assessment of range lands degradation in the timahdit area
TRANSCRIPT
ASSESSMENT OF RANGE LANDS DEGRADATION IN THE
TIMAHDIT AREA
Morocco: 53 millions ha
Range lands
Range lands in Morocco
30% of the requierements of livestock
Middle Atlas : 1,2 millions d’ha
22% National livestock
74% national territory
3,5 billoins of UF
2.26% of national rangelands
58% of the requierements
Location of the study area
• The Ait arfa du Guigou territory which account for the rural community of Timahdit which is located 33 km south of the city of Azrou on the National Road 13 going from Meknès to Midelt.
Timahdit
Study site : The Ait Arfa du Guigou Tribe
5
Climate
City of Azrou
City of Ifrane
Humidity
Climate
Evapotranspiration •Evapotranspiration averaged (in Azrou for the period 2006-2011) = 3.08 mm/day. •Evapotranspiration varies from 1.6 mm/day in December-January to 5.8 mm/day in June.
Geomorphology
Soils
Two major types:•Those that are derived from basaltic prent materiel: Brown soils found in depressions, vertisols, lithosols and andosols.•Those that are derived from limestone and dolomitic parent material: Red soils, renzines.•Most soils are shalow and extremely stony.
Elevation
Vegetation
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Livestock
Population (census 2004)
Evolution of the population
Population Structure
Illiteracy rate and langages spoken and written
Population activity
Employment status of employed and unemployed who have worked
Population aged 10 and over by educational attainment
Housing type
Housing tenure
Age of dwellings
Basic equipment housing
Other equipments
IAV HASSAN II - Septembre 2011
Storyline of the study area
Contribution à l’étude de la dégradation des parcours au Moyen Atlas : Cas de la fraction des Aït Ben Yacoub de la tribu des Aït Arfa du Guigou
PeriodPrinciples eventsPrinciples events Responses to eventsResponses to events
19th centryArrival of the Béni M’Guild tribe
Occupation of space
Délimitation of forests 1917
Délimitation of collective lands 1919
Restriction of space for grazing
French colonisation of lands 1935 Reduction of space for grazing
Cropping of low lands
Installation of King Ranch 10 000 hecatres
1966 Reduction of grazing lands
Double transhum
ance
IAV HASSAN II - Septembre 2011
Story line of the study area
Contribution à l’étude de la dégradation des parcours au Moyen Atlas : Cas de la fraction des Aït Ben Yacoub de la tribu des Aït Arfa du Guigou
PeriodMain eventsMain events ResponsesResponses
1980’sProject of Middle Atlas funded by the world bank
Delimitation of collective grazing lands for the
different sub-fractions
1990’s
Sedentarisation of producers and settlements on high land pastures
Expanses of cropping lands and reduction of grazing areas
More pronounced reduction in grazing lands
2009Plan Maroc Vert Intensification of the agriculture
Break down in the double transhum
ance
IAV HASSAN II - Septembre 2011
Main national development policies of grazing land
Contribution à l’étude de la dégradation des parcours au Moyen Atlas : Cas de la fraction des Aït Ben Yacoub de la tribu des Aït Arfa du Guigou
PeriodPeriod PoliciesPolicies
25 july1969Code des Investissements Agricoles (Agricultural
Investment Code)Installation of 18Perimeter for
Pastoral Improvments
27 October 1995
2009 Plan Maroc Vert
Law Number 33 – 94 for the Development of the Perimeter in run fed areas that include
grazing ares
IAV HASSAN II - Septembre 2011
Main regional development policies of grazing land
Contribution à l’étude de la dégradation des parcours au Moyen Atlas : Cas de la fraction des Aït Ben Yacoub de la tribu des Aït Arfa du Guigou
PeriodPeriod PoliciesPolicies
1950 to 1970Preventive Health campaign
with socio economical incidence
1970s’Perimeters for pastoral
improvement (Timahdit)
1980’s & 1990’s
2000’s Intensification of Agriculture
Intergrated Development Projects (Middle Atlas Project
funded by World Bank)
IAV HASSAN II - Septembre 2011
Range lands use
Contribution à l’étude de la dégradation des parcours au Moyen Atlas : Cas de la fraction des Aït Ben Yacoub de la tribu des Aït Arfa du Guigou
Range lands useRange lands use
Nouabs: delimita
tion
Survey of users: 514
users
Tribal origin
Settlement (GPS)
Date of settlement
Home rangeSize of flock
IAV HASSAN II - Septembre 2011
Range lands use
Contribution à l’étude de la dégradation des parcours au Moyen Atlas : Cas de la fraction des Aït Ben Yacoub de la tribu des Aït Arfa du Guigou
Range lands useRange lands use
Nouabs: delimita
tion
Survey of users: 514
users
AgricultureMobility of
flocks Suplementation
Flock manageme
ntWatering animals
Main LEDD ProblemsMain LEDD Problems
First main findings
During the last 50 years there has been a graet amount of changes :•In land occupation: More land devoted to agriculture, intensification of agriculture, degradation of range lands by overgrazing;•Change in the managements of sheep flocks;•Change in the instutions that regulate and control the use of resources.
1998
37
AgricultureAgricultureAstagalusAstagalusPelousePelouseMatorral à GenistaMatorral à GenistaPelouse humidePelouse humideXerophyt matoralXerophyt matoral
2007 1998
38
AgricultureAgricultureAstragalusAstragalusXérophytes épineusesXérophytes épineusesThymus Matorral Thymus Matorral
Farmers cleaning from the stones
Proportion of goats owned privately and in association by contracts
Type of contracts used between sheep producers in the fraction of Ait Beni Hcine