assesment sierra nevada 01 2010

8/14/2019 Assesment Sierra Nevada 01 2010

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Assessment report on

Sierra Nevada BiosphereReserveState of natural resources, socio-economic conditions,stresses and projected scenarios for the state of naturalresources.

January 2010

Consejera de Medio Ambiente

GLOBAL CHANGE INMOUNTAIN SITES


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Scientific project cooordinator:Regino Zamora Rodrguez. Universidad de Granada. [email protected]

Authors:Francisco J. Bonet Garca. Universidad de Granada. [email protected]

Antonio J. Prez Luque. Universidad de Granada. [email protected]

Biosphere reserve project managersJavier Snchez Gutirrez. Manager of Sierra Nevada Biosphere Reserve.Consejera de Medio ambiente.

[email protected]

Ignacio Henares Civantos. Assistant manager of Sierra NevadaBiosphere Reserve. Consejera de Medio [email protected]

Javier Cano-Manuel Len. Project director. Consejera de Medioambiente. [email protected]

Rut Aspizua Cantn. Technical project coordinator. EGMASA. Consejerade Medio ambiente. [email protected]


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryContents

Contents

Summary of methodologies applied

Key to understand the ecosystem type data sheet

High mountain grasslands

High mountain shrubland

Pine plantations

Natural forests

Mid mountain shrubland

Aquatic systems

Biodiversity and overview of ecosystem types of Sierra Nevada

State of natural resources

Introduction and objectives 1Main players involved in the project 2Socio-economic conditions of people living in Sierra Nevada 3

4

6

910

Information management 14Dissemination of results 15

78

111213


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryIntroduction and objectives

Under the name of the Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory, ideas and methodologies proposed bythe GLOCHAMORE project were implemented in this mountain region in 2008. This first phase of the projectlasts two years and is being financed by the Andalusian environmental administration (Department of theEnvironment. Regional Government of Andalusia) and by the Spanish Ministry of Environment. SierraNevadas active participation in the GLOCHAMORE project has greatly helped the inclusion of this projectsguidelines in the Sierra Nevada Observatory. The selection of environmental variables used for monitoringis based on this projects proposed research strategy.The basic objectives of the Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory are to:

1

Define, quantify and characterize natural processes and resources for identifying and differentiatingbetween natural situations and other situations resulting from global change in any of its multiplefactors. Whenever possible, it will be determined to what extent a certain situation can be attributedto specific factors.Characterize acceptable change limits so that it is possible to differentiate between a) recurring

fluctuations and b) long-term changes, as well as detect and interpret anomalies in the shortest timepossible. This will enable a proportionate reaction to changes detected, if necessary.Supply information for correct planning of management activities aimed at reversing malfunctionsdetected in processes and people.

Assess effectiveness and efficiency of management activities carried out in view of any changesdetected in order to propose appropriate adjustments for adaptive management.Provide reliable information for monitoring the work of other institutions that are responsible forensuring the conservation of the Sierra Nevada Nature Reserve, by virtue of international awardsreceived.Determine research requirements, relative to any changes detected, that transcend the scope andobjectives of a Natural Processes and Resources Monitoring Program.Provide useful information to managers and researchers on global change in Sierra Nevada.Help to disseminate information of general interest that enhances knowledge of the values andimportance of the Sierra Nevada Nature Reserve.

To achieve the above objectives we have organized the Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory in fourbasic pillars:

Long Term Monitoring Program: monitoring of environmental processes to diagnose the state of naturalsystems in the face of global change. The guidelines of the GLOCHAMORE program have been followed toimplement this monitoring system. The aim is to carry out a prolonged monitoring of severalenvironmental variables using scientifically acceptable methodologies.

Specific Tool to Store, Analyze and Consult the Generated Data : a significant amount of variedinformation will be generated throughout the project. It is very important to implement mechanisms forstoring this information in an organized way. This greatly aids its interrelation for generating usefulknowledge in the management process.

Adaptive Management: field Laboratory to management using active and adaptive approaches to betteranticipate and respond to changes. The goal of the whole project is to implement an adaptiveenvironmental management model. This means management results are continuously assessed, with thisassessment determining management objectives. A feedback mechanism is therefore established whichimproves the state of natural resources.

Communication Forum: for knowledge sharing among scientists, managers, local stakeholders andgeneral public. it is vital to implement dissemination mechanisms for both the results of the work and themethodologies and experience acquired during the project.


