha: magesu pi me nigohnnilopa pitani chhayopagani basanti pasumunisanam ambavadikya lopapita adhakosikyadipi me . udupanani

3 khanapapitani ninsi diyacha kalapita apanaui me bahukani tata tata kalapitanipatibhogaye pasumunisanam (sa * * ) esa patibhogenama vividhayahi sukhayanaya,puli me hipi (b) lajihi mamayacha sukhayite loke: imamchu dhammanupatipatipajantuti etadatha me

aha: dhammamaliamata, pime tase pavajitanam cheva gihilhanam

sangbathasi pime kate imepime kate.

ime viyapata hohanti

4 esa kate: Devanampiye Piyadasi (b) hevambahu bidhesu athesu anugahikesu viyapa|acha sava (pasan)desu picha viyapata seviyapata hohantiti hemeva. Babhanesu ajivikesu(Delhi, around the pillar,)

5 ime viyapata hohantiti, niganthesu pime kate,pasandesu pime kate ime viyapata hohantiti: pativisitham pativisitbam tesutesute te mahamata dbammamahamata chu me etusa cheva viyapata, savesu cha annesupasandesu. Devanampiya Piyadasi laja hevam aba:

6 ete cha anne cha bahuka mukha, danavisagasi viyapata se mama chevadevinam cba, savasi cba me olodhanasi (c) te bahu vidhena a * lenatani tani tatha, yatan(a)ni pati(ta * * *) hida cheva disasu cha dalakanam picha me kate annanam cha devikumalanam imedanavisagesu viyapata hohantiti

7 dbammapadana thaye dhammanupatipatiye: esahi dhammapadane dhammapatipati chaya, iyam dayadane sache so chave madave sadavecha lokasa hevam vadhisatitiDevanamp(iye piyada)si laja hevam aha, yanibikanicbi mamiya sadhavani kataiiitarn loke anupatipanne tam cha anuvidhiyanti tena vadhita cha

8 vadhisanti cha matapitisu sususaya gulusu sususaya vayo mahalakanam anupatipatiya,Bdbhana Samanesa, kapanavalakesu, avadasa bhatakesu sampatipatiya. Devanampiye(Piya)dasi laja hevam aha: munisanam chu ya iyam dhammavadhi vadhita.duvehi yeva akalehi dhammaniyamena cha nijhatiya cha

9 tata chuesa yemebahuk( )munisanam

10 analambhayemasuliyikehidata(pala)teDevanampiye

11 dhammalibicbilatithike

lahuse dhamma niyame nijhatiyiva bhuye dhanamaniyame chuklioiyam kate: imaflicha imani jatani avadbiyani annani pichu

dhammaniyamani yani me katani: nijhatiya va chu bhuyedhammavadhi vadhita avihinsaye bhutanam

pananam se etaye atbaye iyam kate jmta papotike chandahotuti tatha, cha anupatipajantuti hevam hi anupati pajantam

aladhe hoti sataviBativaSabhisitoname iyam dhammalibi likhapapitati etamaha: iyam

ata athi silathambhaniva silaphalakauiva, (</) tata kataviya ena esasiya,

(a). The word Laja is omitted in both of these places after Piyadasi; but it is present in all the after part of theinscription wherever the king's name is mentioned.

(J). Omitted by Prinsep.(c). Prinsep read9 uludhanasi, but the word begins with the initial o.(d). Prinsep's last reading of this word was dharika (see Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, VI, 1059), but

the true reading is phalaJeani, or " tablets," as given in the text.

116 TEXTS.

ALLAHABAD PILLAE.

SEPAEATE EDICTS.

No. 1.

Queen's Edict.

1 Devanampiyasa vachanena savata mahamata,

2 vataviya: eheta dutiyaye Deviye dane

3 Ambavadika, va alameva danam ebeva(P)etasi(P) anne(?)

4 Kicbhiganiya titaye Deviye senani pi vatha(P)

5 dutiyaye Deviyeti ti valamatu kaluvakiye.

No. 2.

Kosambi Edict.

Kosambiyamahamata

* * sanghasi nila hiyo

bhiti * bbanti nita cbi

dbapayita a * tasa * am yasayi.

SANCHI PILLAR.

1 Devanampiye

2 —^

3 I-

4 ba-

1 J . P .

A. C. *va- 1 2 3 4 6 6magamaga

* ** #

2 J .P.A. C. * seni • bbi * * nam cbati petaviya

3 J .P.

4

5

6

7

A.

J.A.

C.

P.C.

J.P.A. C.

J.A.

J.A.

P.C.

P.C.

* vika Cbandagiriye keye .

bbakhati bhikhunabhi khamavasebhakhati Bhikhu cha Bhikhuni yi khu

nidusapi savam

Sasijala petaviyesasi visa petaviye

—si: sampesimate—ti sangbasamage

* payita

ichbahimeicbhani me

chilatbitikecbilatbitike

sangbam

datadata

ana *

fidi)ean—

siyatisiyati.

TRANSLATIONS.

KOCK INSCRIPTIONS.

EDICT I.Prinsep.

" The following edict of religion is promulgatedby the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi:—

" ' In this place the putting to death of anythingwhatever that hath life, either for the benefit ofthe puja, or in convivial meetings, shall not bedone. Much cruelty of this nature occurs in suchassemblies. The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi is(as it were) a father (to his people). Uniformityof worship is wise and proper for the congregationof the heaven-beloved Piyadasi Raja.

" (Formerly, in the great refectory and templeof the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, daily weremany hundred thousand animals sacrificed for thesake of meat food. So even at this day whilethis religious edict is under promulgation, fromthe sacrifice of animals for the sake of food, sometwo are killed, or one is killed; but now thejoyful chorus resounds again and again—thathenceforward not a single animal shall be put todeath/ "

Wilson." This is the edict of the beloved of the gods.

Raja Priyadasi:"e The putting to death of animals is to be

entirely discontinued, and no convivial meet-ing is to be held; for the beloved of the gods,the Raja Priyadasi, remarks many faults insuch assemblies. There is but one assembly,indeed, which is approved of by the Raja Priya-dasi, the beloved of the gods, which is that ofthe great kitchen of Raja Priyadasi, the belovedof the gods. Every day hundreds of thousandsof animals have been there slaughtered forvirtuous purposes, but now, although this piousedict is proclaimed that animals may be killedfor good purposes, and such is the practice, yetas the practice is not determined, these presentsare proclaimed that hereafter they shall not bekilled/"

EDICT II.Prinsep.

" Everywhere within the conquered province ofRaja Piyadasi, the beloved of the gods, as well asin the parts occupied by the faithful, such asChola, Pida,* Satiyapulra, and Ketalaputra, evenas far as Tambapanni (Ceylon); and, moreover,within the dominions of ANTIOCHUS, the Greek

Wilson." In all the subjugated (territories) of the

king Priyadasi, the beloved of the gods, and alsoin the bordering countries, as (C/wda), Palaya*(or Paraya), Satyaputra, Keralaputra, Tamba-

pani (it is proclaimed), and ANTIOCHUS by namethe Yona (or Yavana) raja, and those princes

* The true readings of these important names of the countries bordering on the dominions of Asoka are as follows :Choda, Pandiya, Satiyaputra, Ketalaputra, and Tambapani. The first two are well known as Chola and Pdndya, beingthe extreme southern provinces of India, while Tambapani is the Island of Ceylon, the Taprobane of the Greeks.Ketalaputra is the district of Kerala, on the western coast between the Krishna River and Mysore. No representativeof Satiyaputra has yet been proposed except by Lassen, who considered it as the Buddhist name of the King of Pida(or Pandya). But it seems to me that this name is capable of the same exact identification as the others. In Ptolemy'smap we have the name of Sadini, a people on the coast to the west of BaitMna, orPaithan on the God&vari. They aresaid to be pirates; and as the name of the Andri Pirates is also found in the same place, I believe that we have the samepeople designated by two different names—;first, as SADINI, or Sddavahans or S&taJcarnis, and second, as AKDBI orAndhras. That the Andhras were a powerful nation in the time of Asoka, I have already established by reading theirname in the 13th Edict of the Shahbazgarhi and Klialsi texts. The name of Satalearni is written S&dav&hana in oneof the Nasik Inscriptions (West No. 6), and Ptolemy's form would be obtained by the elision of the h in Sadakani.Another form of the name is preserved in the Periplus as Saraganos, in which, according to a common Indian practice,the £«and d afe'ehanged to r in pronunciation.

118 TRANSLATIONS.

Prinsep.(of which Antioehus' generals are the rulers),everywhere the heaven-beloved Eaja Piyadasi'sdouble system of medical aid is established—both medical aid for men, and medical aid foranimals, together with the medicaments of allsorts, which are suitable for men, and suitablefor animals. And wherever there is not (suchprovision), in all such places they are to be pre-pared, and to be planted: both root-drugs andherbs, wheresoever there is not (a provision ofthem), in all such places shall they be depositedand planted.

" And in the public highways wells are to bedug, and trees to be planted, for the accommo-dation of men and animals."

Wilson.who are nearer to (or allied with) that monarch,universally (are apprised) that (two designs havebeen cherished by Priyadasi, one design) regard-ing men, and one relating to animals; andwhatever herbs are useful to men or useful toanimals wherever there are none, such havebeen everywhere caused to be conveyed andplanted, (and roots and fruits wherever thereare none, such have been everywhere conveyedand planted; and on the roads) wells have beencaused to be dug, (and trees have been planted)for the respective enjoyment of animals andmen."

EDICT III.Prinsep.

"Thus spake the heaven-beloved king Fiya-dasi: e By me, after the twelfth year of my anoint-ment, this commandment is made. Everywherein the conquered (provinces) among the faithful,whether (my own) subjects or foreigners, afterevery five years, let there be (a public) humi-liation for this express object, yea, for the con-firmation of virtue and for the suppression of dis-graceful acts.

"' Good and proper is dutiful service to motherand father; towards friends and kinsfolks, to-wards Brahmans and Sramans, excellent ischarity:—prodigality and malicious slander arenot good.

" ' All this the leader of the congregation shallinculcate to the assembly, with (appropriate) ex-planation and example/ "

Wilson." King PHyadasi says : ' This was ordered by

me when I had been twelve years inaugurated.In the conquered country, and among my ownsubjects as well as strangers, that every fiveyears expiation should be undergone with thisobject, for the enforcement of such moral obli-gations as were declared by me to be good:such as duty to parents, (and protection of)friends and children, (relations,) Brahmans andSramans:—good is liberality, good is non-in-jury of living creatures, and abstinence fromprodigality and slander are good. Continuancein this course (the discharge of these duties)shall be commended both by explanation andby example/ "

EDICT IV.Prinsep.

" ' In times past, even for many hundred years»has been practised the sacrifice of living beings,the slaughter of animals, disregard of relations,and disrespect towards Brahmans and Sramans.

<" This day, by the messenger of the religion ofthe heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, (has been made)a proclamation by beat of drum, a grand an-nouncement of religious grace, and a display ofequipages, and a parade of elephants, and thingsto gratify the senses, and every other kind ofheavenly object for the admiration of mankind,such as had never been for many hundred years,such as were to-day exhibited.

Wilson."' During a past period of many centuries,

there have prevailed—destruction of life, injuryof living beings, disrespect towards kindred, andirreverence towards Sramans and Brahmans.But now, in conformity to moral duty, the piousproclamation of king Priyadasi, the belovedof the gods, is made by beat of drum, in amanner never before performed for hundreds ofyears, with chariot and elephant processions,and fireworks and other divine displays of thepeople exhibiting the ceremonies (and this; forthe promulgation of the law of king Priya-dasi, &c, that non-destruction of life, non-

TRANSLATIONS, 119

Wilson.

injury to living beings, respect to relations,reverence of Brahmans and Sramans, andmany other duties, do increase, and shall in-crease ; and this moral law of the king Priya-dasi the sons, grandsons, and great-grandsonsof king Priyadasi shall maintain. Let themoral ordinance of king Priyadasi be stable asa mountain for the establishment of duty; forin these actions duty will be followed, as thelaw which directs ceremonial rites is not theobservance of moral duties. It were well forevery ill-conducted person to be attentive to theobject of this injunction. This is the edict(writing) of king Priyadasi. Let not anythought be entertained by the subject-people ofopposing the edict/ This has been caused tobe written by the king Priyadasi, in the twelfthyear of his inauguration."

Prinsep.

" l By the religious ordinance of the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, the non-sacrifice of ani-mals, the non-destruction of living beings, properregard to kindred, respect to Brahmans andSramans, dutiful service to spiritual pastors—through these and many other similar (good acts)doth religious grace abound; and thus, moreover,shall the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi causereligion to flourish, and the same shall the sons,the grandsons, and the great-grandsons of theheaven-beloved king Piyadasi cause to aboundexceedingly.

" { As long as the mountains shall endure, solong in virtue and in strict observances shall thereligion stand fast. And through good acts ofthis nature, that is to say, through these ordi-nances and the strict practice of religion, laxnessof discipline is obviated. Moroever, in this object,it is proper to be intelligent, and no wise neg-lected. For the same purpose is this (edict)ordered to be written. Let all take heed to pro-fit of this good object, and not to give utteranceto objections/

" By the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, afterthe twelfth year of his announcement, is thiscaused to be written/'

Burnouf has also given a full translation of this edict, which I annex.1^

" f Dans le temps passe", pendant de nombreuses centaines d'anne*es, onvit prosperer uniquementle meurtre des etres vivants et la mdchancete h> Fegard des creatures, le manque de respect pourles parents, le manque de respect pour les Bamhanas et les Samanas (les Brahmanes et les c.ra_manas). Aussi, en ce jour, parce que Piyadasi, le Hoi cheri des Devas, pratique la loi, le son de

tambour (a retenti); oui, la voix de la loi (s'est fait entendre) apres que des promenades des charsde parade, des promenades d'ele'phants, des feux d'artifice, ainsi que d'autres representationsdivines ont e e montr^es aux regards du peuple. Ce que depuis bien des centaines d'annees onn'avait pas vu auparavant, on Pa vu prosperer aujourd'hui, par suite de Fordre que donne Piyadasi,le Roi cheri des Devas, de pratiquer la loi. La cessation du meurtre des etres vivants et des actesde m^chancete a Fegard des creatures, le respect pour les parents, Fobeissance aux pere et mere,Fobeissance aux anciens (TAera), voila les vertus, ainsi que d'autres pratiques de la loi de diversesespeces, qui ici sont accrues. Et Piyadasi, le Roi cheVi des Devas, fera croitre encore cette obser-vation de la loi; et les fils, et les petits-fils, et les arriere-petits-fils de Piyadasi, le Roi cheri desDevas, feront croitre cette observation de la loi jusqu'au Kalpa de la destruction. Fermes dans la loidans la morale, ils ordonneront Fobservation de la loi; car c'est la meilleure des actions que d'enjoindre Fobservation de la loi. Cette observation meme de la loi n'existe pas pour celui qui n'a pas

de morale. II est bon que cet objet prospere et ne de'perisse pas : c'est pour cela qu'on a fait e'crirecet edit. Si cet objet s'accroit, on n'en devra jamais voir le deperissement/ Piyadasi, le Roi cherides Devas, a fait ecrire cet edit, la douzieme annee depuis son sacre/'f

• Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi—Appendice, p. 731.t Burnouf s remarks in justification of his own translation and reading of the text are much too long to be quoted here.

See Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 731. He very naturally takes exception to Wilson's explanation of Bahmanasand Samanas as •' Brahmans and (Brahmanical) ascetics," and shows that these two terms are intended to designate two classesof persons, the Brahmans and the Buddhists, in the same way that they are discriminated in the legends of the DivyaAvadana.

120 TRANSLATIONS.

EDICTPrinsep.

" Thus spake the heaven-beloved king Piya-dasi :—

" { Prosperity (cometh) through adversity, andtruly each man (to obtain) prosperity causethhimself present difficulty; therefore by me(nevertheless) has much prosperity been broughtabout, and therefore shall my sons and grand-sons, and my latest posterity, as long as thevery hills endure, pursue the same conduct; andso shall each meet his reward! "While he, onthe other hand, who shall neglect such conductshall meet his punishment in the midst of thewicked (in the nethermost regions of hell).

" ' For a very long period of time there havebeen no ministers of religion appointed, whointermingling among all unbelievers (may over-whelm them) with the inundation of religion,and with the abundance of the sacred doctrines.Through Kam (bocha, Gan) dhara, Nar&stika,"*Petenika, and elsewhere, finding their way untothe uttermost limits of the barbarian countries,

V.Wilson.

" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi,thus proclaims: c Whoever perverts good toevil will derive evil from good; therefore muchgood has been done by me, and my sons andgrandsons, and others my posterity (will) con-form to it for every age. So they who shallenjoy happiness, and those who cause the pathto be abandoned shall suffer misfortune. Thechief ministers of morality have for an unprece-dentedly long time been tolerant of iniquity;therefore in the tenth year of the inaugurationhave ministers of morality been made, who areappointed for the purpose of presiding overmorals among persons of all the religions forthe sake of the augmentation of virtue, andfor the happiness of the virtuous among thepeople of Kamboja, Gandhara, Naristika, andPetenika. They shall also be spread amongthe warriors, the Brahmans, the mendicants,the destitute, and others, without any obstruc-tion, for the happiness of the well-disposed, in

for the benefit and pleasure of (all classes)...... order to loosen the bonds of those who areand for restraining the passions of the faithful,and for the regeneration of those bound in thefetters (of sin) (?) are they appointed. Inter-mingling equally among the dreaded, and amongthe respected both in P&taliputra and in foreignplaces, teaching better things, shall they every-where penetrate; so that they even who (opposethe faith shall at length become) ministers of it/ "•

bound, and liberate those who are confined,through the means of holy wisdom disseminatedby pious teachers ; and they will proceed to theouter cities and fastnesses of my brother andsister, and wherever are any other of mykindred; and the ministers of morals, those whoare appointed as superintendents of morals, shallwherever the moral law is established, giveencouragement to the charitable and those ad-dicted to virtue. With this intent this edictis written, and let my people obey it.' "

EDICTPrinsep.

" Thus spake Piyadasi, the heaven-belovedking :—

" ' Never was there in any former period asystem of instruction applicable to every season,and to every action, such as that which is nowestablished by me.

" c For every season, for behaviour during meals,during repose, in domestic relations, in the nur-sery, in conversation, in general deportment, andon the bed of death—everywhere instructors(or Pativedakas) have been appointed. Accord-ingly do ye (instructors) deliver instruction inwhat concerneth my people.

VI -Wilson. •

" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasithus declares: ' An unprecedentedly long timehas past since it has been the custom at alltimes, and in all affairs, to submit representa-tions. Now, it is established by me that,whether at meals, in my palace, in the interiorapartments, in discourse, in exchange of civility,in gardens, the officers appointed to make reportsshall convey to me the objects of the people.I will always attend to the objects of thepeople; and whatever I declare verbally, whetherpunishment or reward, is further intrusted tothe supervisors of morals (or eminent persons):

* The na belongs to the preceding name Gandharanam, and the word thus becomes Eastika, which is a well-known nameof Sarashtra.

TRANSLATIONS. 121

Prinsep." ' And everywhere in what concerneth my

people do I myself perform whatsoever with mymouth I enjoin (unto them); whether it be byme (esteemed) disagreeable, or whether agreeable.Moreover, for their better welfare, among theman awarder of punishment is duly installed. Onthis account, assembling together those who aredwelling in the reputation of much wisdom, doye, meanwhile, instruct them as to the substanceof what is hereby ordained by me for all circum-stances, and for all seasons. This is not done byme in any desire for the collection of worldlygain, but in the real intention that the benefitof my people shall be effected; whereof, moreover,this is the root, the good foundation, and thesteady repose in all circumstances: there is nota more effectual mode of benefiting all mankindthan this on which I bestow my whole labour.

" * But upon how many living beings (I willpass over the mention of other things) do I conferhappiness here :—hereafter, likewise, let themhope ardently for heaven !—Amen !

" ' For this reason has the present religious edictbeen written. May it endure for evermore, andso may my sons, and my grandsons, and mygreat-grandsons uphold the same for the profitof all the world, and labour therein with themost reverential exertion ! ' "

Wilson.for that purpose let those who reside in theimmediate vicinage even become informers atall times, and in all places, so it is ordained byme. The distribution of wealth which is to bemade is designed by me for the benefit of allthe world; for the distribution of wealth is theroot of virtues to the good of the world, forwhich I am always labouring. On the manybeings over whom I rule I confer happinessin this world;—in the next they may obtainSwarga. With this view, this moral edict hasbeen written. May it long endure, and maymy sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons afterme continue with still greater exertion to labourfor universal good \'"

EDICT VII.

Prinsep,x< The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi everywhere

ardently desireth that all unbelievers may bebrought to repentance and peace of mind. Heis anxious that every diversity of opinion, andevery diversity of passion, may shine forth blendedinto one system, and be conspicuous in undistin-guishing charity. Unto no one can be repentanceand peace of mind until he hath attained supremeknowledge, perfect faith which surmounteth allobstacles, and perpetual assent/'

Wilson." The beloved of the gods, the Raja Priya-

dasi, desires that all unbelievers may every-where dwell (unmolested), as they also wish formoral restraint and purity of disposition. Formen are of various purposes and various desires,and they do injury to all or only to a part.Although, however, there should not be moralrestraint or purity of disposition in any one,yet wherever there is great liberality (or charity),gratitude will acknowledge merit even in those•who were before that reputed vile."

The following is Burnoufs translation of this Edict:—*" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des D6vas, de*sire en tous lieux que les ascetes de toutes les croyances

resident (tranquilles) : ils desirent tous l'empire qu'on exerce sur soi-meme, et la purete* de Tame ;mais le peuple a des opinions diverses et des attachements divers, (et) les ascetes obtienent, soittout, soit une partie seulement (de ce qu'ils demandent). Cependant, pour celui-meme auqueln'arrive pas une large aumone Pempire sur soi-mSme, la purete de Fame, la reconnaissance et unedevotion solide qui dure toujours, cela est bien."

• Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 755.

122 TRANSLATIONS.

EDICTPrinsep.

" In ancient times, festivals for the amuse-ment of sovereigns consisted of gambling, hunt-ing the deer (or antelope), and other exhilaratingpleasures of the same nature. But the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, having attained the tenthyear of his anointment, for the happiness of thewise, hath a festival of religion (been substituted),and this same consists in visits to Brahmans andSramans, and in alms-giving, and in visits tothe reverend and aged; and the liberal distribu-tion of gold, the contemplation of the universeand its inhabitants, obeying the precepts of reli-gion, and setting religion before all other things,are the expedients (he employs for amusement) ;and these will become an enjoyment withoutalloy to the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi

VIII-Wilson,

" In past times kings were addicted to tra-velling about, to companions, to going abroad,to hunting and similar amusements, but Piya-_dasi, the beloved of the gods, having beenten years inaugurated, by him easily awakened,that moral festival is adopted, (which consists)in seeing and bestowing gifts on Brahmansand Sramans; in seeing and giving gold toelders, and overseeing the country and thepeople; the institution of moral laws, and theinvestigation of morals:—such are the devicesfor the removal of apprehension, and such arethe different pursuits of the favourite of thegods, king Piyadasi"

inanother existence."

Bumouf has not given a connected translation of this Edict, but his remarks on its generalscope are of special importance. According to his explanation, Asoka obtained sambodhim, or " lascience complete de la Bodhi/' or, in other words, " la connaissanee de ee qu'enseigne le Buddha/*after he had reigned ten years. He refers to Lassen as evidently holding the same opinion :" Quoique Lassen n'a pas traduit litteralement cette partie de votre inscription, il est facile de voir,par Vusage qu'il en a fait dans ses Antiqtiith Indiennes, qu'il entend comme je propose de le faire."Voici les propres paroles de Lassen: ' C'est seulement la dixi&me annde depuis 'son couronnementqu'il obtint la vue complete/ Evidemment Lassen a lu comme moi samlodhim, ' la vue ou lascience complete/ et compris de meme aySya/'*

EDICTPrinsep.

11 Thus spake king Piyadasi, beloved of the gods :'Each individual seeketh his own happinessin a diversity of ways, in the bonds of affection,in marriage, or otherwise, in the rearing of off-spring, in foreign travel: in these, and othersimilar objects, doth man provide happiness o£every degree. But there is great ruination—excesses of all kiuds when (a man) makethworldly objects his happiness. On the contrary,this is what is to be done,—(for most certainlythat species of happiness is a fruitless happiness—)to obtain the happiness which yieldeth plentifulfruit, even the happiness of virtue; that is tosay: kindness to dependants, reverence to spiri-tual teachers, are proper: humanity to animals isproper:—all these acts, and others of the samekind, are to be rightly denominated the happinessof virtue!

" ' By father and by son, and by brother; bymaster (and by servant) it is proper that these

IX-Wilson.

"The beloved of the gods,Priyadasi 22af a,thussays: " Every man that celebrates variousoccasions of festivity, as on the removal of in-cumbrances, on invitations, on marriages, onthe birth of a son, or on setting forth on ajourney:—on these and other occasions a manmakes various rejoicings. The benevolent manalso celebrates many and various kinds of pureand disinterested festivities;—and such rejoicingis to be practised. Such festivities are fruit-less and vain, but the festivity that bears greatfruit is the festival of duty—such as the respectof the servant to his master: reverence forholy teachers is good; tenderness for livingcreatures is good; liberality to Brahmans andSramans is good. These, and other such acts,constitute verily the festival of duty; and it isto be cherished as father by son, a dependantby his master. This is good, this is the fes-tival to be observed : for the establishment of this

* Burnouf, Le Lotus, Appendice, p. 759, quoting Lassen Ind. Alterthum, II, 227, u. 3.

TRANSLATIONS. 123

Prinsep.things should be entitled happiness, and further,for the more complete attainment of this object,secret charity is most suitable :—yea, there is noalms, and no loving-kindness, comparable withthe alms of religion, and the loving-kindness ofreligion, which ought verily to be upheld alikeby the friend, by the good-hearted, by kinsmanand neighbour, in the entire fulfilment of pleasingduties.

" ' This is what is to be done :—this is what isgood. With those things let each man propitiateheaven. And how much ought (not) to be donein order to the propitiation of heaven ? ' "

Wilson.object virtuous donations are made; for thereis no such donation or benevolence as the giftof duty, or the benevolence of duty : that (bene-volence) is chaff (which is contracted) with afriend, a companion, a kinsman, or an associate,and is to be reprehended. In such and in suchmanner this is to be done. This is good: withthese means let a man seek Swarga. This isto be done: by these means it is to be done, asby them Swarga has been gained. V

EDICT X.Wilson.

" The beloved of the gods, the Prince Priyadasi,does not esteem glory and fame as of greatvalue; and, besides, for a long time it has beenmy fame and that of my people, that the ob-servance of moral duty, and the service of thevirtuous, should be practised : for this is to bedone. This is the fame that the beloved of thegods desires : and inasmuch as the beloved ofthe gods excels, (he holds) all such reputationsas no real reputation, but such as may be thatof the unrighteous—pain and chaff; for it maybe acquired by crafty and unworthy persons;and by whatever further effort it is acquired,it is worthless and a source of pain."

Prinsep," The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi doth not

deem that glory and reputation (are) the things ofchief importance; on the contrary, (only for theprevention of sin,) and for enforcing conformityamong a people praiseworthy for following thefour rules of virtue, and pious, doth the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi desire glory and reputationin this world ; and whatsoever the heaven-belovedking Piyadasi chiefly displayeth heroism in ob-taining, that is all (connected with) the otherworld.

"For in everything connected with his im-mortality, there is, as regards mortal things ingeneral, discredit. Let this be discriminated withencouragement or with abandonment, with honoror with the most respectful force; and every diffi-culty connected with futurity shall, with equalreverence, be vanquished."

Burnouf, after quoting the above translations by Prinsep and Wilson, gives his own translationas follows :*

" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas, ne pense pas que la gloire ni la renommee produisent de grandsavantages, sauf la gloire (qu'il desire) pour lui-meme, savoir que mes peuples pratiquent longtempsl'obeissance a la loi et qu'ils observent la regie de la loi. C'est pour cela seulement que Piyadasi,le roi cheri des Devas, desire gloire et renommee. Car tout ce que Piyadasi, le roi cheri des DeVas,deploie d'heroisme, c'est en vue de Fautre vie. Bien plus, toute gloire ne donne qeu peu de profit;ce qui en resulte, au contraire, c'est ^absence de vertu. Toutefois c'est en effet une chose difficile(que le travailler pour le ciel) pour un homme mediocre comme pour un homme eleve', si ce n'estquand, par une heroisme supreme, on a tout abandonne; mais cela est certainement difficile pour unhomme eleve."

*Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 059

124 TRANSLATIONS.

EDICT XI.Prinsep.

" Thus spake Piyadasi, the king, beloved of thegods :—

" ' There is no such charity as the charity whichspringeth from virtue,-?—(which is) the intimateknowledge of virtue, the inheritance of virtue,the close union with, virtue. And in thesemaxims it is manifested—kindness towards ser-vants and hirelings : towards mother and fatherdutiful service is proper: towards a friend's off-spring, to kindred in general, to Brahmans andSramans almsgiving is proper: avoiding the de-struction of animals' life is proper.

"(And this (saying) should be equally repeatedby father and son, (?) by hireling, and even so byneighbours in general.

