ASHRAE bEQ® Program

Amanda Bogner

President, Energy Studio KU Architectural Engineering Licensed Mechanical Engineer LEED AP BD + C, Certified LEED

Reviewer Vice-chair USGBC’s EA Technical

Advisor Group (EA TAG) Building Energy Modeling

Professional (BEMP)

Alexander Skillman

Energy Analyst, Energy Studio PKI Architectural Engineering, MAE UNO MBA, focus on sustainable

business Licensed Mechanical Engineer LEED AP BD+C, O+M Building Energy Assessment

Professional (BEAP)

Energy Studio

Company BHAG: In 15 years, save our clients as much

energy as New York City uses in one year.

What’s so important about energy efficiency?

A Historic Opportunity

As of 2010, total US building stock = 275 billion SF

Every year, we… Tear down 1.75 billion SF Renovate 5 billion SF Build new 5 billion SF

Source: www.Architecture2030.org

A Historic Opportunity

By 2035, 75% of the built environment will be either new or renovated.

Professional Responsibility?

Who is going to ensure that the 75% of new

or renovated spaces are energy efficient?

Energy Benchmarking

What is Benchmarking?

Measuring how much energy a building consumes and comparing that against other buildings

Benchmarking Policies

Why Benchmark?

Save money, cut waste

Make your city smarter

Support local economy

ASHRAE bEQ Program

bEQ Program

Developed by ASHRAE Two-part

As Designed In Operation

Compliments other certification programs: LEED Green Globes Energy Star

bEQ vs. Energy Star

bEQ Allows a wider range of buildings to apply

ENERGY STAR is a pass/fail rating -- either you get it or you don't.

bEQ places increased emphasis on zero net energy

Source: www.ashraexchange.org

bEQ vs. Energy Star

bEQ is not a recognition program… It focuses on improvement – providing

owners information so that they can improve their buildings!

Source: www.ashraexchange.org

bEQ Applicability

As Designed 8 building types in 3 categories:

Office Food Sales Retail

bEQ Applicability

In Operation 46 building types in 13 categories:

Office Laboratory Public Order/Safety Public Assembly Education Food Service Nursing Lodging Service Healthcare Warehouse Retail Food Sales

bEQ Application Requirements

ASHRAE certified professional (BEMP, BEAP) Or, Licensed engineer (in building’s location) And, Registration fee Normalized energy model (As Designed) 12-18 months of utility data (In Operation) On-site assessment Completed workbooks

bEQ Scale

Scale Range Rating Description

≤ 0 A+ Zero Net Energy 1-25 A High Performance 26-55 A- Very Good 56-85 B Efficient 86-115 C Average 116-145 D Inefficient

>145 F Unsatisfactory

Source: www.BuildingEnergyQuotient.org

Source: www.BuildingEnergyQuotient.org

bEQ As Designed

bEQ As Designed

Compares predicted source EUI to CBECS data

For buildings less than 12-months old Adapted ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Performance

Rating Method Standardized Inputs

Schedules Internal gains

Median EUI

Found using ENERGY STAR’s Target Finder (being phased out)

Standardized Input values

Focus on SOURCE EUI; not Site EUI

Target Finder Input Grocery Office Retail Zip Code Project Specific

Floor Area Project Specific

Weekly Operating Hours 105 65 65

FTE 1 / 1000 SF 2.3 / 1000 SF 1/ 1000 SF

# of PCs - 2.2 / 1000 SF 0.2 / 1000 SF

# Cash Registers - - 0.3 / 1000 SF

% AC 100% > 50% 100%

% Heated 100% > 50% 100%

Exterior Entrance? - - Yes

# Walk-in Refrig/Freezer Units 0.25 / 1000 SF - Project Specific

# of Open or Closed Refrig/Freezer Units - - Project

Specific

On-site Cooking? Yes - -

ASHRAE 90.1 PRM Adaptation

Similar to modeling “Proposed Case” for LEED Thermal Blocks Envelope Lighting HVAC Service Water Heating

No “Baseline” model created

Standardized Inputs

Defined in As-Designed Modeling Input Workbook Operation Schedules Similar to schedules ASHRAE 90.1-2010 User’s

Manual Internal Loads Occupancy Plug Load Infiltration

Temperature Set Points

Standard Schedules

Occupancy Interior Lighting

Exterior Lighting Elevator

Plug Loads Service Water Heating

HVAC Fan Operation Ventilation

Infiltration

Copyright ©2012 ASHRAE, Inc. (Updated 5/10/2013)

BUILDING TYPE: GENERAL OFFICE STANDARDIZED SCHEDULES FOR CANDIDATE BUILDING MODEL

Standardized Variable Day Type Mo Start Mo End 12-1am 1-2am 2-3am 3-4am 4-5am 5-6am 6-7am 7-8am 8-9am 9-10am 10-11am 11-12pm 12-1pm 1-2pm 2-3pm 3-4pm 4-5pm 5-6pm 6-7pm 7-8pm 8-9pm 9-10pm 10-11pm 11-12am

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Occupancy % of Maximum Load

Weekday Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 95 95 95 95 50 95 95 95 95 30 10 10 10 10 5 5

Sat Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 30 30 30 30 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0

Sun Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Holiday Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

HVAC On/Off

Weekday Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off

Sat Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off

Sun Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

Holiday Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

Interior Lighting % of Maximum Load

Weekday Jan Dec 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 30 90 90 90 90 80 90 90 90 90 50 30 30 20 20 10 5

Sat Jan Dec 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 30 30 30 30 15 15 15 15 15 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Sun Jan Dec 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Holiday Jan Dec 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Exterior Lighting On/Off

All Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On

Elevator % of Maximum Load

Weekday Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 69 43 37 43 58 48 37 37 46 62 20 12 4 4 0 0

Sat Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 14 21 18 25 21 13 8 4 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sun Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Holiday Jan Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Service Water Heating % of Maximum Load

Weekday Jan Dec 5 5 5 5 5 8 7 19 35 38 39 47 57 54 34 33 44 26 21 15 17 8 5 5

Sat Jan Dec 5 5 5 5 5 8 7 11 15 21 19 23 20 19 15 12 14 7 7 7 7 9 5 5

Sun Jan Dec 4 4 4 4 4 7 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 9 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 7 4 4

Holiday Jan Dec 4 4 4 4 4 7 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 9 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 7 4 4

Plug Loads % of Maximum Load

Weekday Jan Dec 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 90 90 90 90 80 90 90 90 90 80 60 60 50 50 40 40

Sat Jan Dec 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 35 35 35 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Sun Jan Dec 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Holiday Jan Dec 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Infiltration On/Off

Weekday Jan Dec On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On

Sat Jan Dec On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On

Sun Jan Dec On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

Holiday Jan Dec On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

Ventilation On/Off

Weekday Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off

Sat Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off

Sun Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

Holiday Jan Dec Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

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Occupancy Schedule

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Interior Lighting Schedule

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Plug Load Schedule

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Exterior Lighting Schedule

Category

Plug Loads Occupancy Heat Rate Min

Ventilation Max

Infiltration

W/SF SF/person Sensible Latent Off On On (ach)

Off (ach)

General Office 1.00 150 250 206 0 0.15 0.12 0.28

Medical Office 2.47 150 250 206 0 0.15 0.12 0.28

Retail 0.3 100 100 250 0 0.25 0.23 0.26

Grocery 1.02 138 - - 0 0.27 0.23 0.26

Standardized Inputs

Category

Service Water Heating Load

[Btu/hr/person] Temperature Set Points

On Off Heating Set Point

Heating Set Back

Cooling Set Point

Cooling Setback

General Office 0 175 70 55 75 91

Medical Office 0 175 70 55 75 91

Retail 0 135 70 55 75 91

Grocery 0 10 70 55 75 91

Standardized Inputs

Hot Tip s

Build a library Schedules Standardized Inputs

When in doubt, use these as starting points

in any modeling work

Case Study

Owner Goals

36,000 SF Office + 31,000 SF Warehouse/Parking

Preserve the existing building

Create a healthy space for workers

50% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007

LEED Platinum

Pre-design Energy Cost Savings = 22.34%

Source: Integrated Architecture

Envelope Study

Evaluated: Glazing quantity Glass performance Wall performance Roof performance

Reported Total energy cost savings Total energy consumption savings Peak heating and cooling load reduction Daylight potential

Additional Studies

Evaluated mechanical system performance Packaged DX RTUs w/ VAV boxes Packaged DX RTUs w/ UFAD Exhaust air energy recovery Demand controlled ventilation

Final Energy Cost Savings = 45.11%

Source: Integrated Architecture

Energy Conservation Measures

Significant envelope improvements Wall = R-25 Roof = R-30 WWR = 19.5% Glass: U-0.4, SHGC = 0.29, 0.21 (frit) Roof monitors; 1% of roof area

Lighting: LED, occupancy sensors, daylight harvesting Average installed LPD = 0.46 W/SF

Energy Conservation Measures

93% efficient service water heaters Low-flow fixtures = 45% reduction in hot

water demand Packaged RTUs w/ UFAD

Nothing “special” 94.5% efficient condensing boiler

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ener

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Predicted Elec Predicted NG Normalized Elec Normalized NG

