assessment of social accountability and local legislative approach in ship breaking industry of...

ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL LEGISLATIVE APPROACH IN SHIP BREAKING INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH

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INTRODUCTION

Ship breaking activities had continued since 1960s without caring of both national and international rules and regulations.

Though ship breaking has earned a good reputation for time being a profitable industry in Bangladesh, there are a number of human rights violation and environmental and human health hazards.

Internationally SA8000 and Nationally Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006 are violated due to lack of Government authorities inspection.

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Objectives of the Study

To show the workers present status of ship

breaking industry.

To find out the compliance of SA8000 standards

with different practices of ship breaking

industries.

To assess workers rights with the Bangladesh

labour law, 2006.

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SA8000 &Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006

SA8000: SA8000 is an international standard for improving working conditions around the world based on the thirteen requirements of ILO.

Requirements of SA8000 :

1. Child labour 5. Discrimination

2. Forced labour 6. Disciplinary Practices

3. Health and Safety 7. Working Hours

4. Freedom of association & right to collective bargaining

8. Compensation

Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006: Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006 is composed of Factory law, 1965, Road transport workers ordinance, 1962, Appointment law,1952, Appointment ordinance,1957, Newspaper employee law, 1974 and Tea garden workers ordinance,1962 etc.

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Study Area

Sou

rce:

Ban

gla

ped

ia,

2010

Study Area

Map of Sitakunda

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Materials and Methods

Research Type Methods Techniques

Audit based qualitative research

Non participant direct observation.

Participant direct observation.

Personal interview.

Observational behavioral scale

Semi-structured interview

Open and closed question

Identification of social background of respondent.

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Materials and MethodsPrimary data collection - Questionnaire Survey

Sample size determination z2 pq n₀ = --------- (Berenson and Levine, 1992) d2

Where, p = Target proportion. In this case,

I assumed the target proportion, p = 0.20d = Desired error, here it is taken = 10% = 0.1p + q = 1, therefore, q = 0.80 and

z = Normal variant and which has 1.96 for 95% confidence interval

The sample size, n = 61

Secondary data collection - Upazilla Office of Shitakunda - Various newspapers’ reports - Ship breaking related publication - Data from various NGO’s

These sample size is adjusted by using the following formula — n₀n = ------------ n₀ 1+ ---- N

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Results and Discussion

Bo-gra

38%

Jamalpur10%Nougoan

15%

Patu-akhali

5%

Chit-tagong

2%

Shira-jgong

8%

Rangpur10%

Dinajpur5% Noakhali

8%

District wise status of the respondents

No Education

Primary

Secondary

Higher Secondary

Graduate & above

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

60

27.5

7.5

5

0

Educational Qualification

percentage of the respondents

Qua

lifi

cati

on

62%

38%

Family Status

Single Joint15%

85%

Residence facility

Resedence from companySharing with workers

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0S

ou

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2

01

0

Sou

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01

0S

ou

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2

01

0

Fig 01: Migrant population from different district

Fig 02: Workers educational qualification

Fig 03: Family status of the worker Fig 04: Residence facility of the worker

Present workers status

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Fig 05: Job variation in ship breaking sector

Fig 06: Job Security of the Respondents

Hamer Group

Cutter Group & assistant

Crane Operator

Welding Mistry & assistant

Loader

Foreman

Wire Group & assistant

7.50%

22.50%

2.50%

15.00%

35.00%

7.50%

10.00%

Kind of job

Percentage of worker

Job v

aria

tion

12%

88%

Job security of the re-spondents

Secured

Unsecured

Source: Field Survey, 2010


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Fig 07: Age limitation of the workers

Child Labour

More than 25%

workers are children

Forced Labour

Here forced labour defines as Forcing for overtime

Fig 08: Percentage of workers overtime opinion

<15 15-18

19-22

23-26

27-30

31-34

35-38

>380

5

10

15

20

25

30

12.5%15%

25%

12.5%

7.5%10%

17%

0.5%

Age limitation of the respondents

Age limit

Perc

enta

ge

Yes15%

No85%

Forcing for overtime

YesNo

Sou

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Fie

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2

01

0

Sou

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Fie

ld S

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2

01

0

Status of SA8000 compliance

Status : Fully violated

Status : Slightly violated

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One two three Four0

20

40

60

80

Tube well per industry

Number of tube wells

perc

enta

ge

No2%

One5%

Two55%

Three38%

Sanitary Latrine per Industry

Open 30% Open

45%

Health and SafetyDrinking water facility:

Most of the industry have only two tube wells

Sanitary facility:

Most of the industries occupy two or three latrines 30 to 45% latrines are open

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01

0

Sou

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2

01

0

Fig 09:Drinking water facility

Fig 10: Sanitary latrine facility

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Opportunity of accident protest equipment

58% workers are deceived from gloves,masks,boots and eye protection equipments

The advantageous groups are mainly gas cutter and welding mistry

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01

0

Sou

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Fig 11: Percentage of using gloves, masks and boots

