association of sa quantity surveyorsan annual survey of salaried staff is conducted amongst quantity...

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ASSOCIATION OF SA QUANTITY SURVEYORS

SALARY SURVEY

March 2012

Published

September 2012

Published by Industry Insight CC

T 021 554 0886 F 021 554 0887

www.industryinsight.co.za

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Table of Contents General background ....................................................................................................................... 3 Salary Survey March 2012 .............................................................................................................. 4 Provincial comparison by qualification ............................................................................................. 9

University ................................................................................................................................... 9 Technikon ................................................................................................................................. 10 No formal education .................................................................................................................. 12

Graphs ......................................................................................................................................... 25 Table 1: No of firms and qualification summary by province: March 2012 .......................................... 4 Table 2: Salaried personnel profile March 2012 (Excluding Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana) ................. 5 Table 3: University: Lowest R, Current prices ................................................................................... 9 Table 4: University: Highest R, Current prices .................................................................................. 9 Table 5: University: Median R, Current prices ................................................................................. 10 Table 6: Technikon: Lowest R, Current prices ................................................................................. 10 Table 7: Technikon: Highest R, Current prices ................................................................................ 11 Table 8: Technikon: Median R, Current prices ................................................................................. 11 Table 9: No formal education: Lowest R, Current prices .................................................................. 12 Table 10: No formal education: Highest R, Current prices ................................................................ 12 Table 11: No formal education: Median R, Current prices ................................................................ 13 Table 12:Remuneration summary: March 2012: National (excluding Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana) .. 14 Table 13: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Eastern Cape ....................................................... 15 Table 14: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Free State ........................................................... 16 Table 15: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Gauteng North .................................................... 17 Table 16: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Gauteng South .................................................... 18 Table 17: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – KwaZulu Natal ..................................................... 19 Table 18: Remuneration summary: March 2012 - Limpopo .............................................................. 20 Table 19: Remuneration summary: March 2012 - Mpumalanga ........................................................ 21 Table 20: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Northern Cape ..................................................... 22 Table 21: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – North West ......................................................... 23 Table 22: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Western Cape...................................................... 24 Figure 1: ASAQS Average salary:<10 years vs >10 years experience: University (RSA only) ............... 6 Figure 2: ASAQS Average salary:<10 years vs >10 years experience: Technikon (RSA only) .............. 6 Figure 3: ASAQS Salary - >10 years experience: University vs Technikon (RSA only) ......................... 7 Figure 4: ASAQS Salary - <10 years experience: University vs Technikon (RSA only) ......................... 7 Figure 5: ASAQS Salary Index: University, by experience level (RSA only) ......................................... 8 Figure 6: ASAQS Salary Index: Technikon, by experience level (RSA only) ......................................... 8 Figure 7: Min / Max rates: University by experience, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana) .... 25 Figure 8: Min / Max rates: Technikon by experience, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana) ... 26 Figure 9: Min / Max rates: No formal education by experience, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia &

Botswana) ............................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 10: Average annual remuneration, by qualification and experience, National (excl Lesotho,

Namibia & Botswana) ............................................................................................................. 28 Figure 11: Average annual remuneration, University, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana) ... 29 Figure 12: Average annual remuneration: Technicon, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana) .. 30 Figure 13: Average annual remuneration: No formal education, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia &

Botswana) ............................................................................................................................. 31

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General background An annual survey of salaried staff is conducted amongst quantity surveying practices in order for the South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession to determine the recommended hourly rate for principals, partners, members of closed corporations and directors of companies The survey excludes information pertaining to the remuneration packages of the aforementioned principals, partners, members and directors Feedback will be provided to participating quantity surveying practices and others in a format that will ensure confidentiality of the individual returns Gross annual remuneration includes:

• Basic salary and guaranteed annual bonus • Fringe benefits not included in basic salary • Income benefit for the private use of a motor vehicle as determined from time to time by the

South African Revenue Services for income tax purposes • Employer’s contribution to pension/provident fund • Employer’s contribution to medical aid • Group life assurance premium • Workmen’s compensation fund and Unemployment Insurance Fund contributions, Metropolitan

Council levies and any other statutory contributions or levies • All other costs and benefits as per conditions of appointment but excluding any share in profit

University qualification means personnel with a university (or similar) qualification in quantity

surveying

University of technology qualification

means personnel with a University of Technology (formerly Technikon) (or similar) qualification in quantity surveying or building surveying

No formal qualification Means personnel with no formal qualification, but who perform quantity surveying services

Experience is taken from the following dates irrespective of when the individual passed the APC evaluation: • Three year fulltime university qualification (ie only BSc degree) - From one year after qualification • Four year fulltime university qualification (ie BSc Hons degree) - From date of qualification • Five year university qualification of which two years are part time (ie BSc Hons degree) - From one

year before qualification • Three year fulltime university of technology qualification (ie National Diploma) - From one year

after qualification • Four year fulltime university of technology qualification (ie BTech degree) - From date of

qualification • Five year university of technology qualification of which two years are part time (ie BTech degree)

- From one year before qualification

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Median If a list contains an odd number of values, median returns the middle value. If a list contains an even number of values, median returns the arithmetic average of the two middle values

Pure median Returns the median value in the list, ignore blank cells, labels and formulas that result in labels

Standard deviation Standard deviation is the square root of the variance of all individual values from the mean. Deviation from the mean (that is the middle) Please note that a standard deviation cannot be calculated on less than 2 fields

Salary Survey March 2012 The salary survey was conducted during July 2012. Results were extracted from approximately 148 participating firms covering the salaries of 484 staff members, compared to 111 companies and 374 employees in the March 2011 survey. The bulk of surveys were received from firms in Gauteng, followed by Western Cape and KwaZulu Natal. Table 1: No of firms and qualification summary by province: March 2012

Province / Area Number of firms

Salaried Staff: Salaried Staff: Salaried Staff:

Total University Technikon No formal

Eastern Cape 13 20 11 2 33

Free State 7 10 4 4 18

Gauteng - North 23 42 17 5 63

Gauteng - South 28 85 30 1 116

KZN 25 61 30 6 97

Limpopo 5 3 4 1 8

Mpumalanga 7 15 5 5 25

Northern Cape 4 4 2 0 6

North-West 3 4 2 0 6

Western cape 28 48 38 13 99

TOTAL RSA 143 292 143 37 472

Botswana 2 5 0 0 5

Lesotho 1 1 4 1 6

Namibia 2 0 2 0 2

TOTAL EX-RSA 5 6 6 1 13

TOTAL 148 298 149 38 484

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Table 2: Salaried personnel profile March 2012 (Excluding Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

Qualification

Experience

0 - 2 years 3 - 5 years 6 - 10 years 11 - 20 years 21 - 30 years 31+ years Total

University 15.1% 19.3% 12.3% 8.3% 3.2% 3.6% 61.8%

Technikon 7.6% 7.0% 10.0% 3.8% 1.1% 0.4% 29.9%

None 3.0% 1.5% 2.1% 0.4% 0.0% 1.3% 8.3%

Total 25.7% 27.8% 24.4% 12.5% 4.2% 5.3% 100.0%

More than half of the salaried personnel surveyed amongst participating firms had less than 5 years’ experience, while 61,8% had a university qualification.

Although we advise that provincial summaries of salary and wages should not be made available, we have nonetheless included a provincial summary by type of qualification, but for information purposes only. It is not advised to use this information for any other purpose other than background information. Table’s three to eight clearly show the gaps in the data, by either qualification or experience.

