asia's contribution to global economic development and stability: proceedings of adbi's annual...

8/8/2019 Asia's Contribution to Global Economic Development and Stability: Proceedings of ADBI's Annual Conference 2008

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Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sfDhfekh MjfofnijCmpmhfqnmos koc Zskeihisy

Kziko Cmpmhfqnmos Ekob Iozsis}sm( Sfbyf( Gkqko

Koo}kh Jfo`mumojm

511


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Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sfDhfekh Mjfofnij

Cmpmhfqnmos koc Zskeihisy

Koo}kh Jfo`mumojm 511 Gko}kuy( N3 > Kquih( N4 > G}hy( N;1 > Fjsfemu/

Zf}ujm7 Hfzmu ,5119)/ Ekzmc fo Iosmuoksifokh Nfomskuy @}oc Jfnnfcisy Quijmz/

@id}um ;/37 O}nemu f Omt Kosi.C}nqiod Nmkz}umz

Zf}ujm7 Tfuhc Ekob ,5119)/


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;1 Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sf Dhfekh Mjfofnij Cmpmhfqnmos koc Zskeihisy

:/ Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sf slm Dhfekh Sukciod Zyzsmn

Slm zmjfoc zmzzifo hffbmc zqmjijkhhy ks slmzm koc fslmu izz}mz kjiod slm

dhfekh sukciod zyzsmn/ @mkuz f qufsmjsifoizn kum uim/ Slm o}nemu f kosi.c}nqiod nmkz}umz umdizsmumc tisl slm TSF iojumkzmc io slm zmjfoc lkh f511


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Fpmupimt ;;

Io slm uzs qkqmu( Iobyf Jlmfod( G}oduko Jlf( koc Zm}odymfo Gmfod kud}mslks Kziko umdifokhizn lkz iocmmc jfnqhmnmosmc slm n}hsihksmukh zyzsmn( koc(io zfnm umzqmjsz( lkz z}uqkzzmc is/ Jlmfod koc liz jf.k}slfuz qfios sf slm u}hmz

f fuidio io slm Kzik Qkjij Sukcm Kdummnmos kz ko m|knqhm f dfiod emyfocj}uumos zskockucz/ K }uslmu jlkukjsmuizsij f Kziko umdifokhizn iz slks umdifokhkdummnmosz tmum dmomukhhy jfojh}cmc io k umhksipmhy zlfus sinm uknm koc sl}zkqqhimc slm u}hmz khumkcy mzskehizlmc }ocmu slm n}hsihksmukh zyzsmn/

Fo slm fslmu lkoc( slm k}slfuz kud}m slks umdifokhizn jko khzf hmkc sf khkjb f cimumosiksifo io sukcm u}hmz emstmmo umm sukcm kdummnmosz ,@SKz)koc slm n}hsihksmukhhy zms nfzs kpfumc oksifoz/ Nmkz}umz smoc sf em zf niofukz sf em k ciziojmosipm sf e}ziomzzmz sf kjs }ocmu slm @SK/ Iocmmc( slm qkqmu

qfiosz sf slm kjs slks slm KZMKO @SKz qummumojmz kum ofs emiod ticmhy }zmc(ukodiod ufn ;;/5- sf =- io Slkihkoc koc Nkhkyzik( stf lidlhy f}stkucfuimosmc jf}osuimz ,Bktki koc Tidokukgk 511


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sf umdifokhizn( slm qufjmzz f mjfofnij iosmduksifo koc dhfekhiwksifo iz zmmokz jumksiod k p}homukeihisy sf fslmu jf}osuimz/ Io sliz kumk( lftmpmu( Kzik jkohmkc slm tfuhc ey zlftiod lft jfnqufnizm koc qksimojm jko em }zmc kz k

sffh fu nfpiod futkuc/

3/ Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sf Dhfekh Q}ehij Dffcz

Slm sliuc zmzzifo cmkhs tisl q}ehij dffcz io z}qqfus f z}zskiokehm duftsl/Io s}ue}hmos mjfofnij sinmz( is iz smnqsiod sf zlmhpm zfnm jfojmuoz kz emiodh}|}uy ismnz/ Slm innmciksm jko z}qqhkos slm inqfuskos/ Tisl dfpmuonmos

qufduknz io z}qqfus f sk| j}sz koc umeksmz emjfniod nfum hibmhy( kssmosifon}zs ofs em cipmusmc ufn qufduknz fu qmfqhm koc izz}mz io ommc f jfosio}mcdfpmuonmos z}qqfus( z}jl kz slm qffu koc slm mopiufonmos/

Lftmpmu( slmzm qufduknz kum jfniod }ocmu iojumkziod qumzz}um/ @fum|knqhm( slmum lkz emmo mujm cmeksm io K}zsukhik fpmu isz qufqfzmc mnizzifozhmdizhksifo tisl skhb f qfzsqfomnmos fu mpmo kekocfonmos/ Slm jf}osuyzhmkciod ioc}zsuy duf}q umqumzmosiod nko}kjs}uiod( modiommuiod( kocjfozsu}jsifo unz emhimpmz slks sliz jkuefo sukciod zjlmnm( fuidiokhhy zms

sf em iosufc}jmc io G}hy 51;1( zlf}hc em qfzsqfomc sf ks hmkzs 51;5/ Is umjmoshykoof}ojmc slks slm 51;1 sinmskehm lkzemjfnm }oumkhizsij emjk}zm f slminqkjsz f slm dhfekh okojikh juiziz ,Du}emh 51197 ;)/ Fslmu ioc}zsuy kochkefu duf}qz kjufzz slm dhfem kum iojumkziodhy jkhhiod fu k cmjmhmuksifo f slmzfjikh kdmock f}szicm izz}mz ciumjshy umhksmc sf slm dhfekh zhftcfto/

Sliz iz jumksiod ko ksnfzqlmum f }ojmuskiosy tlmo jhkuisy fo qfhijy kocquijmz iz tlks iz ommcmc oft/ Iocmmc( }ompmo inqhmnmosksifo f zjkh zsin}h}z(

jfneiomc tisl slm jfosio}mc }ojmuskiosy jumksmc ey slm mjfofnij juiziz kocslm z}zskiokeihisy f umjfpmuy( lkz jfnqf}ocmc uizb( cknqiod iopmzsnmos/Lftmpmu( is iz nmkz}umz z}jl kz slm ioofpksifo um{}iumc fu k hft.jkuefomjfofny slks jko em ko mmjsipm zsin}hkos sf umkh duftsl ,Zsidhisw koc Zsmuo5119)/ K tky f}s f slm j}uumos zhftcfto slks z}qqfusz z}zskiokehm duftslum{}iumz nkbiod slm iopmzsnmosz omjmzzkuy sf nfpm zfjimsy sf k hft.jkuefomjfofny/ Slmzm iopmzsnmosz jf}hc cuipm duftsl fpmu slm om|s stf sf slummcmjkcmz/ Slm Qmsmuzfo Iozsis}sm umqfusz slks zqmociod ]Z#;1 eihhifo sf ioz}hksm

]Z lfnmz koc mcmukh e}ihciodz jf}hc jumksm koc z}zskio }q sf ;11(111 gfezemstmmo 5119 koc 51;;( tlihm zkpiod slm mjfofny ufn ]Z#;/3 eihhifo sf]Z#:/; eihhifo k ymku emstmmo 51;5 koc 5151 ,Lf}zmu 5119)/ Tisl ichm umzf}ujmzio zf nkoy mjfofnimz( slm fqqfus}oisy jfzs f kjsifo iz {}ism hft/ Sliz iz ko


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Fpmupimt ;:

fqqfus}om sinm sf nmms slm jlkhhmodmz slm tfuhc kjmz io nmmsiod slm ommczfu ekzij iopmzsnmos juisijkh sf hfod.u}o z}zskiokehm cmpmhfqnmos/

Slm jfojmqs f z}zskiokehm cmpmhfqnmos tkz jfiomc m|qhijishy sf z}ddmzs

slks is tkz qfzziehm sf kjlimpm mjfofnij duftsl koc ioc}zsuikhiwksifo tislf}smopiufonmoskh cknkdm/ Io slm moz}iod cmjkcmz( nkiozsumkn z}zskiokehmcmpmhfqnmos sliobiod lkz emmo qufdumzzipmhy cmpmhfqmc sluf}dl slm TfuhcJfozmupksifo Zsuksmdy ,Jfnnizzifomc ey slm ]oismc Oksifoz R]O^ io ;9


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cmpmhfqnmos io k zfjikhhy z}zskiokehm nkoomu/ Qfpmusy iz k qkusij}hkuhy cij}hsl}uchm io kjlimpiod sliz fegmjsipm dipmo slm kqksly koc iocimumojm sf slm qfhisijkhqufjmzz fsmo m|qmuimojmc ey slm qffu( e}s umc}jiod qfpmusy tislf}s k jlkodm

sftkuc k nfum qfzisipm qfhisijkh f}shffb tihh ofs em mof}dl/ Zfjikhhy z}zskiokehmcmpmhfqnmos n}zs iojh}cm zksizkjsfuy qfhisijkh nmjlkoiznz koc kuukodmnmoszzf slks ko kqqufquiksm syqm koc cmdumm f cmnfjukjy jko em iozsis}smc/

Dffc dfpmuokojm io slm q}ehij zmjsfu iz fsmo fpmuhffbmc io nfzs cizj}zzifozf zfjikhhy z}zskiokehm cmpmhfqnmos( yms jfuu}qsifo jf}hc em fom f slm nfzsjuisijkh kjsfuz io}mojiod hfod.smun duftsl koc cmpmhfqnmos/ @ufn slmm|izsiod cksk koc iofunksifo( k zsufod umhksifozliq lkz emmo zlfto sfm|izs emstmmo k jf}osuyz hmpmh f cmpmhfqnmos koc jfuu}qsifo/ Slmumfum(

kosijfuu}qsifo mfusz zlf}hc em knfod slm nfzs }udmos quifuisimz fu Kzikojf}osuimz io slmiu mfusz sf kjlimpm z}zskiokehm cmpmhfqnmos/

Bufodbkmt zsksmz slks ummcfn ufn qfpmusy himz emstmmo slm ekzij uidlszf slm iocipic}khz fto qmuzfo koc slm uidlsz f slm zfjimsy sf hipm sfdmslmu/@ummcfn ufn qfpmusy zsumodslmoz koc nkbmz k zfjimsy mjfofnijkhhy kocj}hs}ukhhy z}zskiokehm/ Slm lidlmzs fun f l}nko uidlsz iz slm uidls sf jumksm(cmpmhfq( koc mogfy fomz fto j}hs}ukh koc zqiuis}kh himzsyhm/ Z}zskiokehm hfod.u}o cmpmhfqnmos( slmumfum( n}zs zsuipm sf kjlimpm sliz hmpmh f l}nko uidlsz/

Jf}osuimz io Kzik kum zsihh zsuipiod sf ksskio k zfjikhhy z}zskiokehm qkslf cmpmhfqnmos koc sliz tihh fohy emjfnm nfum cij}hs io slm innmciksm}s}um/ Bufodbkmt kud}mz slks tlks iz nfzs ommcmc uidls oft iz nfum slkoslm jfuumjs jlfijm f mjfofnij qfhijimz ,nkubms.ekzmc qlihfzfqlimz tihh skbmjkum f slks)( e}s k jfuumjs qfhisijkh zyzsmn tlmum qmfqhm mogfy ekzij qfhisijkhkoc l}nko uidlsz( }hhy }ocmuzskociod slm su}m oks}um f cmnfjukjy/ Efslslm qfhisijkh koc jfuqfuksm zmjsfuz ommc sf modkdm io kiu qhky koc kjs io kzfjikhhy umzqfoziehm nkoomu/

Io liz umnkubz fo slm qkqmu( Kuzmoif Ekhizkjko kdummc tisl slm ommc sfm|qkoc slm jfojmqs f z}zskiokehm cmpmhfqnmos sf iojh}cm qfhisijkh qufjmzzmz(j}hs}um( koc mslijz( e}s {}mzsifomc isz keihisy sf iofun juisijkh qfhijy jlfijmz(mzqmjikhhy knfod umzf}ujm.qffu jf}osuimz/ Lm qfiosz f}s slks skbiod k eufkcmu

pimt f iojfnm nmkz}umz( mpicmojm kjufzz jf}osuimz ks slm z}e.oksifokh hmpmhzlftz slks slmum iz }z}khhy of ciumjs jfuumzqfocmojm emstmmo iojfnm kocm|qmocis}um nmkz}umz( fo slm fom lkoc( koc l}nko cmpmhfqnmos koc zfjikh

f}sjfnmz( fo slm fslmu/ Iocmmc( slm lmsmufdmomisy f slm umzqfozm iz slm nfzsjfozizsmos umhksifozliq emstmmo qfpmusy umc}jsifo koc duftsl( mpmo emstmmojf}osuimz f zinihku iojfnm hmpmhz/ Sliz( Ekhizkjko kud}mz( iz k bmy mks}um fslm cmpmhfqnmos m|qmuimojm/


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Fpmupimt ;=

Qfpmusy koc iom{}khisy kum n}hsicinmozifokh jfojmqsz/ Slm bmy jlkhhmodmzfu zfjimsy kum sf cmsmuniom tlijl qfhijy hmpmuz kum um{}iumc sf euiod kef}s efslz}zskiomc duftsl koc qfpmusy umc}jsifo/ Is iz inqfuskos sf qky kssmosifo sf slm

cmskihz/ Ekhizkjko qfiosz f}s slks fu k qkusij}hku jf}osuy( is iz slm iom{}khisytislio duf}qz slks syqijkhhy kjjf}osz fu n}jl f slm iom{}khisy( koc sliz izslm jkzm fu Kziko jf}osuimz kz tmhh/ Lm kud}mz slks sf inqufpm slm zqksikhcizqkuisimz slks fsmo kjjfnqkoy slm cmpmhfqnmos qufjmzz( quifuisy zlf}hcem dipmo sf inqufpiod nkubms hiobz sf khhft dumksmu kjsfu nfeihisy/ Lm khzfzsksmz slks ey inqufpiod slm zfjikh zmupijmz io k umdifoqkusij}hkuhy mc}jksifokoc lmkhslhkddiod umdifoz jko jksjl }q/

Io slm okh qkqmu f sliz zmzzifo( Nksslikz U}sl cizj}zzmz slm nkgfu

jlkhhmodmz io Kzikz cmsmunioksifo sf cmpmhfq khfod ko mopiufonmoskhhyz}zskiokehm qksl/ Slmzm jlkhhmodmz kum7 ,i) qfq}hksifo duftsl( mzqmjikhhy io}ueko kumkz2 ,ii) slm duftiod jfosuie}sifo f Kziko mjfofnimz sf dhfekh jhinksmjlkodm2 koc ,iii) slm pijif}z jiujhm f }ziod duftsl sf zfhpm slm pmuy qufehmnzduftsl iz jk}ziod/ Emstmmo 511= koc 51:1( Kzikz }ueko qfq}hksifo iz m|qmjsmcsf duft ey fpmu 41-( tisl jf}osuimz hibm Pims Okn( Qkbizsko( koc Jknefcikm|qmuimojiod duftsl io m|jmzz f ;11-/

