assessed essay 1161780

8/3/2019 Assessed Essay 1161780

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R`zrgld Jx|goh|| \lmffc

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h}~ho~ kgbm~ foh |`w ~m`~ rh ofr cgyh go ` uf|~+jxzh`xlz`~gl `bh6

Ifxon`~gfo| go Kò`bhkho~ òn Fzbògq`~gfo`c @o`cw|g|GJ79X5

K@ Kò`bhkho~ òn Fzbògq`~gfo`c @o`cw|g|

\~xnho~ Gn “ 00902=5

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00902=5 :

Go~zfnxl~gfo

–^m`~ |~xugn jxzh`xlz`~!‛ -Jc`x ) R/Khwhz# 07891 0' g| ~mh go~zfnxl~fzw |ho~holh go Jc`x òn Khwhz|

jffd rmglm xo~gc ofr r`| ~mh focw lfoof~`~gfo fi jxzh`xlz`lw G m`n òn kf|~ fi x| |~gcc m`yh# ~mg| ~hzk

m`| jhlfkh ` uhz|fogigl`~gfo fi `cc ~mgob| ~m`~ ~`dh ~gkh g/h/ gohiiglgholw# G jh~ K`} Rhjhz rmgch rzg~gob

mg| ~mhfzw ngno‗~ ~mgod ~m`~ mg| lzh`~gfo rfxcn m`yh ~`dho |xlm goihzholh/ Ifz x| òn ifz ~mh uxzuf|h fi

~mg| h||`w rh rfxcn jh x|gob ~mh ~hzk Jxzh`xlz lw ~m`~ Rhjhz go|~gcchn go mg| afxzo c| ^mh ^mhfzw fi

\flg`c òn Hlfofkgl Fzbògq`~gfo rmglm r`| uxjcg|mhn go 07:>/

–^fn`w Jxzh`xlz`lw g| of~ ` ohr umhofkhofo/ G~ h}g|~hn go |gkuch ifzk| ~mfx|òn| fi wh`z| `bf go Hbwu~

òn Zfkh jx~ ~mh ~zhon ~fr`zn Jxzh`xlz`~gq ~gfo m`| bzh`~cw `llhchz`~hn go ~mh c`|~ lho~xzw‛ -Jc`x )

R/Khwhz# 0789 1 05' ~mg| r`| ngzhl~ zh|xc~ fo fxz kfnhzo r`w fi cgih ~m`~ rh i`lhn ì~hz ~mh gonx|~zg`c

zhyfcx~gfo/ Jxzh`xlz`lgh| `zh uhzy`|gyh cgdh kf|~ kfnhzo ifzk`c fzbògq`~gfo| òn `zh ifzk`ccw

|~zxl~xzhn/ ^mh gnh` g| fi jxzh`xlz`lw g| ~m`~ ~mhw jhlfkh ` z`~gfo`c òn cfbgl`c fzbògq`~gfo ~mhw `zh

|w|~hk`~gl`ccw ucòohn fx~ òn `zh rhcc fzbògqhn ~mhzhifzh `zh mgbmcw hiiglgho~ go `lmghyhkho~ fi ~mh

~`zbh~hn bf`c# kfzhfyhz ~mg| `c|f rfxcn m`yh jh nfoh go ~mh kf|~ hiiglgho~ r`w uf||gjch/ \fkh fi ~mh|h

fzbògq`~gfo| `zh x~gcg~`zgò rmglm khò~ ~m`~ rh rfxcn b`go lhz~`go k`~hzg`c jhohig~|# ifz h}`kuch |xlm

`| ` afj ifz bh~~gob u`gn fz afgogob xogyhz|g~w ~f+b`~mhz dofrchnbh/ Rhjhz‗| uzgk`zw iflx| r`| ~mh gnh`

~m ~ kò`bhkho~# jx|goh||h| òn fzbògq`~gfo| rhzh bfyhzohn jw zxch| òn zhbxc ~gfo|/ ^mg| ~hzk

Jxzh`xlz`lw m`| |~`whn rg~m x| ~mzfxbm ~fn`w/ Rh ofr cgod g~ rg~m zhn ~ùh zxch|4 g~ r`| mg| ~mhfzw ~m`~

go~zfnxlhn ~mh of~gfo fi zxch nzgyho fzbògq ~gfo/ Rhjhz `c|f lm`z`l~hzgqhn jxzh`xlz`lw `| ~mh kf|~

z`~gfo`c ifzk fi fzbògq`~gfo ~mx| ~mh kf|~ hiiglgho~ òn kfzh |xuhzgfz ~mò òw f~mhz ifzk fi

fzbògq`~gfo -Bànx|lmhd# :55<1 250'/

Fx~cgoh ifz ~mh H||`w

Ifz ~mg| h||`w G m`yh nhcgjhz`~hcw ~hz|h ~mh goifzk`~gfo ~f uzfygnh k`}gkxk go|gbm~ go ~mh kf|~ ò`cw~gl`c

r`w uf||gjch cgdhrg|h ~mh `z~glch jhbgo| rg~m ò fx~cgoh fi ~mh ngiihzho~ gomhzho~ ih`~xzh| fi jxzh`xlz`lgh|

òn ~mh lm cchobh| ~m ~ ngiihzho~ lzg~gl m`yh uf|hn rg~mgo ~mh|h ~z g~| ixz~mhzkfzh ~mg| `z~glch rfxcn

uzfygnh go|gbm~| go~f ~mh zh`cg|~gl òn xo`yfgn`jch |mgi~ ~fr`zn| kfzh z`ngl`c fzbògq`~gfo`c ifzk|/ ^mg|

`z~glch rfxcn# rg~m zhihzholh ~f afxzo c| ng|lx|| òn ò|rhz ~f rm`~ h}~ho~ nf rh cgyh go ~mh uf|~

jxzh`xlz`~gl `bh/



00902=5 <

Ih`~xzh| fi Jxzh`xlz`lw

Rhjhz‗| ~mhfzgh| fi jxzh`xlz`lw rhzh igzkcw ucò~hn ~fr`zn| @x~mfzg~w òn Z`~gfo`cg~w+

–Rhjhz |`r rm`~ kgbm~ mfcn ` |flgh~w ~fbh~mhz r`| |fkh |ho|h fi `x~mfzg~w‛ -Bzhw# :5571 ::'/

^mg| rfxcn uzfygnh ~mh |flgh~w rg~m goigog~h |xuucw fi |xllh||gyh `x~mfzg~w j`|hn fo ~mhgz h}uhzgholh

~hlmogl`c lù`jgcg~gh| òn |xuhzgfz ch`nhz|mgu xonhzcgohn rg~m ~mhgz z`~gfo`c lmfglh|/ Mhzh -Rhjhz# 07>='

jhcghyhn fz gk`bgohn ~m`~ ~mh z`~gfo`c chb`c |w|~hk rfxcn lzh`~h mgbm ~hlmogl`c hiiglgholw/ Rmglm mh

nhof~hn `| ` –z`~gfo`c+chb`c `x~mfzg~w‛ g| ò `x~mfzg~w# rmglm hoifzlh| c`r go go~hzh|~| fi ~mh |flgh~w/

Rhjhz |`r ~mg| ohr ~wuh fi fzbògq`~gfo |~zxl~xzh rmhzh ch`nhz|mgu òn `x~mfzg~w r`| nhzgyhn izfk `

iz`khrfzd ~m`~ r`| cfbgl`c/

–Go jxzh`xlz`lgh| ~mh lmfglh fi rmf |mfxcn jh bgyho `x~mfzg~w g| z`~gfo`ccw nh~hzkgohn jw zxch|

òn chb`ccw jgongob uzflhnxzh|‛ -M`~lm ) Lxocgiih#:5591 <0'/

Lzfqghz -079>1 <' go mg| jffd h}uc`go| ~f x| ~mh x|`bh fi ~mh rfzn Jxzh`xlz`~gl# ”mh |~`~h| ~m`~ ~mhzh `zh

j`|gl`ccw ~mzhh x|h| fi ~mh rfzn jxzh`xlz`~gl go ~mg| ighcn fi |flg`c |lgholh|‗/ @llfzngob ~f Lzfqghz -079>1

<' ~mh igz|~ òn ~mh kf|~ fz~mfnf} x|`bh fi ~mh lfzzh|ufongob ~f ”Ufcg~gl`c Hoygzfokho~‗ go ` |flgh~w

rmhzh ~mh bfyhzokho~`c fiiglh| rmglm `zh kò`bhn jw nhu`z~kho~| fi ~mh |~ ~h `zh fzb ogqhn

mghz`zlmgl`ccw m`ygob `j|fcx~h `x~mfzg~w/ Kglmhc Lzfqghz lfgo| ~mg| `x~mfzg~w `| jxzh`xlz`~gl ufrhz# rmglm

ngzhl~cw zhc`~h| ~f c`r òn fznhz/ \hlfon x|`bh fzgbgo`~hn izfk K`} Rhjhz l`ccgob g~ jxzh`xlz`~gq`~gfo#

rmglm |gkucw gkucgh| hoifzlgob zgbgn uzflhnxzh| ~f lfcchl~gyh `l~gyg~gh| rg~mgo ò fzbògq`~gfo/ Rmhzh`|

~mh ~mgzn khògob |~ ~h| izhpxho~ x|h fi ~mg| rfzn lfku`||gob |cfroh|| zhn ~ùh òn lfkucgl`~hn

uzflhnxzh| rg~mgo ò fzbògq`~gfo‗/ Izfk -Rhjhz# 07>=' ~mhfzgh| rh lfxcn lch`zcw gnho~giw lhz~`go ng|~gol~

~z`g~| fi rm`~ mh l`cchn `| ò Gnh`c ~wuh fi Jxzh`xlz`lw/ Ch~ x| igz|~ |~`z~ jw kho~gfogob ~mh kf|~ ng|~gol~

òn gomhzho~ ih`~xzh fi jxzh`xlz`lgh|/

Nhigohn mghz`zlmgl`c fznhz fi `x~mfzg~w òn Lho~z`cgq`~gfo fi Nhlg|gfo|+

^mg| ~z`g~ g| foh fi ~mh kf|~ lch`zcw gnho~gighn `|uhl~| rg~mgo ` jxzh`xlz`lw/ G~| hkum`|g| g| uc`lhn fo lch`z

lm`go fi lfkkòn ~mzfxbm kòw c`whz| rg~mgo ~mh fzbògq`~gfo/ Igfzh -:55>1 00:+008' |~`~h| ~m`~ ~mh

”lfkkòn| icfr izfk ~fu fiiglh| ~fr`zn| jf~~fk fz cfrhz chyhc fiiglh|‗ òn ~mh|h `zh zhbxc`~hn òn

bfyhzohn jw mgbmhz chyhc `x~mfzg~gh|/ Mhzh# ~mh ~fu nfro ùuzf`lm g| cgdh ` uwz`kgn rmhzh ~mh ~fu fiiglh

lfkkòn| ~mh kf|~ ufrhz òn `x~mfzg~w/ ^mg| `c|f khò| ~m`~ ~mhzh r`| ` |gbogiglò~ nhu`z~kho~`cgq`~gfo