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Figure 1: ASAQS Average salary:<10 years vs >10 years experience: University (RSA only)

Figure 2: ASAQS Average salary:<10 years vs >10 years experience: Technikon (RSA only)

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Figure 3: ASAQS Salary - >10 years experience: University vs Technikon (RSA only)

Figure 4: ASAQS Salary - <10 years experience: University vs Technikon (RSA only)

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Figure 5: ASAQS Salary Index: University, by experience level (RSA only)

Figure 6: ASAQS Salary Index: Technikon, by experience level (RSA only)

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Provincial comparison by qualification University Table 3: University: Lowest R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+

Eastern Cape 61,750 200,000 300,000 553,800 455,000

Free State 154,000 271,000 331,500

Gauteng North 168,000 210,000 330,938 455,000 480,000

Gauteng South 65,000 200,000 325,000 455,000 540,000 300,000

KZN 150,000 175,500 176,800 575,520 582,045 375,000

Limpopo 132,000

Mpumalanga 144,000 312,000 263,900 441,120 444,000 1,455,972

Northern Cape 188,500 360,000 780,000

North-West 48,000 180,000 720,000

Western Cape 113,100 120,000 273,768 387,000 411,715 600,000

Botswana 216,000 324,000 348,000 360,000 720,000

Lesotho 715,000

Namibia

Table 4: University: Highest R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+

Eastern Cape 298,992 270,000 500,000 600,000 455,000

Free State 325,000 582,000 331,500

Gauteng North 264,000 445,600 864,600 570,000 990,000

Gauteng South 260,189 600,000 931,015 910,855 865,069 952,983

KZN 321,000 432,000 710,000 900,000 766,060 400,000

Limpopo 365,445

Mpumalanga 415,992 727,986 848,623 935,982 1,143,978 1,455,972

Northern Cape 260,000 360,000 780,000

North-West 180,000 180,000 720,000

Western cape 260,000 364,650 480,000 900,000 780,000 782,335

Botswana 216,000 324,000 348,000 360,000 720,000

Lesotho 715,000

Namibia

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Table 5: University: Median R, Current prices Province /

Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+

Eastern Cape 166,000 223,750 325,000 576,900 455,000

Free State 221,000 325,000 331,500

Gauteng North 240,000 247,000 585,000 521,000 830,000

Gauteng South 204,000 274,384 495,000 700,279 700,000 753,830

KZN 214,329 294,528 400,000 680,000 720,000 387,500

Limpopo 348,000

Mpumalanga 234,000 312,000 556,262 610,560 793,989 1,455,972

Northern Cape 224,250 360,000 780,000

North-West 114,000 180,000 720,000

Western cape 167,500 259,200 396,800 617,970 420,000 674,220

Botswana 216,000 324,000 348,000 360,000 720,000

Lesotho 715,000

Namibia 326,700 460,800

Technikon Table 6: Technikon: Lowest R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+

Eastern Cape 62,400 84,000 215,000 600,000 364,000

Free State 91,682 238,000 148,102

Gauteng North 150,000 288,000 312,000 504,000

Gauteng South 120,000 162,500 240,000 390,000 658,960 320,000

KZN 35,000 67,392 126,360 298,786 120,000

Limpopo 202,800 370,000 573,300

Mpumalanga 109,500 120,000 324,870 234,000

Northern Cape 120,000

North-West 156,000

Western Cape 48,000 123,500 178,200 270,220 369,000

Botswana

Lesotho 186,810 321,000

Namibia 326,700 460,800

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Table 7: Technikon: Highest R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+

Eastern Cape 85,800 195,000 271,000 600,000 364,000

Free State 91,682 238,000 370,000

Gauteng North 262,000 360,000 850,000 504,000

Gauteng South 180,000 325,875 510,000 720,000 658,960 320,000

KZN 144,000 193,050 537,886 608,400 500,000

Limpopo 202,800 520,000 573,300

Mpumalanga 109,500 120,000 324,870 715,000


North-West 195,000

Western Cape 216,000 279,484 550,000 520,000 369,000

Botswana

Lesotho 186,810 321,000

Namibia 326,700 460,800

Table 8: Technikon: Median R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+