Sliz lkz ticmu inqhijksifoz slko fu zfjikh qfhijimz koc nkzz sukozis khfom/

Kz efsl nkio jfosuie}sfuz sf koc pijsinz f jhinksm jlkodm( jisimz ommc sfcmpmhfq mmjsipm qfhijimz sf nisidksm koc kckqs sf jlkodiod jfocisifoz/ Slizkqqhimz qkusij}hkuhy sf p}homukehm kumkz slks iojh}cm kduij}hs}ukh qufc}jsifo(ioukzsu}js}um io jfkzskh wfomz( tksmu z}qqhy koc sumksnmos zyzsmnz( kcm{}ksmkoc umhikehm momudy z}qqhimz( koc q}ehij lmkhsl/ Tlihm fslmu umdifoz io slmtfuhc kjm fom fu nfum f slmzm jlkhhmodmz( Kzik kjmz khh f slmn/ Dipmo slks

Kzik iz fom f slm nfzs kmjsmc umdifoz io sliz c}kh qufehmn( is iz io k }oi{}mqfzisifo sf skbm slm hmkc io cmzidoiod mmjsipm zfh}sifoz/

Slm qkqmu dfmz fo sf kud}m slks slmum iz k cimumojm emstmmo mjfofnijduftsl koc mjfofnij cmpmhfqnmos( yms slm stf kum fsmo eh}uumc io q}ehijcizjf}uzm koc qfhijy cmeksm/ Duftsl syqijkhhy ummuz sf ziwm koc( tisl umzqmjssf mjfofnij kjsipisy( iz fsmo nmkz}umc kz jlkodmz io dufzz cfnmzsij qufc}js/Cmpmhfqnmos( fo slm fslmu lkoc( inqhimz {}khisksipm inqufpmnmosz koclkz hmzz tmhh.cmomc nmkz}umz kzzfjiksmc tisl is/ Slm k}slfu z}ddmzsz stfkhsmuoksipm nmkz}umz fu cmpmhfqnmos7 slm Dmo}iom Qufdumzz Iocijksfu koc

slm mjfhfdijkh ffsquios/ G}zs kz slm hkzs qkqmu kud}mc slks kssmnqsiod sf nmkz}um z}zskiokehmcmpmhfqnmos f}szicm slm jfosm|s f qfhisijkh z}zskiokeihisy tihh khh zlfus fslm nkub( U}sl kud}mz slks kssmnqsiod sf kccumzz jhinksm jlkodm tislf}s


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kccumzziod m|izsiod zfjikh koc mjfofnij jfocisifoz tihh hibmtizm hmkc sf}opikehm zfh}sifoz/

Iozsmkc f hffbiod ks slm izz}mz f jhinksm jlkodm koc mjfofnij duftsl

kz mislmufu ioisiksipmz( U}sl kud}mz slks slm iosmukjsifo f slm stf qufpicmznkoy nfum fqqfus}oisimz slko fezskjhmz/ Slm ukqic zfjifmjfofnij jlkodmzskbiod qhkjm io Kzik qufpicm k jlkojm sf zlkqm umzf}ujm }zm koc qufnfsm kemssmu {}khisy f him fu qmfqhm kz tmhh kz slm mjfzyzsmn/ Slm pimt n}zs jlkodmufn zmmiod umzf}ujmz kz emiod cipmusmc ufn mjfofnij duftsl kjsipisimz(sf }ocmuzskociod slks slmy kum emiod iopmzsmc io smjlofhfdijkh cmpmhfqnmosfqqfus}oisimz/ Io kccisifo( k hkjb f z}jl iopmzsnmos io jhinksm jlkodmnisidksifo mfusz tihh umz}hs io slm jfzshy }zm f qumjif}z umzf}ujmz cfto

slm hiomfsmo io fucmuz f nkdois}cm n}jl hkudmu slko ioisikh iopmzsnmosznidls moskih/ Ofs modkdiod io kckqsksifo mfusz nmkoz omdhmjsiod m|izsiod

p}homukeihisimz sf jhinksm pkdkuimz/Slm qkqmu jfojh}cmz ey fmuiod slumm umjfnnmocksifoz/ Slm uzs iz sf

iojumkzm zfjikh jkqiskh io jisimz sf lmhq cmpmhfq jfqiod nmjlkoiznz fu slmjlkhhmodmz f jhinksm inqkjs/ Zmjfoc( umc}jm dummolf}zm dkz mnizzifoz eyinqufpiod momudy mjimojy( kz tmhh kz zsmnniod slm iuumpmuziehm hfzz f pkh}kehmkzzmsz/ @iokhhy( }qdukcm m|izsiod ioukzsu}js}um koc iozsis}sifokh qufjmc}umz

sf cmkh tisl slm jhinksm jlkodm umz}hsiod ufn qkzs kjsipisimz/Io liz jfnnmosz fo U}slz qkqmu( Bkw}liuf ]msk kud}mz slks tlihm slmzm

umjfnnmocksifoz kum lidlhy smokehm( mmjsipm inqhmnmosksifo jko em hmzzfusljfniod/ K nkgfu mhc f iopmzsidksifo io mopiufonmoskh mjfofnijz izslm ommc sf iosmduksm mopiufonmoskh jfozmupksifo tisl mjfofnij duftsl/Cmkhiod tisl sliz z}qqfzmc sukcm.f lkz fjj}qimc mopiufonmoskh mjfofnizszkoc qfhijy nkbmuz khibm fu slm qkzs {}kusmu jmos}uy/

Fom tky sf kqqufkjl slm sfqij iz sluf}dl slm zf jkhhmc cmjf}qhiod qfhijy/Jfojmqsz z}uuf}ociod cmjf}qhiod jko em jhkzzimc iosf stf duf}qz/ Slmuzs( tlijl iojh}cmz slm cmnksmuikhiwksifo slmfuy( jhkinz slks cmjf}qhiodmopiufonmoskh inqkjsz koc duftsl jko em kjjfnqhizlmc sluf}dl smjlofhfdijkhioofpksifo/ Slm cmnksmuikhiwksifo slmfuy cmkhz tisl tkyz sf umc}jm slm knf}osf nksmuikhz }zmc io slm qufc}jsifo f dffcz koc zmupijmz sluf}dl pkuif}zsmjlofhfdijkh kcpkojmz/

Slm zmjfoc duf}q iz jmosmumc fo zsu}js}ukh umfun( kz m|mnqhimc ey

mjfhfdijkh sk| umfun/ Lidlmu sk| uksmz fo momudy iojumkzm umpmo}m slks jkoslmo em }zmc sf umc}jm slm zfjikh e}ucmo f z}jl k sk|/ Slmzm syqmz f sk|umfunz dmomuksm k zf jkhhmc cf}ehm cipicmoc( oknmhy fom cipicmoc ufnmomudy zkpiodz koc slm qfzziehm inqms}z sf cmpmhfq khsmuoksipm momudy( koc


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Fpmupimt ;4

kofslmu cipicmoc ufn slm m|qkozifo f zfjikh qufduknz/ ]msk jfojh}cmz ey}udiod slmfumsijkh koc mnqiuijkh umzmkujlmuz sf gfio fujmz io cmpmhfqiod kn}hsi.hmpmh mopiufonmoskh dfpmuokojm kdmock/

=/ Lft jko Cmpmhfqmc koc Cmpmhfqiod Jf}osuimz TfubSfdmslmu sf Skjbhm slm Eid Mjfofnij CmpmhfqnmosIzz}mz6

Slm jfomumojm mocmc tisl k qkomh cizj}zzifo fo lft cmpmhfqiod koc cmpmhfqmcjf}osuimz jko tfub sfdmslmu sf zfhpm slm nkgfu mjfofnij izz}mz f slm cky(

ofskehy slm Cflk Cmpmhfqnmos Uf}oc }ocmu slm TSF( dhfekh tkuniod( kocslm j}uumos mjfofnij koc okojikh juiziz/ Mzzmosikhhy( z}zskiokeihisy iz slm bmysf }s}um duftsl( mmjsipm dhfekh dfpmuokojm( koc hfod.smun dhfekhiwksifo/Is tkz dmomukhhy kjbofthmcdmc slks slm Kziko @SKz jf}hc mkzihy em e}ihs kzk jfnqhmnmoskuy qufjmzz sf slm TSF koc qmulkqz zmupm kz k nmjlkoiznsf g}nq zskus slmzm omdfsiksifoz/ E}s( sliz zlf}hc em skbmo io jfog}ojsifotisl slm ommc fu cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimz sf cmpmhfq lidl.moc pkh}m.kccmcqufc}jsifo/ Tlihm ffc zmj}uisy( momudy zmj}uisy( koc mopiufonmoskh zmj}uisy

tmum khh zmmo kz jfnn}okh izz}mz kjufzz slm tfuhc( is tkz kjbofthmcdmc slkstlihm slm dhfekh juiziz tkz zsihh io }hh ztiod( jf}osuimz kssmosifoz tf}hc emfj}zmc fo mnmudiod ufn sliz juiziz tisl slmiu mjfofnij zmj}uisy ioskjs/ Isiz qmulkqz io sliz umkhn slks slm hkudmzs kcpkojm io cmpmhfqiod.cmpmhfqmcjf}osuy jffqmuksifo jf}hc em nkcm( koc Kzik iz io slm emzs qfzisifo sf skbmk hmkciod ufhm io slks jlkodm/

Ummumojmz

KCE/ 5119k/ Bmy Cmpmhfqnmosz io Kziko Hfjkh J}uumojy Nkubmsz/KzikoEfoczFohiom Tmmbhy Cmes Lidlhidlsz ,G}hy)/ Kpkihkehm7 lssq7kzikoefoczfohiom/kce/fudomtzhmssmuzkeftcl511914;:/qc ,kjjmzzmc ;= G}hy 5119)/

/ 5119e/ Slm Inqkjs f slm Dhfekh Mjfofnij Zhftcfto fo Zf}sl Kzik/ Kpkihkehm7lssq7ttt/kce/fudNmcikKusijhmz5119;5


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II

Bmyofsm ;9

I jfnnmoc slm jlfijm f sfqij fu sliz ymkuz jfomumojm7 Kzikz jfosuie}sifosf dhfekh mjfofnij cmpmhfqnmos koc zskeihisy/ Zskeihisy iz k dhfekh q}ehij dffckoc oftkckyz is iz io pmuy zlfus z}qqhy( sf zky slm hmkzs/ Sf qkukqlukzm Gflo@/ Bmoomcy( is iz slm sinm sf kzb ofs tlks mjfofnij zskeihisy jko cf fu yf}(e}s tlks yf} jko cf fu is/

I jkoofs umnmnemu k sinm tlmo slm zmozm f jfnnfokhisy tkz kz lidl kz is izoft knfodzs jf}osuimz qkusijiqksiod io slm tfuhc mjfofny/ Is iz su}hy umnkubkehmslks qfhijynkbmuz jfniod ufn cimumos ekjbduf}ocz koc z}egmjs sf cimumosqfhisijkh jfozsukiosz lkpm emmo kehm sf kdumm ks slm umjmos Duf}q f Stmosy ,D51)nmmsiod io Tkzliodsfo fo k zms f quiojiqhmz sf umzqfoc sf slm juiziz/

Lftmpmu( zmpmukh izz}mz umhksiod sf slm j}uumos juiziz ommc kssmosifo/ I tihhfj}z fo7Slmzlfus.smunumzqfozm(

Slmhfodmu.smunizz}mz(koc

Slmiozsis}sifokhcinmozifo/

;/ Slm Zlfus.Smun Umzqfozm

Slm zqmmc ks tlijl qfhijy sliobiod lkz mpfhpmc io umjmos nfoslz iz zsuibiod/

Nkoy f slm nmkz}umz skbmo fpmu slm hkzs ymku tmum }osliobkehm emfum ;1K}d}zs 5114 koc nkoy f slfzm iosufc}jmc io umjmos tmmbz tmum }osliobkehmemfum ;= Zmqsmnemu 511


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51 Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sf Dhfekh Mjfofnij Cmpmhfqnmos koc Zskeihisy

; Zklk koc pfo Tmiwzjbmu ,511


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Bmyofsm 5;

nkgfu e}cdmskuy qufdukn koc Gkqko koc slm Umq}ehij f Bfumk lkpm khzfnfpmc sftkuc qufpiciod z}qqfus/

Tlks tm kum hibmhy sf zmm iz( fo slm tlfhm( k ukslmu }ompmo umhikojm fo

zjkh z}qqfus/ Sliz jko em umdkucmc kz k oks}ukh cmpmhfqnmos kz hfod kz slmnkdois}cm f slm zsin}h}z iz uf}dlhy jfnnmoz}uksm tisl slm nkdois}cm fslm zlfjb/ Ksmu khh( ofs khh jf}osuimz kum kmjsmc sf slm zknm cmdumm/ Slm]Z lkz emmo lis n}jl lkucmu slko slm fslmu nkgfu jf}osuimz( koc tlmumkzM}ufqm z}mumc ciumjshy ufn slm okojikh juiziz( fu Kzik slm sukcm jlkoomhiz nfum inqfuskos/

Lftmpmu( slmum tf}hc em umkzfo fu tfuuy i umzqfozmz tmum sf cimu sff n}jlfu io k tky slks cfmz ofs jfuumzqfoc tisl mjfofnij umkhisimz/ Z}qqfusiod dhfekh

cmnkoc iz k jfnnfo dfkh koc is iz inqfuskos sf kpfic umm.uiciod emlkpifu/ Iz}jl emlkpifu tmum qmujmipmc sf em slm jkzm( dfpmuonmosz tf}hc nfzs qufekehyzlis sf z}qqhy.zicm nmkz}umz( dipiod qummumojm sf z}eziciwiod slmiu qufc}jmuzukslmu slko sf z}qqfusiod dhfekh cmnkoc/ Sliz smnqsksifo iz khumkcy piziehm/

Sliz euiodz nm sf slm kqqufquiksmomzz izz}m/ Slm hmzzfoz ufn lizsfuy kumpmuy jhmku7 io k nkgfu cftos}uo is iz f }snfzs inqfuskojm sf kpfic lkpiodumjf}uzm sf sukcm.cizsfusiod fu sukcm.umc}jiod nmkz}umz/ Sliz iz tly tm jkojfnnmoc slm jfnnisnmos sf sliz moc iojh}cmc io slm D51 jfnn}oi{} koc

slm nfum umjmos Duf}q f Zmpmo ,D4) qufof}ojmnmoskoc umdums slks zfnmjf}osuimz lkpm zskusmc cmqkusiod ufn is/

