assessment of allelopathic potential in artemisia annua on maize, wheat and their some associated...
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![Page 1: Assessment of allelopathic potential in Artemisia annua on maize, wheat and their some associated weed species By Hassanein, E.E; Abd El-Hamid, M.M. and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649ed55503460f94be5f7d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Assessment of allelopathic potential in Artemisia annua on maize, wheat and their some associated weed species
By
Hassanein, E.E; Abd El-Hamid, M.M .
and M.S., Mekky
Weed Res., Lab., Field Crop Res. Inst., ARC, Giza Egypt.
Artemisia annua Artemisia plant
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Objectives : To study the allelopathic effect of
wormwood extracts on germination, growth of maize and wheat as well as
associated weed species.
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A - Laboratory experiments: Two experiments were conducted as follow:-.
Materials and Methods
Experiment I (preliminary experiment): Included 14 concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30, 45,
60, 75, 90, 120, 135 and 140 mg dry weight ml-1c water), replicated twice to determine sensitivity range of maize to the studied extracts.
Experiment II: Included 8 concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21
mg dry weight /ml) replicated three times to determine the required concentration to cause 50% inhibition of seed germination (I50).
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B - Wire house experiments: -
Three pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of
wormwood extracts on maize, wheat and associated weed species in pots.
Maize experiments: Two pot experiments were conducted to study the
effect of wormwood extracts on maize and some weed species in pots as follow:
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1-Wormwood extract at 3 g/pot applied at 3 days after sowing (DAS).
2-Wormwood extract at 1.5 g /pot applied at 3 DAS.3-Wormwood extract at 0.75 g/pot applied at 3 DAS.
4-Wormwood extract at 3 g/pot applied at 21 DAS.5-Wormwood extract at 1.5 g/pot applied at 21 DAS.
6-Wormwood extract at 0.75 g/pot applied at 21 DAS7- Check (control).
The 1St experiment included Seven treatments on pots in three
replicates as follow:
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The 2nd experiment on maize included seven treatments in pots in
replicated three times as follow:
1- Wormwood extract at 1.5 g/pot applied at 3 DAS.2- Wormwood extract at 0.75 g/pot applied at 3 DAS.3- Wormwood extract at 0.38 g/pot applied at 3 DAS.4- Wormwood extract at 1.5 g/pot applied at 21 DAS.5- Wormwood extract at 0.75 g/pot applied at 21 DAS.6- Wormwood extract at 0.38 g/pot applied at 21 DAS.7- Check (control).
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Wheat experiment:Included five treatments in pots as follow:
1-Wormwood extract by natural white vinegar 2.5% acetic acid at 3 g/pot applied at 2-5 leaves of weed.2-Wormwood extract by water at 3 g/pot applied at
2-5 leaves of weed.3-Wormwood extract by water at 3 g plus 3.3 ml
acetic 2.5%/pot applied at 2-4 leaves of weed.
4-Natural white vinegar 2.5% acetic acid at 50 ml/pot applied at 2-4 leaves of weed check (control).
5- Check (control).
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•The required concentration of extract for causing 50% inhibition of germination of maize was 4 mg/ml.
Results and Discussion
A- Laboratory experiments:
Inhibition % of grain maize
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25Cocentration
I50
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B - Wire house experiments
1 – Maize crop
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2- Post emergence application of wormwood extract at the rate of 0.75 g/pot achieved the best reduction of total
weeds without any inhibitory effect on maize plant.
Results of the 1st pot experiment of maize
1- The post emergence application of wormwood extract at the rate of 3 g/pot achieved the highest reduction in number and fresh weight of weeds (100%), however, this dose reduced caused slight phytotoxicity to maize plants.
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Table (1): Effect of aqueous acetic 5% extract of wormwood when applied either pre or post emergence on number of weed species under wire house condition (first exp. 4/3/2008).