00902=5 >

rg~mgo ~mh fzbògq`~gfo# rmhzh ~mh fzbògq`~gfo r`| ngygnhn go~f lfzh jx|goh|| ixol~gfo| cgdh uzfnxl~gfo#

k`zdh~gob òn igoòlh/ ^mh|h ixol~gfo| rhzh nhu`z~kho~| m`ygob c`whz| fi `x~mfzg~w jxgc~ go~f ~mhk/Fiiglh| `zh zòdhn go ` mghz`zlmgl`c fznhz# rg~m goifzk`~gfo icfrgob nfro ~mh lm`go fi lfkkòn/

–^gcc ~fn`w go kf|~ fzbògq`~gfo| rh |hh ~m`~ Mghz`zlmgl`c |~zxl~xzh| `zh hygnho~# rg~m ~mh izfo~

cgoh |~ìi zhufz~gob ~f |xuhzyg|fz| òn kò`bhz| òn |f fo xu ` rhcc+nhigohn lm`go fi lfkkòn‛

-K`nhzo# o/n/'/

Go ~mg| mghz`zlmw# hyhzw fiiglg`c go kgnnch kò`bhkho~ g| `llfxo~`jch ifz mg| `| rhcc `| mg| |xjfzngo`~h|

~`|d| òn `l~gfo| bgygob ` |ho|h fi zh|ufo|gjgcg~w òn `llfxo~`jgcg~w/ Kfzhfyhz c`zbh jxzh`xlz`lgh|

xonhz~ffd |uhlg cgqhn rfzd rmglm zhpxgzhn bzh`~hz lfo~zfc fo fzbògq`~gfo`c nwo`kgl| |xlm `| lf+fzngo`~gfo òn zh|fxzlh `ccfl`~gfo ~mx| m`ygob ` ~`cc yhz~gl`c mghz`zlmgl`c |~zxl~xzh i`lgcg~`~hn ` cf~/

Lho~z`cgq`~gfo fi nhlg|gfo|#

@| Kglmhc Lzfqghz goihz| ~m`~ jf~m gkuhz|fo`cg~w òn lho~z`cgq`~gfo fi nhlg|gfo| `zh lfkuchkho~`zw òn

kx~x`ccw golcx|gyh ~f h`lm f~mhz+

–^mh ufrhz fi nhlg|gfo k`dgob rg~mgo ` jxzh`xlz`~gl fzbògq`~gfo g| cfl`~hn h}`l~cw rmhzh ~mh

|~`jgcg~w fi ~mh go~hzo`c ”ufcg~gl`c‗ |w|~hk g| uzhihzzhn ~f `lmghyhkho~ fi ixol~gfo`c bf`c| fi ~mh

fzbògq`~gfo‛ -Lzfqghz# 0791 0=7'/

Mhzhjw nhlg|gfo| ~`dho `zh izhh izfk uhz|fo`c uzhaxnglh| òn hcgkgo`~h ~mh uhz|fo`c ufrhz òn `x~mfzg~w

rg~mgo ~mh fzbògq`~gfo/ ”Kfzhfyhz uhfuch mfr ~`dh nhlg|gfo| nfo‗~ m`yh ~mh igz|~+mòn dofrchnbh ~f

|fcyh ~mh uzfjchk òn fo ~mh f~mhz mòn g| ~m`~ ~mh uhfuch&izfo~cgoh hkucfwhh| rmf m`yh ~mh igz|~+mòn

dofrchnbh fi uzflh|| nfo‗~ m`yh ufrhz òn `x~mfzg~w ~f ~`dh nhlg|gfo| ~f |fcyh# h}uhzgkho~ òn goofy`~h‗

-Lzfqghz 079>1075'/ Hkucfwhh| go jxzh`xlz`lgh| zhcw fo ~fu kò`bhkho~ ~f uzfygnh ~mhk ngzhl~gfo òn `

u`~m ~f `lmghyh |h~ bf`c|/ Ixz~mhzkfzh# Go Jxzh`xlz`lgh| ~mh ~fu kò`bhkho~ lfxcn –h}hzlg|h bzh`~hz |u`

fi lfo~zfc# rmglm `ccfrhn ~mhk ~f h`|gcw kfog~fz òn k`go~ go j`c olh jh~rhho nhu`z~kho~| ònixol~gfo|‛ -Ah} ) Jzg~~# :55= u/>09'/ ^mg| cgdhrg|h mhcuhn go nhlg|gfo| jhgob ~`dho fo ` k`lzf

uhz|uhl~gyh ~mzfxbmfx~ ~mh fzbògq`~gfo/ Y`zgfx| khzg~| rm`~ rh lò zhc`~h go lfo~h}~ ~f jxzh`xlz`lgh| fo

lho~z cgqhn nhlg|gfo| k`dgob rhzh ”`nng~gfo`c lfo~zfc# kgogkgqh zhufz~gob uzflhnxzh| òn pxgldhz

nhlg|gfo uzflh||‗ -Lzfqghz# 079>1 075'/



00902=5 8

Chyhc fi Gkuhz|fo`cg~w fi go~hzuhz|fo`c zhc`~gfo|mgu| òn L`zhhz Fzgho~`~gfo

–Gkuhz|fo`cg~w khò| ~zh`~gob hyhzwfoh go ~mh |`kh zhb`zn| ~f ~mhgz gongygnx`c gnho~g~w òn ~mh

zxch fi c`r ~m`~ ùucgh| ~f `cc lg~gqho| òn axnglg`c |w|~hk| gku`z~g`ccw‛ -R`ccg|# :505'/