Slm cmpih iz io slm cmskihz koc slm smnqsksifo iz sf z}qqfus qufc}jmuz sluf}dlsukcm cmmozm( z}ezicimz( fu ofo.jffqmuksipm m|jlkodm.uksm qfhijimz/ Khumkcytm kum zmmiod zidoz f z}jl smnqsksifo fo khh slumm jfosiomosz( koc smnqsksifojko fohy duft kz slm umjmzzifo }ofhcz/ Sf em lfomzs( slmum iz nfum iopfhpmcslko g}zs smnqsksifo/ Dfpmuonmosz slks mnekub fo nkgfu e}cdmskuy z}qqfussf ekobz fu ofookojikh jfnqkoimz kum kjjf}oskehm sf cfnmzsij sk|qkymuzkef}s slm }zm f q}ehij nfomy( koc tm ommc sf umjfdoiwm slks slmum iz fusliz umkzfo k su}m smozifo emstmmo slm hfdij f cmnfjuksij kjjf}oskeihisykoc slm hfdij f mjfofnij iosmduksifo/ Zf k dffc zskus lkz emmo nkcm( e}sis iz ofs mof}dl/ Slm j}uumos juiziz tihh smzs mpmuy jf}osuyz jfnnisnmos sfiosmuoksifokh jffqmuksifo/

5/ Slm Hfodmu.Smun Kdmock7 Qfhijy Izz}mzCmko Kjlmzfo( tlf umqumzmosmc slm ]Z Zsksm Cmqkusnmos ks slm Eumssfo

Tffcz jfomumojm( ofsmc io liz nmnfiuz slks slm dmzsksifo qmuifc f slmzm


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kdummnmosz lkc emmo kef}s stijm kz hfod kz slks f ko mhmqlkos/ Iocmmc istkz io ;93; slks Bmyomz koc Lkuuy Cm|smu Tlism lkc mnekubmc }qfo slmcmzido f slm nfomskuy koc okojikh kujlismjs}um slks 33 jf}osuimz zidomc

}q sf io G}hy ;933/Sliz smhhz }z zfnmsliod kef}s slm hmpmh f kneisifo f slm cizj}zzifoz

ioisiksmc ks slm D51 z}nnis io Ofpmnemu/ I slm dfkh umkhhy iz sf ume}ihc slmf}ocksifoz f iosmuoksifokh okojikh zskeihisy( fom lkz sf zskus ufn k jhmkuicmk f tlks slm qufehmnz kum koc tlks slm hibmhy zfh}sifoz tihh em/ Fom khzfommcz sf kjjmqs slks slm qufjmzz f iosmuoksifokh umfun tihh skbm ymkuz ukslmuslko nfoslz( mzqmjikhhy kz slmum iz of dmomukhhy kjjmqsmc eh}mquios sf zskusufn/

Ks slm uizb f fpmuzsksmnmos( I tf}hc kud}m slks slm kdmock fuumd}hksfuy umfun iz( iosmhhmjs}khhy ks hmkzs( ukslmu zsukidlsfutkuc/ Nkoyf slm cmpmhfqnmosz slks lkpm hmc sf slm j}uumos juiziz jko em kssuie}smc sfqmupkzipm umd}hksfuy kih}um/ Mjfofnij slmfuympmos mjfofnijz ;1;smhhzyf} slks( io k tfuhc f inqmumjs iofunksifo( slm tky jfosukjsz kum cmzidomciz mzzmosikh fu cmsmunioiod kssis}cmz sftkuc uizb/ Slm zskockuc jfosukjsz fujumcis fuidioksifo( uksiod( koc m|mj}sipm qky( sf skbm fohy slumm m|knqhmz(tmum ef}oc sf jumksm qmupmuzm iojmosipmz sftkuc iokcm{}ksm uizb mpkh}ksifo

kocfu m|jmzzipm uizb.skbiod/Slm zfh}sifoz kum jmuskiohy ofs zmh.mpicmos/ Slmum kum cizj}zzifoz( fu

m|knqhm( emstmmo slfzm tlf ehknm kjjf}osiod zskockucz koc slfzm tlfehknm qu}cmosikh uksifz/ Slmum kum sukcm.fz iopfhpmc io slm jlfijm f umzqfozm(mzqmjikhhy emstmmo jfosufhhiod uizb koc fzsmuiod ioofpksifo/ Slmum kumiozsis}sifokh izz}mz/ Slmum iz slm iosmuoksifokh cinmozifo/ E}s ks hmkzs slmcikdofziz iz tmhh mzskehizlmc koc slm syqm f umzqfozm um{}iumc iz jhmku/

Lftmpmu( is tf}hc ofs em mof}dl sf kccumzz slm umd}hksfuy kih}umz fomey fom/ Umd}hksfuz cf ofs sliob io zyzsmnij smunz koc slmy smoc sf nizzjfuumhksifoz kjufzz uizbz/ Slm nfzs ofpmh koc jlkhhmodiod qkus f slm kdmockfu umfun iz tlks iz }z}khhy smunmc slm nkjuf.okojikh cinmozifo/ Slks iz(slm kzzmzznmos f koc umzqfozm sf slumksz sf okojikh zskeihisy slks kuizm ufnfpmukhh okojikh cmpmhfqnmosz }ocmu jmuskio nkjufmjfofnij jfocisifoz/

Fo sliz izz}m slmum iz n}jl hmzz jhkuisy/ Is iz smhhiod slks slm D51 jfnn}oi{}iz( q}uqfzmhy fu ofs( umnkubkehy pkd}m fo slm nkjufmjfofnij cinmozifo/

Slm bmy qkukdukql umkcz nkgfu }ocmuhyiod kjsfuz R///^ tmum( knfod fslmuz(iojfozizsmos koc ioz}jimoshy jffucioksmc nkjufmjfofnij qfhijimz( iokcm{}ksmzsu}js}ukh umfunz( tlijl hmc sf }oz}zskiokehm dhfekh nkjufmjfofnijf}sjfnmz ,D51 511


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Bmyofsm 5:

Slm kokhysijkh {}mzsifo fu mjfofnizsz iz stffhc7Tlmslmunfomskuyqfhijyioslm]Zzlf}hclkpmemmonfumumzsuijsipmkoc

tlmslmu sliz tf}hc lkpm lmhqmc sf kpfic ko m|jmzzipm uizm io kzzms quijmz(

kocTlmslmutlkstm}zmcsfjkhhdhfekhinekhkojmzjfosuie}smcsfjumksiod

slm qufehmn koc tlmslmu k hmzz jfnqhkjmos kssis}cm sftkuc slmn tf}hclkpm lmhqmc/

Slmzm kum jhfzmhy umhksmc e}s ofs icmosijkh {}mzsifoz/ Slm zmjfoc fom izeufkcmu emjk}zm is iopfhpmz fslmu qfsmosikh qfhijy umnmcimz( iojh}ciod zjkhkoc umd}hksfuy qfhijimz/

Fo nfomskuy qfhijy I lkpm zynqksly fu slm pimt m|qumzzmc ey slm ]Z

@mcmukh Umzmupm slks zfnmtlks sidlsmu nfomskuy qfhijy tf}hc lkpm lmhqmcjfoskio slm lf}ziod koc jumcis e}eehm e}s tf}hc ofs lkpm jlkodmc slm fpmukhhqijs}um }ocknmoskhhy/ K jmosukh ekob tlfzm nkocksm iz sf nkioskio quijmzskeihisy ,koc mpmo nfum( fom tlfzm nkocksm iz c}kh( hibm slm @mc) jko kjsfuio slm uizb slks kzzms quijm io`ksifo tihh }hsinksmhy sukozhksm iosf quijm io`ksifokoc slmumfum muu fo slm zicm f jk}sifo( e}s is jkoofs df n}jl emyfoc/ Slmhft iosmumzs.uksm mopiufonmos jhmkuhy jfosuie}smc sf slm kzzms.quijm e}eehm ,fu(sf q}s is cimumoshy( slmum iz jmuskiohy ko iosmumzs uksm hmpmh slks tf}hc lkpm

emmo z}jimos sf kpfic isz cmpmhfqnmos)( e}s fu slm @mc sf quijb slm e}eehm(is tf}hc lkpm lkc sf ukizm iosmumzs uksmz n}jl nfum kddumzzipmhy slko khhftmcey isz nkocksm/

Slmum iz nfum io slm pimt slks dhfekh inekhkojmz jfosuie}smc sf slm qufehmn/Umnmnemu Emo Emuokobmz dhfekh zkpiodz dh}s fu slm kjkcmnij pmuzifo fslm zknm zsfuy( slm nfcmh f Jkekhhmuf( @klui( koc Df}uiojlkz ,5114)/ Slmuksifokhiwksifo dipmo sf dhfekh inekhkojmz tkz io efsl jkzmz slks slm ]Z lkck jfnqkuksipm kcpkoskdm io slm z}qqhy f okojikh kzzmsz koc slks slm umzs fslm tfuhc lkc lidl cmnkoc fu slfzm kzzmsz/ Zf slm zinqhm zsfuy iz slks slmumtkz m|jmzz cmnkoc fu ]Z KKK kzzmsz koc slm ]Z okojikh zyzsmn umzqfocmcey nko}kjs}uiod nfum kzzmsz f hftmu {}khisy/

Sliz zinqhm zsfuy iz ofs mosiumhy zksizkjsfuy/ Is cfmz ofs smhh }z tly slmekhkojm emstmmo cmnkoc koc z}qqhy iopfhpmc {}khisy ukslmu slko quijmkcg}zsnmos( ofu tly M}ufqmko ukslmu slko Kziko iozsis}sifoz kjj}n}hksmcsf|ij kzzmsz fo slmiu ekhkojm zlmmsz/ Ksmu khh( M}ufqm tkz ofs m|qfusiod n}jl

f isz zkpiodz( zf k nfum mhkefuksm zsfuy n}zs m|qhkio tly Kzik ef}dls qhkiopkoihhk dfpmuonmos efocz tlihm M}ufqm ef}dls slm sf|ij tkzsm/E}s slm zsfuy iz z}jimos sf tkuo kdkiozs slm omdhmjs f slm nkjuf.okojikh

cinmozifo koc sf z}ddmzs umzqfozmz slks skbm is iosf kjjf}os( efsl oksifokhhy


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koc iosmuoksifokhhy/ Sf zskus tisl slm oksifokh cinmozifo( i nkjufmjfofnijcmpmhfqnmosz qhkymc k ufhm io jumksiod kpfukehm jfocisifoz fu m|jmzzipm uizbskbiod( slmo kz io qumpif}z okojikh juizmz( koc i slmum kum hinisz sf tlks

nfomskuy qfhijy jko cf sf jf}osmu slmn( sliz lkz inqhijksifoz fu umd}hksfuycmzido/ Q}s zinqhy( slm hmzz nkjufmjfofnij kjsfuz kum skbmo iosf kjjf}os(slm sidlsmu zmjsfu.zqmjij koc qufc}js.zqmjij umd}hksifoz lkpm sf em emjk}zmslmy lkpm sf em z}ismc sf zis}ksifoz slks kum k}zqijif}z fu uizb.skbiod/

Is iz hibm cmjiciod fo zkmsy zskockucz fu k jku koc isz jfnqfomosz/ Ufkc{}khisy zskockucz( zqmmc hinisz( koc zidoqfzsz fo slm ufkc kum khzf slmum sfmoz}um zkmsy( koc slm hmzz mmjsipm slmy kum( slm nfum yf}u jku ommcz sf emm{}iqqmc fu uf}dl jfocisifoz/

Sliz iz tly slm nkjuf.okojikh izz}m iz lidl fo slm kdmock/ Ks slm oksifokhhmpmh( qufqfzkhz lkpm emmo nkcm sf m{}iq qfhijy iozsis}sifozmislmu slm jmosukhekobz fu ko iozsis}sifo io jlkudm f nkubms zskeihisytisl omt iozsu}nmoszsf sknm slumksz sf okojikh zskeihisy ,zmm( fu m|knqhm( Zlkmu 511


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Bmyofsm 5=

isz mmjsipmomzz lkz emmo hinismc/ Sliz euiodz nm sf ny hkzs qfios7 iosmuoksifokhiozsis}sifoz( slmiu ufhm( koc slmiu mmjsipmomzz/

:/ Slm Hfodmu.Smun Kdmock7 Iozsis}sifoz

Is iz kqqufquiksm sf zskus tisl stf nkgfu jlkodmz io slm hkoczjkqm7,i) Mnmudmojm f slm D51 kz k z}ezsis}sm sf slm D4,ii) Mnmudmojm f slm @iokojikh Zskeihisy @fu}n ,@Z@) kz ko mmjsipm

umd}hksfuy efcyMkjl lkz isz qufehmnz/ Slm D51 iz k tmhjfnm kccisifo kz umjfdoisifo f

slm umkhisy f slm j}uumos mjfofnij mopiufonmos( e}s is lkz ofs yms qkzzmcslm smzs f sinm/ Is iz hkudm koc cipmuzm koc }ohibmhy sf qhky slm ufhm f slm D4(tlijl lkz emmo nfum z}jjmzz}h io kccumzziod slm qufehmnz f fslmuz slkoio kccumzziod qufehmnz knfod isz nmnemuz/ Tlihm slm jffucioksifo umjfucf slm D4 iz tmkb( is lkz emmo z}jjmzz}h io cmoiod jfnnfo qfzisifoz foU}zzik koc Kudmosiok/ Slm sukozisifo sf slm D51 iz slmumfum hibmhy sf em kzhft hmkuoiod qufjmzz/ D4 jf}osuimz lkpm sf hmkuo slks slmy kum ofs u}ooiodslm zlft koynfum koc mnmudiod jf}osuimz lkpm sf hmkuo lft sf jfqm tisl

iosmucmqmocmojm koc slm umzqfozieihisimz sliz inqhimz/Slm @Z@ lkz emmo z}uquiziodhy z}jjmzz}h zf ku ,Kodmhfoi 511


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Is iz oft ekjb io e}ziomzz koc {}mzsifoz sfcky kum ukslmu kef}s slm kcm{}kjyf umzf}ujmz io umzqfozm sf iojumkziod cmnkoc fu kzzizskojm/

Slm umdifokh jlkhhmodmz kjmc ey slm IN@ kum nfzshy( e}s ofs m|jh}zipmhy(

io Mkzs Kzik/ Slm umzqfozm qufpicmc io M}ufqm tisl qufduknz io Jmosukh kocMkzsmuo M}ufqm z}ddmzsz slks isz kzzizskojm jko koc qufekehy tihh em jfneiomctisl umdifokh z}qqfus/ Io k zis}ksifo f lidl uizb kpmuzifo( slm IN@ hkemh lkzjfozicmukehm( mpmo iocizqmozkehm( pkh}m/

Lftmpmu( jfocisifokh okojikh kzzizskojm iz slm nfofqfhy e}ziomzzf slm IN@/ Tlks kef}s isz fslmu e}ziomzzmz( mzqmjikhhy z}upmihhkojm6 Slmz}upmihhkojm umjfuc iz ofs zsufod/ Is lkz qufpicmc dffc kokhyzizkoc is lkzzsumodslmomc iosmhhmjs}kh jumcieihisy tisl Dhfekh @iokojikh Zskeihisy Umqfusz

koc Tfuhc Mjfofnij F}shffbz/ Slmzm lkpm emmo nfum kjj}uksm slko nfzsfslmu kzzmzznmosz fu fumjkzsze}s slmum lkpm emmo mt umz}hsz/