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryMain players involved

The project has three levels of involvement of threedifferent stakeholders: International level(GLOCHAMORE), national (Global changemonitoring in Spanish National Parks) andRegional level (the Sierra Nevada Global ChangeObservatory). This multi-scale work is done by thesame working team, as can be seen in the beloworganization chart

Sierra Nevada GlobalChange Observatory.

Working Team

National level (MARM-OAPN; FB)

Global Change monitoringprogramme in National Parks: 8multiparametric stations

GLOCHAMORE Project

Regional Level (CMA)

Monitoring program. 30 thematicareas. Implementing theGLOCHAMORE researchstrategy. More than 20 peopleinvolved

Sierra Nevada Biosphere Reserve

2

Environmental managementcompany

Centro Andaluz de Medio Ambiente.Research center


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatorySocio-economic conditions of people living in Sierra Nevada

Socio-economic Variables

Age pyramid

Population with Residents Rights:The population size decreased at the period of 60 to 90. After that timeit gradually increases without reaching the record high (year 1940)

The map shows the population density with high values in red and low in green.Population density is highest in the proximity of larger towns (northwest). Thereare 61 municipalities in the protected area, where live 90.000 people. The mostimportant economic activities are: agriculture, tourism, beekeeping, mining andskiing.

Agriculture

Industry

ConstructionServices

Employment per sector (%)

NQ45 %36 %

Activity Rate (%) hasincreased in the last 20 years

City centres

Protected areaPopulation Density(Inhabitant per Km2)

0

30

20 Km

Granada

Population ageing (%)

18.4

14.5 NQ

Population density

3

Ski resort

Skiing days vs. natural snow duration in the skiing resort (MODISimages). Although the skiing days are increasing, the duration of thesnow seems to decrease in the last 10 years. This means that the artificialsnow will be more important in the future.

0200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

92-93

93-94

94-95

95-96

96-97

97-98

98-99

99-00

00 01- 02-03

03-04

04-05

05-06

06-07

07-08

08-09

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

01 02

S

kiingdays(Nofvisitors*

Durationoftheskiseason)x1000

First day with snow per year / trendLast day with snow per year / trend

Skiing days / trend


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3500

20

106

47145

Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryBiodiversity and overview of ecosystems types of Sierra Nevada

The base map shows the phytocenotic diversity of ecosystems. This index is a combination of the structuraldiversity (number of vegetal strata per ecosystem) and de diversity of habitats (number of Natura 2000habitats per ecosystem). Natural forests reach the maximum value in this index. Meanwhile, high mountainpastures and shrublands are not very diverse under this point of view.The isolines show the percentage of flora endemicity. Some areas close to the summits have the highestpercentages, around 70-80% of the present species.

High

Low

Diversity % endemisms

12%

Ecosystem types

Biodiversity

Rate N Vegetal Species / Area10.5

Europe. 10400 species. 11 mill. Km2

Spain. 8400 species. 0.5 mill. Km2Sierra Nevada. 2100 species. 2000 Km2

Size of circle is proportional to the Area of the country1 10 100 1000 10000

Germany(2)

Poland(3)

UK(15)

Austria(25) Israel

(55)

Sierra Nevada(66)Italy(700)

Spain(1500)

Number of endemic plants (log scale)

Vegetal endemicity of Sierra NevadaSierra Nevada is one of the most important hotspots of vegetal diversity inthe Mediterranean basin

Vegetal diversity of Sierra NevadaThis mountain hosts 2100 vascular plants, representing 25% of the Spanishflora and 20% of the European flora.

The map shows the spatial distribution of theecosystem types that we have defined inSierra Nevada. The vegetal landscape isdominated by pine plantations, moors andheathlands. Natural forests are also abundant,and as we will describe later, are regeneratingfrom decades of misuse (wood extraction,fires, overgrazing, etc.).

Area(Has)

20 Km

4

Fishes

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Invertebrates

Number of faunaspecies per phylum

High mountaingrasslands

Mid mountainshrublands


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State of natural resources

Next pages show one data sheet per ecosystem type. This sheet shows themain biophysical features that define that ecosystem, the most importantecosystem services and some case studies about adaptive management.

5


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatorySummary of methodologies applied

Quality of the riparian vegetation measured by the QBR index. Time series from 2001 to2010.