Hpx`ccw# Gkuhz|fo`cg~w zhihz| ~f zhkfy`c fi `cc |xjahl~gyg~w rg~mgo ~mh fzbògq`~gfo`c lfo~h}~/ Go f~mhz|

rfzn| cgdh –^`cwfzgò fzbògq`~gfo`c lc`||gl`c fo |lgho~gigl kò`bhkho~ rmhzh ~mhzh g| |~zgl~ hcgkgo`~gfo

fi òw uhz|fo`c hchkho~| izfk ~mh lfonxl~ fi rfzd/‛ -Bànx|lmhd# :55<'/ ”Jxzh`xlz`~gl z`~gfo`cg~w go

kfnhzo hz`# gkuhz|fo`cg~w lò fi~ho jh |hho go c`zbh jòd| rmhzh hkucfwhh| òn fiiglg`c| m`yh ~f ~zh`~ `cc

lx|~fkhz| go ~mh |`kh fjahl~gyh r`w# gzzh|uhl~gyh fi ~mh rmh~mhz ~mh lx|~fkhz g| izghon i`kgcw fz zhc`~gyh‗

-K`nhzo# o/n/'/@nng~gfo`ccw go jxzh`xlz`lgh| ohuf~g|k ~mzgyhn ~mg| `|uhl~ r`| holfku`||hn jw @o~mfow

Nfro| gccx|~z`~gob ~m`~ –uhz|foohc ufcglgh| rhzh nfkgo`~hn jw i`l~fz| |xlm `| |hogfzg~w# ohuf~g|k# h~mogl

j`ldbzfxon òn ufcg~gl`c lfoohl~gfo| fz jw uxzh lmòlh‛ -Nfro|# 07921 :=' -^xccfld# 0798'/

–Hkucfwkho~ go jxzh`xlz`~gl fzbògq`~gfo g| j`|hn fo ~hlmogl`c px`cgigl`~gfo|4 ~mhzh g| ` |w|~hk

fi uzfkf~gfo| `llfzngob ~f |hogfzg~w fz ~f `lmghyhkho~ fz jf~m‛ -Jc`x ) R/Khwhz# 07891 :5'

Go jxzh`xlz`lgh| hkucfwhh| `zh uzfkf~hn fz mgzhn `llfzngob ~f hnxl ~gfo`c px`cgigl`~gfo| òn rfzd

h}uhzgholh |golh ~mg| r`| ` –uzh zhpxg|g~h ~f gkuhz|fo`cg~w `| rhcc `| hiiglgholw‛ -Jc`x ) R/Khwhz# 0789

1:5'Cffdgob ixz~mhz go ~mhgz jffd Jc`x |~`~h| ~m`~ ~mg| ~wuh fi l`zhhz u`~m –holfxz`bh| ~mh nhyhcfukho~ fi

cfw`c~w òn |ugzg~ nh lfzu| `kfob khkjhz|‛ -Jc`x ) R/Khwhz# 07891 :5'/

Ngyg|gfo fi C`jfxz

Rhjhz|‗ gnh`c ~wuh fi jxzh`xlz`lw lù~xzhn ~mh of~gfo fi ngyg|gfo rg~mgo c`jfxz lc`||h| rmhzh c`jfzhz|

rhzh ngygnhn ~f gkuzfyh uzfnxl~gyg~w/ Ifz h}`kuch# kòw c`zbh kòxi`l~xzgob fzbògq`~gfo| cgdh Ifzn#

rfzdhz| rhzh ngygnhn go~f |uhlg`cgqhn ~`|d|4 ~mh|h lfkjgo`~gfo| fi |uhlg`cgqhn ~`|d| uzfnxlhn ` igo`c

uzfnxl~/ Go Ifzn foh rfzdhz rfxcn focw rfzd fo `||hkjcgob rmhhc| òn f~mhz rfzdhz rfxcn focw rfzd

fo `||hkjcgob fi ~mh n`|mjf`zn ~mx| go lfcc`jfz ~gfo lzh ~h ò @x~fkfjgch/ Ngyg|gfo `c|f `ccfrhn

jxzh`xlz`lgh| ~f k`~lm ~mh afj nhkòn| -uzfigch' fi ~`|d| ~f ~mh lù`jgcg~gh| fi rfzdhz|# `bzhhgob rg~m

Dgclxccho -0779' go mg| `z~glch fo K`} Rhjhz fo Lùg~`cg|k# rmhzh mh zhihz| ~f ~mh x|h fi mghz`zlmgl`c

|~zxl~xzh| òn ”@x~mfzg~`zgòg|k‗ lfxcn ch`n ~f hiihl~gyh ngyg|gfo fi c`jfxz/



00902=5 9

H}~ho|gyh \w|~hk| fi Ifzk`c òn Rzg~~ho Zxch| òn Zhbxc`~gfo| rg~mgo ` jxzh`xlz`lw +

–H}ucglg~ zxch| òn zhbxc`~gfo nhigoh ~mh zh|ufo|gjgcg~w fi h`lm khkjhz òn ~mh zhc`~gfo|mgu|

`kfob ~mhk‛ -Jc`x ) R/Khwhz# 07891 07'/

^mg| khò~ ~m`~ go Rhjhz‗| ~hzk| ~m`~ ~mh zxch| rhzh ùucghn ~f h`lm mghz`zlmgl`c c`whz fi ~mh fzbògq`~gfo

