assessment of mental retardation and giftedness by: jennifer goshert and courtney boyle
TRANSCRIPT
ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL RETARDATION AND GIFTEDNESSBy: Jennifer Goshert and Courtney Boyle
Mental Retardation
Giftedness
Mental Retardation
Definition according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities “Intellectual disability is a disability
characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18”.
Characteristics of MR
IQ of 70 or below A deficiency in 2 or more of the following adaptive skill
areas: Communication Self-care Home living Social skills Community use Self-direction Health and safety Functional academics Leisure Work
Characteristics of MR
Levels: Mild Moderate Severe Profound
Cognitive deficits tend to affect memory, attention, and language
Individuals with severe MR tend to have brain damage which can cause physical disorders such as cerebral palsy and seizure disorders like epilepsy
Activity
Categorize in intensity the following scenarios.
Syndromes associated with Mental Retardation
Down Syndrome http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_-P4t2jR
1g Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fragile X Syndrome Mucopolysoccharidoses (MPS) Noonan Syndrome
Assessment of MR
Comprehensive patient and family history Maternal health status during pregnancy Baseline history of patient
Physical Examination Focusing on:
Dysmorphic features Minor abnormalities
Developmental screenings The Revised Denver Prescreening Development Questionnaire Denver Developmental Screening Test Kansas Infant Development Screen
Adaptive Behavior Tests IQ Tests
Adaptive Behavior Tests
Scales of Independent Behavior (SIB-R) Can be given to 3 months-80 years Multiple forms for children and visually
impaired Produces a service score
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Can be given up to 18 years Focuses on personal and social skills
Adaptive Behavior Tests
AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale 2nd edition (AAMR ABS) Two forms: school and residential/community settings Unidimensional scales
Inventory for Client and Agency Planning (ICAP) In addition to measuring adaptive behaviors this test
also compiles a comprehensive set of information including demographic characteristics, diagnoses, support services needed and received, and social/leisure activities
Produces a service score Is similar to SIB-R but shorter
Stanford-Binet
Given to individuals between 2 and 23 years of age
Tests intelligence across four areas: verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, and short-term memory.
15 subtests- age depends number given and the level in which one starts
Takes around 45 to 90 minutes
Wechsler Intelligence Scales
Three different scales used: Adult, Children (WISC), Preschool
WISC is given to children 6 to 16 years of age
Divided into 2 main sections- Verbal and Nonverbal
Takes around 60 to 90 minutes
IQ Test Scores for MR
Mild IQ: 70-55/50
Moderate IQ: 55/50-40/35
Severe IQ: 40/35-25/20
Profound IQ: below 25/20
Activity
Create something that represents what giftedness means to you.
Giftedness
Definition according to the National Association of Gifted Children “Gifted individuals are those who
demonstrate outstanding levels of aptitude or competence in one or more domains. Domains include any structured area of activity with its own symbol system and/or set of sensorimotor skills.”
Informal vs. Formal
Developmental Checklists (Compares children to peers)
Characteristics of Gifted Children Checklists
Example: http://www.austega.com/gifted/characteristics.htm
Assessed through IQ tests- tests only academic giftedness
IQ - Ratio between the mental age and the actual age
To calculate - Divide mental Age by actual age then multiply by 100
Also used to assess for cognitive delays - MR
Informal Formal
Scoring for Stanford-Binet & Wechsler Intelligence Scales
Both are norm referenced tests
100 average on both, 130 well-above
Scoring done in each individual section, then as a whole
Giftedness is Controversial
What the true definition of giftedness? Are there levels of giftedness? Does giftedness guarantee success? Which form of assessment for giftedness
is most reliable in predicting future success?
Is everyone gifted?
Torrance Test of Creative Thinking Tests CQ (Creative Quotient) 2 tests within TTCT-V (Verbal) & TTCT-F
(Figural) Verbal tests- 1st grade- adult, 40
minutes Figural tests- K- adult, 30 minutes
Torrance Test of Creative Thinking
6 word based activities Assesses mental
fluency, flexibility, and originality
Format- participants are asked questions, to improve products, and just suppose
Norm-referenced
3 activities at 10 minutes each
Includes picture construction, and completion
Tests mental fluency, originality, elaboration, abstractness of titles, resistance to premature closure (norm referenced)
13 criterion referenced areas assessed as well
TTCT-V (Verbal) TTCT- F (Figural)
Scoring and Administration of TTCT Training sessions at the Torrance Center
in Georgia Not best artist on Figural but one with
best ideas Higher scores on Figural- conveyed a
story, showed emotion, showed a different angle, showed sense of motion, displayed humor, and/or detail
Example of scoring- http://www.newsweek.com/photo/2010/07/10/creativity-test.html
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Everyone has strengths that IQ test may not measure Defined intelligence as “the capacity to solve problems or to
fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural settings” His theory of multiple intelligences lists nine different intelligences:
Logical-mathematical Linguistic Bodily-kinesthetic Musical Spatial Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist Existential
Explains giftedness in one particular area and not others
Sources
American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. (n.d.). Definition of Intellectual Disability. Retrieved March 15, 2011, from AAIDD: http://www.aaidd.org/content_100.cfm?navID=21
College of Education at the University of Georgia. The Torrance Center Training Opportunities. Retrieved March 21, 2011 from COE of the University of Georgia: http://www.coe.uga.edu/torrance/training-opportunities/
Council for Exceptional Children. (n.d.). Mental Retardation. Retrieved March 14, 2011, from CEC: http://www.cec.sped.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Mental_Retardation&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=37&ContentID=5630
Daily, D. K., Ardinger, H. H., & Holmes, G. E. (2000, February 15). Identification and Evaluation of Mental Retardation. American Family Physician .
Hill, B. (2001, January 11). Adaptive Behavior. Retrieved March 15, 2011, from Assessment Psychology Online: http://www.assessmentpsychology.com/adaptivebehavior.htm
Sources
Intelligence tests. (2007). In World of Health. Gale. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.butler.edu4024/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&prodId=SUIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2191500686&userGroupName=butleru&jsid=b815fdfeaf97abda5b425853e993333b.
Mensa International. (2011). About Mensa International. Retrieved from http://www.mensa.org/about-us
Mental Retardation. (2002). In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/esthumanbrain/mental_retardation
National Association for Gifted Children. (2008). Informal Assessment and Checklists. Retrieved from http://www.nagc.org/index.aspx?id=958
National Association for Gifted Children. (2008). IQ Tests and Your Child. Retrieved from http://www.nagc.org/index.aspx?id=960
Sources
National Association for Gifted Children. (2008). What is Giftedness?. Retrieved from http://www.nagc.org/index.aspx?id=574
Newsweek. How Creative are You?. Retrieved March 21, 2011, from Newsweek: http://www.newsweek.com/photo/2010/07/10/creativity-test.html
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. (2007). In Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of the Handicapped and Other Exceptional Children and Adults. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/wileyse/torrance_tests_of_creative_thinking
Sadker, D. M., Sadker, M. P., & Zittleman, K. R. (2008). Multiple Intelligences. In Teachers, Schools, and Society (pp. 44-46). New York: McGraw-Hill.