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ASP.NET interview questions

1. What does the Orientation property do in a Menu control?

Orientation property of the Menu control sets the display of menu on a Web page to vertical orhorizontal.Originally the orientation is set to vertical.

. !i""erentiate #etween$

a.%&lient'side and server'side validations in We# pa(es.

- Client-side validations happends at the client's side with the help of Java cript and !" cript.#his happens before the Web page is sent to the server.- erver-side validations occurs place at the server side.

#.%Authentication and authori)ation.

- $uthentication is the process of verifyng the identity of a user using some credentials li%eusername and password while authorization determines the parts of the system to which a

particular identity has access.- $uthentication is re&uired before authorization.

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or e.g. (f an employee authenticates himself with his credentials on a system) authorization willdetermine if he has the control over *ust publishing the content or also editing it.

*.a.% What does the .We#Part "ile do?

(t e+plains the settings of a Web ,arts control that can be included to a specified zone on a Web page.

#.% +ow would you ena#le i,personation in the we#.con"i( "ile?

(n order to enable the impersonation in the web.confing file) ta%e the following steps- (nclude the identity/ element in the web.config file.- et the impersonate attribute to true as shown below

identity impersonate 0 1true1 2/

-. a.% !i""erentiate #etween

a.% ile'#ased dependency and /ey'#ased dependency.

- (n file-based dependency) the dependency is on a file saved in a dis% while in %ey-baseddependency) you depend on another cached item.

#.% 0lo#ali)ation and locali)ation.

- 3lobalization is a techni&ue to identify the part of a Web application that is different fordifferent languages and separate it out from the web application while in localization you try toconfigure a Web application so that it can be supported for a specific language or locale.

. a.%!i""erentiate #etween a pa(e the,e and a (lo#al the,e?

- ,age theme applies to a particular web pages of the pro*ect. (t is stored inside a subfolder of the$pp4#hemes folder.- 3lobal theme applies to all the web applications on the web server. (t is stored inside the#hemes folder on a Web server.

#.%What are We# server controls in ASP.NET?

- #hese are the ob*ects on $ ,.56# pages that run when the Web page is re&uested.

- ome of these Web server controls) li%e button and te+t bo+) are similar to the 7#M8 controls.- ome controls e+hibit comple+ behavior li%e the controls used to connect to data sources anddisplay data.

2. a.% !i""erentiate #etween a +yper3in/ control and a 3in/4utton control.

- $ 7yper8in% control does not have the Clic% and Command events while the 8in%"uttoncontrol has them) which can be handled in the code-behind file of the Web page.

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#.% +ow do &oo/ies wor/? 0ive an e5a,ple o" their a#use.

- #he server directs the browser to put some files in a coo%ie. $ll the coo%ies are then sent for thedomain in each re&uest.- $n e+ample of coo%ie abuse could be a case where a large coo%ie is stored affecting the

networ% traffic.

6. a.% What are &usto, 7ser &ontrols in ASP.NET?

- #hese are the controls defined by developers and wor% similart to other web server controls.- #hey are a mi+ture of custom behavior and predefined behavior.

#.% What is 8ole'#ased security?

- 9sed in almost all organization) the :ole-based security assign certain privileges to each role.- 6ach user is assigned a particular role from the list.

- ,rivileges as per role restrict the user's actions on the system and ensure that a user is able to doonly what he is permitted to do on the system.

9. What are the +TM3 server controls in ASP.NET?

- 7#M8 server controls are similar to the standard 7#M8 elements li%e those used in 7#M8 pages.- #hey e+pose properties and events for programatical use.- #o ma%e these controls programmatically accessible) we specify that the 7#M8 controls act asa server control by adding the runat01server1 attribute.

:. a.% What are the various types o" &oo/ies in ASP.NET?

#here e+ist two types of coo%ies in $ ,.56#

- ession Coo%ie - (t resides on the machine of the client for a single session and wor%s until theuser logs out of the session.- ,ersistent Coo%ie - (t resides on the machine of a user for a specified period. #his period can beset up manually by the user.

