aspects of umts author: tassilo bassermann. 6. april 2004umts tassilo bassermann outline of report...
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Aspects of UMTS
Author: Tassilo Bassermann
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Outline of report
Cellular standards Evolution of wireless communication systems
UMTS Characteristics Features and services of UMTS
UMTS Architecture Cell Hierarchy Network Architecture
UMTS Technology Multiplexing
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
First Generation (1G): Analog Cellular Transmission of analog voice information Most prominent technology: AMPS (Advanced
Mobile Phone System) In Germany: A- B- and C-Net (1958, 1972,
1985) Immense annual growth rates, rising to nearly
20 million subscribers worldwide by 1990
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
Second Generation (2G): Development driven by need to improve
transmission quality, system capacity and coverage
Introduction of digital technologies (early 90´s) Services:
Domination of speech transmission Demands for fax, SMS, data transmission
Circuit switched networks
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
Second Generation (2G): 2G Technologies
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
Transition from 2G to 3G (2.5G): Intermediate standards to 3G Motivation: Avoiding costs for new
transmission technologies and infrastructure HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
New Core Network (routing) Importance of IP and internet access
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
Transition from 2G to 3G (2.5G): EDGE (Enhanced Data for Global Evolution)
GSM/GPRS upgrade (TDMA/FDMA) Modulation Enhancement (8-PSK, Phase Shift
Keying) Attractive for operators which cannot afford a
licence for the radio spectrum Possible data rate of 384 kbit/s
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
Third Generation (3G): Requirements:
High data rates Flexible operating environments Spectral efficiency/capacity Multimedia services Packet data network and IP mobility Global roaming Quality of service Interoperability with 2G networks
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
Third Generation – IMT-2000: IMT-2000 (International Mobile
Telecommunications at 2000 MHz) A standard created by the ITU (International
Telecommunications Union) Different standards grouped together, to
support existing infrastructure
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Wireless Communication Systems
IMT – 2000:
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Characteristics
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard): Defined by Third Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP) in 1999 European Version of 3G mobile communication
system Spectrum allocation (Europe):
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Characteristics
UMTS – Licenses (Germany):
Operator Paired Packets Bil. DM Unpaired Packets Bil. DM
E-Plus / Hutchinson
2 16,42 1 0,0736
Group 3G 2 16,45 1 0,1227
Mannesmann Mobilfunk
2 16,47 1 0,121
Mobilcom 2 16,37 1 0,121
T-Mobil 2 16,58 1 0,1227
Viag Interkom 2 16,52
SUM 12 98,81 5 0,561
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Characteristics
UMTS – Services: Information (online information) Education (virtual school) Entertainment (audio on demand) Community Services (administration transactions) Business Information (mobile office) Communication (video-conference) Business Services (virtual banking) Special Services (online support)
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Characteristics
UMTS – Service Classes: Conversational (real-time, voice-video, low
jitter, low delay) Streaming (real-time, multimedia, low jitter) Interactive (limited response time, browsing,
database retrieval, low round trip delay time, low BER)
Background (stable transactions, e-mail, file transfer, low BER)
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Characteristics
UMTS Advantages: Improved capacity (4 to 5 times higher
compared with GSM) Variable bit rate Quick and secure connection establishment Breathing cells Improved signal to noise ratio Broadband spectrum Macro diversity
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Architecture
Cell Hierarchy
Cell Range Max. data rate Max. Velocity
Macro cell 2km 144kbit/s 500km/h
Micro cell 1km 384kbit/s 120km/h
Pico cell 60m 2Mbit/s 10km/h
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Architecture
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network): Two essential radio interface models
UTRA-FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)
UTRA-TDD (Time Division Duplex)
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
UTRA – FDD: Paired frequency bands Two 5 MHz bands, for uplink and downlink Duplex distance of 190 MHz Signal spreading (Channelization code) W-CDMA Transfer rate of 3.84 million symbols per
second (Mcps) Primary technology for UMTS in Europe
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
UTRA – TDD: Unpaired frequency bands One single 5 MHz band Usage of time slots
Configuration of symmetric services Configuration of asymmetric services Advantage for data transmissions
One frame (10 ms) consists of 15 timeslots Signal spreading (Channelization code) W-CDMA combined with TDMA
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
FDD – TDD:
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access): Motivation:
Use of Code-Multiplexing to transfer different signals over the same carrier
Separation through different code patterns Receiver uses an orthogonal code, to demultiplex
the specific signal
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
W-CDMA: Method to compare two (orthogonal) codes:
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
W-CDMA: Signal coding:
Non Return To Zero Transmission
Signal bit combined with code pattern (chips)
Every bit is substituted with the resulting pattern
Increased data rate Increased need of bandwidth Band spreading
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
W-CDMA: Usage of constant chip rate
7,68 Mcps = bit rate * spreading factor (downlink) 3,34 Mcps = bit rate * spreading factor (uplink)
FDD spreading factor (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512(DL))
TDD spreading factor (1,2,4,8,16) Possibility to increase signal power of user equipment,
through reduction of the bit rate
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
Bit rate – spreading factor (FDD):
Bit rate Uplink Downlink
15kbit/s 256 512
30kbit/s 128 256
60kbit/s 64 128
120kbit/s 32 64
240kbit/s 16 32
480kbit/s 8 16
960kbit/s 4 8
1920kbit/s Not possible 4
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
Creation of orthogonal codes (channelization codes, spreading codes):
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
Channelization code: Possibility to change data rate every 10 ms Requirement:
Synchronous coded signals Downlink synchronous (station to user equipment) Uplink asynchronous (user equipment to station)
Additional code required Scrambling code
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
UMTS Technology
Scrambling Code: Synchronous and asynchronous orthogonal
codes Terminal Separation (uplink) Cell Separation (downlink) Does not affect bandwidth Multiplication with spreaded signal is
transmitted
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Conclusion
UMTS offers several advantages for operators and users compared with GSM
Necessary net coverage achieved (25% of population, Germany)
No experience with new technologies / risks Expensive user equipment Attractive competitors (GPRS, EDGE) Cautious operators after immense licence costs UMTS (FOMA) success in Japan (NTT
DoCoMo)
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
Sources
Riemer, Rudolf. UMTS – A Technical Overview. 2004. 6 April 2004 <http://www.umtslink.at/>.
UMTS. 4 Feb 2004. International Engineering Consortium. 6 April 2004 <http://www.iec.org/tutorials/umts>.
UMTS Resources. 8 Feb 2004. 6 April 2004 <http://www.3gnewsroom.com/html/whitepapers/>.
3G Wireless Standards. March 2004. Siemens mobile. 6 April 2004 <http://www.siemens-mobile.com/>.
Thomas, Andrew. 3G-Technology Specification. 2004. 6 April 2004 <http://www.three-g.net/>.
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6. April 2004 UMTSTassilo Bassermann
End of Session
Thank you for your attention!