" 'This is excellent :—and this is what ought tobe done!

"'And whoso doeth thus is blessed of: the in-habitants of this world: and in the next worldendless moral merit resulteth from such religiouscharity/ »

EDICTPrinsep.

" The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi propitiatethall unbelievers, both of the ascetic and of thedomestic classes : by charitable offerings,, and byevery species of puja doth he (strive to) propi-tiate them. Not that the beloved of the godsdeemeth offerings or prayers to be of the same(value) with true glory. The promotion of hisown salvation promoted, in many ways, the salva-tion of all unbelievers; of which, indeed, this isthe root, and the whole substance.

"Again, the propitiation of the convertedheretic, and the reproof of the unconverted heretic,must not be (effected) by harsh treatment:—butlet those who enter- into discussion (conciliatethem) by restraint of their own passions, andby their mild address. By such and such con-ciliatory demeanours shall even the unconvertedheretics be propitiated. And such conduct in-creaseth the number of converted heretics, whileit disposeth of the unconverted heretic, andeffecteth a revolution of opinion in him. And(he) encourageth the converted heretic, while hedisposeth completely of the unconverted heretic,whosoever propitiateth the converted heretic, orreproveth the unconverted heretic, by the pecu-niary support of the converted heretic. Andwhoso, again, doth so, he purifieth in the most

Wilson." Thus says the beloved of the gods, king

Priyadasi : ' There is no gift like the gift of vir-tue ; whether it be the praise of virtue, the ap-portionment of virtue, or relationship of virtue.This fgift) is, the cherishing of slaves and de-pendants ; pious devotion to mother and father;generous gifts to friends and kinsmen, Brah-mans and Sramans ; and non-injury of livingbeings is good. In this manner, it is to belived by father and son, and brother, and friend,and friend's friend (?), and by a master (ofslaves), and by neighbours. This is good: thisis to be practised; and thus having acted, thereis happiness in worldly existence, and hereaftergreat holiness is obtained by this gift ofvirtue/ "

XII.Wilson.

" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi,honors all forms of religious faith, whetherprofessed by ascetics or householders; hehonors them with gifts and with mainifoldkinds of reverence : but the beloved of the godsconsiders no gift or honour so much as theincrease of the substance (of religion) :—his en-couragement of the increase of the substanceof all religious belief is manifold. But the rootof his (encouragement) is this:—reverence fo rone's own faith, and no reviling nor injury ofthat of others. Let the reverence be shown insuch and such a manner as is suited to the dif-ference of belief; as when it is done in thatmanner, it augments our own faith, and benefitsthat of others. "Whoever acts otherwise injureshis own religion, and wrongs that of others; forhe who in some way honors his own religion,and reviles that of others, saying, having ex-tended to all our 6wn belief, let us make itfamous;—he who does this throws difficulties inthe way of his own religion : this, his conduct,cannot be right. The duty of a person consistsin respect and service of others. Such is thewish of the beloved of the gods; for in allforms of religion there may be many scriptures(Sutras), and many holy texts, which are to be

TBANSLATIONS. 125

Prinsep. Wilson.effectual manner the heretic;—and o£ himself such thereafter followed through my protection,an act is his very breath, and his well-being. The beloved of the gods considers no gift or

" Moreover, < hear ye the religion of the faith- reverence to be equal to the increase of theful, and attend thereto1: even such is the desire, essence of religion : and as this is the objectthe act, the hope of the beloved of the gods, that of all religions,—with a view to its dissemination,all unbelievers may speedily be purified, and superintendents of moral duty, as well as overbrought into contentment speedily. women, and officers of compassion, as well as

" Furthermore, from place to place this most other officers (are appointed); and the fruit ofgracious sentiment should be repeated: ' The this (regulation) will be the augmentation ofbeloved of the gods doth not esteem either our own faith, and the lustre of moral duty."charitable offering or jpuja, as comparable withtrue glory. The increase of blessing to himselfis (of) as much (importance) to all unbelievers/

"For this purpose, have been spread abroadministers of religion, possessing fortitude of mind,and practices of every virtue. May the variouscongregations co-operate (with them) for theaccomplishment therefor! For the increase ofconverts is, indeed, the lustre of religion."

This Edict has been fortunate in attracting the attention of Burnouf, whose translation herefollows :*

" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas, honore tous les croyances, ainsi que les mendiants et lesmaitres de maison, soit par des aum&nes, soit par des diverses marques de respect. Mais le roicheri des Devas honore tous les croyances, ainsi que les mendiants et les maitres de maison, soit pardes aumones, soit par des diverses marques de respect. Mais le roi cheVi des Devas n'estime pasautant les aumones et les marques de respect que Taugmentation de ce qui est l'essence de larenommee. Or, Paugmentation de ce qui est essentiel [en ce genre] pour toutes les croyances, est deplusieurs especes: cepedant le fonds en est pour chacune d'elles la louange en paroles. II y a plus:on doit seulement honorer sa propre croyance, mais non blamer celle des autres : il y aura ainsi peu letort de produit. II y a m&ne telle et telle circonstance ou la croyance des autres doit aussi etre,honoree; en agissant ainsi selon chacun de ces circonstances, on augmente sa propre croyance et onsert celle des autres. Celui qui agit autrement diminue sa propre croyance et fait tort aussi h celledes autres. I/homme, quelqu'il soit, qui honore sa propre croyance et blame celle des autres, le toutpar devotion pour sa croyance, et bien plus, en disant: ' Mettons notre propre croyance en lumifere/L'homme, dis-je, qui agit ainsi, ne fait que nuire plus gravement a sa croyance propre. C'estpourquoi le bon accord seul est bien. II y a plus; que les homines eeoutent et suivent avec soumis-sion chacun la loi les uns des autres; car tel est le de*sir du roi cheri des Devas. II y a plus:puissent [les homines de] toutes les croyances abonder en savoir et prosperer en vertu ! E t ceux quiout f oi a telle et telle religion, doivent repdter ceci: Le roi che*ri des Devas n'estime pas autant lesaumones et les marques de respect que Paugmentation de ce qui est Pessence de la renommee et lamultiplication de toutes les croyances. A cet effet onfc ete e*tablis des grands ministres de la loi etdes grands ministres surveillants des femmes, ainsi que des inspecteurs des lieux secrets, et d'autrescorps d'agents. Et le fruit de cette institution, c'est que ^augmentation des religions ait prompte-ment lieu, ainsi que la mise en lumiere de la loi."

EDICT XIII.Prinsep.

t( Whose equality, and exertion towards thatobject, exceeding activity, judicious conductafterwards in the Kalinga provinces not to beobtained by wealth the decline of religion,

* Le Lotas dc la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 762.

126 TRANSLATIONS.

Prinsep.murder, and death, and unrestrained license ofmankind, when flourished the (precious maxims)of Devanampiyo, comprising the essence of learn-ing and of science t—dutiful service to motherand father; dutiful service to spiritual teachers:the love of friend and child; (charity) to kins-folk, to servants (to Brahmans and Sramans, &c,which) cleanse away the calamities of generations:further also in these things unceasing persever-ance is fame. There is not in either class of theheretics of men, not so to say, a procedure markedby such grace, nor so glorious nor friendly,nor even so extremely liberal as Devanampiyo'sinjunctions for the non-injury, and content ofliving creatures ....and the Greek King be-sides, by whom the Kings of Egypt, Ptolemaiosand Antigonos, (?) and Magas, bothhere and in foreign (countries), everywhere thereligious ordinances of Devanampiyo effect con-version, wherever they go; conquest is ofevery description : but further the conquest whichbringeth joy springing from pleasant emotions,becometh joy itself; the victory of virtue ishappiness : the victory of happiness is not to beovercome, that which essentially possesses a pledgeof happiness, such victory is desired in thingsof this world and things of the next world !

" And this place is named the WHITE ELEPHANT,conferring pleasure on all the world/''*

EDICTPrinsep.

" This religious edict is caused to be written bythe heaven-beloved king Piyadasi. It is (partly)(written) with abridgment; it is (partly) withordinary extent; and it is (partly) with amplifica-tion : not incoherent (or disjointed) but through-out continuous (and united) it is powerful inovercoming the wise; and it is much writtenand caused to be written, yet it is always but thesame thing repeated over and over again.

" For the persuasive eloquence which is lavishedon each separate subject shall man the ratherrender obedience thereunto!

" Furthermore, at one time even unto the con-clusion is this written, incomparable in manner,and conformable with the copy, by Relachepu thescribe and pandit.-"

XIV.Burnouf.

" Ce texte de la loi a e*te crit par Tordre dePiyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas. H se trouvesous une forme abregee, il se trouve sous uneforme de moyenne etendue, il se trouve enfin sousune forme developpee: et cependant le toutn'est certainement pas mutile. Des grandshommes aussi ont fait des conquetes, et ontbeaucoup ecrit; et moi je ferai aussi ecrire ceci.Et s'il y a ici autant de repetitions, c'est k causede la douceur de chacune des pensees qui sontrepdtSes. II y a plus ! puisse le peuple y con-former sa conduite! Tout ce qui peut, enquelques endroits, avoir 6t6 ecrit sans etreacheve, sans ordre, et sans qu'on ait un e*gardau texte qui fait autorit^, tout cela vientunique-ment de la faute de l'ecrivain."

* This last sentence should follow Edict XIV. Professor Kern translates it differently—1' the White Elephant whosname is • Bringer of happiness to the whole world,'" and adds " that by this term Sdkya is implied there can be no doubtsince the legend says that the Bodhisattva, the future Buddha, left heaven to bring happiness to men, and entered his mother'swomb as a "White Elephant." See Indian Antiquary, V, 257, 258.

f As no translation of this Edict has been given by Wilson, it is fortunate that we possess another version from thelearned and careful pen of Burnouf in Le Lotus dc la Bonne Loi, p. 752.

; TRANSLATIONS.

No. 6.

DHAULI AND JAUGADA.

No. 1. SEPARATE EDICT.

Prinsep.Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 442.

" B y command of Devanampiya (the belovedof the gods) ! In (the city of) Tosali, the publicofficers in charge of the town are to be enjoined(as follows) :—

" Whomsoever I ascertain to be a murderer,him do I desire to be imprisoned. This I publiclyproclaim, and I will carry into effect howeverdifficult:—for this my supreme will is irresistible!On this account the present Tope (stupa) is deno-minated the tope of commandment.

" From amongst many thousand souls, oh yemy chosen people! repair ye (hither) to the holymen. Every righteous man is my (true) subject,and for my "subjects I desire this only, thatthey may be possessed of every benefit andhappiness as to things of this world and of theworld beyond and furthermore I desire yedo not purify the wicked until

" In this country and not anywhere else is tobe seen such a stupa (?) in which is providedproper rules of moral conduct.

" When one man relieves (his fellow-creature)from the bondage and misery (of sin), it neces-sarily follows that he himself is released frombondage; but again despairing at the number ofhuman beings in the same state (whom he is un-able to relieve) he is much troubled.

Thence is this stupa so desirable (as an asylum);that in the midst of virtuous regulations we maypursue our obedient course !

And through these classes (of deeds) are peoplerendered disobedient, viz., by enviousness, by the

Burnonf.Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 672-683.

" Au nom du (roi) cheri des Devas, le grandministre de Tosali, gouverneur de la ville, doits'entendre dire: Quoique ce soit que je decrete,je desire qu'il en soit Pexdcuteur. Voila ce queje lui fait connaitre, et je recommence deuxfois, parce que cette repetition est regarded parmoi comme capitale. C'est dans ce dessein quece TiipAa (Siilpa) a ete dresse; ce Stupa decommandement en effet a ete destind aujourd'huia de nombreux milliers d'etres vivants, commeun present et un bouquet de fleurs pour les gensde bien. Tout homme de bien est pour moiun fils. E t pour mes fils, ce que je desire, c'estqu'ils soient en possession de toute especed'avantages, et de plaisirs, tant dans ce mondeque dans l'autre. Ainsi je desire le bonheur dupeuple, et puissiez-vous ne pas e'prouver demalheur, jusqu'a {locum de 10 leltres) un seulhomme pense. En effet, ce SlUpa regard cepays tout entier qui nous est soumis; sur ceSlilpa a dte* promulgude la regie morale. Quesi un homme (4 lettres) est soumis soit a lacaptivitd, soit a de mauvais traitements, ilpartir de ce moment (il sera de'livre') a Pinstantpar lui de cette captivite et des autres (2 lettres)Beaucoup de gens du pays souffrent dans Pes-clavage; c'est pourquoi ce StUpa a du etre ddsire.Puissions-nous, me suis-je dit, (leur) faire obtenirla liqueur enivrante de la morale! Mais lamorale n'est pas respecte'e par ces especes (devices): l'envie, la destruction de la vie, les injures,la violence, ^absence d'occupation, la paresse,

TRANSLATIONS.Burnouf.

Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 442.practice of destroying life, by tyranny, bycruelty, by idleness, by laziness, by waste of time.That morality is to be desired which is based onmy ordinances (?), and in all these the roots (orleading principles) are,—the non-destruction oflife, and the non-infliction of cruelty. May thedesire of such moral guidance endure unto theend of time! and may these (principles) continu-ing to rise (in estimation) ever flourish, and inas-much as this benefit and love should be ever hadin remembrance, my desire is that in this verymanner, these (ordinances) shall be pronouncedaloud by the person appointed to the Stupa; andadverting to nothing else but precisely accordingto the commandment of Devanampiya, let him(further) declare and explain them.

" Much longing after the things of (this life)is a disobedience I again declare: not less so isthe laborious ambition of dominion by a prince,(who would be) a propitiator of heaven. Confessand believe in God, who is the worthy object ofobedience! for equal to this (belief), I declareunto you, ye shall not find such a means of pro-pitiating heaven. Oh strive ye to obtain this in-estimable treasure!

" And this edict is to be read (at the time of)the lunar mansion Tisa, at the end of the monthof Bhatun: it is to be made heard (even if)"by a single (listener). And thus (has beenfounded) the Kalanta stupa for the spiritual in-struction of the congregation. For this reason isthis edict here inscribed, whereby the inhabitantsof the town may be guided in their devotions

.for ages to come—and as of the people insensiblythe divine knowledge and insensibly the (goodworks) increase so the god of passion no longeryieldeth them gratification (?).

"• For this reason also I shall cause to be, everyfive years, a general nikhama, (or act of humilia-tion?) (on which occasions) the slaughter (of noanimal of any kind ?) shall take place. Havinglearnt this object, it shall be so carried into effectaccording to my commandment.

'e And the young prince of Ujein, for the samepurpose, shall cause a religious observance of theself-same custom: and he shall not allow anytransgression of this custom for the space ofthree years—so that when func-tionaries have admitted to initiation the penitent,then should any not leave off his (evil) practices—if even there be hundreds (in the same predica-ment) it shall be certainly done unto him accord-ing) to the commandment of the raja.