10

Biological quality of the riparian environment measured by the IBMWP (IberianBiological Monitoring Working Party) index. Time series from 2005 to 2010.11

Fluvial habitat index measured by the IHF (ndice del hbitat fluvial). Time series from2006 to 2010.

12

Monitoring of brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations by means of electric fishingmethodology. Sequential sampling without replacement. Time series from 2000 to2010.

13

Values of biodiversity, tree and understory density obtained from a forestal inventorymade in Sierra Nevada National Park in 2005.

9

Ecological niche modeling of high mountain shrublands, using MaxEnt algorithm.8

Vegetation map of Sierra Nevada (1:10.000). Interpretation of aerial photos from 1956.7

Vegetation map of Sierra Nevada (1:10.000). Interpretation of aerial photos from 2005.6

Monitoring of ibex (Capra pyrenaica) by means of line transects. Time series from 1960to 2009.

5

Time series analysis of MODIS data, using Mann-Kendall test.4

Snow data obtained by remote sensing techniques. Analysis of snow cover products(MODA10A2) from MODIS sensor (NASA). Time series from 2000 to 2010.3

Predicted values of climatic variables obtained by regional climate scenarios(downscaling techniques). Time series from 2011 to 2040.

2

Climatic variable obtained from the analysis of the data coming from weather stations.Time series from 1960 to 1990.

1

The figures shown in the next pages were obtained by applying different methodologies. In

the next paragraphs we summarize the most relevant ones. We are also describing thedatasets used to obtain the figures.

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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryKey to understand the ecosystem type data sheet

25 Km

Surface in Has

Relevant fact 1

Relevant fact 2

Main biophysical variables

Main ecosystem services

Adaptive management

We show different biophysical variables that are considered as important to define de conservation status of a given ecosystem type. Theinformation is showing taking into account three temporal scenarios:

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Listing of the most relevant ecosystem services for each ecosystem type.

Map showing the spatialdistribution of theecosystem type

yxNQ

2

Past value: The value that the variable takes in the first decades of the XX Century.

Present value: The value that the variable takes in the last decades of the XX Century.

Future value: The expected value that the variable will take in the first half of the XXI Century.

Past value Present day value Future value

NQ: Not quantified yet

Red color means that thevalue is considerednegative for the state ofconservation of theecosystem

Shows the methodology used to obtain thevalue and the main features of the raw dataused to obtain it.

Case studies that demonstrate adaptive management actions in relation to each ecosystem type


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryState of natural resources: High mountain grassland

25 Km

15.200 Has

High mountain grasses(Poaceae, Resedaceae, etc.)

Snow cover, wind andabiotic factors are the maindrivers of its ecologicaldynamic



Adaptive management

53

5 5

5045

Demographic trend ofCapra pyrenaicain Sierra Nevada (ibex number / Km2).

Given the scarcity of predators, thisspecies is being managed through anintegrated plan involving thepopulation and health controls.

Annual rain is expected to be reducedin the next decades, from 1312 l/m2y in1960-1990, to 1282 in 2011-2040.

Average annual temperature isexpected to be increased in the nextdecades, from 7.8 c in 1960-1990, to9.4C in 2011-2020

Average snow cover duration (days). Thetrend is negative if we analyze the lastdecade. The reduction in the snow coverduration hasnt been quantified yet

12821312NQ

12

NQ7.8 9.4

12 NQ

124NQ

3

4

NQ NQ NQ

Estimated demographic trend ofViperalatastiin Sierra Nevada. This viper was

frequently found in the highgrasslands. The decreasing trend isexplained by the habitat deterioration.

NQ NQ NQ

Climate change is expected to provokea reduction in the occupation area of

this ecosystem. We have not quantifiedthis process yet.

One of the most important management task done in order to improve the conservation status of high mountain grasslands is therestoration of the landscape. Those actions try to minimize the impact of past human activities, such are the building of infrastructures,accumulations of waste and destruction of the vegetal cover.

Veleta summit before therestoration activities

Veleta summit after the activitiesthat removed infrastructures

(antennas, roads, etc.)