#.% +ow would you turn o"" coo/ies on one pa(e o" your we#site?

- #his can be done by using the Coo%ie.;iscard property.- (t 3ets or sets the discard flag set by the server.- When set to true) this property instructs the client application not to save the Coo%ie on the harddis% of the user at the end of the session.

c.% +ow would you create a per,anent coo/ie?

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- ,ermanent coo%ies are stored on the hard dis% and are available until a specified e+piration dateis reached.- #o create a coo%ie that never e+pires set its 6+pires property e&ual to ;ate#ime.ma+!alue.

1;. a.% E5plain &ulture and 7

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vi.= !alidation ummary -;isplays summary of all current validation errors on an $ ,.56# page.

1*. !i""erentiate #etween$

a.% Na,espace and Asse,#ly.

- 5amespace is a naming convenience for logical design-time while an assembly establishes thename scope for types at run time.

#.% Early #indin( and late #indin(.

6arly binding means calling a non-virtual method that is decided at a compile time while 8ate binding refers to calling a virtual method that is decided at a runtime.

1-. What are the di""erent /inds o" asse,#lies?

#here can be two types of assemblies.

i.= tatic assemblies -

- #hey are stored on dis% in portable e+ecutable files.- (t includes .56# ramewor% types li%e interfaces and classes) resources for the assembly

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- Windows authentication - (t uses the security features integrated in Windows 5# and Windows@, O to authenticate and authorize Web application users.

- orms authentication - (t allows you to create your own list of users and validate their identitywhen they visit the Web site.

- ,assport authentication - (t uses the Microsoft centralized authentication provider to identifyusers. ,assport allows users to use a single identity across multiple Web applications. ,assport

;A needs to be installed to use ,assport authentication in your Web application.

19. E5plain Server'side scriptin( and &lient'side scriptin(.

- erver side scripting - $ll the script are e+ecuted by the server and interpreted as needed.- Client side scripting means that the script will be e+ecuted immediately in the browser such asform field validation) email validation) etc. (t is usaullay carrried out in !" cript or Java cript.

1:. a.% What is (ar#a(e collection?

(t is a system where a run-time component ta%es responsibility for managing the lifetime ofob*ects and the heap memory that they occupy.

#.% E5plain seriali)ation and deseriali)ation.

- erialization is the process of converting an ob*ect into a stream of bytes.- ;eserialization is the process of creating an ob*ect from a stream of bytes.

"oth these processes are usually used to transport ob*ects.

;. What are the various session state ,ana(e,ent options provided #y ASP.NET?

- $ ,.56# provides two session state management options - (n-,rocess and Out-of-,rocess statemanagement.- (n-,rocess stores the session in memory on the web server.- Out-of-,rocess stores data in an e+ternal data source. #his data source may be a B8 erver ora tate erver service. Out-of-,rocess state management needs all ob*ects stored in session to beserializable.

ASP.NET interview questions - Jan 04, 2011 at 05:16 PM ! "a#u$

!escri#e how Passport authentication wor/s.

$ ,.56# application with ,assport authentication implemented chec%s the user s machine for acurrent passport authentication coo%ie. (f it is not available) $ ,.56# directs the user to a,assport sign-on page. #he ,assport service authenticates the user) stores an authenticationcoo%ie on the user s computer and direct the user to the re&uested page.

http://careerride.com/profile.aspx?Name=Rahul&Id=1408http://careerride.com/profile.aspx?Name=Rahul&Id=1408

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E5plain the steps to #e "ollowed to use Passport authentication.

D. (nstall the ,assport ;A.E. et the application s authentication mode to ,assport in Web.config.?. et authorization to deny unauthenticated users.

?. 9se the ,assport$uthentication4On$uthenticate event to access the user s ,assport profile toidentify and authorize the user.F. (mplement a sign-out procedure to remove ,assport coo%ies from the user s machine.