Eastern Cape 74,100 120,263 220,000 600,000 364,000

Free State 91,682 238,000 259,051

Gauteng North 240,000 324,000 400,400 504,000

Gauteng South 132,000 288,000 358,349 480,000 658,960 320,000

KZN 97,000 132,456 346,076 453,593 310,000

Limpopo 202,800 445,000 573,300

Mpumalanga 109,500 120,000 324,870 474,500


North-West 175,500

Western Cape 144,000 157,300 300,000 420,000 369,000

Botswana

Lesotho 186,810 321,000

Namibia 326,700 460,800

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No formal education Table 9: No formal education: Lowest R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+

Eastern Cape 66,000 175,500

Free State 104,000

Gauteng North 57,000 99,900

Gauteng South 144,000

KZN 66,000 120,000 92,000

Limpopo 390,000

Mpumalanga 68,250 135,000

Northern Cape

North-West

Western Cape 32,500 97,500 160,000 155,500 240,000

Botswana

Lesotho 128,700

Namibia

Table 10: No formal education: Highest R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+


Free State 390,000



KZN 316,000 169,000 102,933

Limpopo 390,000


Northern Cape

North-West

Western Cape 45,600 168,000 160,000 351,000 435,200

Botswana

Lesotho 128,700

Namibia

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Table 11: No formal education: Median R, Current prices

Province / Area 0 -2 3 - 5 6 - 10 11-20 21 - 30 31+


Free State 185,250



KZN 191,000 144,500 97,467

Limpopo 390,000


Northern Cape

North-West

Western Cape 39,900 117,500 160,000 253,250 394,155

Botswana

Lesotho 128,700

Namibia

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Table 12:Remuneration summary: March 2012: National (excluding Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

Qualification Experience

0 - 2 years 3 - 5 years 6 - 10 years 11 - 20 years 21 - 30 years 31+ years

University

Number 291 71 91 58 39 15 17

Lowest 48,000 120,000 176,800 331,500 411,715 300,000

Highest 415,992 727,986 931,015 935,982 1,143,978 1,455,972

Average 198,189 290,430 500,876 637,592 664,858 713,870

Median 202,684 268,800 465,000 653,985 700,000 710,000

Stand Dev 60,986 101,524 186,442 155,618 201,062 282,872

Technikon

Number 141 36 33 47 18 5 2

Lowest 35,000 67,392 126,360 234,000 120,000 320,000

Highest 262,000 360,000 850,000 720,000 658,960 369,000

Average 137,733 193,478 366,302 451,121 443,252 344,500

Median 131,000 180,000 358,349 457,672 500,000 344,500

Stand Dev 56,425 77,601 134,596 146,370 210,615 34,648

None

Number 39 14 7 10 2 6

Lowest 32,500 66,000 92,000 155,500 99,900

Highest 316,000 169,000 390,000 351,000 435,200

Average 92,264 122,214 179,383 253,250 289,126

Median 67,125 120,000 151,500 253,250 315,000

Stand Dev 74,747 36,783 93,034 138,239 136,876

Note: Where salaried personnel are 2 or less in a specific qualification and experience category data may be unreliable for comparison purposes.

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Table 13: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Eastern Cape

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 20 6 6 5 2 0 1

Lowest 61,750 200,000 300,000 553,800 455,000

Highest 298,992 270,000 500,000 600,000 455,000

Average 177,749 225,833 378,700 576,900 455,000

Median 166,000 223,750 325,000 576,900 455,000

Stand Dev 84,688 24,118 90,137 32,668 -

Technikon

Number 11 2 4 3 1 1 0

Lowest 62,400 84,000 215,000 600,000 364,000

Highest 85,800 195,000 271,000 600,000 364,000

Average 74,100 129,881 235,333 600,000 364,000

Median 74,100 120,263 220,000 600,000 364,000

Stand Dev 16,546 47,631 30,989 - -

None

Number 2 0 1 0 0 0 1

Lowest 66,000 175,500

Highest 66,000 175,500

Average 66,000 175,500

Median 66,000 175,500

Stand Dev - -

Note: Where salaried personnel are 2 or less in a specific qualification and experience category data may be unreliable for comparison purposes

