assessment and mapping of salt marsh vulnerabilities to guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · bio living...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MACWA Marsh Futures:
Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide Restoration at the Local Scale
Danielle Kreeger, LeeAnn Haaf & Angela PadelettiPartnership for the Delaware Estuary
Martha Maxwell Doyle & Erin ReillyBarnegat Bay Partnership
http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?id=88550854
![Page 2: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Coastal Wetlands
AbundantDiverse
Benefits:
Flood ProtectionWater QualityFish and WildlifeNatural AreasCarbon Capture
![Page 3: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Coastal Marsh Declines
• Losing ~1 acre per day in
the Delaware Estuary
• Losses due to various
stressors
![Page 4: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Mid-Atlantic Coastal Wetland AssessmentIntegrated monitoring of tidal wetlands for
water quality, habitat management, and
climate/restoration planning
Remote
Sensing
Ground-
Truthing
Intensive
Studies
Station
Monitoring
![Page 5: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tier 1 – Landscape Census
• NWI, NVCS etc.
• Land Use – Land Cover
• Aerial imagery
![Page 6: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tier 2 – Rapid Assessments
• PDE/BBP/DNREC has assessed the condition of >400 points since 2010 (Mid-TRAM)
![Page 7: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Stressor-response relationships vary widely, with lots of interactions
• Hydrology alterations
• Mosquito ditching
• Nutrient loadings
• Fill, Point sources
• Marine debris
Substrate Softness
Tier 2 – Rapid Assessments
![Page 8: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tier 3 – Intensive Studies
• Vulnerability assessments
• Ecosystem service studies
• Restoration tactic R&D
• Restoration targeting
![Page 9: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Tier 4 – Station Monitoring
• 11 Stations installed
• Physical, chemical, biological
Tidal Wetlands
SSIM Station 2010
SSIM Station 2011
SSIM Station 2012
SSIM Station 2014
DNERR Station
Horse Point
![Page 10: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Are nutrient loadings affecting ability to keep pace with SLR?
Interesting PatternsA
G &
BG
Bio
mas
s
BG:AG Ratio
Tidal Creek Nutrients
![Page 11: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Majority of marshes are net eroding
from Tier 2 rapid assessments, shoreline metric
Net Accretion
Net Erosion
Erosion vs. Accretion
![Page 12: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Two Decline Patterns
> 1 m per year edge loss
Edge Erosion (Horizontal) Interior Drowning (Vertical)
White = new
open water
Source: Riter and Kearney 2009
![Page 13: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Future Challenges
Tipping
Zone?
Most Salt Marshes Cannot Survive When Sea Levels Rise >1 cm Per Year
![Page 14: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Happy, Healthy Plants on
Living ShorelineUnhappy Plants on
Nearby
Living Shoreline
MACWA Reference Data
10 cm difference in elevation from
Jim
Morris
![Page 15: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Will Tidal Wetlands Keep Pace with SLR?
Primary
Productivity
15
Sediment SupplyEnergy,
Erosion
NutrientsSea Level
ElevationCapitol
![Page 16: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Will Tidal Wetlands Keep Pace with SLR?
Primary
Productivity
16
Sediment SupplyEnergy,
Erosion
NutrientsSea Level
ElevationCapitol
![Page 17: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Drowning (Vertical Loss)
Slide adapted from James Morris
• Plants Have Optimal Growth Ranges
MHW
MW
MLW
Appro
xim
ate
G
row
th R
ange
S. altern
iflo
ra
![Page 18: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Drowning (Vertical Loss)
Slide adapted from James Morris
MHW
MW
MLW
Appro
xim
ate
G
row
th R
ange
S. altern
iflo
ra
When rate of SLR > rate of (net) accretion ……
![Page 19: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
… plants can grow taller at first….
MHW
MW
MLW
Slide adapted from James Morris
Drowning (Vertical Loss)
![Page 20: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
But eventually succumb
MHW
MW
MLW
Drowning (Vertical Loss)
![Page 21: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Elevation Capitol
LeeAnn Haaf, PDE
![Page 22: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Elevation Capitol
LeeAnn Haaf, PDE
![Page 23: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Coastal Resilience
Hurricane Sandy (NASA)
Coastal Wetland Projects
![Page 24: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Post-Sandy LessonsFlooding and storm damage was lower adjacent to protective coastal wetlands and dunes
Nearby destruction with hard
infrastructure
PDE-Rutgers Living
Shoreline undamaged
![Page 25: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Habitat Benefits
Army Corps Study:
http://www.nad.usace.army.mil/Portals/40/docs/NACCS/NACCS_main_report.pdf
![Page 26: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Enhancement Tactics
Oyster/Rock Breakwaters
Living Shorelines
Sediment Placement
What Tactics?Where Best?Successful?
![Page 27: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sediments are a Critical Feature of the Delaware Estuary
![Page 28: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
EXAMPLES
Beneficial UseWhy Needed?