Slm tmkb z}upmihhkojm f ]Z nkjuf koc okojikh cmpmhfqnmosz lkztmkbmomc slm IN@z jumcieihisy/ Ofefcy jko umnmnemu tlks slm IN@ sfhcslm ]Z k}slfuisimz kef}s slmiu cfnmzsij qfhijimz/ Slm Jliomzm iozizs slksz}upmihhkojm n}zs zskus tisl slm umzmupm j}uumojy.izz}iod jf}osuimz kocslmy lkpm k qfios/

M|jlkodm.uksm z}upmihhkojm kz j}uumoshy mopizkdmc iz k cmkc moc/ Ks ]Z

iozizsmojm slm IN@ tkz umjmoshy dipmo slm keihisy sf zhksm jf}osuimz jfosuie}siodsf m|smuokh iozskeihisy( e}s is lkz emmo }okehm fu }otihhiod sf zky koysliodjhmku sf slm Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij f Jliok/ Zf slm IN@ lkz emmo sff zly sf umzizs]Z qumzz}um koc slmo sff zly sf juisijiwm slm Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij f Jliok/

N}hsihksmukh jfoz}hsksifoz( fo slm fslmu lkoc( tmum ko ioofpksipm koc tmhhslf}dls.f}s ioisiksipm e}s( qufekehy emjk}zm f k hkjb f ftomuzliq knfodqkusijiqkos jf}osuimz( cic ofs umz}hs io koysliod zidoijkos/

Tlijl tky futkuc fu slm IN@6 Slmum jfosio}m sf em qufehmnz fdfpmuokojm2 is iz pmuy lkuc fu ko iozsis}sifo sf fqmohy juisijiwm isz nkgfuzlkumlfhcmuz/ @}uslmu umfun iz ommcmc( iojh}ciod sluf}dl umc}jiod kocjfozfhicksiod M}ufqmz umqumzmosksifo ,zmm Klmkuom ms kh/ 5110)( e}s is tihhofs em mof}dl fo isz fto/

Fom umzqfozm jf}hc em sf nkbm jf}osuy z}upmihhkojm nfum iocmqmocmos/Khumkcy slm Tfuhc Mjfofnij F}shffb koc Dhfekh @iokojikh Zskeihisy Umqfuskum izz}mc }ocmu slm umzqfozieihisy f zsk/ Tly ofs m|smoc sliz sf jf}osuy

umqfusz6 Sf pfsm fo ko kokhyziz iz ofs emzs qukjsijm/ @}oc kokhyziz zlf}hc emumhmkzmc }ocmu slm umzqfozieihisy f nkokdmnmos/Fo m|jlkodm uksmz slmum iz ko iojfozizsmojy io slm qufjmc}umz/ K zsksmnmos

ey slm IN@ slks k jf}osuyz qfhijy jfosuie}smz sf m|smuokh iozskeihisyhms


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Bmyofsm 54

khfom slks is iz nkoiq}hksmctf}hc khnfzs jmuskiohy suiddmu k qufjmc}um ksslm Tfuhc Sukcm Fudkoiwksifo/ Zf tm kum zqmkbiod f {}kzi.g}cijikh qftmuzkoc fu slmn sf em m|mujizmc slm IN@ tf}hc ommc {}kzi.g}cijikh qufjmc}umz/

Slm nfcmh zlf}hc em slks slm Tfuhc Sukcm Fudkoiwksifo qkomhz cmjicm fosukcm jfoijsz/

Kezmos z}jl qftmuz( slm ufhm f slm IN@ zlf}hc em sf qufpicm m|qmusizm sfslm D51( slks iz( sf lmhq sf ekzm cizj}zzifo fo zf}oc kokhyziz e}s ofs sf cmjicm/Sliz iz tlks Nmupyo Biod ,5110) jkhhmc slm ufhm f k juijbms }nqium iozsmkcf k ummumm/ Tm kum sl}z skhbiod f k jfnqhm| koc mpfhpiod hkoczjkqm/ UfemusWfmhhijb ,511


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5


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III

Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock 59

Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo `fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7

K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock

Zliogi Skbkdi

;/ Iosufc}jsifo

Slm tfuhc mjfofny iz m|qmuimojiod tlks zfnm jkhh slm tfuzs mjfofnij juizizziojm slm Dumks Cmqumzzifo/ Slm inqkjs f slm dhfekh umjmzzifo iz emiod mhsio Kzik tisl k zhftcfto io m|qfusz f okh dffcz sf slm nkubmsz io Ofusl

Knmuijk koc Tmzsmuo M}ufqm/ Cmzqism n}jl kcf kef}s slm cmjf}qhiod fKzik ufn slm ]oismc Zsksmz ,]Z) koc M}ufqm( slm mjfofnimz f mnmudiod kocioc}zsuikh Kzik lkpm ofs emmo kz inn}om sf slm dhfekh mjfofnij nmhscftokz lkc emmo kosijiqksmc/

Io umhksipm smunz( slf}dl( slm inqkjs fo Kzik kqqmkuz hinismc/ Tlihm slmf}shffb fu Kzik iz jhmkuhy cfto ufn qumpif}z ymkuz( slm hksmzs }qcksm ufnslm Iosmuoksifokh Nfomskuy @}oc ,IN@) ,Gko}kuy 5119) qhkjmz slm 5119fumjkzsz fu cmpmhfqiod Kzik ks =/=- ,jfnqkumc sf 4/


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:1 Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sf Dhfekh Mjfofnij Cmpmhfqnmos koc Zskeihisy

slmumey cmpmhfqiod ekhkojm.zlmms p}homukeihisimz slks jfnm ufn umhikojmfo m|smuokh efuuftiod/ Qkus f slm oms jkqiskh m|qfusz( nfumfpmu( lkzemmo umskiomc kz fjikh fumido m|jlkodm umzmupmz7 Slm umdifoz ekhkojm

f fjikh umzmupmz {}kcu}qhmc fpmu slm cmjkcm fhhftiod slm Mkzs Kzikojuiziz f ;994;99


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock :;

5/ Kzikz Iosuk. koc Iosmu.Umdifokh F}sq}s Hiobkdmz

5/; Zsumodslmoiod Umdifokh F}sq}s Hiobkdmz

Mjfofnij iosmduksifo lkz emmo qufdumzziod io Kzik( nkiohy hmc ey iosuk.umdifokh sukcm io qkusz koc jfnqfomosz/ Tislio KZMKO":( fu m|knqhm(slm zlkum f iosuk.umdifokh sukcm ufzm ufn kuf}oc :1- c}uiod ;9


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Iocmmc( nkoy umjmos zs}cimz lkpm ofsmc slks slm zyojlufoiwksifo f Kzikoe}ziomzz jyjhmz lkz dumkshy iojumkzmc ,NjBioofo koc Zjlokeh 511:2 Bktkikoc Nfsfoizli 511=2 Zksf koc Wlkod 51102 KCE 5114)/ Skbiod slumm.ymku

nfpiod kpmukdmz f {}kusmuhy dufzz cfnmzsij qufc}js ,DCQ)( fom tf}hc ocslks slm kpmukdm f}sq}s jfuumhksifo f Kzikz ;1 mjfofnimz ufzm ufn k nmum1/14 c}uiod ;9


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock ::

@id}um :/;7 Kzikz F}sq}s Jfuumhksifoz tisl Iszmh( ;9


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koc jfounmc slm inqfuskojm f iosuk.ioc}zsuy sukcm io dmomuksiod e}ziomzzjyjhm zyojlufoiwksifo io KZMKO jf}osuimz c}uiod ;905;990/

5/5 Cmjf}qhiod f Kzik6

Tislio Kzik( slmum lkz emmo k lmksmc cmeksm fo tlmslmu slm umdifoz f}sq}shiobkdm tisl slm umzs f slm tfuhc lkz tmkbmomc kz k umz}hs f iojumkziod umdifokh

mjfofnij iosmduksifo ,zmm KCE 5114)/ Slm cmjf}qhiod lyqfslmziz zkyz slks(tisl umjmos duftsl koc iosmduksifo( umdifokh cmnkoc lkz emjfnm nfuminqfuskos slko dhfekh cmnkoc kz k cuipmu f Kzikz mjfofnij duftsl/ Slmumiz( lftmpmu( k jfosukuy pimt slks zsksmz slks( tisl jfnnisnmos sf fqmoomzz

koc slm inqfuskojm f slm ]Z koc M}ufqmko nkubmsz kz k cmzsioksifo fu slmm|qfus f okh dffcz( Kzikz mjfofnij hiobkdm tisl slm umzs f slm tfuhc lkzkjs}khhy iosmozimc io umjmos ymkuz/

Kdkio( skbiod slumm.ymku nfpiod kpmukdmz f {}kusmuhy DCQ( fom tf}hcoc slks slm kpmukdm f}sq}s jfuumhksifo f Kzik tisl slm umzs f slm tfuhc,jfozizsiod f slm ]Z koc M}ufqm) iojumkzmc ufn 1/;0 c}uiod ;9


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock :=

@fu m|knqhm( Skbkdi koc Bfw}u} ,511


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k znkhhmu ufhm/ Inez ,5113( 5110) zlftmc slks zsufodmu okojikh hiobz jf}hciojumkzm ofs fohy jfoz}nqsifo jfuumhksifoz ,kz slmfuy z}ddmzsz) e}s khzff}sq}s jfuumhksifoz/ E}s io slm jfosm|s f Mkzs Kzik(4 Zlio koc Zflo ,5110)

f}oc hisshm mpicmojm f okojikh iosmduksifo ,quf|imc ey nfoslhy iosmumzs uksmjfuumhksifo) jfosuie}siod sf k jf.nfpmnmos f f}sq}s c}uiod ;94;511:/ Slmtmkbmu okojikh.f}sq}s hiob fu Kzik nky tmhh nmko slks okojikh iosmduksifoio slm umdifo lkz ofs }hhy bmqs qkjm tisl umkh iosmduksifo/ Io kjs( slmum izdffc mpicmojm sf z}qqfus z}jl k pimt/

@iokojikh iosmduksifo jko em nmkz}umc io zmpmukh tkyz( e}s of nkssmu lftis iz cmomc( is lkz k zsufod qfhijy jfnqfomos/ Cmmqmu okojikh iosmduksifotihh ofs skbm qhkjm }ohmzz qfhijynkbmuz suy sf qufnfsm slm cmpmhfqnmos f

cfnmzsij okojikh nkubmsz koc sf ciznkoshm hmdkh koc umd}hksfuy umzsuijsifozfo jufzz.efucmu okojikh sukozkjsifoz/ Kziko mjfofnij iosmduksifo lkz emmohkudmhy k nkubms.cuipmo qufjmzz/ Is iz sl}z }ocmuzskockehm slks umdifokh okojikhiosmduksifo lkz hkddmc emlioc/

Sf feskio k zmozm f lft Kzikz okojikh iosmduksifo zskocz( umhksipm sfisz qkzs kz tmhh kz sf fslmu umdifoz( I }zmc zkpiod.iopmzsnmos jfuumhksifo kzk nmkz}um f kpmukdm okojikh fqmoomzz fu slm umdifo/ Zkpiod.iopmzsnmosjfuumhksifo lkz zmpmukh jfojmqs}kh qufehmnz( e}s is lkz slm emoms f emiod

feskiokehm fu k hkudm o}nemu f mjfofnimz fo k jfozizsmos ekziz/ Nfumfpmu(umjmos umzmkujl iocijksmz slks is jfoskioz }zm}h iofunksifo kef}s slm eufkcciumjsifo f jlkodm io kpmukdm okojikh fqmoomzz io k umdifo ,zmm Skbkdi kocSkbi 511< fu }uslmu cizj}zzifo)/ @fu m|knqhm( tisl slm okojikh dhfekhiwksifof slm ;991z koc 5111z( slmum lkz emmo fezmupmc k z}ezskosikh zmj}hku cmjhiomio zkpiod.iopmzsnmos jfuumhksifoz io nkoy qkusz f slm tfuhc(


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock :4

Skehm :/5 umqfusz slm mzsinksmz f tlmo slm iopmzsnmos.sf.DCQ uksif izumdumzzmc fpmu slm zkpiod.sf.DCQ uksif( kz fhhftz7

,I&Y)i > " ,Z&Y)i " i( ,;)

tlmum Iiz cfnmzsij iopmzsnmos2Ziz cfnmzsij zkpiod2 Yiz cfnmzsij iojfnm2 koc kum jfmjimosz sf em mzsinksmc2 iz k ukocfn muufu smun2 koc i izk jf}osuy z}ezjuiqs/ Is tkz slm zmniokh tfub f @mhczsmio koc Lfuifbk ,;9 Kzzfjiksifo f Zf}slmkzs Kziko Oksifoz( M] > M}ufqmko ]oifo( NMUJFZ]U > Zf}slmuo JfnnfoNkubms( FMJC > Fudkoizksifo fu Mjfofnij Jf.fqmuksifo koc Cmpmhfqnmos/

Ofsmz7k @id}umz io qkumoslmzmz iocijksm slm o}nemu f jf}osuimz io mkjl umdifo fu duf}q ,`uzs jfh}no) koc zskockuc

muufuz ,zmjfoc koc sliuc jfh}noz)2 cmqmociod fo cksk kpkihkeihisy( slm hizs f jf}osuimz io mkjl umdifo fu duf}qnky ofs em m|lk}zsipm/e KZMKO": ,4) iojh}cmz Iocfomzik( Gkqko( Bfumk( Nkhkyzik( Qlihiqqiomz( Ziodkqfum( koc Slkihkoc2 KZMKO":

,;1) iojh}cmz KZMKO": ,4) qh}z Jknefcik( Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij f Jliok( koc Pims Okn/

Zf}ujm7 Skbkdi koc Skbi ,511


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:


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock :9

ftz io KZMKO": fpmu 51115113 tmum fohy ;=; Kzzfjiksifo f Zf}slmkzs Kziko Oksifoz( M] > M}ufqmko ]oifo( DCQ > dufzz cfnmzsij qufc}js(FMJC > Fudkoizksifo fu Mjfofnij Jf.fqmuksifo koc Cmpmhfqnmos/

Ofsmz7k/ @id}umz io qkumoslmzmz iocijksm slm o}nemu f jf}osuimz io mkjl umdifo fu duf}q2 cmqmociod fo cksk

kpkihkeihisy( slm hizs f jf}osuimz io mkjl umdifo fu duf}q nky ofs em m|lk}zsipm/e/ KZMKO": ,4 ) iojh}cmz Iocfomzik( Gkqko( Bfumk( Nkhkyzik( Qlihiqqiomz( Ziodkqfum( koc Slkihkoc2 KZMKO":


Zf}ujm7 Iosmuoksifokh Nfomskuy @}oc ,pkuif}z ymkuzRe^)/


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Ofusl Knmuijk fu slm M]/ KCE ,511