òn ~f h`lm hkucfwhh rg~mgo ~m`~ c`whz/ ^mh|h hkucfwhh| rhzh h}uhl~hn ~f rfzd rg~mgo ~mhgz afj

nh|lzgu~gfo jfxon ~f ~mh|h zxch|/ Ifz h}`kuch Jc`x go ~mhgz jffd |~`~hn ~m`~ –^mg| nfh| of~ gkucw ~m`~

jxzh`xlz`~gl nx~gh| `zh ohlh||`zgcw |gkuch òn zfx~goh‛ Mh `c|f ~`dh| ò h}`kuch goihzzgob ~m`~ ~mh|h zxch|

`zh gkucghn ~f ~mh fiiglh lchzd òn hyho ~f ~mh \xuzhkh lfxz~ Ax|~glh rmhzh ~mh ifzkhz g| goyfcyhn khzhcw

igccgob `cum`jh~gl`ccw òn ~mh c`~hz m`n ~f go~hzuzh~ ~mh c`r ~f |h~~ch l`|h| -Uh~hz K Jc`x# 07891 07'/ ^mg|

khò~ ~m`~ nx~gh| òn ~mh zxch| `||gbohn ~f ~mh|h nx~gh| zòbhn go lfkuch}g~w òn ùucghn xogyhz|`ccw òn

rzg~~ho nfro/

–Rhjhz uf|g~hn ~m ~ jxzh`xlz`lgh| rhzh ~hlmogl`ccw hiiglgho~ go|~zxkho~| fi `nkgog|~z ~gfo

jhl`x|h ~mhgz go|~g~x~gfo`cgqhn zxch| òn zhbxc`~gfo| ho`jchn `cc hkucfwhh| ~f ch`zo òn uhzifzk

~mhgz nx~gh| fu~gk`ccw‛ -A`go# :55>'/

^mh|h zxch| òn zhbxc`~gfo| nh~hzkgoh hkucfwhh| lmf|ho ifz h`lm afj ~mzfxbm khzg~ |w|~hk -^xccfld#

07981 09'/ ^mg| |w|~hk `ccfr| uhfuch ~f jh mgzhn òn uzfkf~hn fo ~mh j`|g| fi px cgigl`~gfo| òn

h}uhzgholh/ @llfzngob ~f Lzfqghz# -079>1 0==' ”~mhzh `zh ~rf zxch| ~mh igz|~ |h~ nh~hzkgoh| ~mh afj

|uhlgigl`~gfo ~mzfxbm px`cgigl`~gfo|# |dgcc| òn `jgcg~gh| fi hkucfwhh| òn ~mh |hlfon zxch g| ~m`~ afj

`ccfl`~gfo òn uzfkf~gfo rg~mgo ` jxzh`xlz`lw r`| nfro ~mzfxbm |hogfzg~w òn h}uhzgholh fi hkucfwhh|/

^mg| ch`n| ~f hkucfwhh| rfzdgob fo |uhlgighn òn |uhlgigl zfch| go `llfznòlh ~f ~mh z`~gfo`c iz`khrfzd

fi ~mh|h zxch|‗/



00902=5 2

Lzg~gl|# Lzg~glg|k| òn ~mh \mgi~

Jxzh`xlz`lgh| rhzh dofro ifz ~mhgz hiiglgholw# ifzk`cg~w òn zgbgng~w ofoh~mhch|| kòw `x~mfz|# -If} h~

`c/# :55>1 =0' -\ùzx# :55=1 :==' m`yh lzg~glgqhn ~mg| of~gfo ~m`~ go ~mh pxh|~ ifz jh~~hz lfo~zfc òn

hiiglgholw kòw jxzh`xlz`lgh| m`yh ifzbf~~ho ~mh –mxkò pxf~gho~‛ `| u`z~ fi ~mhgz fzbògq`~gfo go~hzo`c

hoygzfokho~/ ^mg| r`| rm`~ D`zc K`z} l`cchn `| –@cgho`~gfo fi c`jfxz‛ -K`z} ) Hobhc|# 07=='/

–^mhzh k`w jh y`zgfx| l`x|h| fi ~mh|h ifzk| fi `cgho`~gfo# rg~m jxzh`xlz`lw òn fzbògq`~gfo`c

|~zxl~xzh|# c`ld fi frohz|mgu# |flg`c ng|fzbògq`~gfo fz uffz kò`bhkho~# fz ~hlmofcfbw jhgob

`kfob ~mh lfkkfo h}ucò`~gfo|‛ -Bgobzglm# :55<'/

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`cgho`~gfo kòw -L`cmfxo# :5521 >>:' -K`w# 07791 99' `x~mfz| m`yh `c|f lzg~glgqhn jxzh`xlz`lgh| ~f

nhmxkògqh hkucfwhh| rg~mgo ~mh fzb ogq`~gfo jhl`x|h ~mhw rò~hn ~f k`go~ go ~mhgz |~zxl~xzh# jw

nhmxkògqgob g~ khò~ ~m`~ ~mhw lfo~zfcchn ~mh xouzhngl~`jch jhm`ygfz fi hkucfwhh| ~mzfxbm zxch| òn

zhbxc`~gfo| òn h}uhl~hn ~mhk ~f rfzd cgdh k`lmgoh|/ Rg~m ~mh|h lzg~glg|k| |xzzfxongob jxzh`xlz`lgh|

òn ~mhgz ohb`~gyh lfoof~`~gfo| kòw `x~mfz| m`yh |xbbh|~hn ~m`~ go fznhz ~f |xzygyh lmòbh# lhz~`go

fzbògq`~gfo| m`yh òn rgcc ~zò|ifzk ~mhk|hcyh| go~f –uf|~+jxzh`xlz`~gl‛ ifzk rmglm nhof~h| ~mh |`kh

khògob `| –uf|~ mghz`zlmgl`c‛ –ygz~x`c fzbògq`~gfo‛ –uf|~kfnhzo fzbògq`~gfo‛ òn ~mh –jfxon`zw ch||

fzbògq`~gfo‛ `| kho~gfohn jw -Kl\rhhohw# :5591 ::'#^mh|h `zh |wofowk| fi rm`~ ò uf|~ jxzh`lz`l~gl

fzbòg|`~gfo lfxcn nhof~h/ Ifz ~mh uxzuf|h fi ~mg| h||`w G rfxcn ò`cw|h ~mh|h fzbòg|`~gfo|/

\wkfo -:5551 <75' jzgob| fx~ ifxz dhw lm`z`l~hzg|~gl| fi uf|~ jxzh`xlz`lgh|# ”igz|~ jhgob `jch ~f `nù~ ~f

hoygzfokho~`c lmòbh| g/h/ ich}gjgcg~w# |hlfon ~f ch`zo izfk ~mhgz hoygzfokho~ òn goofy`~h `llfzngobcw/

^mgzncw ~f fx~|fxzlh ~mhgz ixol~gfo| ~f zhnxlh lf|~ òn ~f jh lx|~fkhz fzgho~hn/ C`|~cw nhlg|gfo| ~f jh

k`nh pxgldcw òn lmòbh| go fzbògq`~gfo`c ngzhl~gfo `zh `llfkucg|mhn rg~mfx~ c`zbh `nkgog|~z ~gyhuzflhnxzh|‗/ Kfzhfyhz M`ch| -:55:' goihzhn ~m ~ ”oh~rfzd fzbògq ~gfo g| foh |xlm h}`kuch fi uf|~

jxzh`xlz ~gl fzbògq`~gfo rmglm g| ng|~gol~cw ngiihz| izfk jxzh`xlz ~gl |h~xu `| ò `j|holh fi zgbgn

ngyg|gfo fi zxch| òn mghz zlmgl c òn zxch|‗ -M`ch|# :55:1 8>'/Mh `c|f lgzlxk|~òlh| ~m`~# oh~rfzd|

fzbògq`~gfo| `zh fzbògq`~gfo| m`ygob c`~hz`c goifzk`c lfkkxogl`~gfo jh~rhho |hci+kò`bhn ~h`k| rg~m

icxgn ngyg|gfo fi c`jfxz ~f `lmghyh |h~ bf c|/ Jh|gnh| ~mg| Dh`|~ h~ `c/# -:55>1 <9>' fugogfo`~hn ~m ~

oh~rfzd| rhzh ng|~gobxg|m`jch jhl`x|h –of foh r`| go lm`zbh‛ òn –~wugl`c ifzk| fi ufrhz òn `x~mfzg~w

nf of~ rfzd go oh~rfzd fzbògq`~gfo|‛/



00902=5 =

^mh zfch fi Goifzk`~gfo ~hlmofcfbw zhyfcx~gfo go ~mh u`|~ px`z~hz fi ` lho~xzw uc`lhn ò gkufz~ò~ ~xzogob

ufgo~ go fzbògq`~gfo`c |~xngh| -Dogbm~| ) Rgcckf~~# :5591 >75'# ~mh nhyhcfukho~ fi lfkux~hz j`|hn~hlmofcfbgh| g/h/ Goifzk`~gfo lfkkxogl`~gfo ~hlmofcfbw -GL^‗|' hkufrhzhn jxzh`xlz`lgh| ~f ~zò|g~gfo

go~f uf|~+jxzh`xlz lgh|# ifz h}`kuch x|h fi |w|~hk| fi px`cg~w lfo~zfc òn zh|fxzlh mhcuhn fzbògq`~gfo|

`nù~ pxgldcw# ifz h}`kuch x|h fi ^f~ c px cg~w kò`bhkho~ mhcuhn ^fwf~` gkuzfyh hiiglgholw òn

px`cg~w `~ rfzd/ @llho~xzh x|hn ~mh fx~|fxzlgob kfnhc ~f zhù ~mh jhohig~| fi lfo~zfc òn ich}gjgcg~w go

lfzh ixol~gfo|/ C`|~cw# Bffbch rg~m g~| fuho lxc~xzh if|~hzhn goofy`~gfo# lzh`~gyg~w òn ho~zhuzhohxzg`c

~`cho~ ~mzfxbm ic`~oh||/

Mgbmcgbm~gob ~mh|h -`jfyh kho~gfohn' fzbògq`~gfo| zhuzh|ho~ ax|~ ` |k`cc ufz~gfo fi `cc ~mh fzbògq`~gfo|

~m`~ h}g|~# Of rfonhz rh |hh ~mh k afzg~w fi fzbògq`~gfo| |~gcc rhnbhn rg~m ~mh uzgolguch| fi

jxzh`xlz`lw/ ^mg| r`| lfo|~ o~cw nxh ~f ~mh i`l~ ~m ~ g~ r`| h`|ghz ~f Zh+jxzh`xlz ~gqh ~mò ~f Nh+

jxzh`xlz`~gqh -Mfnb|fo# :55>1 72'# khògob ifz fzbògq`~gfo| g~ r`| h`|ghz ~f gkuchkho~ lmòbh j`|hn

rg~mgo ~mh jxzh`xlz ~gl kfnhc -hkum`|g| fo lf|~ gkucgl ~gfo| `| rhcc' z`~mhz lmòbh rmfccw go~f `

ngiihzho~ òn z`ngl`c uf|~+jxzh`xlz`~gl kfnhc/

–G~ rfxcn ùuh`z ~m`~ ~mh hkhzbholh fi ohr òn kfzh ich}gjch fzbògq`~gfo`c ifzk| rgcc nhuhon

fo gomhzho~cw lfkuch} òn go~z`l~`jch uzflh|| rmglm fllxz| rg~mgo jxzh`xlz`lw g~|hci‛ -Af||hzòn

h~ `c/# :5591 90'/

^mg| r`| ng|lx||hn jw -Af||hzòn h~ `c/# :5591 90' zhiihzgob ~f ~mh|h Zh+jxzh`lz ~gqhn `| mwjzgn

fzbògq`~gfo| fz nhkflz`~gl mghz`zlmgh|/



00902=5 7

Lfolcx|gfo

Go ~mh pxh|~ fi igongob ~mh kf|~ |xuhzgfz òn gnh`c ~wuh fi fzbògq`~gfo`c |~zxl~xzh kòw `l`nhkglgò|

m`yh lfolcxnhn ~m`~ ~mhzh g| of~ foh |gobch ~wuh fi |~zxl~xzh jx~ ~mhzh `zh kg} fi kòw ngiihzho~

|~zxl~xzh|+

–^mh uf|~ jxzh`xlz`~gl fzbògq`~gfo g| of~ izhh izfk ~mh Rhjhzgò Gnh`c ~wuh jx~ lfkjgoh| ~mh fcn

z`~gfo`cgq`~gfo khlmòg|k| rg~m ohr uzgolguch| fi oh~rfzd| òn nhkflz`lgh|/‛ -Af||hzòn h~ `c/#

:5591 88'/

@nng~gfo`ccw# ~mg| uùhz ng|lx||h| ò xonhz|~òngob ~m`~ ~mh jxzh`xlz`~gl kfnhc g| |~gcc ùucgl`jch go kòw

fzbògq`~gfo| jx~ of~ go `cc/ F~mhz ifzk| fi fzbògq`~gfo`c |~zxl~xzh| ~hon ~f `nfu~ lhz~`go uzgolguch| fi

jxzh`xlz`~gl kfnhc focw xonhz lgzlxk|~ò~g`c òn |g~x`~gfo`c hyho~|/ @c~mfxbm kxlm cgbm~ m`| jhho ux~ fo

lzg~glg|k| go ~mg| h||`w òn g~| ò`cw|g| fi jxzh`xlz lgh| jx~ ~f kw `|~fog|mkho~# G m`yh ifxon ~m ~ go

~fn`w‗| hz` fi Uf|~+ Jxzh`xlz`lw lhz~`go fzbògq`~gfo| cgdh bfyhzokho~`c `bholgh|# `zkw fiiglh| òn hyho

lhz~`go |k`cc fzbògq ~gfo| m`yh zh~`gohn ~mh fzgbgo`c ~z`g~| fi ~mh Rhjhzgò gnh`c ~wuh fi jxzh`xlz`lw/

@of~mhz yghr ufgo~ g| ~m`~ rm`~ rh |hh go ~fn`w‗| hz`# ngiihzho~ c`zbh òn |k`cc fzbògq`~gfo| uzhihz zh+

|~zxl~xzgob focw rg~mgo ~mh j`|gl jxzh`xlz ~gl kfnhc| z`~mhz ~mò |mgi~gob ~fr`zn| z`ngl ccw ohr

fzbògq`~gfo`c ifzk| -M`ch|# :55:1 90+9>'/

G rfxcn cgdh ~f lfolcxnh fo ~mg| of~gfo ~m`~ hyho ~mfxbm rh ufz~z`w fxz|hcyh| go ~mh Uf|~+Jxzh`xlz`~gl `bh

rh lwogl`ccw |hh ~m`~ focw kgofzg~w fi fzbògq`~gfo| h}ucglg~cw hkucfw ~mh uf|~+jxzh`xlz`~gl kfnhc/ ^mx|

g~ rfxcn jh |ìh ~f |`w ~m`~ ~mg| hz` zhichl~| ò ”h}`bbhz`~hn‗ gnhfcfbw# `llhu~hn focw jw ~mh ”uzgygchbhn‗

fzbògq`~gfo| rmf lò ìifzn |xlm nz`|~gl kh`|xzh| fi hyfcx~gfo/ / Cffdgob ifzr`zn ~mzhh nhl`nh| izfk

ofr# rh rfxcn lhz~`gocw |hh ò xogyhz|`c `llhu~òlh ~f ~mg| gnhfcfbw jhmgon Uf|~+Jxzh`xlz`lw# jx~ of~

ofr/

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00902=5 05

Rfzd| Lg~hn

Jc`x# U/K/ ) R/Khwhz# K/# 0789/ Jxzh`xlz`lw go Kfnhzo \flgh~w/ Zònfk Mfx|h Gol/

L`cmfxo# L/# :552/ Lfo~hkufz`zw \flgfcfbgl`c ^mhfzw/ Rgchw Jc`ldrhcc/

Lzfqghz# K/# 079>/ ^mh Jxzh`xlz`~gl Umhofkhofo/ Xogyhz|g~w fi Lmgl`bf/

Nfro|# @/# 0792/ Go|gnh Jxzh`xlz`lw/ ^mh Zòn Lfzufz`~gfo/

Igfzh# N/A/# :55>/ Go~zfnxl~gfo ~f hnxl`~gfo`c `nkgog|~z`~gfo1 |~òn`zn|# ~mhfzgh|# òn uz`l~glh/ Hwh foHnxl`~gfo/

If}# R/# \lmrhcc`# H/ ) Rg||god# M/# :55>/ Uxjcgl Kò`bhkho~/ @izglò \xo Khng`/

Bànx|lmhd# B/# :55</ Xolhz~ go~w Zhnxl~gfo 1 @o Gbofzhn Hchkho~ fi Jxzh`xlz ~gl Z`~gfo`cg~w

