assessment of double skin façade technologies for office refurbishments in the united kingdom
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7/23/2019 Assessment of Double Skin Façade Technologies for Office Refurbishments in the United Kingdom
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Assessment of Double Skin Façade Technologies for Office
Refurbishments in the United KingdomFrancesco Pomponi1*, Kenneth Ip1, Poorang Piroozfar 1
Conclusions
Double Skin Façades - Four Key Parameters
Box Windows Façade [C1] Corridor Façade [C2] Sha-Box Façade [C3] Mul-Storey Façade [C4] Louvers Façade [C5]
UK Office Buildings
1) Configuration
2) Airflow Patterns
3) Cavity Ventilation
natural [V1] / mechanical [V2]
4) Cavity Width
narrow [D1] / wide [D2]
One hundred of possible working combinations
What is the percentage of the stock suitableto include a DSF in its refurbishment?
What are the particular DSF optionssuitable to specific building types?
START
(Buildingto berefurbished)
Alternativesolutions shouldbe
carefully evaluatedprior to
choosingthedouble-skinfaçade
LOW
HIGH
Whatis thedesired
layout?
Whatis theactual
layout?
NO YES
Cellular Spaces
FaçadeConstruction
Type[C1] or [C3][OUTPUT #1]
OpenPlanSpaces or
Mixed
Howtallis the
building?
LOW-RISE
(3 or 4-storey)
[OUTPUT #1]
MEDIUM TOHIGH-RISE
(5-storey or more)
[OUTPUT #1]
FaçadeConstruction
Type[C2], [C3], [C4] or
[C5]
FaçadeConstruction
Type[C2], [C3], or
[C5]
Whereis the
buildinglocated?
Only thenarrow
cavity [D1] is a
viableoption
NEXT TO
OTHERBUILDINGS
[OUTPUT #2]
Bothnarrow[D1]
andwide[D2] cavity
options arepossible
OPEN SITE
[OUTPUT #2]
Whatis theratio
between depth and
height for the
rooms?
LESSTHAN OR
EQUALTO2.5
GREATERTHAN 2.5
BUT LESSTHAN OR
EQUALTO5
Arethere windows
ontwo opposite
sides?
YES
MechanicalSystems for
Indoor Ventilation
ShouldBeEvaluated
NO
GREATERTHAN 5
Does thebuilding
havea central
atriumor chimney?
YES
NO
Does thebuildinglocationallow
for enoughwindpressure to
exploitnaturalventilation inthe
cavity throughoutthe year?
C av it y V en ti la ti on [V 1] C av it y V en ti la ti on [V 2]
YES
[OUTPUT #4]
NO
[OUTPUT #4]
Is theoutsideair
quality goodenough
to besupplied
indoor?
AirflowConcepts [A1],
[A2], [A3], [A4], [A5]
Is thefiltrationof
theoutdoor air
considered?
YES
[OUTPUT #3]
AirflowConcepts [A2],
[A3], [A4], [A5]
NO
[OUTPUT #3]
YES
[OUTPUT #3]
NO
Whatis the
intensity of the
refurbishment?
DSFmay not
bethebest
option
Is thelayoutof the
internalspaces to be
preserved?
Cross ventilationis
possible
Cross ventilationis
possible
Stack ventilationis
possible
END (a setof
suitableDSFis
identifiedfor the
specificoffice
building)
The Assessment Tool
Office Type Ratio
Indoor
Ventilation
Types ofDSF
Cavity Venti-lation
AirflowConcepts
CavityDepth
PossibleDSF Sys-tems
Cellular up to 4Storeys
50.60% Single-sided [C1], [C3] [V1] [A1], [A3] [D1] 4
Cellular 5 ormore Storeys
7.76% Single-sided [C1], [C3] [V1], [V2] [A1], [A3] [D1],[D2]
16
Cellular - OpenPlan (mixed)
29.10%
Single-sided/Cross-ventilation
[C1], [C2],[C3], [C4],[C5]
[V1], [V2] [A1], [A2],[A3]
[D1],[D2]
60
Open spacesartificially lit
8.21% Cross-ventilation
[C2], [C3],[C4], [C5]
[V1], [V2] [A1], [A2],[A3],
[D1],[D2]
48
Open spacessidelit up to 4Storeys
1.34%
Single-sided/Cross-ventilation
[C2], [C3],[C4], [C5]
[V1] [A1], [A2],[A3]
[D1] 12
Open spacessidelit 5 Storeysor more
2.99%
Single-sided/Cross-ventilation
[C2], [C3],[C4], [C5]
[V1], [V2] [A1], [A2],[A3]
[D1],[D2]
48
Stac Air
Bufer [A3]
Supply Air
[A1]
Exhaust Air
[A2]
External Air
Curtain [A3]
Internal Air
Curtain [A3]
The majority of existing offices in the
UK are suitable to use DSFs in theirrefurbishment.
The tool developed fills the gap of
knowledge in assessing the suitability of DSF to specific buildings.
Assessment tool provides a number of
guidance DSF options as a starting
point for further analyses.
On-going and future work
Development of generic building
models to assess the operationalperformances of DSF when appliedto existing office buildings.
To evaluate the sustainability of
DSFs in refurbishments by means of
life cycle assessment (LCA).
References[1] CARBON TRUST. Building the future, today. Transforming the economic and carbon
performance of the buildings we work in. 2009.
[2] KOROLIJA I, MARJANOVIC-HALBURD L, ZHANG Y, HANBY VI. UK office buildings
archetypal model as methodological approach in development of regression models for
predicting building energy consumption from heating and cooling demands. Energy and
Buildings. 2013;60:152-62.
[3] HAASE M, DA SILVA FM, AMATO A. Simulation of ventilated facades in hot and humid
climates. Energy and Buildings. 2009;41.
TOOL
Tool developed to
determine the possible
DSF systems for differentoffice types in the UK.
Tested with case
studies of existing DSFrefurbishments in Europe,
indicating coherent
results with what isobserved in practice.
Figure 2: Case Study #2 (Example of an
existing DSF refurbishment - Dorma HQ,
Germany)
60% will still exist in
2050
Aim
To determine the suitability of Double-Skin Façade
(DSF) technologies to the UK office stock for
refurbishment projects.
T y p e s o f C o n
s t r u c t i o n
C a v i t y D e p t h
A i r
f l o w P
a t t e r n s
C a v i t y
V e n t i l a t i o n
Figure 1: Generic section of a
double skin façade.
INPUT → Building
parameters for the
key descriptors
OUTPUT → A set of
DSF key parameters for
the specific building
1 Centre for Sustainability of the Built Environment - School of Environment and Technology - University of Brighton - Lewes Road BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
* Corresponding Author: [email protected] http://brighton.academia.edu/FrancescoPomponi
Fairly old office stock
Highest energy consumption and
highest carbon emission share in the non-
domestic sector
Four key descriptors:
1) Layout of the internal spaces
2) Height of the building
3) Indoor ventilation
4) Location of the building