Some of the restoration activities are:

Topographic restoration of roads

Removal of solid waste in the high grassland

Asphalt removal in more than 3500 m

Restoration of vegetal cover

Stockbreeding Rocks for traditional building Recreational uses

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Water regulation

Restricting motorized vehicle access to the highpeaks


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryState of natural resources: High mountain shrublands

25 Km

36.000 Has

Thorny shrubs, juniper andhigh mountains shrubland

It is the highest woody

ecosystem of SierraNevada. Its distributionseems to be determined bysnow cover




Average snow cover duration (days). Thetrend is negative if we analyze the lastdecade. The reduction in the snow coverduration hasnt been quantified yet

Average number of plant species found

in this ecosystem. We have notquantified it yet, but we believe thatthere wont be important changes inthe next decades


Adaptive management

Fruit collection Stockbreeding Soil conservation Recreational uses

11951221NQ

12

NQ8.7 10.1

12 NQ

90NQ

3 4

6247006

Occupation area (has) of this ecosystem.

Decrease of wildfires and over grazingexplain the increased surface from 1956to present day. Climate change scenariospredicts a loss of 30% of its potentialhabitat in the next decades.

NQNQ 200

7 8

2 Km

Present distribution

Potential distribution with

present climate and withfuture climate

Potential distribution withfuture climate (expansionarea)

Potential distribution onlywith present climate(contraction area)

1960036000

Expansion area:

Potential distributionwith future climate

Potential distribution area with both present and future climateContraction area: Not suitable area with future climate

Broom: Genista sp., Cytisus sp., Erinacea, etc.

Juniper:Juniperus sp.

Selection of places to plant that aresuitable both for the present and forthe future climatic scenariosUsing thorny shrubs as

nurse plants whenplanting junipers,taking advantage of thefacilitation processes

Protecting theseedlings and saplingsremoving temporallythe herbivory

Creation of dispersion nuclei that resume some of the ecosystem functionsPlanting a combinationof species with differentecological strategies

Try to avoid the degradation ofthe areas not suitable with thefuture climate scenarios

improving their availability ofwater from traditional irrigationditches.

This ecosystem can be considered as threatened due to the climate change and land use changes in the last decades. In order to avoid theloss of its distribution area and to improve the conservation status of the ecosystem, we are implementing active and adaptive managementactions. These actions are taking into account concepts that are new in the environmental management of Sierra Nevada, such are theuncertainty and the dynamic vision of the future. We are also trying to transfer the best scientific available knowledge to the design andimplementation of these actions. Some of them are outlined in this representation.

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Aromatic and medicinal plants

Poqueira river valley

Carbon sink


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryState of natural resources: Pine plantations

25 Km

40.000 Has

Planted between 1930-1980to minimize soil loss indeforested areas

They are being replaced bynatural vegetation, thanksto adaptive managementactions (partial clear-cuts)


Annual total rain is expected to bereduced in the next decades, from 1005l/m2y in 1960-1990, to 992 in 2011-2040.


Average snow cover duration (days). Thetrend is negative if we analyze the lastdecade. The reduction in the snow coverduration hasnt been quantified yet,although it seems to be less importantthan in other ecosystems.

Average number of plant species. The

diversity was lower in the past becauseof the high erosion rate and misuse ofthe natural resources. Will be higherdue to the adaptive management.


Adaptive management

Average density of the tree cover

(number of trees per Ha). It is expectedto decrease due to the managementactions (parcial clear-cuts).

Biomass, wood and firewood production

Mushrooms production

Soil conservation

Protection against floods

Hunting

Recreational uses

As previously described, this ecosystem is being replaced by natural vegetation, that is much more resilient and better adapted to thenatural features of the landscape. Clear-cuts are the most important management actions that are driving these artificial forests to amore natural state. The following map shows the approximate year in which each plantation was done. We also shows the places where theclear-cuts have taken place. The graph shows the number of hectares treated by clear-cuts per year.

9921005NQ

12

NQ11 12

12

NQ

34

913NQ9

0NQ

19 NQ

9

40000NQ

6

10007

Occupation area (has) of this ecosystem.

Most of the plantations were done duringthe 60-70 decades of past century.Thanks to the management actions, thesurface will decrease in next decades,becoming mixed pine-oak forests.

56

1300

383 380 339

2600

589

1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

Plantation year19351936-19481949-19571958-19591960-1963

1964-19651966-19691970-19731974-19761977-1980

Clear-cut area (has)1.6-2020-4141-87

87-205

205-397

NQ53

10

Carbon sink


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryState of natural resources: Natural forests

25 Km

15.000 Has

Mainly holm oak (Quercusilex) and pyrenean oak(Q.pyrenaica) forests.

