ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE AND SIMPLE

UNDERSTANDINGNicolai Anniana S. Bautista

High Quality Summative Assessment

• clear and appropriate goals and objectives • the assessment method is the best match for your goals and objectives • have evidence that the decisions you make from the results of the assessment are

valid • construct an assessment that will minimize error

• the assessment is fair and unbiased

• the assessment is practical and efficientNicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Preparing for Summative Assessment

• Representative Sampling:

Most assessments can only sample what students have learned. To ensure representative sampling use a table of specifications and have your learning objectives close at hand.

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Preparing for Summative Assessment

• Number and Length of Assessments

- Allocate a sufficient amount of time for completion of your

test or quiz. Too much time is better than not enough time. - Many short assessments can provide a more accurate representation of what a student knows than one long assessment.- Consider the age of the students, the length of the class, the subject matter, and the type of items used.

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Preparing for Summative Assessment

• Test Provided by Textbook Publishers

- Contrary to popular belief, these tests are not always valid and reliable. These types of tests need to be reviewed carefully to ensure that the fundamental principles of good assessment are followed. - No matter what type of test you use, it should always be based on your goals and objectives.

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Assessing Recall Knowledge

•Completion•Short Answer•Selected Response

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

CompletionThese are sentences with one or two missing words or symbols. They are useful for assessing knowledge of facts, simple concepts, principles, and formulas.

Guidelines:1. Paraphrase sentences from textbooks or other instructional materials.2. Word the sentence so that only one brief answer is correct.3. Place the blank(s) at the end of the sentence, rather than the beginning.4. The omitted words should be significant - a central concept to be assessed.5. Do not include clues to the correct answer, such as a vs. an, subject-verb agreement and blanks of different lengths.

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Examples:

A. _______, who is a Spanish explorer arrived in the Philippines in _______.B. Ferdinand Magellan, who is a Portugese-born Spanish explorer arrived in the Philippines in the year______.

A. William Shakespeare, wrote _______in 1595.B. William Shakespeare, wrote the comedy, _________ in 1595.

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Short AnswerThese are questions or prompts that have answers that range from a single word to one or two short sentences. Guidelines:1. One correct answer2. Avoid textbook questions3. Brief and specific answers4. Check vocabulary words used

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Examples:

A. Where is the Chocolate Hills located?B. In which city in the Philippines is the Chocolate Hills

located?

A. Define Item FormatsB. List down 3 types of Item Formats

A. Who was the first Philippines president? B. Who was the first Philippine president of

the 2nd republic?Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Selected Response

These are items wherein the students select from available alternatives. include options such as multiple choice, matching, and true/false questions. These question types can be very effective and efficient methods for measuring students’ knowledge and reasoning

• Matching Items• True/False and Binary Choice Items• Multiple Choice Items

OR

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Matching Items

These items provide a list of stimulus (premises) words or phrases or pictures and a set of response words or phrases or pictures. They work well for matched pairs.

Guidelines:1. Make sure that the directions are clear to students. 2. Parallel in type. Do NOT mix definitions with concepts with paired facts.3. Provide more response options than stimuli.4. Keep the responses short and logically ordered.5. Avoid grammatical clues to correct answers.

A B

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Example:

COLUMN A COLUMN BRomeo Arrogant, Juliet’s cousinJuliet Main characterNurse He is a MontagueTybalt Nanny of Juliet

Priest who married Romeo and Juliet

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

True/False and Binary ItemsThese items can be used with graphics, passages, or other stimulus materials that yield correct or incorrect interpretations. or application of knowledge.

Guidelines:1. Write the item so that the answer options are consistent with the logic in the

sentence. 2. Include a fact in the item.3. Avoid long sentences.4. Avoid insignificant Ideas5. Reinforce positive statements6. Avoid clues to the answer7. No tricks8. Avoid using vague adjectives and adverbsNicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Example:

Poor: T F Makati City is NOT the capital of the Philippines

Better: T F Makati City is the capital of the Philippines

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Multiple Choice ItemsThese items provide a stem in the form of a question or incomplete sentence and three or more alternative one of which is the correct or best answer and the remaining are called distractors. Guidelines:1. Make sure that the stem poses a problem that is complete and clear.2. Avoid the use of negatives in the stem.3. Avoid irrelevant clues 4. Distractors must be plausible yet completely wrong5. Avoid using all or none of the above6. Ensure that all answers are parallel in length, grammar, conceptual

difficulty, and syntactic construction.Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

Example

Poor: Which of the following is the largest city in the Philippines?

A. Kuala LumpurB. LondonC. Quezon CityD. Berlin

Better: Which of the following is the largest city in the Philippines?

A. Baguio B. CebuC. Quezon CityD. San Juan

.

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

ACTIVITY

Source:

McMillan, J.H. (2007). Classroom assessment: Principles and practice for effective standards-based instruction (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista