Assessing Health

• Health =State of optimal functioning or well-being

• Wellness= an active process in which individuals are aware of choices they make to lead a better life

• Illness = state in which function is impaired compared with previous function.

• Health has many definitions:

Health• Traditionally health and illness were

viewed as two separate entities• 1946 W.H.O. (World Health

Organization) “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

• Several models of health and illness

Health - Illness Continuum• Measures a person’s perceived level of health• Take wellness quiz!• Constantly changing state• Perception of HEALTH is influenced by individual’s

self-concept, culture, environment, and many other internal & external variables

• High level wellness at one end, normal health in the center and illness-death at the opposite end

Holistic Health Model• System that considers all components of

health: promotion, maintenance, education, illness prevention,and restorative care

• Holistic theory requires forces of nature be kept in balance therefore holistic health involves the total person

• Clients assuming responsibility for health maintenance and health workers working to promote optimal conditions to promote health.

Basic Human Needs Model

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needsall people share basic human needseach person has unique needspriority is usually given to

physiological needs, but may fluctuate d/t individual perceptions

Health Promotion Model (HPM)

• HPM- depicts the multidimensional nature of people interacting with their interpersonal and physical environments when they pursue health

• This model stresses the importance of an individuals uniqueness, behavior -specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral outcomes

Homeostasis & Adaptation

• Homeostasis-physiological and psychological mechanisms respond to changes in the internal and external environment to maintain a balanced state. To maintain health the body’s internal environment needs a balanced state

• Adaptation- change that occurs due to a response from stressor. Adaptation occurs to maintain homeostasis

homeostasis

• BP= 90/60 to 130/90• pulse:= 60 to 100• Respirations= 12 to 24• Temp 98.6 -99 degrees F oral• O2 sat = 95 to 100%• BS= 70-120

Influences on Health and

Health Belief Practices

• Physical• Developmental• Emotional• Intellectual• Environmental• Sociocultural• Spiritual

Effects of Illness• Loss of

independence• Lack of control• Dependent on

others• Financial

deprivation• Family hardship• Decreased self -

esteem

Planning Health Promotion

• Based on patient needs• Needs are prioritized based on the best

practice, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, & growth and developmental level

• Acute Illness = short duration; severe • Chronic Illness = persists > 6 mos