Prinsep.Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 672-683.

la faine*antise. La gloire qui doit etre ddsiree,est que ces (3 lettres) puissent exister pour moi.Or elles ont toutes pour fondement l'absence demeurtre, et Fabsence de violence. Que celuiqui, desirant suivre la regie, serait dans la crainte,sorte de sa profonde detresse et prosp&re; 1'utileet Tagr&ible sont les seules choses qui doiventetre obtenues. Aussi est-ce \h ce qui doit &treproclame par le gardien du Si-tipa qui ne re-gardera rien autre chose {on Men, aussi cet edita du etre exprime au moyen du Prdkrita et nondans un autre idiome). Et ainsi le veut ici lecommandement du roi ch^ri des Devas. J'enconfie Fexecution au grand ministre. Avec degrands desseins, jefais executer ce qui n'a pas etemis k execution;. non en effet, cela n'est pas.L'acquisition du ciel, voila en realite ce qu'ilest difficile d'obtenir, mais non ^acquisition de laroyaute. J'honore extremement les Richessesaussi accomplis, mais (je dis) : Vous n'obtien-drez pas ainsi le ciel. Efforcez-vous d'acquerirce tresor sans prix.

" E t cet e*dit doit etre entendu an Nakhata Tisa(Nakchatra Tiehya) et a la fin du mois Tisa(4 lettres) au Nalchata, merne par une seulepersonne il doit etre entendu. E t c'est ainsique ce SiHpa doit etre honore jusqu'a la fin destemps pour le bien de FAssemblee.

" C'est pour cela que cet e"dit a 6ti ecrit iciafin que les gouverneurs de la ville s'appliquentcontinuellement (5 lettres) pour le peuple uneinstruction instantanee, instantand aussi * * *comblant les de'sirs pour nous * * voila..

tc Et pour cela, tous les cinq ans je f erai execu-ter (la confession) par les ministres de la loi celuiqui dissimulant ses pe*ches (2 lettres) celui Ik seraimpuissant dans son effort.

"Ayant connu cet objet * * * cartel est mon commandement. Et le Prince Eoyald'Udjdjayini devra aussi a cause de celaexe*cuter {4 lettres) une ceremonie parelle: etil ne devra pas laisser, passer plus de trois ans ;et de meme ainsi a Takhasila {Takchagila)meme. Quand (4 lettres) les grands ministres

. executeront la ceremonie de la confession, alors,sans faire abandonner son metier k aucun desgens du peuple, ils le feront pratiquer au con-traire par chacun. C'est la Tordre du roi."

TRANSLATIONS. 129

No. 7.

DHAULI AND JAUGADA.No. II. SEPARATE EDICT.

Prinsep.

Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 446.

" By command of Devanampiya! I t shall besignified to the prince and the great officers inthe city of Tosale-

"Whomsoever I ascertain to beand this my supreme will is irresistible !

On this account is the present Stupa

and for my loving subjects do I ardently desireto this effect:—that they may be filled with everyspecies o£ blessing and happiness both as to thethings of this world and the world beyond!

maybeof countless things as yet unknown

I ardently desirethey may partake! Thus hath said Devanampiya

may repose....and take pleasure, while the removal of

affliction is in like manner the chief consequenceof true devotion. (?) Devanampiya hath alsosaid;—fame (consisteth in) this act, to meditatewith devotion on my motives, and on my deeds(of virtue) and to pray for blessings in thisworld and the world to come. For this purposedo I appoint another (?) Stupa by the which Icause to be respected that which is (above) direct-ed and proclaimed and my promise is imperish-able ! However bitter (or hard) it shall becarried into effect by me, and consolation (willaccrue to him who obeys ?) by which is exceedingvirtue—so be it."

" Like as love itself, so is Devanampiya worthyof respect! and as the soul itself so is the unre-laxing guidance of Devanampiya worthy ofrespect! and according (to the conduct of) thesubject, so is the compassion of Devanampiya:wherefore I myself, to accomplish his commands,will become the slave and hireling of Devanam-piya. For this reason the DubaUhi Tupha (isinstituted) for undisturbed meditation, and for

Burnouf.Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 693-707.

" Au nom du (roi) cheri des Devas, le princeroyal et le grand ministre de Tosali, gouverneurde la ville, doit s'entendre dire." p. 693.

" Ainsi je desire qu'ils puissent ne pas eprou-ver de terreur." p . 695.

" Qu'ils ecoutent, voila, et qu'ils se consolent,qu'ils obtiennent aussi du bonheur." p. 695.

Le roi cheri des Devas a dit."

" Qu'ils obtiennent le bonheur en ce mondeet dans l'autre." p. 696.

"C'est dans ce dessein que je commande,le Sf/Apa exprime mes ordres." p. 696.

" Consequemment je proclame et ce qui estordonne, et toute autre chose que ccla dont ila ete donne connaissance." p. 697.

" E t la promesse de moi, imperissable elle(est)." ' p. 698.

" Aussi une ceuvre difficile doit-elle etreaccomplic ? " p. 698.

" Comme un ami, ainsi est Devanampiya cer-tainement."

(ou)" Comme un pere, ainsi est Devanampiya."*

p. 698.

" Et comme un enfant, ainsi moi (qui parle)je dois etre chatie par Devanampiya."

p. 700.

* Burnouf adopted this alternative reading of pita " fa ther" from Kittoe's copj, in preference to Prinsep's reading ofpxye. AB the Jaugada text has pita, there can be no hesitation in adopting his correction.

130 TRANSLATIONS.

Vrinsep.Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 446.

(securing every) blessing and happiness as to theconcerns of this world and the world beyond !and thus to the end of time (is this) Twpha forthe propitiation of heaven."

" Accordingly strive ye to accomplish each andall of my desires. For this object is this edicthere inscribed, whereby (the spot) shall be causedby me to receive the name of mahdmatd swasa-tam, or (place of meditation of the officers). Letit so remain for a prepetual endowment by meand for the furtherance of religion.

" And this edict shall be read aloud in the courseof the month of BMtun (Bhadun?) (when themoon is) in the nakhatra (or lunar mansion) ofTisa:—and, as most desirable, also it shall berepeatedly read aloud in the last month of theyear, in the lunar mansion Tisa, even if oneperson be present; thus to the end of time toafford instruction to the congregation of theTupha."

Burnouf.Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 693-707.

" Je serai Pesclave et la serviteur a gages deDevanampiya." p. 700.

"C'est pourquoi le St'Apa {Le Dubalahi)pour la consolation ainsi que pour Pavantage,et le bonheur a ete, tant dans ce monde que dansPautre." p. 702.

" E t ainsi jusqu'a la fin des temps le SiHpafera obtenir le ciel." p. 704.

" Et cet edit a ete inscrit ici dans ce desseinDceme que les grands ministres s'appliquent a laconsolation (du peuple), et a la pratique de la loi."

p. 704.

" E t cet edit doit etre entendu tous lesquatres mois, au NaJchata Tisa (NakchatraTichya)." p- 705.

" Et meme dans Pintervalle, a, tel momentque cela sera desire, Pedit pourra etre lu par unseul Tissa." P- ™6-

" C'est ainsi qu' on doit pourvoir a ce que leSttipa soit honorer jusqu'a la fin des temps."

p. 707.

No. 8.

EOCK AT SAHASAEAM.Translation by D R . Gr. BUHLER.

See Indian Antiquary, 1877, page 156.

"' The beloved of the gods speaketh thus: [It is more than thirty-two'] years [and a half] thatI am a worshipper [of Buddha], and I have not exerted myself strenuously. [It is] a year andmore [that I have exterted myself strenuously]. During this interval those gods that were [held to be]true gods in Jambudripa have been made [to be regarded as] men* and false. For through strenu-ous exertion comes this reward, and it ought not to be said to be an effect of [my] greatness—Foreven a small man who exerts himself can gain for himself great rewards in heaven. Just for thispurpose a sermon has been preached.

" ' B o t h small ones and great ones should exert themselves, and in the end they should alsoobtain [true] knowledge. And this spiritual good will increase; it will even increase exceedingly;it will increase one [size] and a half, at least one [size] and a half/ And this sermon [is] by theDEPARTED. Two-hundred [years] exceeded by fifty-six, 256, have passed since; and I have causedthis matter te be incised on the hills; or where those stone pillars are, there too I have caused it tobe incised."

* This phrase probably alludes to the Buddhist belief that the Devas also have shorter or longer terms of existence.

TRANSLATIONS. 131

No. 9.

ROCK AT RUPNATH.; Translation by D B . G BUHLER.

See Indian Antiquary, 1877, page 156.

" The beloved of the gods speaketh thus: [It is] more than thirty-two years and a half that Iam a hearer [of the law"], and I did not exert myself strenuously. But it is a year and more thatI have entered the community [of ascetics'], and that I have exerted myself strenuously. Thosegods who during this time were considered to be true [gods] in Jambudvipa have now been abjured.For through exertion [comes] this reward, and it cannot be obtained by greatness. For a small[man], who exerts himself somewhat can gain for himself great heavenly bliss. And for this pur-pose, this sermon has been preached: ' Both great ones and small ones should exert themselves, andshould in the end gain [true] knowledge, and this manner [of acting] should be what ? Of longduration. For this spiritual good will grow the growth, and will grow exceedingly, at the least itwill grow one [size] and a half/ And this matter has been caused to be written on the hills;[where] a stone pillar is, [there] it has been written on a stone pillar. And as often as [man brings]to this writing ripe thought, [so often] will he rejoice, learning to subdue his senses.* Thissermon has been preached by the DEPARTED. 256 [years have elapsed] since the departure of theTEACHER."

"

No. 10.

SECOND BAIRAT ROCK.

TRANSLATIONS.

JBurnouf. Wilson.

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 725. Journal of the Koyal Asiatic Society, XVI, 366.

Leroi Piyadasa, k F Assemble du Magadha "Priyadasi, the King to the venerable assemblyqu'il fait saluer, a souhait^ et peu de peines et une of Magadha, commands the infliction of littleexistence agreable. pain, and indulgence to animals.

" II est bien connu, seigneurs, jusqu'ou vont " I* is verily known, I proclaim, to what ex-et mon respect et ma foi pour le Buddha, pour la tent my respect and favour (are placed) inLoi, pour l'Assemblee. Buddha, in the law, and in the assembly.

" Tout ce qui, seigneurs, a dte dit par le bien- " Whatsoever (words) have been spoken byheureux Buddha, tout cela seulement est bien the divine Buddha, they have all been well said,dit. II faut done montrer, seigneurs, quelles and in them verily I declare that capability of(en) sont les autorites; de cette maniere, la bonne proof is to be discerned—so that the pure lawloi sera de longue duree; voila ce que moi je crois (which they teach) will be of long duration, asnecessaire. far as I am worthy (of being obeyed).

" En attendant, voici, seigneurs, les sujets qu* " For these I declare are the precepts of theembrasse la loi; les homes marquees par le Vinaya law of the principal discipline (Vinaya) having(ou la discipline), les faculte's surnaturelles des overcome the oppressions of the Aryas, andAriyas, les dangers de l'avenir, les stances du future perils, (and refuted) the songs of thesolitaire, le Suta (le Sutra) du solitaire, la specu- Munis, the Sutras of the Munis, (the practices)

* The original has a double meaning. The other meaning is " And as often as [a man seasons Ms"] boiled rice with thiscondiment he will be satisfied, falling into a state of Samvara, i.e., that state of intense satisfaction and repletion, in whichhe closes his eyes from pleasure, and .suspends the activity of the senses generally."

132 TRANSLATIONS.

Prinsep. .. Wilson.Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 725. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, XVI, 366.

lation d'Upatissa (Cariputra) seuleinent, Fin- of inferior ascetics, the censure of a light world,struction de Laghula (Rahula), en rejetant les and (all) false doctrines,doctrines fausses. " These things, as declared by the divine

" (Voila) ce qui a 6te dit par le bienheureux Buddha, I proclaim, and I desire them to be re-Buddha. Ces sujets qu'embrasse la loi, seigneurs, garded as the precepts of the law.je de*sire, et c'est la gloire a laquelle je tiens le " And that as many as there may be, male andplus, que les Religieux et les Religieuses les female mendicants, may hear and observe them,^coutent et les meditent constamment, aussi bien constantly, as well also as male and female fol-que les fideles des deux sexes. lowers (of the laity).

" C'est pour cela, seigneurs, que je (vous) fais " These things I affirm, and have caused thisecrire ceci: telle est ma volonte* et ma declara- to be written (to make known to you) that suchtion/" will be my intention."

The following improved translation of this important inscription has lately appeared in the IndianAntiquary, Vol. V, p. 257, from the very competent pen of Professor Kern :—

" King Priyadarsin (that is, the Humane) of Magadha greets the Assembly (of Clerics)* andwishes them welfare and happiness. Ye know, Sirs, how great is our reverence and affection forthe Triad, which is called Buddha (the Master), Faith, and Assembly. All that ou r Lord Buddha hasspoken, my Lords, is well spoken ; wherefore, Sirs, it must indeed be regarded as having indisputableauthority; so the true faith shall last long. Thus, my Lords, I honour (?) in the first place thesereligious works:—Summary of the Discipline, The Supernatural Powers of the Master, (or of theMasters), The Terrors of the Future, The Song of the Hermit, The Sutra on Asceticism, The Questionof Upatishya, and The Admonition to Rdhula concerning Falsehood, uttered by our Lord Buddha.These religious works, Sirs, I will that the Monks and Nuns, for the advancement of their goodname, shall uninterruptedly study and remember, as also the laics of the male and female sex. Forthis end, my Lords, I cause this to be written, and have made my wish evident/'

-No. 10. .

KHANDAGIRI E0CK.TRANSLATIONS.

LINE 1.—" Salutation (or glory) to the arhantas, glory to all the saints; (or those who have attainedfinal emancipation).

" By Aira, the great king, borne on this mighty cloud-chariot,—rich in possession of thepurest wealth of heart and desire,—of exceeding personal beauty,—having an armyof undaunted courage.

" By him (was made) the excavation of the 83 rocky peaks of Kalingadwipa" (or) " byhim, the king of Kalinga, was this rock excavation (made) "

LINE 2.—" [By him] possessed of a comely form at the age of 15 years,—then joining in youthfulsports,—afterwards for nine years engaged in mastering the arts of reading and writingarithmetic, navigation, commerce, and law;—and resplendant in all knowledge,—(theformer Raja being then in his 85th year), thus, at the age of 24, full of wisdom anduprightness, and on the verge of manhood, (lit. the remainder of.youth) [throughhim] does a third victory in the battle of the city of the Kalinga royal familysanctify the accession (anointment) of the maharaja.