Marshes need sediments
More sediment is removed from the system by dredging than is replaced via river inputs
Sediment deficits can lead to marsh drowning
![Page 29: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CONFINED DISPOSAL FACILITY
SALT MARSH
SHIPPING CHANNEL
ESTUARY
BENEFICIAL USE
SEDIMENT INPUT FROM
THE WATERSHED
DEPOSITION
DEPOSITION
EROSION / SCOUR
Restoration and Beneficial Use
Slide from Burke 2010 DK 29
Peppers Creek,
DE 9/25/13
![Page 30: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Investment in Delaware Valley Lags
http://delawareestuary.org/science_programs_state_of_the_estuary_treb.asp
Despite Tough
Times,…
High Potential
for Beneficial
Outcomes
from Natural
Infrastructure
Investment
![Page 31: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Deciding What to Do Where
Landscape Planning >> Local Project Designs
![Page 32: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Planning - Hierarchical Analysis
3. On-the-Ground Assessment
Marsh Futures
2. Remote Sensing Analyses, Models
Coastal Resilience Tool
1. Regional Prioritization
Regional Restoration Initiative
3. On-the-Ground Analyses, Project Concepts4. Project Concepts > Project Plans
Installation/Implementation
5. Monitoring
Installation/Implementation
6. Implementation
Regional Restoration Initiative
![Page 33: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Planning - Hierarchical Analysis
3. On-the-Ground Assessment
Marsh Futures
2. Remote Sensing Analyses, Models
Coastal Resilience Tool
1. Regional Prioritization
Regional Restoration Initiative
3. On-the-Ground Analyses, Project Concepts4. Project Concepts > Project Plans
Installation/Implementation
5. Monitoring
Installation/Implementation
6. Implementation
Regional Restoration Initiative
Locate Opportunities
Dredging Layer
Eco Needs Layer
![Page 34: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How to Judge Marsh Impairment?
Observations
• Wetland impairment can stem from diverse causes
• Pools, pannes, and short vegetation occur in healthy marshes
• Deficits in Elevation Capital (vertical vulnerability) are not
always caused by lack of sediments
• Sediment application (TL) can help or harm a marsh
• Sediment impairment and TL opportunities should be
identified with care using ecological reference datasets
![Page 35: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Planning - Hierarchical Analysis
3. On-the-Ground Assessment
Marsh Futures
2. Remote Sensing Analyses, Models
Coastal Resilience Tool
1. Regional Prioritization
Regional Restoration Initiative
3. On-the-Ground Analyses, Project Concepts4. Project Concepts > Project Plans
Installation/Implementation
5. Monitoring
Installation/Implementation
6. Implementation
Regional Restoration Initiative
Restoration Explorer Tool
Marsh Futures
![Page 36: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Marsh Futures Site Assessment
Goal: Develop a field-based rapid assessment method to
guide suitable projects that enhance salt marsh integrity
Outcomes:
• Vulnerability Maps
- reflect horizontal/vertical processes
• Project Guidance Maps
- reflect temporal/spatial needs
Local Site
Planning
Verified
Conditions
![Page 37: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1. Select Marshes of Interest
![Page 38: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
2. Desktop Analyses
Elevation Data
Analysis by Natural Lands Trust
![Page 39: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
2. Desktop Analyses
Shoreline
Change
Analysis Natural Lands Trust Analysis using USGS Digital Shoreline Analysis System
![Page 40: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
3. Rapid Field Assessments
Unhappy Plants on
Nearby
Living Shoreline
Physical – elevation, slope, erosion, substrate firmness
Biological – blade height, light penetration
AnomolousTypical
![Page 41: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
4. Vulnerability Mapping
Vulnerable to Drowning
Use anomalies as weights to adjust elevation scores
Elevation Capital Mapping
Weighted measures are unitless
![Page 42: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
4. Vulnerability Mapping
Drowning Risk
Erosion Risk
Shoreline Retreat Rates
Elevation Elevation Capital
![Page 43: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
5. Project Guidance Mapping
Where will
various
investments
yield greatest
outcomes?
What should be
the sequence of
interventions?