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Table 14: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Free State

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 10 6 3 0 1 0 0

Lowest 154,000 271,000 331,500

Highest 325,000 582,000 331,500

Average 226,000 392,667 331,500

Median 221,000 325,000 331,500

Stand Dev 57,498 166,176 -

Technikon

Number 4 1 1 2 0 0 0

Lowest 91,682 238,000 148,102

Highest 91,682 238,000 370,000

Average 91,682 238,000 259,051

Median 91,682 238,000 259,051

Stand Dev - - 156,906

None

Number 4 0 0 4 0 0 0

Lowest 104,000

Highest 390,000

Average 216,125

Median 185,250

Stand Dev 126,861


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Table 15: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Gauteng North

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 41 5 14 13 5 4

Lowest 168,000 210,000 330,938 455,000 480,000

Highest 264,000 445,600 864,600 570,000 990,000

Average 227,300 284,614 603,851 516,804 782,500

Median 240,000 247,000 585,000 521,000 830,000

Stand Dev 36,089 85,191 186,756 41,487 240,052

Technikon

Number 17 5 2 9 1 0 0

Lowest 150,000 288,000 312,000 504,000

Highest 262,000 360,000 850,000 504,000

Average 220,600 324,000 458,275 504,000

Median 240,000 324,000 400,400 504,000

Stand Dev 46,463 50,912 179,738 -

None

Number 5 4 0 0 0 0 1

Lowest 57,000 99,900

Highest 168,000 99,900

Average 84,800 99,900

Median 57,100 99,900

Stand Dev 55,467 -


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Table 16: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Gauteng South

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 85 13 26 21 14 5 6

Lowest 65,000 200,000 325,000 455,000 540,000 300,000

Highest 260,189 600,000 931,015 910,855 865,069 952,983

Average 188,168 312,473 551,484 681,706 713,014 710,544

Median 204,000 274,384 495,000 700,279 700,000 753,830

Stand Dev 60,782 105,167 166,028 123,702 117,899 218,256

Technikon

Number 30 7 7 11 3 1 1

Lowest 120,000 162,500 240,000 390,000 658,960 320,000

Highest 180,000 325,875 510,000 720,000 658,960 320,000

Average 148,339 272,339 369,909 530,000 658,960 320,000

Median 132,000 288,000 358,349 480,000 658,960 320,000

Stand Dev 28,868 59,180 99,492 170,587 - -

None

Number 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Lowest 144,000

Highest 144,000

Average 144,000

Median 144,000

Stand Dev -


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Table 17: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – KwaZulu Natal

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 61 22 19 11 4 3 2

Lowest 150,000 175,500 176,800 575,520 582,045 375,000

Highest 321,000 432,000 710,000 900,000 766,060 400,000

Average 208,880 288,198 397,548 708,880 689,368 387,500

Median 214,329 294,528 400,000 680,000 720,000 387,500

Stand Dev 44,745 68,222 170,337 137,574 95,755 17,678

Technikon

Number 30 10 6 10 2 2 0

Lowest 35,000 67,392 126,360 298,786 120,000

Highest 144,000 193,050 537,886 608,400 500,000

Average 91,785 139,734 347,216 453,593 310,000

Median 97,000 132,456 346,076 453,593 310,000

Stand Dev 32,489 48,113 135,661 218,930 268,701

None

Number 6 2 2 2 0 0 0

Lowest 66,000 120,000 92,000

Highest 316,000 169,000 102,933

Average 191,000 144,500 97,467

Median 191,000 144,500 97,467

Stand Dev 176,777 34,648 7,731


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Table 18: Remuneration summary: March 2012 - Limpopo