LINE 3.—"Upon his accession, choosing the Brahmanical faith he causes to be repaired the city-walls and houses [that had been] destroyed by a storm.

* Or, " greets the Assembly of Magadha."t Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1080.

TRANSLATIONSOF

CAVE INSCRIPTIONS.

BARABAR OAVES.No. 1.

Bumouf. A. €.

" Par le roi Piyadasi, la douzieme annee de son " By the King Piyadasi, in the 12 th year ofsacre, cette caverne du Nig oka (le figuier Indien) his inauguration, this cave of the Nyagrodhaa ete donnee (le reste manque)." Tree (the banian) has been given to the men-

dicants."

As Bumouf found Kittoe's copy of this inscription incomplete, he left his translation as above.But as I have been able to complete the text by the addition of the words [di)nd adivikemhi, I haveadded the translation of the same phrase " aux mendiants," as given by Burnouf in another place.*

No. 2.Burnouf. A. C.

" Par le roi Piyadasi, la douzieme annee de son " By the King Piyadasi, in the 12th year ofsacre, cette grotte dans la montagne Khalatika a his inauguration, this cave in the Khalatikaete donnee par les mendiants." hills has been given to the mendicants."

Burnouf has an interesting note on the name of Khalatika, which he ingeniously identifies witlithe Sanskrit skhalatika, " slippery "f In my descriptive account of these caves in the early part ofthis volume I have suggested that this name may be connected with Thsang's Kie-lan-to, and withthe Kallatii or Kalantii Indians of Herodotus and Hekatseus.

No. 3.Burnouf, A. C.

" Le Roi Piyadasi * la dix-neuvieme annee " The King Piyadasi, in the 19th year afterdepuis son sacre * * * cette caverne" * * his inauguration * * this cavern * * in

the Khalanti hill" * *

Burnouf felt unable to suggest even a conjectural reading for the imperfect portion of this in-scription.:}: I have recovered the words Khalati or Khalanti pavata, but I can make nothing of theremaining portion.

O A V E S .

No. 4.Prinsejp. Burnouf.

" The Brahman girl's cave, excavated by the " La caverne des Tisserands a €te destinee parhands of the most devoted sect of Bauddha le roi Dasalatha, le bien aime des D&vas, aussi-ascetics for the purpose of a secluded residence, tot apres sa consecration au trdne, a dtre un lieu

* Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 779-780.t Le Lotus, Appendice, 779.X Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 780.

134 TRANSLATIONS.

" For the poor (or ascetics) of Kalinga a reservoir of cool water and a ghat (?), alsopresents of every necessaiy and equipages he makes permanent endowment of/'

LINE 4.—"With 83,000panas* he gains the affection of his people, and in a second house [which]tlie architect lias prepared on tlie western side (for) horses, elephants, men, carriages,a number of chambers he caused to be established (or he transferred them thither)for those coming from Kansa forest to see; the balcony * * * of the

LINE 5.— inhabitants of S&kanagara; he, inclining to virtue, skilled in the science of music,causing to be sounded the dampana and the tabhata (drums ?) with beautiful andmerry dancing girls causes diversions.

" In like manner turning his mind to law, in an establishment of learned 'men, he [ calledtogether ] the Buddhist priests of Eastern Kalinga, who were settled there under the -ancient kings."

LINE 6.—* * "act of devotion * * jewel * * all equipages * ** he gives to god."

" Afterwards inclining to charity, the hundred houses (?) of Nanda Raja destroyed, fand himself expelled; all that was in the city of Vajapanddi'3 [ here we may fill up" he converted the plunder to the charitable purposes alluded to," and this sense isborne out by the beginning of the following or 7th line ] .

LINE 7.—" He munificently distributes in charity many hundred thousands [panas~\—the townterritory." £ * * *

LINE 8.—" [To] the prince who caused [its] destruction, he ordains the pain of the cavern [imprisonsin one of the caves?]—and causes the murderer to labour by a generous requital* * seated on the hill * * * and lavishes bland speeches and obedience."

LINE 9.—" Apes, bulls, horses, elephants, buffaloes (?) and all requisites for the furniture of thehouse;—to induce the practice of rejecting improper persons, he further bestowed(or appointed) attendants of the baiman caste (Brahman ?).

[From this point the commencement of each line is lost.]LINE 10.—"rdja causes to be made the palace (or fort) of 15 victories"LINE 11.—" finding no glory in the country which had been the seat of the ancient princes,—a city

abounding in envy and hypocrisy,—and reflecting in the year 1300"—[a breakfollows and leaves us in the dark as to what era (if any) is here alluded to ] * * *falling of heavenly form * * * twelve * * * §.

LINE 12.—1| * * * * * * * * 'LINE 13.—" He distributes much gold at Benares * * * * he gives as charity innumerable

and most precious jewels."LINE 14.—" In the year 1300 married with the daughter of the so-called conqueror of the mountains

(a hill raja), [the rest is obscure, butseemingly declaratory of some presents to priests].LINE 15.—(Few words intelligible.)LINE 16.—" He causes to be constructed subterranean chambers, caves containing a chetiya temple

and pillars." * * * *LINE 17.—"For whom the happy heretics continually pray * * slayer, having a lakh of

equipages * * the fearless sovereign of many hills, by the sun (cherished, or somesuch epithet) the great conqueror Raja Khdravela Sanda (or "the king of the Oceanshore," reading Khdravelasya, and supposing the two final strokes not to be letters)."

I read the last name as Kharnvela Sri, and just preceding it there seems to be a cluster ofgeographical names, ending with " all the rajas of the hill districts," pavata-chaho rdja savam.

* There is no word for 83 in the original, Prinsep having got two letters too many in the term pannatisidhi, which hereads pannatasirasihi. Apparently the sum is 100,000, satasahasehi according to Prinsep's own reading of the followingword.

t Here Prinsep reads porajanapadam, which may be correct, but the initial letter in the photograph looks like O» .X Here my corrector reading of the text will necessitate a fresh translation, which will considerably alter the meaning.§ At the end of this line where Prinsep reads Siripithi rdjdno I read utara-patha-rajdno, or " the king of the northern

region," an expression which recalls the Dakshinapatha or southern region of Samudra Gupta's inscription.|| Prinsep has not attempted to read any portion of this line, but I observe the name of Nanda Raja, and I think also

that of Hagadha vasasa.

TRANSLATIONS. 135

Prinsep. Biirnouf.was appointed their habitation in perpetuity by ^habitation pour les respectables mendiants*Dasaratha, the beloved of the gods, immediately tant que dureront le soleil et la lune/'fon his ascending the throne/'*

This cave, as well as the two next mentioned, were excavated by King Dasaratha, the grandsonof Asoka, in the first year of his reign, B. C. 215, as a residence for Bhadantas. I have formerlysuggested that the term Vapiyaka, which is the name of the cave, was derived from Vdpi, a well orreservoir, and that the cave was so called because there is a fine large well immediately in front ofit. The well is 9 feet in diameter and 23 feet deep.J

No. 5.Prinsep. Burnouf.

" The Milkmaid's cave, excavated by the hands " La caverne de la Berglre a ete destinee parof the most devoted sect of Bauddha ascetics for le Dasalatha, le bien-aime des Devas, aussi-the purpose of a secluded residence, was appointed tot apres sa consecration au trone, a etre untheir habitation in perpetuity by Dasaratha, the lieu d'habitation pour les respectables mendi-beloved of the gods, immediately on his ascending ants, tant que dureront le soleil et la lune."(|the throne/'§

Burnouf suggests that these caves probably existed before the time of Dasaratha as naturalcaverns, and were already known as the " Milkmaid's cave/' &c. This explanation seems a verynatural one, but I do not think that it can be true, as all these caves have been hewn out of solidmasses of rock, where the outer face presents a clean and unfissured front. Apparently Burnouf wasnot quite satisfied with the translation of Gopika KuMd as " la caverne de la Berg&re," for he givesthe alternative version of " la caverne des Bergers/" by making gopika an adjective agreeingwith kubha.

No. 6Prinsep. Burnouf.

Prinsep has not proposed any rendering of the " La caverne de celui qui a cru en richesses aword Vadathika, which forms the name of the ete destinee par le roi Dasalatha/' &c, as incave. Nos. 4 and ffc%

In this translation Burnouf has taken vadathika as the equivalent of the Sanskrit vriddhartha," celui qui a fait croitre ses richesses."

TJDAYAG-mi-No. 1.—The Snake Cave.

{l The impregnable (or unequalled) Chamber ofChulakarma" * * continued in—

No. 2. -77« Snake Cave." and the appropriate temple (or palace) of Karma"* (Rishi ?)

No. 3.—The Tiger Cave.

" Excavated by Ugra Aveda (the antivedist ?) " The cave of Sabhidi of Ugara Akhada/'ffthe Sasuvin."

* Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 678.t Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 775.X Archaeological Survey of India, I, 49.

§ Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 678.|| Le Lotug de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 775-776.•5F Ditto ditto, 778.

** These translations are taken from the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1073, 1074.f t My reading of the text of this inscription is taken from a photographic picture of a cast made by Mr. H. H. Locke..

136 TEANSLATIONS.

Prinsejp.

No. 4.—Nameless Cave.

The excavation of Yan&kiya for *

No. 5.—The JPaiuan Cave.

(Similar to No. 1.)

No. 6.—Manikpura Cave.

" The excavation of the mighty (or of Vira) " Cave of Aira Maharaja, lord of Kalinga, thesovereign, the lord of Kalinga, &c, * * * of great cloud-borne" * * *Kadepa (?) the worshipper of the Sun."

No. 7.—Manikpura Cave.

" The excavation of the Prince VattaJca," " Cave of Prince Vaddaka."

As this last record is placed over a small door of the same cave in which No. 6 is found, itwould seem that Prince Vaddaka must have been a son of Raja Aira.

No. 8.—The VaiJcanta Cave.

Prinsep."Excavation of the Bajas of Kalinga enjoying "Cave made-by * * * Raja Lal&ka for

the favour of the Arhantas" (Buddhist Saints) the benefit (or use) of the Arhantas" and(the rest is too much mutilated to be read with Sramanas of Kalinga, &c, * "any degree of confidence).

TRANSLATIONS.

PIILAE INSCRIPTIONS.See Journal of Bengal Asiatic Society, Vol. VI, p. 581, by Prinsep.

DELHI PILLAR—NORTH SIDE.

EDICT I.

Prinsep.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment, Inave caused this religious edict to be published in writing. I acknowledge and confess the faultsthat have been cherished in my heart. From the love of virtue, by the side of which all otherthings are as sins, from the strict scrutiny of sin. and from fervent desire to be told of sin, bythe fear of sin and by very enormity of sin;—by these may my eyes be strengthened and confirmed(in rectitude).

" ' The sight of religion, and the love of religion, of their own accord increase and will everincrease: and my people, whether of the laity {grihist) or of the priesthood (ascetics), all mortalbeings, are knit together thereby, and prescribe to themselves the same path: and, above all,having obtained the mastery over their passions, they become supremely wise. For this is indeedtrue wisdom: it is upheld and bound by (it consists in) religion; by religion which cherishes,religion which teaches pious acts, religion that bestows (the only true) pleasure."

EDICT II.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—'In religion is the chief excellence; but religionconsists in good works: in the non-omission of many acts:—mercy and charity, purity andchastity;—(these are) to me the anointment of consecration. Towards the poor and the. afflicted,towards bipeds and quadrupeds, towards the fowls of the air and things that move in thewaters, manifold have been the benevolent acts performed by me. Out of consideration for thingsinanimate even many other excellent things have been done by me/ To this purpose is the presentedict promulgated; let all pay attention to it (or take cognizance thereof), and let it endure forages to come:—and he who acts in conformity thereto, the same shall attain eternal happiness,(or shall be united with Sugato)/ "*

EDICT III." Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' Whatever appeareth to me to be virtuous and

good, that is so held to be good and virtuous by me, and not the less if it have evil tendency, is itaccounted for evil by me or is it named among the asinave (the nine offences ?). "Eyes are given(to man) to distinguish between the two qualities (between right and wrong) : according to thecapacity of the eyes so may they behold.

" ' The following are accounted among the nine minor transgressions :—mischief, hard-hearted-ness, anger, pride, envy. These evil deeds of nine kinds, shall on no account be mentioned. Theyshould be regarded as opposite (or prohibited). Let this (ordinance) be impressed on my heart:let it be cherished with all my soul/ "f

• Baraouf has criticised this translation in Le Lotas de la Bonne Loi, p. 667.f The translation of this Edict has been criticised by Burnouf in Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 669.

138 TRANSLATIONS.

. E D I C T IV.WEST SIDE.

" Thus spake king Piyadasi, beloved of the gods :—f In the twenty-seventh year of my anoint-ment, I have caused to be promulgated the following religious edict. My devotees, in very manyhundred thousand souls, having (now) attained unto knowledge, I have ordained (the following)fines and punishments for their transgressions. Wherever devotees shall abide around (or circum-ambulate) the holy fig-tree for the performance of pious duties, the benefit and pleasure of thecountry and its inhabitants shall be (in making) offerings: and according to their generosity orotherwise shall they enjoy prosperity or adversity : and they shall give thanks for the coming ofthe faith. Whatever villages with their inhabitants may be given or maintained for the sake ofthe worship, the devotees shall receive the same, and for an example unto my people they shallfollow after (or exercise solitary) austerities. And likewise, whatever blessings they shall pro-nounce, by these shall my devotees accumulate for the worship (?). Furthermore, the people shallattend in the night the great myrobalan-tree and the holy fig-tree. My people shall foster(accumulate) the great myrobalan. Pleasure is to be eschewed, as intoxication (?).

" { My devotees doing thus for the profit and pleasure of the village, whereby they (coming)around the beauteous and holy fig-tree may cheerfully abide in the performance of pious actsIn this also are fines and punishments for the transgressions of my devotees appointed. Muchto be desired is such renown ! According to the measure of the offence (the destruction of vit/aor happiness ?) shall be the measure of the punishment, but (the offender) shall not be put to deathby me. Banishment (shall be) the punishment of those malefactors deserving of imprisonmentand execution. Of those who commit murder on the high road (dacoits ?) even none, whether ofthe poor or of the rich, shall be injured (tortured) on my three especial days (?). Those guilty ofcruelly beating or slaughtering living things, having escaped mutilation (through my clemency),shall give alms (as a deodand) and shall also undergo the penance of fasting. And thus it is mydesire that the protection of even the workers of opposition shall tend to (the support of) theworship; and (on the other hand) the people, whose righteousness increases in every respect, shall spon-taneously partake of my benevolence/ "

E D I C T V.SOUTH SIDE.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—'In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment thefollowing animals shall not be put to death : the parrot, the maina (or thrush), the wild duck ofthe wilderness, the goose, the bull-faced owl, the vulture, the bat, the ambaka-pillika, the raven?and the common crow, the vhdaveyaka, the adjutant, the sankujamava, the kqpAatasayaka, the-panasasesimala, the sandaka, the okapada, those that go in pairs, the white dove, and the domesticpigeon. Among all fonr-footed beasts the following shall not be for food, they shall not be eaten :the she-goat of various kinds, and the sheep, and the sow, either when heavy with young or whengiving milk. Unkilled birds of every sort for the desire of their flesh shall not be put to death.The same being alive shall not be injured: whether because of their uselessness or for the sakeof amusement they shall not be injured. Animals that prey on life shall not be cherished. Inthe three four-monthly periods (of the year) on the evening of the full' moon, during the three^holy) days, namely, the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the first day after conjunction, in the midstof the uposatha ceremonies (or strict fasts), unkilled things (or live fish ?) shall not be exposed forsale. Yea, on these days, neither the snake tribe, nor the feeders on fish (alligators), nor any livingbeings whatsoever shall be put to death.

