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Assessment and Management of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Shu-Yi (Emily) Wang, PhD, RN, [email protected]
Denver School of Nursing
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Figure 41-1, pp. 1381
Treatment Goal Is to Normalize Blood Glucose Levels
Intensive control dramatically decreases vascular and neuropathic complications
Rotating injection sites (prevent ipoatrophy)Faster absorption: abdomen→ arm →thigh →buttock
Figure 41-6, pp. 1400
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood glucose level (below 50 to 60 mg/dL)
Causes include too much insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, too little food, and excessive physical activity
Manifestations
Adrenergic symptoms: sweating, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, and hunger
Pathophysiology of DKA
Figure 41-9, pp. 1413
An accumulation of sorbitol & fructose in the nervous (Schwann cells)
Reduced nerve conduction & demyelinization
Ischemia in blood vessels
Supply nutrition to the peripheral nerves
Neuropathy
Hyperglycemia