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 3 0 3 0 0 0 0

Lowest 132,000

Highest 365,445

Average 281,815

Median 348,000

Stand Dev 130,036

Technikon

Number 4 0 1 2 0 1 0

Lowest 202,800 370,000 573,300

Highest 202,800 520,000 573,300

Average 202,800 445,000 573,300

Median 202,800 445,000 573,300

Stand Dev - 106,066 -

None

Number 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Lowest 390,000

Highest 390,000

Average 390,000

Median 390,000

Stand Dev -


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Table 19: Remuneration summary: March 2012 - Mpumalanga

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 15 3 3 2 4 2 1

Lowest 144,000 312,000 263,900 441,120 444,000 1,455,972

Highest 415,992 727,986 848,623 935,982 1,143,978 1,455,972

Average 264,664 450,662 556,262 649,556 793,989 1,455,972

Median 234,000 312,000 556,262 610,560 793,989 1,455,972

Stand Dev 138,565 240,170 413,462 248,962 494,959 -

Technikon

Number 5 1 1 1 2 0 0

Lowest 109,500 120,000 324,870 234,000

Highest 109,500 120,000 324,870 715,000

Average 109,500 120,000 324,870 474,500

Median 109,500 120,000 324,870 474,500

Stand Dev - - - 340,118

None

Number 5 2 0 3 0 0 0

Lowest 68,250 135,000

Highest 68,250 270,394

Average 68,250 191,465

Median 68,250 169,000

Stand Dev 0 70,437


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Table 20: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Northern Cape

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 4 0 2 1 1 0 0

Lowest 188,500 360,000 780,000

Highest 260,000 360,000 780,000

Average 224,250 360,000 780,000

Median 224,250 360,000 780,000

Stand Dev 50,558 - -

Technikon

Number 2 0 2 0 0 0 0

Lowest 120,000

Highest 180,000

Average 150,000

Median 150,000

Stand Dev 42,426

None

Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lowest

Highest

Average

Median

Stand Dev Note: Where salaried personnel are 2 or less in a specific qualification and experience category data may be unreliable for comparison purposes

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Table 21: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – North West

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 4 2 1 0 0 1 0

Lowest 48,000 180,000 720,000

Highest 180,000 180,000 720,000

Average 114,000 180,000 720,000

Median 114,000 180,000 720,000

Stand Dev 93,338 - -

Technikon

Number 2 2 0 0 0 0 0

Lowest 156,000

Highest 195,000

Average 175,500

Median 175,500

Stand Dev 27,577

None

Number 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lowest

Highest

Average

Median

Stand Dev


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Table 22: Remuneration summary: March 2012 – Western Cape

Qualification

Experience


University

Number 48 14 14 5 8 4 3

Lowest 113,100 120,000 273,768 387,000 411,715 600,000

Highest 260,000 364,650 480,000 900,000 780,000 782,335

Average 174,921 248,969 376,114 629,894 507,929 685,518

Median 167,500 259,200 396,800 617,970 420,000 674,220

Stand Dev 38,274 74,045 87,166 180,371 181,423 91,691

Technikon

Number 38 10 9 9 9 0 1

Lowest 48,000 123,500 178,200 270,220 369,000

Highest 216,000 279,484 550,000 520,000 369,000

Average 137,080 179,076 345,733 396,665 369,000

Median 144,000 157,300 300,000 420,000 369,000

Stand Dev 50,046 55,548 111,911 94,194

None

Number 13 3 4 1 2 0 3

Lowest 32,500 97,500 160,000 155,500 240,000

Highest 45,600 168,000 160,000 351,000 435,200

Average 39,333 125,125 160,000 253,250 356,452

Median 39,900 117,500 160,000 253,250 394,155

Stand Dev 6,568 30,167 - 138,239 102,917


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Graphs Figure 7: Min / Max rates: University by experience, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

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Figure 8: Min / Max rates: Technikon by experience, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

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Figure 9: Min / Max rates: No formal education by experience, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

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Figure 10: Average annual remuneration, by qualification and experience, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

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Figure 11: Average annual remuneration, University, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

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Figure 12: Average annual remuneration: Technicon, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

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Figure 13: Average annual remuneration: No formal education, National (excl Lesotho, Namibia & Botswana)

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End of Report

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