Find Median EUI

Median EUI

Office in Grand Rapids, Michigan Zip Code = 49504 72,300 SF Operation = 65 hours/week # of computers = 159 # of people = 166

FORM 2 - ENERGY CALCULATIONS FOR AS DESIGNED RATING

Modeled Standardized Energy Use Information and Rating Calculation Annual Energy Use

by Fuel Type Value Units Conversion Factor Site Energy - kBtu Source-Site Ratio Source Energy

(kBtu) Electricity 412680 kWH 3.413 1,408,477 3.34 4,704,313

Natural Gas 15100 Therm 100 1,510,000 1.047 1,580,970

Fuel Oil 12 0 1.01 0

LPG kBTU 1 0 1.01 0

Steam kBTU 1 0 1.21 0

Hot Water kBTU 1 0 1.28 0

Chilled Water kBTU 1 0 1.05 0

Wood / Biomass kBTU 1 0 1.0 0

Coal/Coke kBTU 1 0 1.0 0

Other kBTU 0 1.0 0

TOTAL BUILDING ENERGY USE 2,918,477 6,285,283

Qualified Renewable Energy 0 1.0 0

Percent Qualified Upstream Renewable Energy: 0%

NET ENERGY USE 2,918,477 6,285,283

Gross Floor Area 87,104

Modeled Standardized EUIs (kBtu/ft2-yr) Site EUI: 33.5 Source EUI: 72.2

Building Type Office Median EUI: 241.2

BuildingEQ Rating A- Very Good (Source/Median)*100: 29.9

Additional Modeled Standardized Electrical Information

Modeled Peak Electric Demand (kW) 157 Month of Peak: July

As Design Conclusions

Easy to do for LEED projects

If not LEED, may require 1+ weeks to model design

Limited building types

bEQ In Operation

Process

Obtain 12-18 months of utility data

Owner survey / questionnaire

ASHRAE Level 1 walk through

Documentation

Follow-up

Utility Data

Request access from owner Online access Copies from accounting department Other sources?

Maintain data in Portfolio Manager

Owner Survey

General Questions Has any commissioning activity been

completed?

Is any mechanical equipment no longer in use?

What is the typical usage schedule for the building in a normal week?

Owner Survey

Thermal Comfort

Identify areas that are uncomfortable

Identify areas with drafts or high airspeeds

Identify area with humidity concerns

Owner Survey

Interior Lighting

Identify areas with too much or too little light

Identify areas with glare

Owner Survey

Acoustics Identify areas with potential background

noise

Identify areas that lack acoustical privacy

Owner Survey

System Operation Identify systems that have been troublesome

to operate

Identify systems that require unusual amounts of service

Calibrate to owner’s expectations

ASHRAE Level 1 Audit

Basic walkthrough of building Focuses on visible

elements and major components

May lead to Level 2 or

Level 3 audits

ASHRAE Level 1 Audit

Main goals Interview with owner/operator

Identify no-cost or low-cost enhancements

Identify higher cost items for future studies

Provide energy benchmark Helps confirm success of enhancements

Data Collection

For a variety of locations in the building:

Air flow and velocity Foot-candle level Air Temperatures Surface Temperatures Relative Humidity TVOC CO2 CO Sound Pressure

Analysis

Is the building operating as intended? It’s easy to reduce energy by sacrificing

thermal comfort or indoor air quality

What end-uses are significantly different from predicted or reference building?

Analysis

What is In Operation Rating?

Identify likely candidates for building enhancement Cost estimates for enhancements

Documentation

bEQ In Operation Workbook

Metered Utility Data

Project photos

Normalized Baseline

Workbook adjusts CBECS Source EUI

Weather Based on actual HDD & CDD

Location; using climate zone Occupancy

Actual HDD & CDD found at:

http://www.degreedays.net

Follow-up

Provide owner bEQ report Results Suggestions for improvement

Second bEQ submittal 24 months later

Case Study

Case Study

Utility data: receive from accounting department for first 5 years of operation

Scheduled walkthrough for January 2015 Data collection Visual inspection

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Actual Elec Actual NG Predicted Elec Predicted NG

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Snow covering roof monitor; impeding daylight harvesting? Good window and roof insulation though!