E5plain the advanta(es o" Passport authentication.

9ser doesn t have to remember separate user names and passwords for various Web sites9ser can maintain his or her profile information in a single location.,assport authentication also avail access to various Microsoft services) such as ,assport 6+press,urchase.

What is cachin(?

Caching is the techni&ue of storing fre&uently used items in memory so that they can be accessedmore &uic%ly."y caching the response) the re&uest is served from the response already stored in memory.(t s important to choose the items to cache wisely as Caching incurs overhead.$ Web form that is fre&uently used and does not contain data that fre&uently changes is good forcaching.$ cached web form freezes form s server-side content and changes to that content do not appearuntil the cache is refreshed.

$dvanced $sp.net interview &uestions$ ,.56# practice test

E5plain the use o" duration attri#ute o" >Output&ache pa(e directive.

#he GOutputCache directive s ;uration attribute determines how long the page is cached.(f the duration attribute is set to >H seconds) the Web form is cached for >H secondsI the serverloads the response in memory and retains that response for >H seconds.$ny re&uests during that time receive the cached response.Once the cache duration has e+pired) the ne+t re&uest generates a new response and cached foranother >H seconds.

$ ,.56# interview test -

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Answer$

$ web application resides in the server and serves the client's re&uests over internet. #he clientaccess the web page using browser from his machine. When a client ma%es a re&uest) it receivesthe result in the form of 7#M8 which are interpreted and displayed by the browser.

$ web application on the server side runs under the management of Microsoft (nternet(nformation ervices

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Answer$

Content) program logic and configuration file constitute an $ ,.56# application.

Content files

Content files include static te+t) images and can include elements from database.

,rogram logic,rogram logic files e+ist as ;88 file on the server that responds to the user actions.

Configuration fileConfiguration file offers various settings that determine how the application runs on the server.

-. !escri#e the sequence o" action ta/es place on the server when ASP.NET applicationstarts "irst ti,e

Answer$

ollowing are the se&uences

(( starts $ ,.56# wor%er process - wor%er process loads assembly in the memory - (( sendsthe re&uest to the assembly - the assembly composes a response using program logic - (( returnsthe response to the user in the form of 7#M8.

. E5plain the co,ponents o" we# "or, in ASP.NET

Answer$

erver controls#he server controls are 7yperte+t Mar%up 8anguage

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Answer$

.56# ramewor% provides platform for developing windows and web software. $ ,.56# is a part of .5et framewor% and can access all features implemented within it that was formerlyavailable only through windows $,(. .56# ramewor% sits in between our application programs

and operating system.

#he .5et ramewor% has two main components

.5et ramewor% Class 8ibrary (t provides common types such as data types and ob*ect typesthat can be shared by all .5et compliant language.

#he Common language :untime (t provides services li%e type safety) security) code e+ecution)thread management) interoperability services.

6. What is an Asse,#ly? E5plain its parts

Answer$

$n assembly e+ists as a .;88 or .6@6 that contains M (8 code that is e+ecuted by C8:. $nassembly contains interface and classes) it can also contain other resources li%e bitmaps) files etc.(t carries version details which are used by the C8: during e+ecution. #wo assemblies of thesame name but with different versions can run side-by-side enabling applications that depend ona specific version to use assembly of that version. $n assembly is the unit on which permissionsare granted. (t can be private or global. $ private assembly is used only by the application towhich it belongs) but the global assembly can be used by any application in the system.

#he four parts of an assembly are$ssembly Manifest - (t contains name) version) culture) and information about referencedassemblies.

#ype metadata - (t contains information about types defined in the assembly.

M (8 - M (8 code.

:esources - iles such as "M, or J,3 file or any other files re&uired by application.

9. !e"ine &o,,on Type Syste,.Answer$

.5et allows developers to write program logic in at least EK languages. #he classes written in onelanguage can be used by other languages in .5et. #his service of .5et is possible through C#which ensure the rules related to data types that all language must follow. (t provides set of typesthat are used by all .56# languages and ensures .56# language type compatibility.