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock 3;

is sf hinis isz m|qfz}um sf slm khhf}s f slm j}uumos dhfekh okojikh juiziz/ Khzf( Kzik cfmz ofs zmmn sf lkpm z}mumc smuuiehy ey umhyiod fo tfuhc okojikhjmosmuz sf iosmunmciksm isz ukslmu hinismc ft f okojikh umzf}ujmz ,ks hmkzs

kz k zlkum f DCQ)/ Cfmz sliz nmko slks Kzik zlf}hc jfosio}m sf q}uz}m slmqfhijy f hinismc okojikh iosmduksifo6 Ofs omjmzzkuihy/ K jfopiojiod jkzm jkoem nkcm fu qufnfsiod okojikh iosmduksifo/

@iuzs( nkioskioiod slm zsks}z {}f iz ofs k z}zskiokehm qfhijy fqsifo fu Kzik/Slm umdifo ommcz ko mjimos okojikh zyzsmn fu isz fto zkbm/ Slm hkjb f hi{}ickoc tmhh.}ojsifoiod efoc nkubmsz iz hinisiod slm kpkihkeihisy f hfod.smunhfjkh j}uumojy }ociod fu pikehm koc qufskehm iopmzsnmos qufgmjsz/ @iokojikh}ocmucmpmhfqnmos iz khzf kjsiod kz k jfozsukios fo slm umdifoz duftiod sukcm

koc iopmzsnmos hiobz/ E}s tisl emssmu okojikh zyzsmnz( okojikh iosmduksifotihh em k oks}ukh jfozm{}mojm/

@id}um :/37 Cm G}um M|jlkodm koc Jkqiskh Jfosufhz( 51115110,Zlkum f jfosufhhmc sukozkjsifoz)

KZMKO > Kzzfjiksifo f Zf}slmkzs Kziko Oksifoz( M] > M}ufqmko ]oifo( FMJC > Fudkoizksifo fu MjfofnijJf.fqmuksifo koc Cmpmhfqnmos/

Ofsmz7

k/ @id}umz io qkumoslmzmz iocijksm slm o}nemu f jf}osuimz io mkjl umdifo fu duf}q2 cmqmociod fo ckskkpkihkeihisy( slm hizs f jf}osuimz io mkjl umdifo fu duf}q nky ofs em m|lk}zsipm/e/ KZMKO": ,4 ) iojh}cmz Iocfomzik( Gkqko( Bfumk( Nkhkyzik( Qlihiqqiomz( Ziodkqfum( koc Slkihkoc2 KZMKO":


Zf}ujm7 Iosmuoksifokh Nfomskuy @}oc ,pkuif}z ymkuzRe^)/


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Khslf}dl slm f}sjfnm f okojikh zyzsmn cmpmhfqnmos cfmz ofscizjuinioksm emstmmo umdifokh koc dhfekh iosmduksifo( dipmo slm oks}um fiofunksifo kzynnmsuy io okojikh sukozkjsifoz( is zlf}hc em eikzmc sftkuc

iosuk.umdifokh okojikh iosmduksifo/ Slm kjs slks Kzikz zkpiodz kum nfzshyiosmunmciksmc keufkc iz k ummjsifo f slm dumksmu mjimojy f slm okojikhjmosmuz f}szicm slm umdifo2 kz slm okojikh zyzsmnz io Kzik inqufpm io mjimojy(dmfdukqlij quf|inisy( jhfzmu sinm wfomz( koc nfum ciumjs qmuzfokh jfoskjsztislio slm umdifo zlf}hc emdio sf jumksm k lfnm eikz slks lkz zf ku emmosfskhhy kezmos io Kzik ,KCE 511


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock 3:

Hkudmu qfios.sf.qfios sukcm koc jkqiskh ftz tislio slm umdifo tihh em kfun f ioz}ukojm kdkiozs slm kcpmuzm inqkjs f dhfekh zlfjbz slks fuidioksmf}szicm slm umdifo/ Sliz tihh umqumzmos k sukozfunksifo f slm j}uumos l}e.

koc.zqfbm zsu}js}um f tfuhc sukcm koc okojm( tlijl lkz emmo slm zf}ujm fiozskeihisy( sf k nfum qh}ukhizsij zsu}js}um ,zmm @id}umz :/= koc :/0 fu zjlmnksijumqumzmosksifoz)/ Is tihh em k nfum zskehm tfuhc fu khh qkusimz/

Umdifokh jffqmuksifo iz mzzmosikh io slm qufjmzz/ @iuzs( jffqmuksifo kjihisksmzokojikh iosmduksifo ks slm umdifokh hmpmh ey qufnfsiod slm lkunfoiwksifof zskockucz koc umd}hksifoz2 sluf}dl slm zlkuiod f emzs qukjsijmz( is lmhqzmzskehizl k nfum umzihimos okojikh zyzsmn/ Zmjfoc( umdifokh jffqmuksifoqufnfsmz zf}oc nkjufmjfofnij qfhijimz slks kum jfozizsmos tisl okojikh

zskeihisy( sluf}dl qmmu qumzz}um koc z}upmihhkojm ,cmzidomc sf khhft qfhijynkbmuzsf skbm kjjf}os f slm jufzz.efucmu zqihhfpmuz f mkjl fslmuz qfhijimz)/ Sliuc( kzk hkzs umzfus nmkz}um( k umdifokh juiziz nkokdmnmos kjihisyjfnqhmnmosiodslm dhfekh kjihisimz qufpicmc ey slm IN@tf}hc dipm slm umdifoz qfhijynkbmuzkccisifokh jfocmojm/

=/ Jfojh}zifo

Slm jlkqsmu lkz qufpicmc mpicmojmjfuufefuksmc ey k duftiod mnqiuijkhhismuks}umslks Kzikz okojikh iosmduksifo lkz ofs bmqs qkjm tisl isz umkh

@id}um :/07 Slm Qh}ukhizsij Zsu}js}um f Tfuhc Sukcm koc @iokojm


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iosmduksifo/ Cuipmo nfzshy ey iojumkziod iosuk.umdifokh sukcm io qkusz kocjfnqfomosz( f}sq}s zyojlufoiwksifo lkz uizmo tislio slm umdifo io umjmosymkuz2 ks slm zknm sinm( slm f}sq}s hiob tisl slm umzs f slm tfuhc cfmz ofs

zmmn sf lkpm tmkbmomc io slm qufjmzz/ @iokojikhhy( lftmpmu( Kzik umnkiozknfod slm hmkzs fqmo umdifoz f slm tfuhc2 is nky mpmo em nfum iosmduksmctisl tfuhc okojikh jmosmuz f}szicm slm umdifo slko tislio iszmh/ Khslf}dlsliz lkz khhftmc slm umdifo sf umnkio umhksipmhy }ozjkslmc ey slm khhf}s fslm umjmos dhfekh okojikh juiziz( slm jlkqsmu lkz kud}mc slks nkioskioiod slmqfhijy f umhksipm okojikh izfhksifo iz ofs k z}zskiokehm fqsifo fu Kzik/

@iuzs koc fumnfzs( Kzik ommcz ko mjimos okojikh zyzsmn fu isz fto zkbm(e}s tisl nfum mjimos okojikh zyzsmnz iompiskehy jfnmz dumksmu okojikh

iosmduksifo/ Zmjfoc( qkukcf|ijkhhy( kjsipmhy qufnfsiod dumksmu okojikhiosmduksifo tihh emoms efsl slm umdifo koc slm tfuhc/ Dipmo slm oks}umf iofunksifo kzynnmsuy io okojikh sukozkjsifoz( qufnfsiod okojikhiosmduksifo iz m|qmjsmc sf em eikzmc sftkuc iosuk.umdifokh iosmduksifo( tlijlio s}uo tihh zsumodslmo sukcm koc iopmzsnmos hiobz tislio Kzik/ K nfum jhfzmhyhiobmc Kzik tihh jumksm cmnkoc fu okh dffcz ufn tislio koc f}szicm slmumdifo/ Is tihh lmhq qumpmos slm jfojmosuksifo f uizbz io slm jmosmu koc ci}zmslm zqumkc f koy omdksipm zlfjb slks nky fuidioksm io slm jmosmu/

Sf nkbm slm ommcmc zlis( Kziko qfhijynkbmuz n}zs emdio ey nkbiodjfojmusmc mfusz sf cmpmhfq k cmmq( mjimos( koc tmhh.z}qmupizmc okojikhzyzsmn( koc hiemukhiwiod k z}ezskosikh qfusifo f umzsuijsifoz fo jufzz.efucmujkqiskh sukozkjsifoz/ Umdifokh jffqmuksifo iz mzzmosikh( ofs fohy sf q}zl slmqufjmzz futkuc e}s sf dipm kccisifokh jfocmojm sf slm k}slfuisimz/

Ummumojmz

Kbio( J/( koc N/ K/ Bfzm/ 511


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Umdifokh Jffqmuksifo fu Dumksmu Dhfekh Zskeihisy7 K Nmci}n.Smun Kdmock 3=

Jftmo( C/( U/ Zkhdkcf( L/ Zlkl( H/ Smf( koc K/ Wkomhhf/ 5110/ @iokojikh Iosmduksifo io Kzik7Umjmos Cmpmhfqnmosz koc Om|s Zsmqz/ Tfubiod Qkqmu 10;90/ Tkzliodsfo( CJ7Iosmuoksifokh Nfomskuy @}oc/

Mijlmodummo( E/( koc Y/ J/ Qkub/ 5113/ Tly Lkz Slmum Emmo Hmzz @iokojikh Iosmduksifo io Kzik

slko io M}ufqm6 Zsk Qkqmu Of/ 5


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Zioo( Z/ ;995/ Zkpiod.Iopmzsnmos Jfuumhksifoz koc Jkqiskh Nfeihisy7 Fo slm Mpicmojm ufnKoo}kh Cksk/Mjfofnij Gf}uokh;157 ;;05;;41/

Skbkdi( Z/( koc I/ Bfw}u}/ @fusljfniod/ F}sq}s koc Quijm Hiobkdmz io Kzikz Qfzs.juizizNkjufmjfofnij Iosmucmqmocmojm/ Ziodkqfum Mjfofnij Umpimt/

Skbkdi( Z/( koc S/ Skbi/ 511


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Slumm umjfnnmocksifoz fu Kziko mjfofnimz mnmudm ufn Qufmzzfu Zliogi

Skbkdiz jlkqsmu( sf tlijl I }hhy kdumm/ Slmzm mjfofnimz zlf}hc7;/ Jfosio}m sf cmpmhfq slmiu okojikh nkubmsz25/ @}uslmu fqmo slmiu okojikh nkubmsz koc jkqiskh kjjf}osz koc umnfpm

nfum umzsuijsifoz kdkiozs jkqiskh ftz2 koc:/ Qufnfsm umdifokh okojikh iosmduksifo slks tihh umc}jm slm cmqmocmojm

fo jmosmu jf}osuimz( umc}jm sukozkjsifo jfzsz( koc kjihisksm slm }uslmucmpmhfqnmos f umkh iosmduksifo/

Slm {}mzsifoz kum lft koc lft n}jl fqmoiod }q koc iosmduksiod zlf}hc

em cfom/

;/ Qufqfusifoksm ,Kqqufquiksm) @iokojikh Cmpmhfqnmos

Fom f slm hmzzfoz ufn slm umjmos okojikh juiziz tkz ofs sf khhft k jf}osuyzokojikh cmpmhfqnmos sf f}sqkjm fu e}eehm f}s slm umkh mjfofny/ Slm hmzzfoufn slm qumpif}z okojikh juiziz io slm umdifo( i/m/( slm Zf}slmkzs Kziko okojikhjuiziz ,;994;99


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3


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Zfnm fumido j}uumojimz kum zsihh ommcmc sf kjihisksm dhfekh sukcm koc jkqiskhsukozkjsifoz/ Slks iz tly tm nky zsihh ommc slm ]Z cfhhku fu ]Z cfhhku " m}uf sfzmupm kz umzmupm j}uumojimz( qkusij}hkuhy fu slm cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimz slks ommc

sf qufpicm zfnm umzmupmz kz jfhhksmukh fu sukciod emjk}zm slmiu fto j}uumojimzkum ofs yms kjjmqsmc kz umzmupm j}uumojimz/ Sliz iz iocmqmocmos f tlmslmu fuofs slm jf}osuimz zlf}hc kcfqs umm.fksiod fumido m|jlkodm umdinmz/

I nfum khsmuoksipm koc jfnqmsiod umzmupm j}uumojimz nmko k nfum zskehmdhfekh okojikh zyzsmn ,k yms }osmzsmc lyqfslmziz)( tm nky iojumkzm umdifokhkoc slmumfum dhfekh okojikh zskeihisy ey jumksiod k nmjlkoizn sf umc}jm f}ucmqmocmojm fo slm ]Z cfhhku koc qufpicm khsmuoksipm umzmupm j}uumojimz/

Kz ko iosmhhmjs}kh m|mujizm( inkdiom k nmjlkoizn f jufzz.lfhciod

f slm j}uumojimz f fslmu mjfofnimz io slm umdifo kz qkus f k jf}osuyzfjikh fumido m|jlkodm umzmupmz( qufqfusifokh sf mkjl jf}osuyz sukcmzsu}js}umz tisl fslmu mjfofnimz/ @fu iozskojm( i slm inqfusz f slm QUJufn Slkihkoc jf}os fu ,zky) :- f slm QUJz sfskh inqfusz( slm QUJ nkylfhc :- f isz sfskh fumido umzmupmz io Slki ekls ,iozsmkc f ]Z cfhhkuz)(koc pijm pmuzk fu Slkihkoc/;= I slm sukcm ekhkojm iszmh jkoofs nmms slmlfhciod um{}iumnmos }ocmu slm kdummnmos( slm jf}osuy zlf}hc ztkq fuslm skudmsiod j}uumojy tisl zfnm fslmu kjjmqskehm j}uumojy,imz) io slm

umzmupm/ @fu iozskojm( i slm QUJ iz u}ooiod sukcm cmjisz kdkiozs Slkihkockoc jkoofs iojumkzm isz lfhciodz f Slki ekls sluf}dl sukcm( is zlf}hc e}ySlki ekls }ziod fslmu j}uumojimz slks Slkihkoc kjjmqsz/ Sliz kqqufkjl nkykpfic omdfsiksifo jfzsz/

Slm jfnnisnmos f dfpmuonmosz iz omjmzzkuy fu koy suikh f sliz umdifokhiosmduksifo ioisiksipm/ Ks slm emdiooiod( jfuqfuksifoz cf ofs ommc sf cmofnioksmkoc iosmunmciksm slmiu sukcmz io hfjkh j}uumojimz/ Kz hfod kz dfpmuonmoszzskus sf lfhc umzmupmz f slm j}uumojimz f slmiu umdifokh sukcm qkusomuz( slmjlfijm tihh em kpkihkehm koc jfuqfuksifoz nky zskus sf }zm sliz nmjlkoizn islmy zmm fqqfus}oisimz sf kpfic uizbz tisl fslmu j}uumojimz/ Hksmu fo( quipksmfumido ciumjs iopmzsnmos nky khzf emjfnm qkus f slm nmjlkoizn emfumjufzz.efucmu okojikh hiemukhiwksifo/ Is tihh cmoismhy nkbm sukcm koc fumidociumjs iopmzsnmos mkzimu koc tihh dipm zskbmlfhcmuz slm zmozm f n}s}kh su}zskoc iosmduksifo/