Concentration
Number of broad leaved weeds pl./potNumber of
canary grass
(pl/pot)
Number oftotal weeds
(pl/pot) GossefootDentated
dock
Khardal
barri Other weeds
Total broad
leaf weeds
3 g/pot PRE4.32.32.01.510.09.819.8
1.5 g/pot PRE2.32.02.30.57.010.817.8
0.75 g/pot PRE2.50.03.30.36.04510.5
3 g/pot POST0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
1.5 g/pot POST0.50.00.00.00.55.56.0
0.75 g/pot POST0.02.31.50.54.33.57.8
Check (control)6.87.04.82.020.56.026.5
LSD1.42.22.11.54.06.118.3
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Table (2): Effect of aqueous acetic 5% extract of wormwood when applied either pre or post emergence on number and fresh weight of maize and weed species under wire house condition (first exp. 4/3/2008).
Concentration
Fresh weight of broad leaved weeds (g/pot)Fresh
weight of
canary grass
(g/pot)
Fresh weight of
total weeds
)g/pot(
GossefootDentated
dockKhardal
barriOther weeds
Total broad leaf
weeds
3 g/pot PRE0.40.60.20.11.3 1.1 2.4
1.5 g/pot PRE0.50.40.40.11.41.1 2.5
0.75 g/pot PRE1.30.00.80.12.20.5 2.7
3 g/pot POST0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
1.5 g/pot POST0.10.00.00.00.10.2 0.3
0.75 g/pot POST0.00.20.10.10.40.20.6
Check (control)
2.12.91.10.36.40.67.0
LSD0.60.50.60.10.9N.S1.7
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Table (3): Effect of aqueous acetic 5% extract of wormwood when applied either pre or post emergence on maize under wire house condition (first exp. 4/3/2008).
ConcentrationMaize
Number (pl/pots)
Inhibition %Wight (g/pl)Inhibition %
3 g/pot PRE5.008.70.0
1.5 g/pot PRE4.858.16.8
0.75 g/pot PRE4.5108.80.0
3 g/pot POST4.0204.844.8
1.5 g/pot POST4.857.711.5
0.75 g/pot POST5.009.70.0
Check (control)5.008.70.0
LSD0.61.4
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Artemisia plant
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pre-emergence
Artemisia plant
3 g/pot
post-emergence
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pre-emergence post-emergence
Artemisia plant
1.5 g/pot
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1- All studied concentrations of wormwood extract when applied at 3 days after sowing or at 1.5 and 0.75 g/pot when applied at 21 after sowing significantly reduced number and fresh weight
of redroot pigweed, purslane and deccan grass.
2- Redroot pigweed and purslane as broad leaved weeds were more susceptible than deccan grass for wormwood extract.
3- Number and fresh weight of maize plant was not significantly affected by all wormwood extract concentration under study.
Results of the second pot experiment of maize
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Table (4): Effect of aqueous acetic 5% extract of wormwood when applied either pre or post emergence on number under wire house condition (second exp. 15/4/2008).
Concentration
Number of redroot pigweed (pl/pot)
Number of purslane (pl/pot)
Number of total broad leaf weeds
(pl/pot)
Number of deccan grass
(pl/pot)
Number of total weeds
(pl/pot)
1.5 g/pot PRE3.00.73.71.04.7
0.75 g/pot PRE6.70.77.43.010.4
0.38 g/pot PRE7.01.78.75.314.0
1.5 g/pot POST2.74.06.76.012.7
0.75 g/pot POST7.39.717.07.724.7
0.38 g/pot POST14.79.724.416.741.1
Check (control)14.013.3 27.313.0 40.3
LSD6.43.58.45.311.2
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Table (5): Effect of aqueous acetic 5% extract of wormwood when applied either pre or post emergence on fresh weight of weed
species under wire house condition (second exp. 15/4/2008).