" ' On the eighth day of the paksha for half month) on the fourteenth, on the fifteenth, on (theqays when the moon is in the mansions of) trisha or punarvasa,—on these several days in the threefour-monthly periods, the ox shall not be tended : the goat, the sheep, and the pig, if indeed anybe tended (for domestic use) shall not then fee tended. On the trisha and the punarvasa of everyfour months, and of every paksha or semilunation of the four months, it is forbidden to keep (forlabour) either the horse or the ox.

" ' Furthermore, in the twenty-seventh year of my reign, at this present time, twenty-fiveprisoners are set at liberty/ "

TRANSLATIONS. 139

E D I C T VI.EAST SIDE.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' In the twelfth year of my anointment, a religiousedict (was) published for the pleasure and profit of the world; having destroyed that (document)and regarding my former religion as sin, I now for the benefit of the world proclaim the factAnd this (among my nobles, among my near relations, and among my dependants, whatsoeverpleasures I may thus abandon), I therefore cause to be destroyed; and I proclaim the same in all thecongregations; while I pray with every variety of prayer for those who differ from me in creedthat they following after my proper example may with me attain unto eternal salvation: wherefore

the present edict of religion is promulgated in this twenty-seventh year of my anointment/ "

EDICT VII." Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—(Kings of the olden time have gone to heaven under

these very desires. How then among mankind may religion (or growth in grace) be increased?Yea, through the conversion of the humbly-born shall religion increase/ "

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' The present moment and the past have departedunder the same ardent hopes. How by the conversion of the royal-born may religion be increased ?Through the conversion of the lowly-born if religion thus increaseth, by how much (more) throughthe conviction of the high-born, and their conversion, shall religion increase ? Among who msoever

the name of God resteth (?) verily this is religion (or verily virtue shall there increase) / "" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—Wherefore from this very hour I have caused reli-

gious discourses to be preached; I have appointed religious observances that mankind having listenedthereto shall be brought to follow in the right path and give glory unto God'-"(Agni ?)

EDICT VIII-" Moreover, along with the increase of religion, opposition will increase: for which reason I have

appointed sermons to be preached, and I have established ordinances of every kind ; through theefficacy of which the misguided, having acquired true knowledge, shall proclaim it on all sides (?) andshall become active in upholding its duties. The disciples, too, flocking in vast multitudes (manyhundred thousand souls). Let these likewise receive my command, ' In such wise do ye, too, addresson all sides (or address comfortably ?) the people united in religion/ "

" King Devanampiya Piyadasi thus spake :—' Thus among the present generation have Iendowed establishments, appointed men very wise in the faith, and done ...for the faith/ *'

" King Devanampiya Piyadasi again spake as follows:—e Along the high roads I have causedfig-trees to be planted, that they may be for shade to animals and men; I have (also) planted mangotrees : and at every half coss I have caused wells to be constructed, and (resting p aces ?) for nightsto be erected. And how many taverns (or serais) have been erected by me at various places for the•entertainment of man and beast! So that as the people, finding the road to every species ofpleasure and convenience in these places of entertainment, these new towns, (vayapuri ?) rejoicethunder my rule, so let them thoroughly appreciate and follow after the same (system of benevolence).This is my object, and thus I have done/ "

"Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' Let the priests deeply versed in the faith (or letmy doctrines ?) penetrate among the multitudes of the rich capable of granting favors, and let thempenetrate alike among all the unbelievers, whether of ascetics or of householders, and let them,penetrate into the assemblies (?) for my sake. Moreover, let them for my sake find their way amongthe Brahmans and the most destitute; and among those who have abandoned domestic life, for mysake let them penetrate; and among various unbelievers for my sake let them find their way :—yeause your utmost endeavours among these several classes, that the wise men, these men learned in thereligion (or these doctrines of my religion) may penetrate among these respectively, as well asamong all other unbelievers/ "

140 TRANSLATIONS.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' And let these (priests) and others the most skilfulin the sacred offices penetrating among the charitably disposed of my queens and among all mysecluded women discreetly and respectfully use their most persuasive efforts (at conversion), andacting on the heart and on the eyes of the children, for my sake penetrate in like manner amongthe charitably disposed of other queens and princes for the purpose (of imparting) religious enthu-siasm and thorough religious instruction. And this is the true religious devotion, this the sum ofreligious instruction, viz., that it shall increase the mercy and charity, the truth and purity, thekindness and honesty, of the world/ "

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi: —' And whatever soever benevolent acts have been doneby me, the same shall be prescribed as duties to the people who follow after me: and -in this(manner) shall their influence and increase be manifest,—by doing service to father and mother; bydoing service to spiritual pastors; by respectful demeanour to the aged and full of years, and bykindness and condescension to Brahmans, and Sramans, to the orphan and destitute, to servants andthe minstrel tribe/ "

" King Devanampiya Piyadasi again spake :—f And religion increaseth among men by two separateprocesses,: by performance of religious offices, and, by security against persecution. Accordingly,that religious offices and immunities might abound among multitudes, I have observed the ordinancesmyself as the apple of my eye (?) (as testified by) all these animals which have been saved fromslaughter, and by manifold other virtuous acts performed on my behalf. And that the religion maybe from the persecution of men, increasing, through the absolute prohibition to put to .deathliving beings, or to sacrifice aught that draweth breath. For such an object is all this done, thatit may endure to my sons and their sons' sons as long as the sun and moon shall last. Whereforelet them follow its injunctions and be obedient thereto and let it be had in reverence and respect. Inthe twenty-seventh year of my reign have I caused this edict to be written; so sayeth (Devanam-piya). Let stone pillars be prepared and lej; this edict of religion be engraven thereon, that it mayendure unto the remotest ages.' " *

SEPAKATE EDICTS-ALLAHABAD PILLAR.

No. 1.Queen's Edict.

Prinsep." By the mandate of Devanampiya the ministers everywhere are to receive notice. These also

(namely mango treesf) and other things are the gift of the second princess (his) queen, and thesefor * * * of KiclMgani, the third princess the general (daughter's * * ?). Of the secondlady thus let the act redound with triple force/'J

In his remarks on this inscription Tumour has identified the " second queen" with the attend-ant of the former queen Asandhimitra, whom Asoka married in the 34th year of his reign.§But ae a " third queen" is mentioned in the inscription, the second queen must have beenAsandhimUra herself, and the " third queen/' who was married in the 34th year of Asoka, musthave been the queen Kickhigani of the inscription. By this reckoning the first queen would havebeen the predecessor of Asandhimitr& and the mother of Kun&la. The names of at least two otherqueens are known : /, Tishya-rakthitd, by whose contrivance Prince Kunala was blinded; and

* This last passage was afterwards slightly altered by Prinsep as follows:—" In order that this religious edict may stand(remain), stone pillars and stone slahs (or receptacles) shall be accordingly prepared, by which the same may endure nntoremote ages."—Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal, VI, 1059. The word translated stone slabs is read as sila-dharikani, insteadof phalakani or "tablets," as pointed oat by me some twelve years ago.

t AmbavadiJca means a " mango garden."X Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 967. The words immediately following the name of Dev&nampiyu, " the minis-

ters everywhere are to receive notice," are taken from Prinsep'a corrected reading in Vol. VI, p. 448.§ Tumour's Mahawanso, p . 122.

TRANSLATIONS. 141

2, Padmdvati, the mother of Kunala.* I t is probable, therefore, that the titles of first, second, andthird queens must denote their relative rank, and not their sequence in order of time. I t is certainat least that Tishya-rakshitd was the "first" queen, as she is distinctly called so in the Asokaavaddna.f

No. 2.

Kosambi Edict.

As this inscription has only lately been discovered by myself, there is of course no translationavailable, and I am afraid that it is in too mutilated a state to be of much use. But the first lineis complete, and may be rendered:

" Devanampiya commands the rulers of Kosambi/'

The same word annapayati occurs in the Deotek inscription.

Sanchi Pillar,

Of this inscription Prinsep remarks that it is in " too mutilated a state to be restored entirely,but from the commencement -of the third line, it may be concluded that some provision was madeby a 'charitable and religiously disposed person for hungry priests/ and this is confirmed by the twonearly perfect lines at the foot: ' I t is also my desire that camphorated (cool ?) water should begiven to drink. May this excellent purpose endure for ever!' "

A comparison of Prinsep's reading of the text with my version, which has been made afresliduring a recent visit to S&nchi, shows some important differences which will necessitate a revisedtranslation of the last two lines. My reading of the fourth line also differs from Prinsep's, but in aless degree. The words Bhikhu c/ia Bhikhuni seemed to me to be quite clear.

* Burnouf: Introduction al'Histoire du Buddhism, Indien, 149, 403, 405.

t Burnouf, p. 405: " La preinidre des femmes d'A^oka."

INDEX.

TPAGB.

A i r a E a j a — I n s c r i p t i o n o n K h a n d a g i r i R o c k . . . . . . . . 2 7 , 9 8 , 1 3 2i n K h a n d a g i r i C a v e s . . . . . . . - ; 1 0 4 , 1 3 6

A l e x a n d e r I I , o f E p i r u s — E o c k E d i c t X I I I . . . . . . . . 4 , 8 7 , 1 2 6A l l a h a b a d P i l l a r . . . . . . . . . . . 4 , 3 7. — — — — — T e x t s o f A s o k a ' s E d i c t s . . . . . . . . 1 0 6" T r a n s l a t i o n s o f A s o k a ' s E d i c t s . . . . . . . - - - j g y

T w o a d d i t i o n a l E d i c t s , t e x t s . . . . . . . . 1 1 6• " " , t r a n s l a t i o n s . . . . . . . 1 4 0 , 1 4 1• S a m u d r a G u p t a ' s I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . • . 3 8• B a j a B i r b a l ' s I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . 3 9A l p h a b e t i c a l c h a r a c t e r s o f A s o k a ' s p e r i o d . . . . . . . . 4 9«• Ariano-Pali alphabet . . . . . . . . . 50

Indian-Pali alphabet . . . . . . . . . 4 9 , 5 1Indigenous origin of Indian alphabet . . . . . . . 52

Andhras, a people, coupled with the Pulindas . , . - . . . . 11 ,87 ,126Antigonus [Gonnatas of Macedonia] Eock Edict X I I I . , . . . . , 1 1 , 8 7 , 1 2 6Antiochus [ I I Theos, of Syria] Eock Edict I I . . . . . . . . 11 , 66 ,177

Eock Edict X I I I . . . . . . . " " "' ' 87 ,126ASOKA—Chronology of his reign . . . . .' . . , Preface vii• -" Eeigned 41 years . . . f . . . . . . „ v i

D a t e o f a c c e s s i o n , B . C . 2 6 4 . . , . . , ' . . „ v i- • ' D a t e o f i n a u g u r a t i o n , B . C 2 6 0 . . . . . . . . „ v i

B a i r a t E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n , , . . , , , , , , ^ 2 2T e x t o f . 9 6

S e c o n d E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . , " 2 4• T e x t o f . . . , . / . . . 9 7- — — — T r a n s l a t i o n o f . . . . . . . . " 1 3 1B a r a b a r C a v e s — I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . * .. . . . . 3 0 , 1 0 3 , 1 3 4B a r a n a s i o r B e n a r e s — K h a n d a g i r i E o c k E d i c t . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 , 3 0 , 1 0 3 , 1 3 5B h a d a n t a — B u d d h i s t t i t l e c o r r u p t e d t o B h a n t S . . . . . . . 2 5 , 2 6B h o j a , a c o u n t r y , c o u p l e d w i t h P i t e n i k a — E o c k E d i c t X I I I . . . . . . 8 7 , 1 2 6B u d d h a , n a m e o f , i n 2 n d B a i r a t I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . 2 5 , 9T, 1 3 1• D a t e o f d e a t h , o r N i r v a n a , B . C . 4 7 8 . . . . . . . . P r e f a c e i i iB i i h l e r , D r , G , — T e x t a n d t r a n s l a t i o n o f S p h a s a r a m I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . 9 4 , 1 3 0• • T e x t a n d t r a n s l a t i o n o f E u p n a t h I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . 9 5 , 1 3 1B u r n o u f — T r a n s l a t i o n o f E o c k E d i c t I V . . . . . . . . " 1 1 9_ V I I • . 1 2 1, • X 1 2 3. , _ X I I 1 2 5

B _ X I V 1 2 6• 1 — o f first s e p a r a t e E d i c t , D h a u l i . . . . . . . 1 2 7

• - ' . o f s e c o n d ' „ . . . . . . . . 1 2 9.... o f s e c o n d B a i r a t R o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . ~ 1 3 1. • o f K a g & r j u n i C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . . ' 1 3 4

C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0• a t B a r a b a r 3 0 , 1 0 3 , 1 3 4— at Nagarjuni . . . . . . . . . 31,103,134

11 INDEX.

Cave Inscriptions a t Khandagiri and Udayaghi

• a t Ramgarh, in Sirguja

Chandra Gupta Maurya . . . .Chikambari, name of country, Deotek Slab . .

Choda, or Chola, Rock Edict I I . . ,

Dasaratha, inscriptions of, at Nagarjuni

Date of Asoka . . . . .

— — Buddha's death, or Nirvana, B. C. 478

• • Chandra Gupta Maurya .

' • Mahavira . . . . .

Delhi Pillar, from Siwalik . . . .

' , from Mirat . . . .• • Texts of Inscriptions

————— Translations of Inscriptions

— Two additional Edicts, V I I and V I I IDeotek Slab Inscription . . . .

Devanampriya, title of Asoka . . . .

, title of Dasaratha, Nagarjuni Caves

Dhauli Rock Inscription . . . .

••• first separate Ed i c t•' second separate Ed ic t . .

G a n d h a r a — R o c k Edic t V . .G a y a Inscr ipt ion, da ted in era of _NirvanaG i r n a r Rock Inscr ipt ion . . . .

_ * Text . . . .• Translat ion . . .Gotama-swami , or I n d r a b h u t i , disciple of Mahavi ra .Greek K i n g s , names of, i n Asoka's Rock Edicts I I and X I I I

Inscr ip t ion on Shahbazgarh i Rock• Kha l s i Rock . . . .i G i rna r Rock . . . .. D h a u l i Rock . . . .• ' J a u g a d a Rock . . . .• first separate , on Dhaul i and J a u g a d a Rocks

—• second „ „ „ „' on Sahasa ram Rock

: on R u p n a t h Rock . . . .- on Ba i r a t . . . . .

• on second Ba i ra t Rockon Deotek Slab . . . .

• in R a m g a r h Caves • .• in Ba raba r Caves . . . .

» in N a g a r j u n i Caves .— — — on K h a n d a g i r i Rock

— in Khandag i r i and TJdayagiri Caves. on Delhi P i l l a r from Siwalik

on Delh i P i l l a r f rom M i r a ton Al lahabad P i l l a r

• on L a u r i y a Ara ra j P i l l a r .• i on L a u r i y a Navandga rh P i l la r .

— separate Edic t s on Allahabad Pi l la r• — on Sanchi P i l la r . . . .

J a u g a d a — F o r t and Rock Inscr ipt ion .• > T e s t of Inscr ip t ion .

PAGE.

32.10433.105

4102

66,116

103,134Preface vi, vii

„ iii„ vi

». . iy33

106137

116,1402, 102

passim.' 103,13415, 65,11820, 89,12720, 92,129

72,120Preface v

1465

117Preface iv

9,66,86

8, 65,11812, 65,11814, 65,118

* 15, 65,11817, 65,11820, 89,12720, 92,12920, 94,13021, 95,131

22,9624, 97,131

28,10233,105

30,103,13431.103,13427, 98,13232.104,13534,106,18737,106,13737,106,13739,106,13741,106,13738.116,14042.116,141

,17, .1965

INDEX.. iiiPAGE.

J a u g a d a — T r a n s l a t i o n o f I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . . usT e x t o f s e p a r a t e E d i c t s . . . . . . . . . 8 9 , 9 2T r a n s l a t i o n o f s e p a r a t e E d i c t s . . . . . . . . 1 2 7 , 1 2 9

K a l i n g a — E o c k E d i c t X I I I • ^ . . . . . . . . 8 4 , 1 2 5K h a n d a g i r i K o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . , . . . . . . . 9 9 1 3 2

— K h a n d a g i r i C a v e s • . 1 0 4 , 1 0 5 , 1 3 6K a m b o j a — B o c k E d i c t V . . . . . . . . , 7 2 1 2 0K e r n , P r o f e s s o r — T r a n s l a t i o n o f s e c o n d B a i r a t I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . ; 1 3 3K e t a l a p u t r a , o r K e r a l a — B o c k E d i c t I I • • • • • . . . 6 6 1 1 7K h a l a t i , o r K h a l a n t i H i l l s — B a r a b a r C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s • • • . . . 3 2 , 1 0 3 1 3 4K h a l s i — E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . , .. m ^ 2 2

• T e x t o f I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . '# 5 5——— T r a n s l a t i o n o f I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . .• % t 1 1 8K h a n d a g i r i B o c k I n s c r i p t i o n • • . . . . . . . . 2 7

1 T e x t o f I n s c r i p t i o n • • • • • • • . . . . 9 8' T r a n s l a t i o n o f I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . , . . . . 1 3 2

a n d U d a y a g i r i C a v e s . . . . . . . . . 3 2 , 1 0 4 , 1 3 5K h e p i n g a l a H i l l s , i n D h a u l i a n d J a u g a d a I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . . 1 9 , 6 5K o s a m b i , E d i c t o f , o n A l l a h a b a d P i l l a r • • • • . . . . 3 8 , 1 1 6 1 4 1

L a n g u a g e o f I n s c r i p t i o n s • • • . . . . . . . 4 3L a u r i y a A r a r a j P i l l a r • • . . . . . . , . . 3 9' . , N a v a n d g a r h P i l l a r • • • . . . . . . . 4 1— — T e x t o f b o t h i n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . . . . 6 5••• • T r a n s l a t i o n o f d i t t o . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7

M a h a v l r a — D a t e o f h i s N i r v a n a , B . C . 5 2 7 . . . . . . . . P r e f a c e i vM a h i n d o , o r M a h e n d r a , s o n o f A s o k a . . . . . ^ . . . 1 7M a s s o n — H i s c o p y o f S h a h b a z g a r h i I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . 8

N a g a r j u n i C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s • • . . . . . . . . 3 1N a n d a E a j a — K h a n d a g i r i E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . 9 9 , 1 3 3N i r v a n a o f M a h a v l r a , B . C . 5 2 7 . . . . . . . . . P r e f a c e i v

o f B u d d h a , S a k y a M u n i , B . C . 4 7 8 . . . . . . . . i v——— e r a , u s e d i n G a y a I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . . . i v

P a n d a , o r P a n d i o n i s E e g i o — R o c k E d i c t I I . . . . . . . 1 0 , 6 6 , 1 1 7P i l l a r a t A l l a h a b a d . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7— - — a t D e l h i f r o m S i w a l i k . . . . ! . . . . . ' 3 4

a t D e l h i f r o m M i r a t . . . . . . . . . . 3 7— — a t L a u r i y a A r a r a j . . . . . . . . . . 3 9— — a t L a u r i y a N a v a n d g a r h . . . . . . . . . . 4 1

a t S a n c h i . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2P i t e n i k a , n a m e o f d i s t r i c t , c o u p l e d w i t h B h o j a , E d i c t X I I IP r i n s e p , J a m e s — N o t e s o n I n d i a n P a l i a l p h a b e t

1 • S u m m a r y o f c o n t e n t s o f E d i c t s• B e m a r k s o n K h a n d a g i r i a l p h a b e t• B e m a r k s o n l a n g u a g e o f A s o k a ' s I n s c r i p t i o n .

' ' T e x t s o f E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n s

87,11751527476589o f s e p a r a t e E o c k E d i c t s

o f K h a n d a g i r i E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . o §o f C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . . . . 1 0 3T e x t s o f D e l h i a n d o t h e r P i l l a r I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . 1 Q 6T r a n s l a t i o n s o f E o c k E d i c t s . . . . . . . . 1 2 7

——— o f K h a n d a g i r i E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . 1 2 7 , 1 2 9——— o f C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . . - . 1 3 4

o f P i l l a r E d i c t s . . . " 1 3 7

iv INDEX.PAGE.

Queen's Edict on Allababad Pillar . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 , 1 4 0

E a h u l a , o r L a g h u l a , i n s e c o n d B a i r a t I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . 2 6 , 2 7 , 6 7 , 1 3 2E a m g a r h C a v e s , i n S i r g u j a — I n s c r i p t i o n s . . . . . . . . 3 3 , 1 0 5E a . s b . t i k a , a c o u n t r y , s a m e a s S u r a s b t r a — E d i c t V . . . . . . . 7 2 , 1 2 0E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n a t S h a h b a z g a r h i . . . . . . . . . ^ , 8

a t K h a l s i 1 2—————— a t G i r n a r . . . . . . . . . . 1 4

a t D h a u l i . . . . . , . . . , 1 5• a t J a u g a d a . . . . . . . , , . 1 7'• > S e p a r a t e , a t D h a u l i a n d J a u g a d a . , , . . . . 2 0

— — — — — a t S a h a s a r a m . . . . . . . , . , 2 0— — — a t R f i p n a t h . . . . . . . . . . 2 1

—___ a t B a i r a t . . . . . . . . . . 2 2—————— S e c o n d , a t B a i r a t . . . . . . • . . 2 4• • a t K h a n d a g i r i . . . . . , . . . , 2 7E u p u a t h E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . . . 2 1

T e x t o f , b y D r . B i i h l e r . , . . . , . 9 5• T r a n s l a t i o n „ . . , , . , 1 3 J .

S a b a s a r a m E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . , , , . . . . . 2 0 , 1 2__ . T e x t o f I n s c r i p t i o n b y D r , B u b l e r , . . . , 9 4-^—————————— T r a n s l a t i o n o f „ „ . . . . . 1 3 0S a k a n a g a r a , c i t y , m e n t i o n e d i n K h a n d a g i r i E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . , . , . 9 8 , 1 3 3S a m a p a , c i t y , m e n t i o n e d i n J a u g a d a — S e p a r a t e E d i c t s . . . . . . . 1 9 , 8 9S a n c h i P i l l a r I n s c r i p t i o n . , , , , . . . . . 4 2 , 1 1 6 , 1 4 1S h a h b a z g a r h i E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n , , . . . , . . , . g

, t h e P o - l u - s b a o f H w e n T h s a n g . , , . . . . . 9• • , t b e B a z a r i a o f A r r i a n , . . . . , . . . 9— — — — T e x t o f I n s c r i p t i o n - , , , . . . . . ( j g

T r a n s l a t i o n o f I n s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . 1 1 7S e p a r a t e E d i c t s o n D b a u l i E o c k . , . . . . . . . 1 6 ; , 8 9 , 1 2 7 , 1 2 9

o n J a u g a d a E o c k , . . . . , . . . 1 9 , 8 9 , 1 2 7 , 1 2 9• • o f Q u e e n o n A l l a h a b a d P i l l a r . . . . . . . 3 8 , 1 1 6 , 1 4 0• o f K o s & m b i o n „ • • , , . . . * 3 8 , 1 1 6 , 1 4 1— — — — — r - o n D e l h i S i w a l i k P i l l a r . . . . . . . . 3 6 1 1 4 1 1 5

T a k h a s i l a , o r T a x i l a — F i r s t s e p a r a t e E d i c t , D h a u l i . . . . . . . 9 1 1 2 8T a m b a p a n n i , P a l i n a m e o f C e y l o n — E o c k E d i c t I I . . . . . . . QQ n yT e x t s o f E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n s . . , f . . . . . . . 6 5

• 1.; first, s e p a r a t e E d i c t a t D h a u l i a n d J a u g a d a . ' . , . . . 8 9s e c o n d „ • „ • „ „ . . . , . . , 9 2

——— K h a n d a g i r i " E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . . , . , . , g gS a h a s a r a m E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n . • , . . . . . . 9 4

• E u p n a t h E o c k „ . . . . . . . . . 9 5• B a i r a t E o c k J » . . . . . . Q a

« • • • • • . . . Off

- - S e c o n d B a i r a t E o c k , , « . . . . . . . . 9 7D e o t e k S l a b » . • • , . . . , . 1 0 2

— — P i l l a r I n s c r i p t i o n s * * . , . . . . . . 1 0 6- S e p a r a t e P i l l a r I n s c r i p t i o n s . , . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 1 1 5 u g

C a y e I n s c r i p t i o n s , , , . , . . . . 1 Q 3T o s a l i , n a m e o f a t o w n a n d d i s t r i c t , i n D h a u l i — S e p a r a t e E d i c t » • • • . . 1 6 , 1 2 7 , 1 2 9T r a n s l a t i o n s o f E o c k E d i c t s b y P r i n s e p a n d " W i l s o n . . . . . . . 1 1 7 1 2 6

o f first s e p a r a t e E o c k b y P r i n s e p a n d B u r n o u f . . . . . . 1 2 7o f s e c o n d „ „ „ , , , . . . . . 1 § 9

- < - ' — o f S a h a s a r a m E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n , b y D r , B U h l e r . . . . . . 13QofEApn&th „ „ „ 1 3 l

•-• —>— of second Bairat Inscription, by Burnou| and "Wilson , , , , , 33j

INDEX.

Translation of second Balr&t Inscription, by Professor Kern; of Khandagiri Kock Inscription, by Prinsep

———•of Khandagiri and Udayagiri Cave Inscriptionsof Barabar Cave Inscriptions • «

—— of Nagarjuni Cave Inscriptions « »of Pillar Edicts, by Prinsep . *

" -of separate Edicts on Delhi Pillar, Tjy Prinsepof „ „ on Allahabad Pillar .

• of Sanchi Pillar Inscriptions • •

CTpatissa, or Sariputra—;Second Bairat Kock Inscription

Vira, or Aira, Kaja—Khandagiri Kock and Cave Inscriptions

Wilson, H. H.—His criticism on Prinsep's translations ,• Remarks on second Bair&t Inscription, »—— > Translation of „ „

Remarks-on language of Asoka's Inscriptions_ _ _ Translations of Kock Edicts • «

Tona, country, coupled with Kamboja . * •kings, Antioclius, &c.—Kock Edict I I .

PAGE.

132132135

. - 134134

137,139139140141

97,132

.98,104,132,136

72613144

117,125

10,7266, 11786, 12G

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of A80KA PLATB I.

SHAHBAZ-GARHI ROCKFront 01 E. Pace.

. .5

6

op'

a

ZO. .

A. Cunningham, del. «t ilu Siirnrfor Gnurd'* OiTLc* C«lrutL».

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA. PLATE II.

A A

SHAHBAZ-dARHI BOCKBack or W. Pace.

EDICT

i

2

I

4 d .__

9 —

*—-/? >/^77^/^^-^7^^,^^ > *^*>^|7%H

-•—9

10

_._ll

12

14

A. Cunningham, del. FliotonocogrupKrd at liie SunT^nr Gr-arral'» Ofilr» Calcatta.

CORPUS INSCRiPTI.ON.UW- INBICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA,

KHALS1 BOCKE. Face.

PLATE III.

--©-•• J»- yB-riSWlU* dsL^x " ^ t ? ^ J l 6 - H i l A ^ ^ . - u

5

10.

.10

.15

^

* " *

BAO-fW ^ * HDteii

20L

25-

30

^ ^ X T V f ^ M o J . ^ x ^ H - F ^ ^

fe^W^ b^5Ai i ^ S S^ r i

A. Cunningham, del.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL T.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

B W C T

io-

2 0

Oue-ai>th of the Original.

PLATE IV.

KHALSI BOCK

N. Face.

S. Pace.

a. g 1 0 - y <£ g j , fed"»*XnJ"DT>6 £ U

D ' y

A. Clllinin^hnm, del. Photonnsogrtpliod atth* Surrryor Geoenla Offix»

CORPUS INSCIUPTiONUM INDICARUM. VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA

EDICT I

EDICT II

EDICT III

BOCK AT GIEKAE >

in Kathiawad

A * a £+•

h 6k6X 1, IXAt>AO»6>i

: ? D'^df

>C I'M b fAira, D-D1D D^u

PLATE "V.

EDICT IV

EDICT V

One.twe.lth of the Ong.nal

A. Cunningham, del. »t t)i«

CORPUS INSCR1PTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA

:. •'£ EDICT VI

12/ .".p

i4-/>IX6 A

x / T I N u i < / 1 / i v n c '

/fi D pX:#A J. AJ>A(<

One-twelfth of the Original

PLATE VI.