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This exhaust duct serves the nearby copy room and is very noisy. It’s hard to see in this photo, but there are a number of elbows, bends, and reductions to avoid structural elements, all directly above the bank of conference rooms. The increased sound pressure level also noticeable further away near the open office space.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Blocked Daylight and Glare LEFT: This is the public entrance to the Community Room, used for a variety of functions. The wood walls on the right block most of the incoming daylight. RIGHT: the community room. Glare source near courtyard (at right in picture)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Complex lighting control Community Room lighting controls are a bit complex. No complaints were noted from the owner about this in particular, but this as affixed to the wall near the controls. This is not the worst example ever seen, but can be challenging for occupants to properly use

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Snow for thermal imaging Winter assessments have their advantages. On the left is the roof where there was no evident hot spots (other than around equipment) where the snow was melting. On the right, the snow all around the foundation of the main façade had notably melted back from the wall.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Wasted fenestration This conference room, the “Treehouse” has lots of fenestration- too much, in fact. The owner and occupants noted that this space is hard to control for temperature and gets far too bright unless the shades are nearly entirely drawn (and the shades are almost always drawn at least this low). And yet, the lights were still on in this daylight controlled space, with footcandle levels on the table well in excess of recommendations (hard to tell how bright it is due to this being from a cell camera phone that is overexposed due to glare). A lesson in less fenestration sometimes being preferable. Road noise from the elevated freeway bridge was also noticeable and registered on the sound level meter.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Mind the gap The envelope on this building, such as interface with curtainwall and normal wall, did not have many examples of gaps or poor connection. However, most of the steel exit/entry doors did have noticeable gaps. Infiltration could be felt by hand, and the photo above tries to show the gap, though not as easily as it could be seen in person.

FORM 1 - BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FOR IN OPERATION RATING Building Name: Sample Assessment Date: 1/15/2015

Address: Sample

City: Grand Rapids State/Prov: Michigan Zip/Post: 49504

Building Owner: Sample Owner Building Type: Administrative/professional office

Building Contact/Title: Sample Owner Contact Phone:

Address: Sample Address E-mail:

City: Grand Rapids State/Prov: Michigan Zip/Post: 49504

Assessor/Company: Alexander Skillman/Energy Studio, Inc. Phone: 888-503-7591

Address: 12925 W Dodge Road E-mail: askillman@energystudioinc.com

City: Omaha State/Prov: Nebraska Zip/Post: 68154

Climate Data

DOE Climate Zone: 5A HDD65: 7487 CDD50: 2805 Period of Data: 12/17/2013-12/17/2014

Source of Climate Data: http://academic.udayton.edu/kissock/http/Weather/citylistUS.htm; www.degreedays.net

Building Characteristics

Gross Floor Area (ft2): 72,300 Total Conditioned Area (ft2): 58,900

Conditioned Area, heated only (ft2): 0 Conditioned Area, cooled only (ft2): 0

Number of Conditioned Floors: 2 Floors Above Grade: 2 Floors Below Grade: 0

Original Year of Construction: 2013 Hours of Operation: Average

Brief Building Description: This building serves as the headquarters building for a Rockford Construction, a construction services provider based in Grand Rapids, MI.

FORM 2 - ENERGY CALCULATIONS FOR IN OPERATION RATING

Utility Information and Rating Calculation

Annual Energy Use by Fuel Type Value Units Conversion

Factor Site Energy - kBtu Source-Site Ratio Source Energy (kBtu)

Billed Energy Cost - $$

Electricity 453,000 kWH 3.413 1,546,089 3.14 4,854,719 $52,082

Natural Gas 42,642 CCF 103 4,392,126 1.05 4,611,732 $34,034

Fuel Oil 0 1.01 0

LPG U.S. Gallon 91.6 0 1.01 0

Steam 1000 lb 1000 0 1.21 0

Hot Water kBTU 1 0 1.28 0

Chilled Water Ton-Hour 12 0 1.05 0

Wood / Biomass Ton 0 1.0 0

Coal/Coke Ton 25400 0 1.0 0

Other kBTU 0 1.0 0

TOTAL BUILDING ENERGY USE 5,938,215 9,466,452 Qualified Renewable Energy 0 1.0 0

Percent Qualified Upstream Renewable Energy: 0%

NET ENERGY USE 5,938,215 9,466,452 $86,117

Gross Floor Area 72,300

Metered Building EUIs (kBtu/ft2-yr) Site EUI: 82 Source EUI: 131

Building Type Administrative/professional office Source Median EUI: 174

BuildingEQ Rating B Efficient (Source/Median)*100 75

B IN OPERATION

In Operation

A- AS DESIGNED

Next Steps

Re-evaluate the daylight harvesting system Are the set points correct? Are lamps allowed to dim and shutoff correctly?

Reviewing controls; why is there cooling occurring during heating season?

Address VOC issue near workshop

Contact Us! Amanda Bogner abogner@energystudioinc.com Alexander Skillman askillman@energystudioinc.com 1-888-503-7591