Concentration
Weight of redroot pigweed (g/pot)
Weight of purslane (g/pot)
Weight of total
broad leaf weeds (g/pot)
Weight of deccan grass
(g/pot)
Weight of total weeds
(g/pot)
1.5 g/pot PRE17.21.218.42.621.0
0.75 g/pot PRE37.00.837.81.239.0
0.38 g/pot PRE40.62.342.914.357.2
1.5 g/pot POST9.24.914.114.528.6
0.75 g/pot POST36.710.347.025.072.0
0.38 g/pot POST45.218.363.512.075.5
Check (control)109.425.3134.734.7169.4
LSD39.39.738.511.543.5
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Table (6): Effect of aqueous acetic 5% extract of wormwood when applied either pre or post emergence on number and fresh weight
of maize under wire house condition (second exp. 15/4/2008).
ConcentrationNumber of maize
plant / potFresh weight of maize
(g/pot)
1.5 g/pot PRE4.8168.7
0.75 g/pot PRE5.0158.3
0.38 g/pot PRE5.0159.0
1.5 g/pot POST4.6167.3
0.75 g/pot POST5.0159.0
0.38 g/pot POST5.0161.7
Check (control)5.0108.0
L.S.DN.S24.2
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post-emergence pre-emergence
0.75 g/pot
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B - Wire house experiments2 – Wheat crop
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Results of the third experiment of wheat
1- Application of wormwood extract by natural white vinegar at 3 g/pot from achieved the best reduction in number and fresh weight of canary grass when applied at 2-4 leaves.
2- Broad leaved weeds were more sensitive than grassy weeds.
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4-Wheat plants did not affected by different wormwood extracts and natural white vinegar 2.5% acetic acid (control) or water
check.
3 - Number and fresh weight of most of broad leaved weeds as well as total annual weeds were significantly reduced by
aqueous and natural white vinegar of wormwood extract at 3 g/pot when applied at 2-4 leaves .
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Table (5) Effect of aqueous of wormwood and wormwood extracts by natural white vinegar 2.5% acetic acid extracts of wormwood as
post emergence on number of weed species.
Concentration
Number of broad leaved weeds (plants/pot)Number of grassy weeds (plants/pot)Number
of total weeds SowthistleGossefoot
Khardal barri
PrimpernelTotal broad leaved
Wild oat
Canary grass
Total grassyweeds
Wormwood by natural white vinegar
(3 g/pot)1.72.00.01.04.75.30.05.310.0
Aqueous wormwood extract (3 g/pot)
0.71.00.00.01.72.36.08.310.0
Aqueous wormwood extract (3 g/pot) + 3.3
ml acetic/pots0.00.00.00.00.04.02.06.06.0
Natural white vinegar 4.02.77.711.726.05.34.09.335.3
Check (control)4.73.013.314.335.35.03.08.043.3
LSD1.8N.S.3.62.32.9N.S2.32.53.3
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Concentration
Fresh weight of broad leaved weeds (g/pots)Fresh weight of grassy
weeds (g/pot)Fresh weight of total weeds SowthistleGossefoot
Khardal barri
PrimpernelTotal broad leaved
Wild oat
Canary grass
Total grassy
Wormwood by natural white vinegar
(3 g/pot)1.23.70.01.36.250.60.050.656.8
Aqueous wormwood extract
(3 g/pot)2.45.80.00.08.228.132.961.069.2
Aqueous wormwood extract (3 g/pot) + 3.3 ml acetic/pots
4.73.87.67.123.261.88.570.393.5
natural white vinegar 2.5% acetic acid 4.73.87.67.123.261.88.570.393.5
check (control)5.16.217.415.744.460.62.763.3107.7
LSD2.66.84.73.88.4N.S8.4N.S30.9
Table (5) Effect of aqueous of wormwood and wormwood extracts by natural white vinegar 2.5% acetic acid extracts of wormwood as
post emergence on fresh weight of weed species.
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Natural white vinegarControl
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Aqueous wormwood mixed 3.3 ml natural white vinegar
Extract of wormwood in solved natural white vinegar
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