GIRNAR ROCKin Kathiawad,

/ Xr4=A (juprxj—^Jy ©4"-&cb b <i 1 ^X<SAO\D^B-|-y^

0 - L ^ OV-QLSDJ-uf d^t/o/v^^ur ' fijA^1 "O"O SXX/b ^i'if'O^^Ai't'^S/vd t X Jb l"O "l"| o«l/ d"n*<foOt"

i-tAf l»Co»*Aw•^/•^'oAJUOT1" ^vS VJXX"!! Oik X/Q (s&hiO

Jr?^5L<5ptP6.PAtfd^ "h Qr'd 6JTL<f6ci*y'A-0*f VA

>A£ WJ AO J/D«8A^A A A ?A»rfA'+ t t y £ S A bXX-^XXbcftp Cli - I ^ J X ^ C L f X ^ A d ^ d C>>C: f/; 0tf»-A-JX^AAA^)C6

• •sir* cii j \ i 1 A-TIJ. r Hi* n*^ *? 1*.A rv w t A"T"_A A I-SY\&I 1 JLIii».kT 1

•^ r£AM* G f /T-fvL-fX^+J^ 0 b fGiX b *MH/jWUftrXA><X6>l"hA>iAXbf +-« Xyb6*bfd^ k ^ A A ^ L ^ X ^ - f f

CanninghEm, del

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM." VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA..

- ,. ;_. FIRST

SEEARATB EDICT.

PLATE VIII.

DHAULI BOCKLeft Face.

^

A. Cunningham, del. FhotomK»gr*pliea at the Surrrror Grnt-ral'» OlTicc Calcutta.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of A3OKA.PLATE IX.

DHAULI EOCKMiddle Face.

EDICT

m A ^ ^ ^ ^

J« W/;jC 4VA>,0t

o-

<

A. Cunningham, del. Fho1ooncngr«|ilied at the Survrror GearrsVe Offiro Calcutta.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL 1

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

EDICT

vn

vin

SECOND

SEPARATE

EDICT.

; tU^'.-".. " I . . , ' ':

BHAULI ROCKRight Face;

PLATE X.

* ^ « ^

J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H J

A. Cunningham, ael, Gtmrai's Oi'firr t 'slr

CDoo

—

cv* »

0C

O

Q>

it2

SS g

oM

2

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

YOI.

BOCK AT SAHASARAMn e a r P a t n a .

PLATE XIV.

K.

HOCK AT BITPNATHneat Jab alp ur.

X.

BOCK AT BAIBATnear Jaypur.

"'. ;>••""

A. Cunningham,-.d^.i:^,' Fbolotmcogp»jJied. at tie Surveyor General's O£fico Oalcattu..

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of.ASOKAi.

3 rfAAX

LC<b+<f

XI.

ROCK AT BAIRITnear Jaypur.

••«••J'TbJ;

CAYES IH RAMHATE HILLn e a r S i r g t t j a.

SLAB AT DEOTEKnear Nagpur.

PLATE XV.

0, J, cf

A. CunnmghaTQ, del. Fhotoiincogr»|i«>a. at tKe Sttrtryur Geaeral'» Office Calcutta..

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

2. Viswa.

INSCRIPTIONS of DASARATHA.

CAVES AT BARABAR,

1. Sudama.

CAVES AT NAGARJUNI.

4. Vapiyaka.

3. Kama.

PLATE XVI.

5. Gopika

d -F-fcrf t>6. Vadathi.

o-H-d'

OiKi-sixtti of the Orit'M.r»!.

•A. Cu'nninghVm,"deU;* -V H -the SurTejror Qmccal» Office Calcutta

CORPUS INSCRIPTION™ INDICARUM. VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of AIRA KAJA.

« fcrtbiforSA-rfLtflfliifrA9

10

It - - -

12

14- - .

15 - -

16 - •

17 - -

KHANDAGIRI CAYES,

1 NAMELESS CAVE. '

Cp $-&+^ -fc A/ BA>-0 X '

SNAKE CA.YB.

XIV

KOCX AT KHAtfDAGIBIin K a t a k .

PLATE XVII

dA.r4--JOJ-A.lrl

\

. . - !o • - -A t

. . .

«t» 1 ilA«ir

. v TJ i

'.. ex

4 TIGER CAVE.

L A I ft 1*? fl

5 NAMELESS CAVE.

6 PAWAN CAVE.

CAVB.

9 VAIKUNTA CAVE.

tf x X'-dl'-F f'H f

A. Cunningham, del.

Ot><OPS5Oi—-I

Ht—i

o•GQ

oo

wpq

'liiz.

boCo

3

H

-o a.

7J ca

•!.« to

i"" ?

5 5 "

t-3I—

i

PH

w

GQO

PH

.

-6

6,P

-.

H•

/ A^fu^-M

oo

©

2 —

> "« 5 <o

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

i EDICT i

4

i i . . . . • 5

in . . . . 8

I V . . . _

17

18

v . . . .

PLATE XXH

ALLAHABAD PILLAR.

yfyXJ^AdjU- tmHAd^^

7 Zines cut away by Jahangir's inscription. )

A-Auiic^tb-teya^uo-vi-uL^dyo

^Gpffab.g^cra^Wd^a^

SEPARATE EDICTS

One-ninth of the Original.

A. Cunningham, del.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL L

INSCRIPTIONS Of ASOKA.

P I L L A RAT

LAURIYA-ARARAJ

(Radhia.)

SOUTH

EDICT i _ .. >5J:t5a>

e . . 0=81*02

W-.Hi.l i i l l6^. d'-J-o*Xfd1rAu<a.<nr^b<!b^<bX

in "jjfiL

iv -

WA-d

PLATE XXIII.

One-twelfth of the Original.

Ge>«iU Office

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

EDICT V ^£X*dl vJj)>$i$£ Vd

. * . . U X (OJb (C b"0 (U r4 *

ILlr d^)A*3: £ A X d ^ ? *

a i l lR > l l / l f I* U 1 • VT J6.>/ !op OATdTX ft (JO (<•

a..A«J^iai^J!?6(CxJd'<>1

vi ..14-.."^£X"GiL VJJMJ"\T$- TT4*

D"A<y/?"a# ^UA"Hbb*C A* A*

16. Ho-.-UiXA4 «V V A ' b X ^ .

v«A<bixl-fa;^bd3a'«'(b

P I L L A RAT

LAURIYA-ARARAJ( R a d h i a . )

NOTtTH

iX xtfil >rJ-fd ^+iTd3 . X H4. A^r > 4 - ^ J ? l 1 1 . 1 t

biA^O. iX ft 1. ^ki?<U UXr1^ bd U> fc£ld HX.U

XAAX^IxbCi^A^ XilH-rj

upP|vui UXffvtL A(C1 UXi

H"lr c o r A1 O(C no'A X"V D'if»

PLATE XXIV. :

^ <L » J/ H AX 0<tU A y X

One-twelfth of the Original.

A. Cunningham, del.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

EDICT I __ , . . )>S± tl

2 . . f>*fcHf U

0.v x AJ

1 (\ Jt^ I /1 •*! J 1 iIw» • O^^ \J^^ CV '

12. .tbdVi'(b'b

in . . . . >5± til t

J4-. . p i A ' ««

l6..yWrf<bjJ

iv— 7*61* bib Ci

18-. °M/GI<bA

UrA+W f1 J

2o..$-i!(l;XDr»

22- • N0-tljfr-<f>i

24-. . ^ I H - J ^ f J

HS-'-AtidB

A O i lwn in DKOYM At*}

PLATE XXV.

P I L L A EAT

LAURIYA-NAVANDGAEH(Ma t h i a . )

•X/TIJA t-J>AWA fectilidD^H-JLAHAOi D'8-F«AJ,

^tLHAA^^ajHAlrfil HAlLrOVl >fbd.^yy

J D-tf"bT D*8-F8Ad rV^ii^A i ^ X a ^ \fjfityi

kA

L6Ab*J!xy"X H o d ' A ^ t / i ^ D B"l :-<jjr f%JUL<bb-+'

^^•bA-atrcb^tfcbXitO i/dSU» :.JiO1fcft!T/TliWfi-FW

(blr^6X((JHJ;AA<Ca;HrflGWPi HAl»XaW-<?X-0§+^©

Jj7vld<£fc6£(l*< a t f l b ^ X tr>AdWA'd H-JDliXnJ^f ^ U X

AJX o-KL&FJ^tfit /WAWb bAiP± Xi^*JLV 3 # 1 xXf AfJl^^Ai'X(UA-iJ!HUllAa?±?lrXCxlX4: Lb^A -I-<J>X ^^"BVi*

,tiiUA*>Kr^4A6i(Wi<y! « ^ ^ D D ' W I (bx^y^i^rfA^

One-twe!fob of the Original.

Ehotoannoo^gphed H Hw. JKrrvcycr Oaier»!1* Office (^lcntta.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

P I L L A RAT

LAURIYA-NAVANDGARH

(Ma th ia . )

li-J (I» X JbA4-*t?s Ay+"bA/bi aA_b7> tLb<ir?A l l ^A Xc

e . . H £ f X J ! fcr'-Fd At+iCd ArfX!> GiLtfXi H i p t A + d - f

8- .<!»67Ccb<S 2H"b«liA^cb ^JJL^il 1,/ JA<?J> JiAj£AM'$& X{&

io- . I C d - f A o l P^AXibApijG-^ XAiX^Ci -f-bCrfAfO JJJ H'J

14-. ."U^ll+CiiL Jid fbd <5(U Ai^Crft^AXli > AOb H*A iJ-f OJ UX<

"FO*TX<^1' HO Cr«A A®"do^&'o Lr<><S ;l/^X*Fil/(b l / C 3 ^

20. .({16C(UrGyJ/oA oouJj^&cb ^d.•*•*!/ HAX t x i b A b l

{wwo^bA (Lro (t»AO(CrT (GAX0 »*»J/ 0* ynj G xT^GA

. * - ^ i • z *• • '

PLATE XXVI.

Lr/b

•I

4 AT)IOC

a;

bAx^

-A

One^twelfth of thq Original.

A Cunningham, del. Fliotoxincogr«{li*d. at tht Sm-vcjur General's Office Calcutta..

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM VOL. I .

ASOKA

B. C, 250

COINS

150

Ariano-Pali.

KANISHKA.

50 B, C.

ALPHABETS Indo-Pali. PLATE XXVIL

ASOKA COINS KANISHKA.

B. C. 250 150 50

K

Kh

6

Gh

Ng

Ch

Chh

J

Jh

Ny

T

Th

PDh

T

Th

D

Dh

N

P

Ph

B

Bh

M

Y

£

L

Y

S

Sh

S

H

'•h

69

\

y

s

t

lf

TP

Vf-h

Tu

\(Ai77

\n

yi

¥

v

i

M

S

rh•h

TiVJ

A1H

nT

9

I% 1

r

f

f

T

uAn

7

n7*

kre

ge ip go gam

2>che

-f-the +thi

\ dhr

ni I nam.

phi

°2.br

T mi

>/Vyam

^ ru ^- ram

d H Hj le d l

3: vri

/Z. f r Of sp /^ si

^ slik

mam

n ri,

11

VOWELS

INITIAL

MEDIAL + -F

A nb

s

d.4

Hn

V/

CcoHd»X

k0

DOi

u 6bD

n1 HO O

\

I i

A ft

+

A0

dX

u

a

JA

/c\fcj

f

UJ

EH

\co

X/\

o

0As

/\

u

•HX

cXJ

T \

A

&IT V\

•f^kt ±ky -ifki*Vkhi Ikhy T 1 khuA1 gi A -A ft go

<f cha ^ chy

<b chhu

nyo

^ ta d ti ( tfOtha O* thi 9 thu -O thepfddd'dhiI nS 31 ne £ no

X1 ti ^ t y A-tu9 thub dw f> da J> du

fdhf ^ dhy P H dim

J-, J,. nu 1 i no

0 pa; t pi l^pii"t"C Tipo"b phe9 q bu -o- tr bo cr o-/bhirjjbhy

if^ ma

i £ yi Jf yu ^» yu

f ra I ri I- ru

tTla -J le "l/ lu

vy 4i vy

srn

Aftsm < sy (j(st r"lr he t - "0- "Cr ho.

me

a a i e ai o au an ar

L b^

-fc "feU

A. Cuaningham del.Lithographed at the Surveyor Generai'a Office. Calcutta. January 1877.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL. I.

GROUP

ASOKA

250 8. C.

SEAL

400 B. i

0 Jf

1 B

H

Sh

B. C,

ORIGIN OP INDIAN ALPHABET.PLAT 3 XXVIII

A A

PICTORIAL FORMS

n | mattock = khan — to dig

(~\ gagan — sky, vault of heaven

° gupha, guha = cave

A

EGYPTIAN HlfcRO

= m

= t:= b

= digging

= walking

= cave

Y

J

Ch

Chh

dd> OD

T

Th

Th

Dh

( C

ooD Q

yoni; 0 ya, yava = barley

jarjhan = mons veneris

(J chamas =• spoon

ehhatra = umbrella

tokra = basket

tha = circle = disk of Sun

tha — eye

fill arm — a bow

Oo

D

0 UD

\J pdni = hand,pnjd = worship

LJ hdri = enclosure

mukh = mouth

T

V

N

K

R

i

+

matsya =

4^\ tdla = fan-palm, ^a/a = span

A vf«a = lute

J^ w<?;»/' = well-frame dis «osa = nose

j ^ , Jeattdr = dagger

/J rasmi — ray

lavdka = sickle

| t = . hansiya — sickle

jsrava = ear

i, sarpa = serpent

VOWELS .

« if d

soo

250

I!M H-

i

L -

= mons ycneris, with zone

= neb = basket

0 = the sun

jr

rfl.

u J = k == k = adoration

= e = house

-=z ru = mouth

x DW-

J = n = «j /J-tf, = guitar O XiEw

L achh mi ya

STONE SEAL

A. Cunningham, del.Lithogrftphed at the Surveyor General's Office. Calcutta. January 1877.

INSCRIBED ROGXS PLATE XXIX.

S H A H B A Z - G A R H I

F R O N T B A C K

KHALSI GIRNAR

DHAULI

1. Ram-kund

2. Lakshman-kd

Sita-kund

R U E N A T HP L A N

Crest of the Kaimur Hills.

Rupnath

Lingam

A. Cunningham, del.

Lithographed at the Survr. Genl'a. Office, Calcutta, April 1876.

PLATE XXX.

UDAYAGIRI

n e a r

BHILSA.

SANC HI

P I L L A R SOP

AS OK A

L O H A N G I F O R T B H I L S A

3 Feet

A. Cunningham, del. /

Lithographed at the Survr. Genl's. Office, Calcutta, April 1876.