assessment of green roof incen.ve policies in · 2020. 5. 4. · oslo polijcal will with the 2019...
TRANSCRIPT
Assessmentofgreenroofincen.vepoliciesinEuropeanci.esbyafractalanalysis
P.-A. Versini*, A. Gires, I. Tchiguirinskaia, D. Schertzer, HM&Co,ÉcoledesPontsParisTech,UPE,Champs-sur-Marne,France
EGU2020-13295
StudiedEuropeanci.es
Presenta.onoftheresults
Conclusion&Perspec.ves
QH
m2/year
Nodata
Berlin
Ci.es Greenroofpolicies
Amsterdam -IncenJveprogramcovering50%oftheinstallaJoncosts,withamaximumvalueofupto50€/m2(since2009)
Berlin -IncenJveprogramreducingtheprecipitaJonwaterfeeforgreenroofs(only50%oftheareaisconsidered)(since2000)-BuildingregulaJonimposingagreenareainnewbuildingscalledBiotopeAreaFactor(since2014)-IncenJveprogramcoveringupto100%oftheinstallaJoncosts,withamaximumvalueofupto60EUR/m2and60,000EUR/building(since2018)
Copenhagen Buildingregulationimposinggreenroofsforallnewbuildingswithroofslopesoflessthan30degrees(since2010)
Frankfort Incentiveprogramcovering50%of the installationcosts,withamaximumof50k€(since2018)
Geneva -PoliJcalwill:NatureintheCityPlan(2012)-IncenJveprogramthatfundsupto50%ofthetotalcostofaninfrastructurepromoJngbiodiversity,andtheirmaintenanceduring3years(since2013)
London -PoliJcalwill:EnvironmentStrategydocument(2018)- Building regulaJon with the applicaJon of a Green space factor to secure a certainamountofgreencoverineverydevelopment(since2019)
Lyon NoparJcularpolicy
Oslo PoliJcalwillwiththe2019EuropeanGreenCapitalawardandthecurrentdevelopingofagreenroofstrategywhichwillensuresmartandgeographicallydifferenJateduseofgreenroofsasatoolforsolvingurbanenvironmentalchallenges
Paris - PoliJcalwillwith the objecJve to vegetate 100 ha ofwalls and roofs before 2020 (in2014)- Building regulaJonwith the authorizaJon of building overstepping in the case of thegreening of roof terraces, then considered as a device contribuJng to energy savings(since2009)
Amstersdam
Berlin
Copenhagen
Frankfort
Geneva
London
Paris
Lyon
Oslo
Annualgreenroofimplementa0oninEuropeancountrieses0matedfromtheEuropeanFedera0onofGreenRoofsandWalls(EFB)database
Computa.onoffractaldimension
8,192m
λ =l0l
ResoluJonPixelsize
Windowsize
N (λ)∝λ−D Fractaldimension
SimilarresultswereobtainedforallstudiedciJes:- greenroofsfieldsarecharacterizedbythreedisJnctscalingregimes,whereasonly
twoscalingregimewouldbesufficienttofullycharacterizethebehaviourofundifferenJatedroofsdistribuJons
- Thelargescaleregimeforgreenroofswithhighfractaldimension(from1.84to2.0)characterizesthespacefilledbygreenroofsatverylargescales
- Thissmallscaleregimeischaracterizedbyafractaldimensiontendingto2,andsimplyreflectsthe2Dnatureofgreenroofs.
- Theintermediaryregime(between32or64mand256mor512m)characterizesnotonlysingleroofsbuttheirdistribuJoninspace.Fractaldimensioncharacterizingthisregimeishighlyvariablefromonecitytoanother,rangingfrom0.49forParisto1.35forFrankfort.
l=4096m
l=512m
l=256ml=32m
l=16m
l=1m
ExampleofParis
Undifferen0atedroofs Greenroofs
ComparisonbetweenBerlinandFrankfort:- ConverselytoBerlin,therewasnoincenJve
programunJlrecentlyinFrankfort.- Frankfort,wherelessgreenroofsare
implemented,ischaracterizedbythehighestDf- ThegreenroofsdistribuJonismore
homogeneousinFrankfort,whichwasalmostcompletelydestroyedduringtheSecondWorldWar
ThisworkwassupportedbytheAcademicChair“HydrologyforResilientCiJes”,apartnershipbetweenEcoledesPontsParisTechandtheVeoliagroup,andtheANREVNATURBprojectdealingwiththeevaluaJonofecosystemperformancesforre-naturingurbanenvironment(ANR-17-CE22-0002-01)
Contextandobjec.vesGreenroofsarecurrentlywidelyimplementedinurbanenvironments,astheyrepresentnaturalsoluJonsprovidingmulJpleecosystemservices.Forthispurpose,ciJesimplementincenJvepoliciestopromotetheimplementaJonofgreenroofs.Tobereallyefficientatlargescaleperforminacomplexurbanenvironment,awideandappropriatelyspaJallydistributeddiffusion.ToopJmizethislayout,tradiJonalassessmenttools,likedensiJes,arenotappropriate,astheydonottakeintoaccounttherelaJonshipbetweendifferentareas,i.e.acrossscales.HereweproposeamulJ-scaleanalysisbasedonfractaltheorytoprovideinformaJonforgreenroofimplementaJonandassesstherelevanceofpolicies.
ComparisonbetweenParis,Amsterdam,LondonandCopenhangencharacterizedbylowDf:- ParishashighervegetalizedroofsurfaceanddensityvaluesbutthelowestDfvalue- Twomainreasons:(i)somearchitecturalissues(Hausmanianbuildings),(ii)theabsence
ofaglobalvisionframingtheimplementaJonoftheambiJousvegetalizaJonplan- SomeiniJaJvesseemtohavebemerresults:(i)incenJveprogram(Amsterdam),(ii)
officialpromoJondocumentssince2010(Copenhangen),applicaJonofaGreenspacefactortosecuregreencover(London)
- High variability of the fractal dimension characterizing the 2nd regime due to: (i)architecturalhistoryofthecity,(ii)greeningpoliciesimplementedinmanyurbanareas
- The more ambiJous incenJve measures (where monetary subsidies are proposed)correspondtotheciJescharacterizedbythehighestfractaldimension.Asthesepoliciesare relaJvely recent, theyunderline thatanexisJng “greening culture”allow tobemerassimilatethesepolicies
- Fractal analysis can be seen as innovaJve mulJ-scale approach to asses green roofsimplementaJonandtheirrelatedecosystemservicesthroughscales
- ConJnuetocollectgreenroofsdata:yourparJcipaJoniswelcome!
Moredetailscanbefoundin:Fractalanalysisofgreenroofspa.alimplementa.oninEuropeanci.esP.-A.Versini,A.Gires,I.Tchiguirinskaia,D.Schertzer.UrbanForestryandUrbanGreening,2020,accepted,inpress