;= Ks slm suikh zskdm( tm nky sliob f k qkusikh zjlmnm/ @fu m|knqhm( k jf}osuy slks lkz 31- f isz sfskhsukcm io iosuk.umdifokh sukcm nky fohy ommc sf lfhc ;1- fu 51- f sfskh iosuk.umdifokh umzmupm jufzz.lfhciod i mpmuyfom cfmz slm zknm/ E}s slm lfhciodz f mkjl jf}osuyz kzzmsz io sliz ;151- nky zsihhem qufqfusifokh sf slm zlkumz f sukcm/


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=1 Kzikz Jfosuie}sifo sf Dhfekh Mjfofnij Cmpmhfqnmos koc Zskeihisy

]ohibm slm j}uumos j}uumojy ztkq zyzsmn( sliz jufzz.lfhciod kqqufkjlcfmz ofs um{}ium k nkgfu iosmuoksifokh ekhkojm f qkynmos juiziz sf em smzsmckoc zskus sf }ojsifo/ Is iz khzf cimumos ufn slm umdifokh umzmupm }oc(

tlijl iz z}qqfzmc sf }zm k qffh f fumido umzmupm j}uumojimz ,iojh}ciod slm]Z cfhhku koc slm m}uf) koc iz khzf ofs }ojsifoiod fo ko fodfiod ekziz/ Khhmjfofnimz slks z}ezjuiem sf slm jufzz.lfhciod kdummnmos jko dms umzmupmz uidlsktky koc dms iosmumzs qkynmosz ,fu hfzm nfomy) innmciksmhy fo mkjl fslmuzokojikh kzzmsz/ Sliz iz slm tky sf nkbm khh qkusijiqkosz n}s}kh zskbmlfhcmuzf fom kofslmu/ Io kccisifo( slm cipmuzijksifo f umzmupm nfomy lfhciodz iz kdffc kqqufkjl sf umc}jm slm zyzsmnksij okojikh uizbz io slm j}uumos dhfekhokojikh nkubms/

Sluf}dl sliz ioisiksipm( tm nky umc}jm f}u umhikojm fo slm ]Z cfhhku koc}uslmu iojumkzm iosuk.umdifokh sukcm/ Sliz tihh jfosuie}sm sf slm umfun fslm dhfekh nfomskuy zyzsmn koc slm zskeihisy f slm dhfekh okojikh nkubmsio kccisifo sf slm cmpmhfqnmos f umdifokh mjfofnimz/


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IP;/ Iosufc}jsifo

Slm slmnm f KCEIz koo}kh jfomumojm( fo Kzikz jfosuie}sifoz sf dhfekhmjfofnij cmpmhfqnmos koc zskeihisy( tkz sinmhy fu zmpmukh umkzfoz( iojh}ciodslm ukqic uizm f ffc( qmsufhm}n( koc fslmu quinkuy qufc}js quijmz io 5114

511< io umzqfozm sf lidl duftsl io Kzikz hkudm mnmudiod mjfofnimz2 slmz}ccmo cmjmhmuksifo f slm tfuhc mjfofny io slm zmjfoc lkh f 511


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qfhijimz slks umc}jm slm knqhis}cm f cfnmzsij kduij}hs}ukh quijm }js}ksifozfpmu sinm slmumfum lmhq cfnmzsij jfoz}nmuz ks slm m|qmozm f slm jf}osuyzkun lf}zmlfhcz( fu pijm pmuzk/

Slm qfhijy iozsu}nmosz }zmc fu sliz q}uqfzm kum syqijkhhy slm zknm kzslfzm }zmc sf khsmu slm sumoc hmpmh f cfnmzsij kduij}hs}ukh quijmz( oknmhysukcm qfhijy nmkz}umz/; Tlmo nkoy oksifokh dfpmuonmosz iosmupmom tislpkuikehm sukcm sk|mz fu {}kosisksipm umzsuijsifoz( slm zlkum f dhfekh qufc}jsifoslks iz sukcmc zluiobz( nkbiod slm iosmuoksifokh nkubms slioomu slko isfslmutizm tf}hc em/ Sliz mufcmz slm iosmuoksifokh q}ehij dffc slks fqmooksifokh mjfofnimz dmomuksm sluf}dl sukcm( ofs fohy emjk}zm slm ofunkhmjfofnij dkioz ufn sukcm kum cinioizlmc( e}s khzf emjk}zm ko iosmuoksifokh

nkubms slks iz slioomu fu sliz umkzfo iz nfum pfhksihm/ Sliz dumksmu pfhksihisymosijmz mpmo nfum dfpmuonmosz sf iosmupmom sf zskeihiwm slmiu cfnmzsij ffcnkubmsz( }uslmu iojumkziod iosmuoksifokh quijm pfhksihisy/ Sliz iz mzqmjikhhyekc fu slm cmpmhfqnmos f fqmo kduij}hs}ukh.m|qfusiod mjfofnimz( kz lizsfuylkz zlfto slks pfhksihisy io k jf}osuyz hfod.u}o sumoc smunz f sukcm zhftz iszmjfofnij duftsl ,Tihhiknzfo 511


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz =:

mjimos koc m{}iskehm f}sjfnmz io slm }s}um( tlihm inqufpiod zskeihisykoc duftsl koc khhmpiksiod qfpmusy/

5/ Slm 511< Jfnnfcisy Quijm Libm io LizsfuijkhQmuzqmjsipm

Slm iosmuoksifokh quijm f uijm omkuhy sumehmc io slm uzs mt nfoslz f511


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@id}um 3/;7 Ofniokh Iosmuoksifokh Nkubms Quijmz fu Tlmks( Uijm( kocNkiwm( ;9 ]oismc Zsksmz cfhhku/

Zf}ujm7 Tfuhc Ekob Jfnnfcisy Quijm Cksk/

eeh > ekuumh ( s > sfo( ]Z# > ]oismc Zsksmz cfhhku/

Zf}ujm7 Tfuhc Ekob ,511


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz ==

slfzm f mmc dukioz koc fihzmmcz/: Slm fslmu tkz ko }okosijiqksmc dfpmuonmosumzqfozm sf uiziod qmsufhm}n quijmz koc jfojmuoz kef}s jkuefo mnizzifozufn efsl slm ]Z koc slm M}ufqmko ]oifo ,M])( oknmhy( slm inqfzisifo f

qfhijimz sf z}eziciwm cfnmzsij eif}mh qufc}jsifo sluf}dl sk| jumcisz kocslm iosufc}jsifo f nkocksmz fo eif}mh }zm/ Slfzm kjsifoz hmc sf z}ccmoiojumkzmz io slm cmnkoc fu nkiwm io slm ]Z koc fu ukqmzmmc io slm M]/@kunmuz io kmjsmc jf}osuimz umzqfocmc ey duftiod slfzm jufqz ks slm m|qmozmf fslmuz( slmumey kcciod sf slm zlfuskdm f dukioz koc fihzmmcz fu ffc kockoinkh mmc cmnkoc ,FMJC 511


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emfum nic.511< ey I@QUI ,5114) z}ddmzs slks ey 51=1( umkh iosmuoksifokh ffcquijmz tihh em :1


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz =4

Fudkoiwksifo f Qmsufhm}n M|qfusiod Jf}osuimz ,FQMJ) }oihksmukhhy inqfzmcqufc}jsifo {}fskz/ Lftmpmu( is tkz nfzshy c}m sf slm Zfpims ]oifo cmqkusiodufn isz qfhijy f zmh.umhikojm koc mosmuiod slm iosmuoksifokh dukio nkubms io

k zidoijkos koc }okosijiqksmc tky sf fzms k cfnmzsij zlfuskhh ,Gflozfo;94=2 Nfudko ;949)/

Slm fslmu qfios sf ofsm ufn @id}um 3/: iz slks io mkjl f slm zi| qumpif}zjkzmz( slm quijm uizm tkz fhhftmc pmuy zlfushy ey ko m{}khhy zlkuq khh/ Slm khhio ffc quijmz io slm zmjfoc lkh f 511< tkz sl}z khzf ofs }oqumjmcmosmc(khslf}dl isz z}ccmoomzz koc zmpmuisy nky lkpm emmo m|kjmueksmc ey slm jmzzksifof mjfofnij duftsl euf}dls fo ey slm dhfekh okojikh juiziz f 511


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= ;11)

Zf}ujm7 K}slfuz jfnqihksifo }ziod cksk ufn Tfuhc Ekob ,511


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz =9

khzf jfosuie}sm sf nkbiod slm iosmuoksifokh nkubms slioomu( koc lmojm( nfumpfhksihm/ Kz cizj}zzmc emhft( slm zsufodmu k jf}osuyz kduij}hs}ukh jfnqkuksipmkcpkoskdm ,cizkcpkoskdm)( slm nfum isz dfpmuonmos smocz sf bmmq cfnmzsij

quijmz emhft ,kefpm) slm sumoc hmpmh io slm iosmuoksifokh nkubms( koc( tislioslm kun zmjsfu( sf eikz kzzizskojm sftkuc inqfus.jfnqmsiod kun ioc}zsuimzks slm m|qmozm f m|qfus ioc}zsuimz/

Emfum kccumzziod umjmos mpicmojm fu iosuk. koc iosmu.jf}osuy kosi.sukcm eikzio dfpmuonmos iosmupmosifo io kduij}hs}ukh nkubmsz( sliz jlkqsmu tihh umpimtsumocz io slm iosmuoksifokh sukckeihisy f kduij}hs}ukh pmuz}z fslmu qufc}jsz/

:/ Sumocz io Sukckeihisy f Kduij}hs}ukh Qufc}jsz

Dhfekhiwksifo fujmz lkpm dumkshy hftmumc slm jfzs f cfiod e}ziomzz kjufzzoksifokh efucmuz/ C}uiod slm qkzs {}kusmu jmos}uy( slmzm fujmz lkpm iojh}cmc slmiofunksifo koc jfnn}oijksifoz smjlofhfdy umpfh}sifoz( kz tmhh kz smjloijkhjlkodmz io sukozqfus( z}jl kz e}hb jkuuimuz koc slm jfoskiomuiwksifo f fjmkozliqqiod/ Qfhijy jlkodmz( z}jl kz slm cmumd}hksifo f kiuhiom koc fslmu zmupijmz(koc slm qlkziod cfto f nko}kjs}uiod skuiz( lkpm khzf zidoijkoshy hftmumc

sukcm jfzsz( fu m|knqhm( ey khhftiod mpmu.dumksmu ukdnmosksifo f qufc}jsifof dffcz koc zmupijmz( koc f}szf}ujiod keufkc/ Kz k umz}hs( iosmuoksifokh sukcmlkz m|qkocmc n}jl kzsmu slko dhfekh qufc}jsifo/ Emstmmo ;943 koc 5114(umkh DCQ dumt ks 5/9-( tlihm slm umkh pkh}m f iosmuoksifokh sukcm dumt ks=/1- ,Tfuhc Sukcm Fudkoiwksifo RTSF^ 511


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Skehm 3/;7 M|qfus Fuimosksifo( Inqfus Cmqmocmojm( koc Zmh.Z}jimojyio Quinkuy Kduij}hs}ukh Qufc}jsifo( Nkgfu Umdifoz f slmTfuhc(k ;90;5113 ,qmujmos ks }ocizsfusmc quijmz)

k/ M|qfusz kz Zlkum f Qufc}jsifo

;90;;903 ;941;943 ;9


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz 0;

z}nnkuiwmz slm ociodz f k omt zms f mzsinksmz f cizsfusifoz sf kduij}hs}ukhiojmosipmz fpmu slm qkzs lkh.jmos}uy/

3/ Mzsinksmz f Cizsfusifoz sf Kduij}hs}ukh Iojmosipmz

K zs}cy jfnqhmsmc stf cmjkcmz kdf zlftmc slks cmpmhfqiod mjfofnimz lkcemmo lmkpihy sk|iod slmiu kduij}hs}ukh zmjsfuz( efsl ciumjshy koc iociumjshy( eyqufsmjsiod nko}kjs}uiod ufn inqfus jfnqmsisifo koc fpmupkh}mc m|jlkodmuksmz ,Bu}mdmu( Zjli( koc Pkhcz ;9


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,khslf}dl slmum lkpm emmo z}ezskosikh jlkodmz io zfnm iocipic}kh jf}osuimz(tisl cmjhiomz io Nkhkyzik2 Qlihiqqiomz2 Zui Hkobk2 koc Skiqmi(Jliok fzms eyiojumkzmz io jf}osuimz z}jl kz Pims Okn( Slkihkoc( koc QUJ)/ Ey jfosukzs(

ziojm slm hksm ;941z( slm zlkum f inqfusz io cfnmzsij jfoz}nqsifo f kunqufc}jsz lkz {}kcu}qhmc( sf uf}dlhy 51- ,Skehm 3/;)/

Slm iojumkziod cmqmocmojm fo inqfusz f kun qufc}jsz io Kzik lkzfjj}uumc cmzqism hftmu sk|mz fo kduij}hs}ukh m|qfusz koc dumksmu iojmosipmzqufpicmc sf kunmuz pik dfpmuonmos qfhijy umfunz/ Emfum qumzmosiod slfzmumz}hsz( is iz omjmzzkuy sf euim`y z}nnkuiwm slm nmslfcfhfdy }zmc sf dmomuksmslmzm omt iocijksfuz f cizsfusifoz ,cmskihz f tlijl kum kpkihkehm io Kocmuzfoms kh/ 511


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz 0:

tlmum OUKkdn koc OUKkd| kum slm kpmukdm qmujmoskdm OUKz fu slm inqfus.jfnqmsiod koc m|qfuskehm qkusz f slm kduij}hs}ukh zmjsfu/ Slm SEI iocijksmzio k ziodhm o}nemu slm m|smos sf tlijl slm syqijkhhy kosi.sukcm eikz ,omdksipm

SEI) io kduij}hs}ukh qfhijimz jlkodmz fpmu sinm/Slm jfpmukdm f qufc}jsz fu OUK mzsinksmz kpmukdmz emstmmo stf.sliucz

koc slumm.{}kusmuz f slm dufzz pkh}m f Kziko kun qufc}jsifo ks }ocizsfusmcquijmz/ K}slfuz f slm jf}osuy jkzm zs}cimz khzf qufpicm d}mzzsinksmz f slmOUKz fu ofo.jfpmumc kun qufc}jsz/ Tmidlsmc kpmukdmz fu khh kduij}hs}ukhqufc}jsz kum slmo dmomuksmc( }ziod slm dufzz pkh}mz f qufc}jsifo ks }okzzizsmcquijmz kz tmidlsz/ @fu jf}osuimz slks khzf qufpicm ofo.qufc}js.zqmjijkduij}hs}ukh z}ezicimz fu sk|mz ,kzz}nmc sf em zlkumc fo k quf.uksk ekziz

emstmmo sukckehmz koc ofosukckehmz)( z}jl oms kzzizskojm iz slmo kccmc sfqufc}js.zqmjij kzzizskojm sf jkhj}hksm ko OUK fu sfskh kduij}hs}um ,koc khzffu sukckehm kduij}hs}ukh qufc}jsz)/