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:. !e"ine =irtual "older.

Answer$

(t is the folder that contains web applications. #he folder that has been published as virtual folder

by (( can only contain web applications.

1;. !escri#e the Events in the 3i"e &ycle o" a We# Application

Answer$

$ web application starts when a browser re&uests a page of the application first time. #he re&uestis received by the (( which then starts $ ,.56# wor%er process

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ession tateession tate stores session-specific information and the information is visible within the session

only. $ ,.56# creates uni&ue session(d for each session of the application. ession(;s aremaintained either by an 7##, coo%ie or a modified 9:8) as set in the application s

configuration settings. "y default) ession(; values are stored in a coo%ie.

1*. !escri#e the application event handlers in ASP.NET

$nswer

ollowing are the application event handlers

$pplication4 tart #his event occurs when the first user visits a page of the application.$pplication46nd #his event occurs when there are no more users of the application.$pplication4"egin:e&uest #his occurs at the beginning of each re&uest to the server.

$pplication46nd:e&uest occurs at the end of each re&uest to the server.ession4 tart #his event occurs every time when any new user visits.ession46nd occurs when the users stop re&uesting pages and their session times out.

1-. What are the We# or, Events availa#le in ASP.NET?

$nswer

,age4(nit,age48oad,age4,re:ender

,age49nload,age4;isposed,age46rror ,age4$bort#ransaction,age4Commit#ransaction,age4;ata"inding

1 . !escri#e the Server &ontrol Events o" ASP.NET.

$nswer

$ ,.56# offers many server controls li%e button) te+tbo+) ;rop;own8ist etc. 6ach control canrespond to the user's actions using events and event handler mechanism.

#here are three types of server control events

,ostbac% events#his events sends the web page to the server for processing. Web page sends data bac% to thesame page on the server.

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Cached events#hese events are processed when a postbac% event occurs.

!alidation events

#hese events occur *ust before a page is posted bac% to the server.

12. +ow do you chan(e the session ti,e'out value?

$nswer

#he session time-out value is specified in the web.config file within sessionstate element. oucan change the session time-out setting by changing value of timeout attribute of sessionstateelement in web.config file.

16. !escri#e how ASP.NET ,aintains process isolation "or each We# application

$nswer

(n $ ,.56#) when (( receives a re&uest) (( uses aspnet4isapi.dll to call the $ ,.56# wor%er process

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Coo%ies$ coo%ie is a small te+t file on the client machine either in the client s file system or memory ofclient browser session. Coo%ies are not good for sensitive data. Moreover) Coo%ies can bedisabled on the browser. #hus) you can t rely on coo%ies for state management.

!iew tate6ach page and each control on the page has !iew tate property. #his property allows automaticretention of page and controls state between each trip to server. #his means control value ismaintained between page postbac%s. !iewstate is implemented using 4!(6W #$#6) a hiddenform field which gets created automatically on each page. ou can t transmit data to other pageusing view state.

BuerystringBuery strings can maintain limited state information. ;ata can be passed from one page toanother with the 9:8 but you can send limited size of data with the 9:8. Most browsers allow alimit of EKK characters on 9:8 length.

erver-side state management#his %ind of mechanism retains state in the server.

$pplication tate#he data stored in the application ob*ect can be shared by all the sessions of the application.$pplication ob*ect stores data in the %ey value pair.

ession tateession tate stores session-specific information and the information is visible within the session

only. $ ,.56# creates uni&ue session(d for each session of the application. ession(;s aremaintained either by an 7##, coo%ie or a modified 9:8) as set in the application sconfiguration settings. "y default) ession(; values are stored in a coo%ie.

;atabase;atabase can be used to store large state information. ;atabase support is used in combinationwith coo%ies or session state.

;. E5plain the di""erence #etween Server control and +TM3 control.

$nswer

erver eventserver control events are handled in the server whereas 7#M8 control events are handled in the

page.

tate managementerver controls can maintain data across re&uests using view state whereas 7#M8 controls have

no such mechanism to store data between re&uests.

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"rowser detectionerver controls can detect browser automatically and adapt display of control accordingly

whereas 7#M8 controls can t detect browser automatically.

,roperties

erver controls contain properties whereas 7#M8 controls have attributes only.

1. What are the validation controls availa#le in ASP.NET?

$nswer

$ ,.56# validation controls are

:e&uired ield!alidator #his validates controls if controls contain data.

Compare!alidator #his allows chec%ing if data of one control match with other control.

:ange!alidator #his verifies if entered data is between two values.

:egular6+pression!alidator #his chec%s if entered data matches a specific format.

Custom!alidator !alidate the data entered using a client-side script or a server-side code.

!alidation ummary #his allows developer to display errors in one place.

. !e"ine the steps to set up validation control.

$nswer

ollowing are the steps to set up validation control

;rag a validation control on a web form.et the Control#o!alidate property to the control to be validated.

(f you are using Compare!alidator) you have to specify the Control#oCompare property.pecify the error message you want to display using 6rrorMessage property.ou can use !alidation ummary control to show errors at one place.

*. What are the navi(ation ways #etween pa(es availa#le in ASP.NET?

$nswer

Ways to navigate between pages are

7yperlin% control:esponse.:edirect method

erver.#ransfer method

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erver.6+ecute methodWindow.Open script method

-. +ow do you open a pa(e in a new window?

$nswer

#o open a page in a new window) you have to use client script using onclic%01window.open

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:. E5plain E5ception handlin( in .Net.

$nswer6+ceptions or errors are unusual occurrences that happen within the logic of an application. #heC8: has provided structured way to deal with e+ceptions using #ry2Catch bloc%. $ ,.56#

supports some facilities to handling e+ceptions using events suc% as ,age46rror and$pplication46rror.

*;. What is i,personation?

$nswer

(mpersonation means delegating one user identity to another user. (n $ ,.56#) the anonymoususers impersonate the $ ,56# user account by default. ou can use identity/ element ofweb.config file to impersonate user. 6.g. identity impersonate01true12/

*1. What is ,ana(ed code in .Net?

$nswer

#he code that runs under the guidance of common language runtime

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ecured oc%et 8ayer < 8= ensures a secured web application by encrypting the data sent overinternet. When an application is using 8 facility) the server generates an encryption %ey for thesession and page is encrypted before it sent. #he client browse uses this encryption %ey todecrypt the re&uested Web page.

* . !e"ine session in ASP.NET.

$nswer

$ session starts when the browser first re&uest a resources from within the application. #hesession gets terminated when either browser closed down or session time out has been attained.#he default time out for the session is EH minutes.

*2. !e"ine Tracin(.

$nswer

#racing is the way to maintain events in an application. (t is useful while the application is indebugging or in the testing phase. #he trace class in the code is used to diagnose problem. oucan use trace messages to your pro*ect to monitor events in the released version of theapplication. #he trace class is found in the ystem.;iagnostics namespace. $ ,.56# introducestracing that enables you to write debug statements in your code) which still remain in the codeeven after when it is deployed to production servers.

*6. !e"ine =iew State.

$nswer

$ ,.56# preserves data between postbac% events using view state. ou can save a lot of codingusing view state in the web form. !iew tate serialize the state of ob*ects and store in a hiddenfield on the page. (t retains the state of server-side ob*ects between postbac%s. (t represents thestatus of the page when submitted to the server. "y default) view state is maintained for each

page. (f you do not want to maintain the !iew tate) include the directive NG ,age6nable!iew tate01false1 N/ at the top of an .asp+ page or add the attribute6nable!iew tate01false1 to any control. !iew tate e+ist for the life of the current page.

*9. What is application do,ain?

$nswer

(t is the process space within which $ ,.56# application runs. 6very application has its own process space which isolates it from other application. (f one of the application domains throwserror it does not affect the other application domains.

