Assessment of growth, physiology and water use efficiency of wild and edible

Musa balbisiana germplasm under drought condition

EvelynF.Delfin,EurekaTeresaM.Ocampo,FeM.delaCueva,OliviaP.Damasco,LornaE.Herradura,EricG.Dinglasan,LaverneeS.

Gueco,FelipeS.delaCruzandAgustinB.Molina

Very important crop commodity worldwideTropical and subtropical countries

Philippines - ranks number 4

Total production of 9,101,300 metric tons in 2010 (BAS, 2011)

Ranks second to palay with value of production amounting to PhP 106,485,700 (BAS, 2011)

Very important crop commodity worldwideTropical and subtropical countries

Philippines - ranks number 4

Total production of 9,101,300 metric tons in 2010 (BAS, 2011)

Ranks second to palay with value of production amounting to PhP 106,485,700 (BAS, 2011)

Predicted to cause shifts in areas suitable for cultivation of a wide range of crops;

In banana 4.25% reduction in crop production area is predicted (Singh, 2011)

Climate change - Impact on banana production

Traditional banana areas predicted to experience longer droughts

an annual rainfall of <1100 mm could result to 8-28% reduction in bunch weight (van Asten et al., 2011).

Climate change – Impact on banana production

The challenge of climate change on banana production

The challenge of climate change on banana production

Selection and development of drought-tolerant crop varieties

Finding gene sources and developing varieties for drought tolerance

The challenge of climate change on banana production

The challenge of climate change on banana production

Musa balbisiana (B) genome Drought tolerant

Traits conferring drought toleranceNot enough data for breeding

South East Asia/Papua New Guinea and Philippine collection

Wild and edible M. balbisiana genotypes/ accessions; interspecific hybridsNo assessment for drought tolerance

The challenge of climate change on banana production: Research Gaps

To determine the growth and physiological traits of 35 wild and edible Musa balbisianagenotypes and interspecific hybrids in response to drought under greenhouse condition

Objective

Methodology

Genotype Genome Genotype Genome

98 363 BBw Latundan AAB

98 364 BBw Maduranga ABB

98 580 BBw Matavia ABB

98 617 BBw Mundo BBB

98 631 BBw Paa Dalaga BBB

99 058 BBw Pelipia ABB

99 088 BBw Saba Hapon BBB

Abuhon BB Saba Puti BBB

Cardaba* BBB Tindok ABB

Dippig BBB Tiparot ABBB

Gubao BBB Grand Naine** Reference variety

Genotype Genome Genotype GenomeHumwey AAB PK Malacacina AABK Khai Boran AAB P Keling AABK Namwa ABB P Lingi AABK Namwa Luang ABB P Rajah

Talong AAB

K Tebb AAB P Rasa ABBKabai AAB P Seribu AABKunambo AAB Pokpok AABWild (BBw) - 7 Diploid (BB) 1 Triploid (BBB) 7 ABBB 1

Hybrids AAB - 12 ABB - 7

SouthEast Asia/Papua New Guinea Collection

Three Batches

o RCBD in split plot Main plot – drought, control (well watered)Subplot – M. balbisiana accessionso Age of plant at drought imposition – 3 months

o RCBD in split plot Main plot – drought, control (well watered)Subplot – M. balbisiana accessionso Age of plant at drought imposition – 3 months

Hardened seedlings were transplanted to pails, and grown for another month under well-irrigated conditions.

Drought was imposed by stopping irrigation during the fourth week.

Hardened seedlings were transplanted to pails, and grown for another month under well-irrigated conditions.

Drought was imposed by stopping irrigation during the fourth week.

Water use efficiency – mg dm/kg water used•• All pots were irrigated to field All pots were irrigated to field

capacity (FC)capacity (FC)•• CONTROLCONTROL•• Pots were weighed at FCPots were weighed at FC•• Before rewatering, pots were Before rewatering, pots were

weigh again, and decrease in weigh again, and decrease in weight was made up for with weight was made up for with waterwater

•• DROUGHTDROUGHToo Pots were weighed every 3 Pots were weighed every 3

daysdaysoo At harvest, the dry weights of At harvest, the dry weights of

plants were determinedplants were determined

Soil Moisture Content monitoring

Relative Leaf Fold measurement –

Water Use determination

Stomatal conductanceevery 3 days

Relative Leaf Fold Measurement taken – 3 days

Relative Leaf Fold Measurement taken – 3 days

Root volume

RESULTS

10 days after drought imposition

14 days after drought imposition

Drought Control

Total Dry matter Yield

significant differences in the total dry matter yields of the cultivars

adverse effect of drought on total dry matter yield was observedacross cultivars for the three set

Root volume

Significant varietal differences -in the first screening

Adverse effect of drought 47 to 65% and 51 to 84% reductions in the second set.

Frequency Distribution : Reduction in Root volume

Root dry weightRoot dry weight

Adverse effect of drought in the three screenings conducted 37- 71%

Significant genotype differences

Reduction in Root Shoot Ratio, %

Root Shoot Ratio

Genotypes with higher biomass allocated to the roots under drought while the rest of the entries showed reductions in RS ratio

Water Use Efficiency

increased WUE under drought condition 2 to 66%Genotypic variation in terms of WUE was observed in batches 1 and 2

Stomatal Conductance vs Soil Moisture

Significant interaction between the genotype and the time of samplingGenotypes showed an increase in stomatal conductance on the fourth day after irrigation was withheld

RLF values were observed to increase with the depletion of soil moisture contentSignificant differences among varieties observed starting at 6 days after the last watering until the termination of the experimenfor batch 1

For batch 2 at 15th day up to 21st after last watering probably due to slower soil drying

Relative Leaf Fold

Correlation analysis results showed that water use efficiency was positively correlated with total plant dry weight, root volume, root weight and relative leaf folding.

Relative leaf folding was positively correlated with root weight, total plant weight and water use efficiency.

Different stomatal conductance, dry matter accumulation, root characteristics and WUE among genotypes

Stomatal closure is an early response

Different stomatal conductance, dry matter accumulation, root characteristics and WUE among genotypes

Stomatal closure is an early response

Findings:

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUSTUniversity of the Philippines Los BañosUPLB – FI BIOVERSITY INTERNATIONAL

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUSTUniversity of the Philippines Los BañosUPLB – FI BIOVERSITY INTERNATIONAL

Thankyou!!