42%

58%

Gloves,Mask,Boots

Yes No

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

35.30%23.50%

6.70%

16%18.50%

Percentage of advantageous group

Gas Cutter

Welding Mistry

Wire group

Foreman

Mechanical Engineer

Different labour group

Perc

enta

ge

Fig 12: Percentage of advantageous group

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Fallen Iron Plate

Iron Wire

Accident

Blasting of Closed Chamber

Electric Shock

Slip on oily

Space

32.50%

12.50%

27.50%

7.50%

20.00%

Very frequent accident

Catagory of accident

Perc

enta

ge

20%

80%

Accident face

Yes No

No

Yes

Sl.No. Group Opinion01 Loader group Fallen iron plate, Slip on oily space02 Cutter group Blasting of closed chamber, Electric Shock03 Puller group Iron wire accident04 Welding mistry Blasting of closed chamber, Electric Shock05 Hammer group Fallen iron plate, Slip on oily space

Fig 13: Percentage of accident face

Fig 14: Frequent accident of workersTable 01: Opinion of different group

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2

01

0

Sou

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01

0


Accident face

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Injury on shoulder due to lifting overweight iron plate

Sou

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Fie

ld S

urv

ey,

2

01

0


Sou

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Fie

ld S

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2

01

0

Accident experienced respondent’s Picture

Status:Fully violated

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(14-

15)tk

/hr

(16-

17)tk

/hr

(18-

20)tk

/hr

(21-

22)tk

/hr

(23-

25)tk

/hr

>25tk

/hr

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00% 53%

5%

20%

3%5%

15%

Salary structure of the worker

Compensation facility

The lowest salary structure is given to mainly loader group

The highest salary structure is given to mainly gas cutter group

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Fie

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2

01

0

Fig 15: Daily basis salary structure

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Sl.No.

Injury Type Medical Facility percentage

Economical help(perce

ntage)01 Light injury Fast aids and

common medicine90% 0%

02 Major injury Admit to clinic 32% 30%Bear to clinical

charge5%

03 In case of fatal

Sent back to village 95% 35%Steps to bury the

dead body5%

04 Physical disability

Sent back to village 100% 20%

Bear to clinical

charge

0%

Results and DiscussionTable 02: Compensation facilities of the

workers

Source: Field Survey, 2010Status: Fully violated

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0%

10%

20%

30%35%

15%23%

13% 15%

Opinion Criteria

Perc

en

tage

Freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining

Sou

rce:

Fie

ld S

urv

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2

01

0

Fig 16: Barrier of establishment of trade union

Status: Fully violated

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Discrimination:

Discrimination is not occurred in case of gender orientation

Salary discrimination due to location of the industry

Disciplinary practices:

The assistant of different working group are the victim of skilled labour



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8 hr/day 8-10 hr/day

10-12 hr/day

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

8%

30%

63%

Workig hour/day

Working hour per day

Perc

en

tage o

f re

spon

den

ts

Sou

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Fie

ld S

urv

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2

01

0

Fig 17: Daily base working hour of the respondents

Working hour

62.50% workers daily do their job 10 to 12 hour

Status: Fully violated

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Sl. No.

Violated Sections of Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006

Present status of Ship Breaking Industry

01. Sec -5: Appointment letter and Identity Card.

Don’t maintain any appointment letter and identity card with photo.

02. Sec -34 : Prohibition of employment of children and young persons.- subsec (1)

12.5% workers are less than 15 years

03. Sec – 41:Working hours for young persons. – subsec (1)

Including 12.5% & 15% workers are habituated with 8-10 hours work.

04. Sec -58: Drinking Water.- subsec (1)

Available drinking water is rare

05. Sec -75: Protection of Eyes. 33% cutter men and welding mistry don’t use any eye protector.

Table 03: Violation of Bangladesh Labour Law, (2006)

Sou

rce:

Fie

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2

01

0

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Sl. No.

Violated Sections of Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006

Present status of Ship Breaking Industry

06. Sec -102 : Weekly work hours. Subsec(1)

Workers are used to do work above 60 hour per week

07. Sec -117 : Annual leave with holydays. Subsec (1)

Don’t get any holydays.

08. Sec-151: Amount of compensation.Subsec (1)

32% workers get clinical facility

09. Sec-155: Distribution of compensation.Subsec(1)

The authority pay a very little amount instead of full payment.


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Conclusion

Almost all requirements of SA8000 and significant sections of Bangladesh Labour Law, (2006) are violated in ship breaking industry.

If the GO, NGOs and the EIA companies are not interested to take initiatives for serving the health of worker and also the environment, the whole environment of that area would be collapsed that will bring to us immeasurable problem and also reduce our social and economic quality of life.

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THANKS

TO

ALL

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Photo albums

Conversation with worker

Conversation with workerInjury on shoulder due to lifting overweight iron plate

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