High Marsh Containment
Thin-layer Enhancement
Hybrid Living Shoreline
Bio Living Shoreline
![Page 44: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Results – Vulnerability Maps
Edge Erosion Risk
Maurice >> Fortescue > Money Island
Interior Drowning Risk
Fortescue > Money Island > Maurice
Hydrological Impairment
Money Island > Fortescue > Maurice
![Page 45: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Results – BMP Maps
Maurice:
Living Shorelines (aggressive mix needed)
Fortescue
Thin Layer Sediment (in low spots)
High Marsh Containment
Living Shorelines (to maintain)
Money Island
Hydrological Connectivity? (more study needed)
High Marsh Containment
![Page 46: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Planning - Hierarchical Analysis
3. On-the-Ground Assessment
Marsh Futures
2. Remote Sensing Analyses, Models
Coastal Resilience Tool
1. Regional Prioritization
Regional Restoration Initiative
3. On-the-Ground Analyses, Project Concepts4. Project Concepts > Project Plans
Installation/Implementation
5. Monitoring
Installation/Implementation
6. Implementation
Regional Restoration Initiative
Restoration Explorer Tool
Marsh Futures
Detailed Field Surveys, Ecology + Engineering
Side View
Top View
![Page 47: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Matts Landing
Money
Island
Lewes
Mispillion
Camden
Delaware Estuary Living Shoreline Initiative
![Page 48: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Recent Living shorelines
Mispillion HybridLewes Canal
Nantuxent HybridMoney Island
![Page 49: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Project Monitoring Linked to MACWA
3. On-the-Ground Assessment
Marsh Futures
2. Remote Sensing Analyses, Models
Coastal Resilience Tool
1. Regional Prioritization
Regional Restoration Initiative
3. On-the-Ground Analyses, Project Concepts4. Project Concepts > Project Plans
Installation/Implementation
5. Monitoring
Installation/Implementation
6. Implementation
Regional Restoration Initiative
Restoration Explorer Tool
Marsh Futures
Detailed Field Surveys, Ecology + Engineering
Apply Monitoring Framework, Pre and Post
![Page 50: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
May 28, 2015
untreated area
Post Sandy
Bulkhead near LS
treated area
Matts Landing, NJ
![Page 51: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Maurice River, NJ
“Failed” living shoreline installed in 2008-2010
Untreated Area
Treated Area - COIR
logs gone but still
some protection
![Page 52: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Living shoreline Monitoring Framework
Goal-based
![Page 53: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Core Metrics
Shellfish
Vegetation
Sedimentation
Structural Integrity
Mispillion LS MonitoringMetric Type Attribute Goal Metric Methods
Core Physical Shoreline Stabilization Elevation Change RTK
Core Physical Shoreline Stabilization Contiguous
Vegetated Edge
RTK
Core Physical Shoreline Stabilization Sediment Capture RTK
Supplemental Physical Shoreline Stabilization Bearing Capacity Slide Hammer
Supplemental Physical Shoreline Stabilization Sediment Accretion Feldspar Marker
Horizon
Core Biological Ecological Enhancement Vegetation
Robustness
Vegetation Board
Core Biological Ecological Enhancement Vegetation Integrity Blade Height
Core Biological Ecological Enhancement Extent of Bivalve
Communities
Lip Counts
Oyster Reef Extent
Core Biological Ecological Enhancement Extent of Bivalve
Communities
Shell Bag
Recruitment
Core Biological Ecological Enhancement Inhibition of “Critter”
Movement
Presence/Absence of
Trapped “Critters”
Core Chemical Prevailing Environmental Conditions Temperature YSI
Core Chemical Prevailing Environmental Conditions Salinity YSI
Core Other Structural Integrity of Materials Coir Logs Observation
Core Other Structural Integrity of Materials Coir Mats Observation
Core Other Structural Integrity of Materials Shellbags Observation
Core Other Structural Integrity of Materials Hardened Structures Observation
Core Other Disturbance Anthropogenic Observation
Core Other Disturbance Wildlife Observation
Core Other Photo Documentation Camera
![Page 54: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Marsh
Treatments
Oyster
Breakwater
Controls
Reference =
nearest
MACWA
station
Statistical Approach = BACIR
Before – After - Control – Indicator - Reference
![Page 55: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Did Sediment Collect?
Mispillion LS Results - Physical
Yes
Treated areas
gained elevation
Untreated areas
continued to lose
elevation
![Page 56: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Mispillion LS Results - Biological
Did Plants Survive?
Yes
August, 12, 2015
February 2, 2016
![Page 57: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Mispillion LS Results - Biological
Did Shellfish Colonize Structures?
Yes
Good oyster
recruitment in 2014,
better in 2015
Mussel data still being
analyzed
![Page 58: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Next Steps for Marsh Futures
• Refine Metrics to reflect
different types of
vulnerabilities
• Streamline field efforts to
more rapidly assess sites
or expand to larger areas
Breaks for
weighting
based on
MACWA
datasets
![Page 59: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Conclusions
• Tidal wetlands are vital for coastal resilience in the Delaware Estuary region, but are in decline
• Well-designed restoration projects are needed and should address specific ecological impairments
• Marsh Futures is an example method for providing project guidance using ecological datasets
• Beneficial use of dredged sediments can help address certain types of marsh impairment if carefully deduced and matched to ecological needs; but there is risk of harm
• Most tidal wetland decline is due to edge erosion, and restoration of lost and degraded marsh edges may offer greater bang for buck compared to platform elevation
![Page 60: Assessment and Mapping of Salt Marsh Vulnerabilities to Guide … · 2016. 11. 7. · Bio Living Shoreline. Results –Vulnerability Maps Edge Erosion Risk Maurice >> Fortescue >](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051907/5ffa2954d0ea6060614ae942/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
For More InfoPDE Report No. 15-03. Marsh Futures: use of scientific survey tools to
assess local salt marsh vulnerability and chart best management practices
and interventions. http://delawareestuary.org/sciencereports
PDE Science Team