Land use changes in thepast is the most importantdriver in present days.



Adaptive management


Average annual temperature isexpected to be increased in the nextdecades, from 11.6 c in 1960-1990, to13C in 2011-2020

935NQ1

2NQ

11.6 13

12

925 612000

7

NQ15000

Occupation area (has) of this ecosystem. Theobserved increase is explained by theabandonment of the rural areas in the lastdecades.

Average density of the tree cover

(number of trees per Ha). It is expectedto increase due to the regenerationprocesses after the abandonment ofthe rural areas

NQ524 NQ

9

Average density of the shrubs below

the tree canopy (number of plants perHa). It is expected to increase due tothe regeneration processes after theabandonment of the rural areas

NQ280 NQ

9

Marginal crops in 1956(Dilar river valley)

Regeneration ofQ.pyrenaica forest in 2009

400 m

Land use changes in the last decades are still affecting even the ecological dynamics and structure of natural forests in Sierra Nevada. In the50s of the last century, overgrazing and charcoal extraction resulted in degradation of soil and vegetation cover. After the abandonment ofthese rural activities, oaks began a process of resprouting, which led to the present situation where the trees look like bushes and there isnot understory vegetation. Forestry actions of pruning will improve the structure of the forest by removing the side shoots and promoting theformation of well-structured trees.

1950: Intense human activity in the forest.Charcoal extraction. Overgrazing

Present: abandonment of ruralactivities

Future: restoration of the originalstructure of the forest

Trees with little foliage due tothe overgrazing. No understory

vegetation. Erosion gullies.

Trees with lots of side shoots. Bush-like trees.No acorn production. Resprouting is the onlyway of reproduction. Age structure of the forestis homogeneous. The system is not resilient toclimate change

Trees have a good structure after the removal ofside shoots. They produce acorns. Understory

vegetation begins to re-colonize the land. Thesystem is more resilient.

Honey production

Mushrooms production

Firewood production Hunting

Recreational usesSoil conservation

11

Carbon sink


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryState of natural resources: Mid mountain shurbland

25 Km

30.000 Has

Shrubland with aromatic(Rosmarinus, Thymus) andsome pyrophytes species(Ulex, Cistus, etc.)

Its ecological dynamic isdetermined by recurrentwildfires and grazing.



The increase of mean temperaturein the next decades could be oneof the most important stressfactors to this ecosystem.


Adaptive management

Honey production

Aromatic and medicinal plants

Stockbreeding Hunting

Recreational uses

NQ2 NQ

13 14.3

12

7887901

6

Occupation area (has) of this ecosystem. Pineforests were planted over highly degradedshurblands. This explain the decrease in theoccupation area. In the future this surface couldincrease due to the naturalization process of pineplantations.

300007

NQ42000

Beekeeping is a good example of adaptive management. The environmental managers offer to the beekeepers some places to establishtheir apiaries. This assignment of land is free for the beekeeper, since it is taken into account that beekeeping contributes to plantpollination. The map shows the suitability of the land in order to host apiaries. This map is based in a model that has taken into accountsome determinant factors such are rain, temperature, accessibility, water availability, and presence of honey flora. Green colors representareas with high suitability, while red colors represents areas unsuitable for the installation of apiaries.

Green areas show places with ahigher suitability. Black circles showthe distribution of apiaries in SierraNevada. The size is proportional tothe number of hives per apiaries.The most interesting result of thismodel is that there are several placesin Sierra Nevada that could beoccupied by apiaries under anadaptive management scenario.

NQNQ NQ

Density of the shrubland. Theabandonment of the land hasprovoked a increase in the density.

We have not quantified thisprocess yet.

NQ NQ NQ

Evolution of rabbit populations. Thisimportant prey species has suffered acontinuous decline in the last decades.

This situation is expected to continuein the next years.

Pine plantations in2009

Degradated shrublandin 1956

500 m

Soil conservation

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Disease transmission

Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryState of natural resources: Aquatic systems

25 Km

1.700 Has

Mountain rivers, glaciallakes, irrigation ditches,riparian forests, etc.

An important part of thewater that transport comesfrom the melting of snow inspring and summer.



Adaptive management

Average ecological quality of riparianenvironment (index QBR. From 0 to 100)in Sierra Nevada. The abandonment ofthe rural areas and the managementactions have helped to enhance theconservation status of riparian forests.

NQ80 NQ

10

Biological quality of riparianenvironment (index IBMWP. From 0 to200). This index considers the diversityand abundance of macroinvertebratesin the river. It is supposed to increasedue to the adaptive management of thesystem.

NQ142 NQ

11

Fluvial habitat index. Shows theheterogeneity and the structural diversity ofthe habitat (from 0 to 100). It is supposed toincrease due to the improvements in thewater flow of the rivers.

NQ76 NQ

12

Increase in the total length of trout(Salmo trutta) populations (in %).Management actions will improve the

conservation status of this species inthe next decades.

100%13

NQ

Degraded riparian forest in1956 (Dlar river)

Regenerated riparian forestin 2009 (Dlar river)

NQ1700

6

NQ

7

The increase of the occupied area isprobably due to the abandonment ofthe rural areas closed to the rivers.

Restoration activities are also helpingto increase the occupation area ofaquatic systems in Sierra Nevada.

Sierra Nevada rivers have a strong representation of the brown trout (Salmo trutta). These populations represent the southern limit ofthis species in Europe. This has led to the existence of particular genetic patterns in Sierra Nevada. Several decades ago, fishersintroduced adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) specimens. This species is native in Northwest America and it behaves as aninvasive species in Mediterranean rivers.At present, the alien species is a major threat to native trout conservation. The management actions try to improve the conservationstatus of brown trout and the gradual eradication of populations of rainbow trout.

Alien species: Rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchus

mykiss)

Autoctonous species:Brown trout (Salmo

trutta)

Predation of juveniles

Competition for food and habitat

Reproductive interference

Management methodology to improve the conservation status of brown troutDelimiting the extent of rainbow trout populations.

Reducing the presence of refugees for the rainbow trout inthe river.

Raking spawning grounds to avoid the reproduction successof rainbow trout

Extraction of rainbow trout by electrofishing.

Reinforcement of brown trout populations.

Sport fishing Water regulation Energy production Recreational uses

13

Drinking andirrigation water


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryInformation management

The global change observatory is generating a huge amount of data and information that should betranslated to useful knowledge that helps to improve the way we manage the natural resources ofSierra Nevada. In order to achieve this main objective, we are designing and implementing anInformation System. The objectives of this information system are:

Store in an organized and normalized way all the information generated by the Sierra NevadaGlobal Change Observatory.

Design tools to improve the way users access the stored information. This is one of the mostimportant weakness of the information systems.

Develop methodologies to analyze the raw information in order to obtain useful knowledge.

Design and implement an indicator system able to supplying information about the state ofthe natural resources (in past, present and future scenarios), main stress factors and mainresponse management actions.

This diagram shows synthetically some key concepts of the information system we are developing. Theraw data taken from the field (climate, fauna, flora, vegetation, etc..) are structured in relationaldatabases. In addition, reports, slide shows and other data sources are handled by a bibliographymanager, a wiki and a content manager. The information in this platforms is used by a system ofindicators that shows the current status, trend, and the expected situation of the different types ofSierra Nevada ecosystems.

Structured information

Adding and editing dataSimple queriesGeographic informationTime series analysisData miningThematic Ahematic Ahematic A

Structured information

Bibliographyman agerBibliographyman ager Project managerroject manager

Wikiik i

Presen tation s D atabasesata sh ee ts Textsideosresentationsresen tation s D atabasesatabasesata sheetsata sh ee ts Textsextsideosideos

Thematic Bhematic Bhematic B

Personalized multithematicreports

Complex analysis (OLAP)Datamining

Data warehousePersonalized multithematic

reportsComplex analysis (OLAP)Datamining

Data warehouseata warehouse

Indicator systemSimple indexesshowing the presentstatus, the historicaltrend and thepredicted status of agiven ecosystem.

What i f?In a more advancedphase, we should be ableto model the behavior ofthe system taking intoaccount the presentknowledge of itsdynamic.

Unstructured datadata

information

knowledge

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Bibliographic reference manager

Website that allows creation and editing of content easily by multipleusers. Our wiki complements the coordination actions within theproject and allows shared files and documents, acting as a informationrepository. Allows disclosure of updated results to natural resourcemanagers and to the general public.

Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryCollaborative Framework.We have created a collaborative framework with training activities, activities dissemination and use of new technologies that are allowing: improve acquisition and generation of useful knowledge for the management improve collaboration among work teams Enhance the dissemination of updated results of the Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatorySome of de tool used are:

Location of visits

Slides and Videos from Conferences, TrainingActivities and Workshops of Sierra Nevada GlobalChange Observatory in some web 2.0 platforms,channels or communities: SlideShare Slideboom platform Scivve Science Videos

Views of Slides and Videos of the Meeting Thevalue of mountain protected areas in a globalchange scenario Granada, Spain 13 15 May 2009

Dissemination of results

Wiki

Percentage of New(green) and ReturningVisitors (red)

Field Technicians

Scientists

Managers

Relevant Data 24.000 visits37 users96 pages3.44 editions per page9.27 pages view per visit417 shared files Location of visits:

- 28 countries- 157 cities

Temporal variationof visits (counts)

Using an online bibliographic manager helps us to manage all thebibliographic records used in the project and organize thedocumentary sources.

Relevant Data54 records41 users 2 Training Activitieson use of tool.

Users

http://refbase.iecolab.es

http://observatoriosierranevada.iecolab.es

Publication of contents in web 2.0 platformes

15


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Sierra Nevada Global Change ObservatoryDissemination of results

Some Research Publications

In order to disseminate the results of the project we combine traditional media (presentations, paper publications, conferences, etc.)with tools belonging to the Web 2.0. They are a complement to accelerate the transfer of updated scientific knowledge to managersand society, and improve collaboration between different teams working on the project

Publications, Workshops, Training Activities

The value of mountain protected areas in a global changescenario Granada, Spain 13 15 May 2009 I Iberoamerican Workshop CYTED: Ecological Interactions andGlobal Change. Mechanisms and P atternsGranada, Spain, 2 Oct 2009 Climate Change and Protected Areas SummitGranada, Spain 16 19 Nov 2009 Forest management in a context of Global Change Granada, Spain17 18 April 2008

http://observatoriosierranevada.iecolab.es/index.php/Jornadas_cambio_global_mayo_2009

http://observatoriosierranevada.iecolab.es/index.php/Taller_Iberoamericano_CYTED

Conferences organized by our work team

2007 Aspizua Cantn, R.; Cano, F.J.; Bonet Garca, F.J.; Zamora, R. & SnchezGutirrez, J. (2007). Sierra Nevada: Observatorio internacional de seguimientodel cambio global. Revista Medio Ambiente, 57: 2125

Bonet Garca, F.J.; Aspizua Cantn, R.; Cano, F.J.; Zamora, R. & SnchezGutirrez, J. (2007). El observatorio de seguimiento del cambio global de SierraNevada (Espaa). In I Congreso Nacional sobre Cambio Global Ambiental. Abril

2007. Madrid.

2009 Bonet Garca, F.J. & Cayuela Delgado, L. (2009).Seguimiento de la cubierta denieve en Sierra Nevada: tendencias en la ltima dcada y posibles implicacionesecolgicas de las mismas. In IX Congreso Nacional de la Asociacin Espaola deEcologa Terrestre. beda (Spain), 18-22 Octubre.

Gmez-Aparicio, L.; Zavala, M.A.; Bonet, F.J. & Zamora, R. (2009). Are pineplantations valid tools for restoring Mediterranean forests? An assessmentalong abiotic and biotic gradients. Ecological Applications, 19 (8): 21242141.

Navarro Gonzlez, I. & Bonet Garca, F.J. (2009). Caracterizacin de la evolucinhistrica de la cubierta vegetal y los usos del suelo de Sierra Nevada en uncontexto de cambioglobal. In IX Congreso Nacional de la Asociacin Espaola deEcologa Terrestre. beda (Spain), 18-22 Octubre 2009.

Prez-Luque, A.J.; Bonet Garca, F.J. & Zamora Rodrguez, R. (2009).Herramientas colaborativas para la creacinde conocimiento til para la gestinen el proyecto de Seguimientodel Cambio Global en Sierra Nevada. In IXCongreso Nacional de la Asociacin Espaola de Ecologa Terrestre. beda(Spain), 18-22 Octubre 2009.

Snchez-Gutirrez, F.J.; Henares-Civantos, I.; Cano-Manuel Len, F.J.; ZamoraRodrguez R ; Bonet Garca F J & Aspizua Canton R (2009) El observatorio de

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