*:. 3ist down the sequence o" ,ethods called durin( the pa(e load.

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$nswer

(nit

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- . +ow can you ensure a per,anent coo/ie?

$nswer

etting 6+pires property to Min!alue and restrict coo%ie to get e+pired.

-2. What is AutoPost#ac/?

$nswer

$uto,ost"ac% automatically posts the page bac% to the server when state of the control ischanged.

-6. E5plain lo(in control and "or, authentication.

$nswer

8ogin controls encapsulate all the features offered by orms authentication. 8ogin controlsinternally use orms$uthentication class to implement security by prompting for user credentialsvalidating them.

-9. What is the use o" We#.con"i( "ile?

$nswer

ollowing are the setting you can incorporate in web.config file.

;atabase connections6rror ,age settingession tates

6rror 7andlingecurity

#race settingCulture specific setting

-:. E5plain in what order a destructors is called.

$nswer

;estructors are called in reverse order of constructors. ;estructor of most derived class is calledfollowed by its parent's destructor and so on till the topmost class in the hierarchy.

;. What is #rea/ ,ode? What are the options to step throu(h code?

$nswer

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"rea% mode lets you to observe code line to line in order to locate error. ! .56# providesfollowing option to step through code.

tep (ntotep Over

tep Out:un #o Cursor et 5e+t tatement

1. E5plain how to retrieve property settin(s "ro, M3 .con"i( "ile.

$nswer

Create an instance of $pp ettings:eader class) use 3et!alue method by passing the name of the property and the type e+pected. $ssign the result to the appropriate variable.

. E5plain 0lo#al Asse,#ly &ache.

$nswer

3lobal $ssembly Cache is the place holder for shared assembly. (f an assembly is installed to the3lobal $ssembly Cache) the assembly can be accessed by multiple applications. (n order toinstall an assembly to the 3$C) the assembly must have to be signed with strong name.

*. E5plain Mana(ed code an 7n',ana(ed code.

$nswer

Managed code runs under the safe supervision of common language runtime. Managed codecarries metadata that is used by common language runtime to offer service li%e memorymanagement) code access security) and cross-language accessibility.

9nmanaged code doesn't follow C8: conventions and thus) can't ta%e the advantages of. ramewor%.

-. What is side'#y'side e5ecution?

$nswer

#his means multiple version of same assembly to run on the same computer. #his feature enablesto deploy multiple versions of the component.

. !e"ine 8esource iles.

$nswer

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:esource files contains non-e+ecutable data li%e strings) images etc that are used by anapplication and deployed along with it. ou can changes these data without recompiling thewhole application.

2. !e"ine 0lo#ali)ation and 3ocali)ation.

$nswer

3lobalization is the process of creating multilingual application by defining culture specificfeatures li%e currency) date and time format) calendar and other issues. 8ocalization is the

process of accommodating cultural differences in an application.

6. What is re"lection?

$nswer

:eflection is a mechanism through which types defined in the metadata of each module can beaccessed. #he ystem.:eflection namespaces contains classes that can be used to define thetypes for an assembly.

9. !e"ine Satellite Asse,#lies.

$nswer

atellite $ssemblies are the special %inds of assemblies that e+ist as ;88 and containculturespecific resources in a binary format. #hey store compiled localized application resources.#hey can be created using the $8 utility and can be deployed even after deployment of the

application. atellite $ssemblies encapsulate resources into binary format and thus ma%esresources lighter and consume lesser space on the dis%.

:. What is &AS?

$nswer

C$ is very important part of .5et security system which verifies if particular piece of code isallowed to run. (t also determines if piece of code have access rights to run particularresource. .56# security system applies these features using code groups and permissions. 6achassembly of an application is the part of code group with associated permissions.

2;. E5plain Auto,atic Me,ory Mana(e,ent in .NET.

$nswer

$utomatic memory management in .5et is through garbage collector which is incrediblyefficient in releasing resources when no longer in use.

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