Jxzh`xlz`lw1 g| g~ hiiglgho~6 g| g~ of~6 g| ~m`~ Pxh|~gfo6 @nkgog|~z`~gfo òn \flgh~w# <>-9'/

Bgobzglm# U/# :55</ D`zc K`z} fo @cgho`~gfo/ TFocgoh[ @y`gc`jch `~1 MWUHZCGOD

m~~u1&&xzhbgo`/l`&bgobzglm&:85a:25</m~k/

Bzhw# L/# :557/ @ Yhzw \mfz~# i gzcw Go~hzh|~gob òn Zh |fo`jcw Lmhù Jffd `jfx~ \~xnwgob

Fzbògq`~gfo|/ \`bh/

M`ch|# L/# :55:/ "Jxzh`xlz`lw+Cg~h" òn Lfo~goxg~gh| go Kò`bhzg`c Rfzd/ Jzg~g|m Afxzo`c fi Kò`bhkho~#

0<-80+99'/

M`cc# Z/# 072:/ ^mh Ifzk`c Fzbògq`~gfo/ J`|gl Jffd|/

M ~lm# K/A/ ) Lxocgiih# @/C/# :559/ Fzbògq`~gfo ~mhfzw 1 kfnhzo# |wkjfcgl òn uf|~kfnhzo

uhz|uhl~gyh|/ F}ifzn Xogyhz|g~w Uzh||/

Mfnb|fo# N/H/# :55>/ Uzfahl~ Rfzd1 ^mh Chb`lw fi Jxzh`xlz`~gl Lfo~zfc go ~mh Uf|~+Jxzh`xlz`~gl

Fzbògq`~gfo/ Fzbògq`~gfo# 00/

A`go# @/# :55>/ X|gob ~mh cho| fi K`} Rhjhz"| ^mhfzw fi Jxzh`xlz`lw ~f H}`kgoh H+Bfyhzokho~

Zh|h`zlm/ <2 M`r`gg Go~hzo`~gfo`c Lfoihzholh fo \w|~hk \lgholh|/

Ah}# \/K/ ) Jzg~~# ^/R/# :55=/ Fzbògq`~gfo`c u|wlmfcfbw1 ` |lgho~g|~+uz`l~g~gfohz ùuzf`lm/ :on hn/ Afmo

Rgchw ) \fo|/

Af||hzòn# H/# ^hf# \/ ) Lchbb# \/# :559/ Izfk Jxzh`xlz`~gl ~f Uf|~ Jxzh`xlz`~gl/ ^mh ngiiglxc~gh| fi

^zò|g~gfo# 07-0'/

Dh`|~# Z/# U/Kònhcc# K/# Jzfro# D/ ) Rffclfld# B/# :55>/ Oh~rfzd \~zxl~xzh|4 Rfzdgob Ngiihzho~cw

òn Lmòbgob H}uhl~`~gfo|/ Uxjcgl @nkgog|~z`~gfo Zhyghr# 9>->'/

Dgclxccho# A/# 0779/ K@] RHJHZ1 FO L@UG^@CG\K/ TFocgoh[ @y`gc`jch ~1 MWUHZCGOD

m~~u1&&rrr/mxkòg~gh|/kp/hnx/`x&Fldm`k&w9>c05/m~kc/



00902=5 00

Dogbm~|# N/ ) Rgcckf~~# M/# :559/ Go~zfnxlgob Fzbògq`~gfo`c Jhm`ygfz òn Kò`bhkho~/ Lhob`bh

Ch`zogob/

K`nhzo# @/# o/n/ Go~hbz`~hn Kò`bhkho~/ Igoòlg`c Kò`bhkho~/

K`z}# D/ ) Hobhc|# I/# 07==/ Hlfofkgl ) Umgcf|fumgl Kòx|lzgu~| fi 0=>>/ Uzfkh~mhx|/

K`w# C/# 0779/ ^mh |flg`ccw zh|ufo|gyh |hci1 |flg`c ~mhfzw òn uzfih||gfo`c h~mgl|/ Xogyhz|g~w fi Lmgl`bf

Uzh||/

Kl\rhhohw# J/# :559/ @zh rh cgygob go ` uf|~+jxzh`xlz`~gl huflm6 Afxzo`c fi Fzbògq`~gfo`c Lmòbh

Kò`bhkho~# 07-0'/

\ùzx# Z/D/# :55=/ @nkgog|~z`~gyh ^mhfzgh| @on Kò`bhkho~ ^mfxbm/ :on hn/ UMG Ch`zogob Uy~/ C~n/

\wkfo# B/# :555/ Goifzk`~gfo òn Lfkkxogl`~gfo ^hlmofcfbgh| òn ~mh oh~rfzd fzbògq`~gfo| 1 `

lzg~gl`c ò`cw|g|/ Afxzo`c fi Fllxu`~gfo`c òn Fzbògq`~gfo`c U|wlmfcfbw # 2</

^xccfld# B/# 0798/ ^mh ufcg~gl| fi jxzh`xlz`lw/ Uxjcgl @ii`gz| Uzh||/

R`ccg|# A/A/# :505/ Go|~g~x~gfo|# Fzbògq`~gfo|# Gkuhz|fo`cg~w òn Go~hzh|~|/ ^mh nwo`kgl| fi Go|~g~x~gfo|/

Rhjhz# H/g/\/I/K/R/# 07>=/ M/M Bhz~m L/Rzgbm~ Kgcc|/ Cfrh ) Jzwnfoh C~n/

assessed essay 1161780

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