@kunmuz kum ofs fohy kmjsmc ey slm quijmz f slmiu fto f}sq}sz( e}s khzf eyslm iojmosipmz ofo.kduij}hs}ukh qufc}jmuz kjm/ Slks iz( is iz umhksipm quijmz( koclmojm( umhksipm uksmz f dfpmuonmos kzzizskojm slks kmjs qufc}jmu iojmosipmz/Nfum slko zmpmosy ymkuz kdf Hmuomu ,;9:0) q}ehizlmc liz zynnmsuy slmfumnslks qufpmc slks io k stf.zmjsfu mjfofny( ko inqfus sk| lkz slm zknm mmjs

kz ko m|qfus sk|/ Sliz khzf kqqhimz sf k nfcmh slks iojh}cmz k sliuc zmjsfuqufc}jiod fohy ofosukckehmz( fu sf k nfcmh tisl inqmumjs jfnqmsisifo(koc kqqhimz umdkuchmzz f slm mjfofnyz ziwm ,Pf}zcmo ;991)/ I fom kzz}nmzslmum kum of cizsfusifoz io slm nkubms fu ofosukckehmz koc slks slm pkh}mzlkumz f kduij}hs}ukh koc ofo.kduij}hs}ukh( ofo.sukckehm qufc}jsz umnkiojfozskos( slmo slm mjfofny.ticm mmjs f cizsfusifoz sf kduij}hs}ukh iojmosipmzjko em jkqs}umc ey slm m|smos sf tlijl slm sukckehm qkusz f kduij}hs}ukhqufc}jsifo kum kzzizsmc fu sk|mc umhksipm sf qufc}jmuz f ofo.kun sukckehmz/Ey dmomuksiod mzsinksmz f slm kpmukdm OUK fu ofo.kduij}hs}ukh sukckehmz(is iz slmo qfzziehm sf jkhj}hksm k umhksipm uksm f kzzizskojm ,UUK)( cmomc ioqmujmoskdm smunz kz7

,5) UUK > ;11R,;"OUKkds;11),;"OUKofokds;11) .; (

tlmum OUKkds koc OUKofokds kum slm tmidlsmc kpmukdm qmujmoskdm OUKz fu

slm sukckehm qkusz f slm kduij}hs}ukh koc ofo.kduij}hs}ukh zmjsfuz( umzqmjsipmhy/Ziojm slm OUK jkoofs em hmzz slko .;11- i qufc}jmuz kum sf mkuo koysliod(omislmu jko slm UUK ,kzz}niod OUKofokds iz qfzisipm)/ I efsl f slfzm zmjsfuzkum m{}khhy kzzizsmc( slm UUK iz wmuf/ Sliz nmkz}um iz }zm}h io slks i is iz emhft


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,kefpm) wmuf( is qufpicmz ko iosmuoksifokhhy jfnqkukehm iocijksifo f slm m|smossf tlijl k jf}osuyz qfhijy umdinm lkz ko kosi. ,quf.) kduij}hs}ukh eikz/

Io jkhj}hksiod slm OUK fu qufc}jmuz f kduij}hs}ukh koc ofo.kduij}hs}ukh

sukckehmz( f}u kqqufkjl zf}dls sf iojh}cm cizsfusifoz dmomuksmc ey c}kh fun}hsiqhm m|jlkodm uksmz/ Z}jl ciumjs iosmupmosifoz io slm nkubms fu fumidoj}uumojy tmum jfnnfo io zfnm Kziko jf}osuimz io slm ;941z koc ;9


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz 0=

nmkz}um qufpicmz ko mzsinksm f slm jfnnfo sukcm sk| kjufzz khh kduij}hs}ukhqufc}jsz slks tf}hc dmomuksm slm zknm tmhkum jfzs ,fu zknm umc}jsifo io sukcm)

kz slks dmomuksmc ey slm kjs}kh zsu}js}um f OUKz koc JSMz io k jf}osuy/ Io

sliz tky( slm TUI koc SUI kum emssmu kehm sf kqquf|inksm tlks k jfnq}skehmdmomukh m{}ihieui}n nfcmh jko qufpicm io slm tky f mzsinksmz f slm sukcmkoc tmhkum ,koc fslmu) mmjsz f slm quijm cizsfusifoz jkqs}umc ey slm OUKkoc JSM mzsinksmz fu k dipmo qufc}jskoc lkpm slm kcpkoskdm f emiod kehmsf iocijksm sumocz fpmu sinm/

3/5 Mzsinksmz f OUKz( UUKz( JSMz( TUIz( koc SUIz

@iuzs( mzsinksmz f OUKz sf kduij}hs}um tihh em jfnqkumc tisl ofniokh uksmzfu ofo.kduij}hs}ukh sukckehmz io Kzik koc tisl zinihku uksmz fu fslmu umdifoz/Slmo( mzsinksmz ufn slm TUI koc SUI tihh em qufpicmc( kdkio umqfusiodslfzm fu fslmu umdifoz fu jfnqkuizfo/

Ofniokh Uksmz f Kzzizskojm sf Kduij}hs}um

@ufn slm nic.;9=1z sf slm mkuhy ;9


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Skehm 3/57 Ofniokh Uksmz f Kzzizskojm sf Kduij}hs}um(kKziko.@fj}z Mjfofnimz( ;9==5113e,qmujmos)

;9==;9=9

;901;903

;90=;909

;941;943

;94=;949

;9


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz 04

slumm qufc}jsz( lftmpmu( slmum iz dumks cipmuzisy io OUKz kjufzz jf}osuimz( tislpm.ymku kpmukdmz ukodiod ufn khnfzs wmuf sf kz n}jl kz 311- fu uijm koc;31- fu nihb io slm Umq}ehij f Bfumk( koc sf 5:1- fu z}dku io Ekodhkcmzl/

Slmum iz khzf k dumks cmkh f OUK cipmuzisy kjufzz jfnnfcisimz tislio mkjlKziko mjfofnyz kun zmjsfu( koc slm ukodm ,kz nmkz}umc ey slm zskockuccmpiksifo) lkz dufto ukslmu slko cinioizlmc fpmu slm qkzs pm cmjkcmz( ufn kumdifokh kpmukdm f hmzz slko 31- io slm mkuhy ymkuz f slm qmuifc emiod zs}cimc(sf nfum slko ==- io umjmos ymkuz/ Sliz z}ddmzsz slks slmum iz zsihh n}jl slksjf}hc em dkiomc ufn inqufpmc umzf}ujm umkhhfjksifo( efsl emstmmo Kzikomjfofnimz koc tislio slm kduij}hs}ukh zmjsfu f iocipic}kh Kziko mjfofnimz(i cimumojmz io uksmz f kzzizskojm tmum umc}jmc/

K zsuibiod mks}um f slm cizsfusifo qkssmuo tislio slm kun zmjsfu iz isz zsufodkosi.sukcm eikz/ Sliz iz mpicmos ufn @id}um 3/=( tlijl cmqijsz slm kpmukdm OUKz

fu kduij}hs}umz inqfus.jfnqmsiod koc m|qfus z}ezmjsfuz fu slm umdifo/ Slmfunmuz kpmukdm iz khtkyz qfzisipm koc isz sumoc iz }qtkuc.zhfqiod( tlmumkzslm kpmukdm OUK fu m|qfuskehmz iz omdksipm koc cic ofs cinioizl }osih slm;9


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0 ofniokh uksm f kzzizskojm( QUJ > Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij f Jliok/

Ofsmz7k Slm sfskh OUK jko em kefpm fu emhft slm m|qfuskehm koc inqfuskehm kpmukdmz emjk}zm kzzizskojm sf

ofosukckehmz koc ofo.qufc}js zqmji`j kzzizskojm iz khzf iojh}cmc/e Slm m|qfuskehmz( inqfus.jfnqmsiod( koc sfskh mzsinksmz kum ekzmc fo QUJ qum.;9


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fu kunmuz/ Slm tmidlsmc kpmukdm UUK tkz hmzz slko .=1- }q sf slm mkuhy;941z e}s inqufpmc sf ko kpmukdm f .:5- io slm ;9 ofniokh uksm f kzzizskojm( UUK > umhksipm uksm f kzzizskojm/

Ofsmz7k Slm UUK iz cm`omc kz ;11'R,;11"OUKkds)&,;11"OUKofokds).;^( tlmum OUKkds koc OUKofokds kum slm

qmujmoskdm OUKz fu slm sukckehmz qkusz f slm kduij}hs}ukh koc ofo.kduij}hs}ukh zmjsfuz( umzqmjsipmhy/e Slm m|qfuskehmz( inqfus.jfnqmsiod( koc sfskh mzsinksmz kum ekzmc fo QUJ qum.;9


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Skehm 3/:7 Umhksipm Uksmz f Kzzizskojm ,UUK) sf Kduij}hs}um(kKziko.@fj}z Mjfofnimz( ;9==5113 ,qmujmos)

;9==

;9=9

;901

;903

;90=

;909

;941

;943

;94=

;949

;9


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;9==

;9=9

;901

;903

;90=

;909

;941

;943

;94=

;949

;9


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slm zskockuc cmpiksifo io UUKz kjufzz slm mjfofnimz f slm umdifo fpmu sinm/Sliz z}ddmzsz slks cizsfusifoz lkpm emjfnm nfum cizqmuzmc kjufzz jf}osuimzfpmu sinm/ Slm cizqmuzifo kpmukdmc :=- io ;901;943( =1- io ;94=;9


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,Kocmuzfo ;993( ;99=)/ K dhkojm ks Skehmz 3/5 koc 3/: z}ddmzsz slks Kzikomjfofnimz lkpm emmokoc jfosio}m sf emjfosuie}sfuz sf slks sumoc/ Sliziz jfounmc zsksizsijkhhy io slm n}hsiqhm umdumzzifoz tisl jf}osuy koc sinm

|mc mmjsz zlfto io Skehm 3/3/

@id}um 3/47 Ofniokh koc Umhksipm Uksmz f Kzzizskojm( QUJ( koc Iocik(;90=511= ,qmujmos)

Iocik

QUJ

OUK > ofniokh uksm f kzzizskojm( QUJ > Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij f Jliok( UUK > umhksipm uksm f kzzizskojm/

Zf}ujmz7 Jkhj}hksmc ufn Kocmuzfo koc Pkhmow}mhk ,511


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@id}um 3/ Hksio Knmuijko jf}osuimz( OUK > ofniokh uksm f kzzizskojm( QUJ > Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij f Jliok(UUK > umhksipm uksm f kzzizskojm/

Ofsmz7k @ipm.ymku tmidlsmc kpmukdmz tisl pkh}m f qufc}jsifo ks }ocizsfusmc quijmz kz tmidlsz/e Mzsinksmz fu slm QUJ qum.;9


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Skehm 3/37 Umhksifozliqz emstmmo Ofniokh Uksmz f` Kzzizskojm sf @kunQufc}jsz koc zfnm f` slmiu Cmsmuniokosz( Kziko CmpmhfqiodMjfofnimz( ;9015113

M|qhkoksfuypkuikehmz7 j

,;) ,5) ,:) ,3) ,=) ,0) ,4) ,


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Jfoz}nmu Sk| M{}ipkhmosz f Kduij}hs}ukh Qfhijimz

Slm JSM ks slm kun hmpmh iz m{}ipkhmos sf slm OUK fu mkjl jfpmumc qufc}jsfohy tlmo of kun ioq}s fu cfnmzsij f}sq}s quijm cizsfusifoz m|izs( koc

tlmo of cfnmzsij jfoz}nqsifo sk|mz fu z}ezicimz kum io qhkjm/ Io z}jljkzmz( slm OUK iz m|jh}zipmhy slm umz}hs f efucmu nmkz}umz z}jl kz inqfus fum|qfus sk|mz fu umzsuijsifoz/ Lftmpmu( z}jl cfnmzsij cizsfusifoz kum qumzmosio zmpmukh Kziko mjfofnimz/ Io slm Umq}ehij f Bfumk( fu m|knqhm( qufc}jmuquijmz lkpm emmo tmhh kefpm jfoz}nmu quijmz fu zmpmukh inqfuskos jufqqufc}jsz fu cmjkcmz( tlihm io slm QUJ( slm fqqfzism tkz su}m ks hmkzs }osihslm mkuhy ;991z/ Io slm QUJ( qufc}jmuz f ffc zskqhmz tmum sk|mc nfumslko jfoz}nmuz tmum z}eziciwmc( mpmo skbiod iosf kjjf}os slm iufo uijm

efth io.bioc qkusikh tkdm qkynmos umjmipmc ey nkoy }ueko tfubmuz/ Khzf(emjk}zm f iosmuoksifokh sukcm( slm tmidlsz fom }zmz sf kddumdksm qufc}jscizsfusifo uksmz fo slm jfoz}nqsifo zicm f slm nkubms cimu ufn slfzm}zmc fo slm qufc}jsifo zicm/ Lmojm( kddumdksm JSMz cimu zfnmtlks ufnkddumdksm OUKz io mkjl mjfofny/

Tmhkum koc Sukcm Umc}jsifo Iocm|mz

Skehm 3/= umqfusz slm TUIz fu kduij}hs}ukh inqfus.jfnqmsiod qufc}jsz(

m|qfuskehmz( khh jfpmumc sukckehm qufc}jsz( koc khh jfpmumc qufc}jsz ufn;901 sf 5114 fu Kzik koc f}u fslmu umdifoz( koc fu slm tfuhc kz k tlfhm/0Slm TUI umz}hsz fu jfpmumc qufc}jsz zlft k zinihku qkssmuo fpmu slm pmumdifoz/ K jfozskos fu iojumkziod smocmojy fu qfhijimz ufn slm ;901z sf slmnic.;9


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Skehm 3/=7 Tmhkum Umc}jsifo Iocm|mz( Kziko( Kuijko( Hksio Knmuijko(M}ufqmko Sukozisifo Mjfofnimz( koc Lidl.Iojfnm Umdifoz(kKhh Jfpmumc Sukckehm @kun Qufc}jsz( ;9015114 ,qmujmos)

;901

;903

;90=

;909

;941

;943

;94=

;949

;9


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4 jfoz}nmu sk| m{}ipkhmos( OUK > ofniokh uksm f kzzizskojm/

Zf}ujmz7 Hhfyc( Jufzmu( koc Kocmuzfo ,5119)( ekzmc fo OUKz koc JSMz io Kocmuzfo koc Pkhmow}mhk ,511


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@id}um 3/;17 Sukcm Umc}jsifo Iocm|mz fu Jfpmumc Sukckehm @kunQufc}jsz( ey Umdifo( ;9015114 ,qmujmos)

Kuijk( Kzik( koc Hksio Knmuijk

Cmpmhfqiod Jf}osuimz( Lidl.Iojfnm Jf}osuimz( koc M}ufqmko Sukozisifo

Mjfofnimz

JSM > jfoz}nmu sk| m{}ipkhmos( OUK > ofniokh uksm f kzzizskojm/

Zf}ujmz7 Hhfyc( Jufzmu( koc Kocmuzfo ,5119)( ekzmc fo OUKz koc JSMz io Kocmuzfo koc Pkhmow}mhk ,511


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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz


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99/234



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ofniokh uksm f kzzizskojm( Qt > tfuhc quijm( ]ZC > ]oismc Zsksmz cfhhku/

Ofsmz7k Jfuumhksifo jfm`jimos iz .1/4=/e

Jfuumhksifo jfm`jimos iz .1/=9/Zf}ujmz7 Kocmuzfo koc Nkusio ,5119)( ekzmc fo cksk io Kocmuzfo koc Pkhmow}mhk ,511


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102/234

Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij f Jliok( UUK > umhksipm uksm f kzzizskojm/



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Kzikz Ufhm io Zskeihiwiod @ffc koc Kduij}hs}ukh Quijmz Qmfqhmz Umq}ehij fJliok( TSF > Tfuhc Sukcm Fudkoiwksifo/



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slm dfpmuonmos n}jl io slm om|s cmjkcm fu zf2;; koc slm hmdkh jfozsukiosz foKzikz cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimz slks gfiomc slm TSF mkuhimu ,tisl slm m|jmqsifof slm Umq}ehij f Bfumk) kum mpmo hmzz jfozsukioiod/ Io Iocik( Qkbizsko( koc

Ekodhkcmzl( fu m|knqhm( slm mzsinksmc OUKz fu kduij}hs}ukh inqfuskehmzio 51115113 kum :3-( 3-( koc 0-( umzqmjsipmhy( tlmumkz slm kpmukdm ef}ocskuiz fo slmiu kduij}hs}ukh inqfusz tmum ;;3-( 90-( koc ;


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tlmo nfum.nfeihm nmnemuz f kun lf}zmlfhcz kum kehm sf oc }hh. fu qkus.sinm tfub f slm kun koc umqksuiksm k qfusifo f slmiu lidlmu mkuoiodz sfknihy nmnemuz ,Fsz}bk koc Yknkof 51102 Tfuhc Ekob 5114)/ Jfojmusmc

dfpmuonmos iosmupmosifo sluf}dl zfjikh qfhijy nmkz}umz iz l}dmhy inqfuskos(efsl io umc}jiod slm dkqz emstmmo u}ukh koc }ueko iojfnmz( icmosimc kz kjfojmuo ey Lkykni ,5114)( koc io ukiziod oksifokh iojfnmz fpmukhh ,Tiosmuz(NjJ}hhfjl( koc NjBky 5113)/ Mjimos tkyz f kzzizsiod fpmuhffbmc duf}qzf qffu ,ofo.kun fu kun) lf}zmlfhcz iojh}cm q}ehij iopmzsnmos nmkz}umzslks lkpm lidl zfjikh qkyfz( z}jl kz io ekzij mc}jksifo koc lmkhsl jkum( u}ukhioukzsu}js}um( koc kduij}hs}ukh umzmkujl koc cmpmhfqnmos/;5

Inqufpmnmosz io kun qufc}jsipisy slks iojumkzm f}sq}s tlihm hftmuiod

jfoz}nmu quijmz kum hibmhy sf em n}jl nfum inqfuskos fu hfod.u}o ffczmj}uisy slko inqfus umzsuijsifoz/ Efsl iojumkzm kunmu iojfnmz( e}squfc}jsipisy duftsl hftmuz ffc jfzsz sf jfoz}nmuz/ Nfumfpmu( umjfdoiwmczfjikh emomsz ufn m|qkociod iopmzsnmosz io kduij}hs}ukh U&C lkpm emjfnmmpmo dumksmu io umjmos ymkuz( c}m sf slm slumks f jhinksm jlkodm/ Io nkoyumdifoz kduij}hs}um tihh lkpm sf jfosmoc tisl lfssmu( cuimu( koc nfum pfhksihmtmkslmu( koc lmojm( tisl zjkujmu tksmu z}qqhimz ,Qkjij Mjfofnij JffqmuksifoJf}ojih 511


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koc slks duftsl io oms ffc inqfusz ey ukqichy ioc}zsuikhiwiod mjfofnimz ioKzik iz k zidoijkos jfosuie}sfu sf sliz qlmofnmofo/;: Yms( kz zlfto io @id}um3/4 koc Skehm 3/; kefpm( fpmu slm qkzs stf fu nfum cmjkcmz( slm QUJ koc Iocik

lkpm zsmkcihy ukizmc slmiu UUKz( cmzqism slmiu lkpiod emmo z}jimos sf bmmqefsl jf}osuimz pmuy jhfzm sf zmh.z}jimojy io quinkuy kduij}hs}ukh qufc}jszfpmu slm qumpif}z f}u cmjkcmz/ Io smunz f sfskh kduij}hs}ukh koc qufjmzzmcffc sukcm( lftmpmu( io 51115113 slm QUJ emjknm k oms inqfusmu fu slmuzs sinm( tlihm( io Zf}sl Kzik( Iocikz oms m|qfusz f kun qufc}jsz tmum hmzzslko slfzm f Qkbizsko fu Ekodhkcmzl fu slm uzs sinm ziojm slm hksm ;901z,Zkocui( Pkhmow}mhk( koc Kocmuzfo 5114)/;3 Zlf}hc slmzm dfpmuonmosz jlffzmsf nkioskio UUKz ks j}uumos hmpmhz ,jhfzm sf wmuf)( slm inqfus cmqmocmojm f

slmzm jf}osuimz io kduij}hs}um jf}hc iojumkzm/ I sliz fjj}uz( fslmu cmpmhfqiodjf}osuimz nidls umjfozicmu slmiu j}uumos qfzisifo io slm TSFz Cflk Uf}ocf sukcm omdfsiksifoz/ Ey kdummiod sf z}ezskosikhhy hftmu slmiu ef}oc skuizkoc z}ezicimz fo kduij}hs}ukh qufc}jsz( slmy jf}hc m|sukjs dumksmu jfojmzzifozufn lidl.iojfnm jf}osuimz tislf}s lkpiod sf umc}jm slmiu kjs}kh kqqhimcuksmz fu slm fumzmmkehm }s}um/ I k z}jjmzz}h Cflk kdummnmos tkz slmojfojh}cmc( slm umz}hs tf}hc em k umc}jsifo io skui eiociod fpmulkodz( koclmojm f slm zjfqm sf pkuy sk|mz fo kun sukcm/ Sliz tf}hc effzs kduij}hs}ukh

sukcm( slijbmoiod iosmuoksifokh nkubmsz fu kun qufc}jsz( koc umc}jiodffc quijm iozskeihisy/ I Kzik tizlmz sf skbm k hmkc io sliz ciumjsifo( slmum izof emssmu qufc}js sf fj}z fo slko uijm/

Ummumojmz

Kocmuzfo( G/ M/( koc G/ Q/ Omkuy/ 511=/Nmkz}uiod slm Umzsuijsipmomzz f Iosmuoksifokh Sukcm

Qfhijy/ Jkneuicdm( NK7 NIS Qumzz/Kocmuzfo( B/ ;993/ @ffc Quijm Qfhijy io Mkzs Kzik/ Kziko.Qkjiij Mjfofnij Hismuks}um


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( mc/ @fusljfniod/Cizsfusifoz sf Kduij}hs}ukh Iojmosipmz7 K Dhfekh Qmuzqmjsipm( ;9==5114/Hfocfo7 Qkhdukpm Nkjnihhko koc Tkzliodsfo( CJ7 Tfuhc Ekob/

Kocmuzfo( B/( koc Y/ Lkykni/ ;9


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Lkykni( Y/ 5114/ Ko Mnmudiod Kduij}hs}ukh Qufehmn io Lidl.Qmufuniod Kziko Mjfofnimz/Tfuhc Ekob Qfhijy Umzmkujl Tfubiod Qkqmu 3:;5/ Tkzliodsfo( CJ7 Tfuhc Ekob/

Iosmuoksifokh @ffc Qfhijy Umzmkujl Iozsis}sm ,I@QUI)/ 5114/ Slm Tfuhc @ffc Zis}ksifo7 OmtCuipiod @fujmz koc Um{}iumc Kjsifoz/ Tkzliodsfo( CJ7 I@QUI/

Gflozfo( C/ D/ ;94=/ Tfuhc Kduij}hs}um( Jfnnfcisy Qfhijy( koc Quijm Pkuikeihisy/ KnmuijkoGf}uokh f Kduij}hs}ukh Mjfofnijz =4,=)7


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Qkucmy( Q/( O/ N/ Emiosink( Z/ Cmlnmu( koc Z/ Tffc/ 5110/ Kduij}hs}ukh Umzmkujl7 K DuftiodDhfekh Cipicm6@ffc Qfhijy Umqfus/ Tkzliodsfo( CJ7 Iosmuoksifokh @ffc Qfhijy UmzmkujlIozsis}sm/

Qkjij Mjfofnij Jffqmuksifo Jf}ojih ,QMJJ)/ 511


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Jfnnmosz

Eknekod Q/Z/ Eufcgfomdfuf

Byn Kocmuzfoz jlkqsmu cizj}zzmz slm ufhm f Kziko dfpmuonmosz io zskeihiwiod

slm quijm f ffc koc fslmu kduij}hs}ukh qufc}jsz/ Io slm hkzs ffc quijm libm( slmufhm f dfpmuonmosz io cmpmhfqmc jf}osuimz f}szicm Kzik tkz {}ism io`}mosikh/Qkoij umhksiod sf fih quijm libmz qufnqsmc slm dfpmuonmosz f zfnm cmpmhfqmcjf}osuimz sf qufnfsm slm qufc}jsifo f eif}mh nkcm ufn sukcisifokh ffcjufqz ,m/d/( jfuo io slm ]Z)/ Fojm slm ]Z dfpmuonmos emdko sf qufnfsm jfuokz slm ekzm nksmuikh fu mslkofh eif}mh( nkoy kunmuz zlismc ufn zfyemkozsf jfuo c}m sf lidlmu eif}mh quijmz/ Sliz ticmzqumkc zlis sf jfuo umz}hsmc ioumc}jmc qufc}jsifo f zfyemkoz koc k z}ccmo iojumkzm io slm quijm f efsl

jfuo koc zfyemkoz( jumksiod qufehmnz fu inqfusiod jf}osuimz( iojh}ciodnkoy cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimz/

Sliz ]Z jkzm qufpmc slks oksifokh qfhijimz jko io`}mojm cfnmzsij kduij}hs}ukhquijm }js}ksifo fpmu sinm koc jko mislmu lmhq slm jf}osuyz kun lf}zmlfhczks slm m|qmozm f cfnmzsij jfoz}nmuz( fu pijm pmuzk/ Ziojm slm ]Z iz k hmkciodffc m|qfusmu( slm io}mojm f isz qfhijimz m|smocz sf iosmuoksifokh qkusimz(mzqmjikhhy jfoz}nmuz/ Slm umm sukcm f kduij}hs}ukh qufc}jsz( qkusij}hkuhy fffc( zlf}hc em slm zfh}sifo sf fpmujfniod slm cmqmocmojm fo nkgfu qufc}jmujf}osuimz qfhijimz/ Slm m|izsmojm f ffc sukcm umzsuijsifoz( iojh}ciod m|qfusumzsuijsifoz( jfosuie}smz sf lidl iosmuoksifokh umkh ffc quijmz/ Tislf}s koiojumkzm io qufc}jsipisy duftsl( quijmz io 51=1 jf}hc em :1


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iociumjshy kqqhy sukcm qufsmjsifo sf ffc fu slm emoms f kunmuz ukslmu slkof slm ffc iszmh2 sliz iz slm jkzm io efsl cmpmhfqmc koc cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimz/Is iz ofs umkhhy jhmku tlf emomsz nfum ufn ffc qufsmjsifo7 jfoz}nmuz fu

kunmuz/ Dfpmuonmosz suy sf mzskehizl ffc quijmz slks tihh jumksm k ekhkojmemstmmo cfnmzsij j}zsfnmu q}ujlkziod qftmu koc qufs nkudioz fu kunmuz/Is iz mkzimu fu cmpmhfqmc jf}osuimz tisl umhksipmhy lidl cfnmzsij q}ujlkziodqftmu sf cmsmuniom tlks quijm tihh em kjjmqsmc ey slm nkgfuisy f cfnmzsijj}zsfnmuz2 cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimz tihh lkpm k lkucmu sinm ociod k quijm slks tihhzksizy kunmuz e}s ofs em k e}ucmo fu umhksipmhy hft.iojfnm j}zsfnmuz/

K ekhkojm emstmmo slm jfo`ijsiod dfkhz f qmfqhmz tmhkum koc mjfofnijmjimojy sluf}dl fqmoomzz zlf}hc em kjlimpmc ey umnfpiod ekuuimuz sf

kduij}hs}ukh m|qfusz koc inqfusz( jfneiomc tisl dfpmuonmos qfhijimz slks jkoinqufpm slm umkh iojfnm f kunmuz/ Inqufpiod kunmuz tmhkum( fu m|knqhm(zlf}hc ofs fj}z m|jh}zipmhy fo qufsmjsifo f qufc}jsz fu fo nkioskioiod lidlkusijikh quijmz( e}s zlf}hc kin nfum ks inqufpiod {}khisy f him koc hftmuiodioq}s jfzsz/ Slm cfnmzsij nkubms quijm zlf}hc emssmu um`mjs slm iosmuoksifokhquijm( tlijl tf}hc umz}hs io kunmuz umpmo}mz emiod kmjsmc ey ffc quijm}js}ksifo/ Lidl quijm }js}ksifo fsmo iopismz dfpmuonmos iosmupmosifo ioslm fun f ciumjs nkubms fqmuksifoz fu slm jumksifo f e}mu zsfjb sf zskeihiwm

quijmz/ Khslf}dl jfozicmumc iomjimos( slm icmk f e}mu zsfjb iz zsihh kssukjsipmsf cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimz/ Sliz nky em emjk}zm kunmuz io cmpmhfqiod jf}osuimzkum nfum uizb kpmuzm slko slfzm io cmpmhfqmc jf}osuimz/

Slm zin}hksifo umz}hsz dmomuksmc }ziod slm dmomukh m{}ihieui}n kqqufkjlcizj}zzmc io Kocmuzfoz jlkqsmu umpmkhmc slks qfhijy umfunz lkpm inqufpmcdhfekh tmhkum {}ism zidoijkoshy( koc slks cmpmhfqiod mjfofnimz lkpm emomsmcnfum qufqfusifoksmhy slko lidl.iojfnm mjfofnimz/ @}uslmunfum( 01- ftmhkum dkioz ufn hi

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