asst profasst.prof.nopbhorn leeprechanon, ph dph.d. power ... · a. power c.grid t&d/if...

Asst Prof Nopbhorn Leeprechanon Ph DAsst.Prof.Nopbhorn Leeprechanon, Ph.D.Head, Power System Planning and Energy Policy Research Unit

April 4, 2013

Challenges for Smart Grid E t bli h tEstablishment

1

How do you like your local community to be?How do you like your local community to be?

• Low Co2 and green environment?

• Ease of access to energy sources?

• Plenty of electric charging stations that we can charge our electric bicycles electric vehicles ?our electric bicycles, electric vehicles ?

• A system that generate electrical power from• A system that generate electrical power from

renewable energy sources to get visual power plant?

• More variety of new jobs?

• Etc.

Smart grids can link electricity system stakeholder objectives

KEY POINT: Smart grids provideKEY POINT: Smart grids providean opportunity to link societal, financial,technology and regulatory and policy objectives.

Source : Technology Roadmaps Smart grids, International Energy Agency(IEA)

Vision of the world energy delivery

A Global view of Smart GridA Global view of Smart Grid

17/02/11 7

"In order to meet today‘s global power demand, it would suffice to equip about three thousandths of the world‘s deserts with solar

collectors of solar thermal power plants. About 20 m2 of desert would b h t t th i di id l d d f h b ibe enough to meet the individual power demand of one human being

day and night ‐ all this absolutely CO2 free."17/02/11 8

Europe plans a North Sea Grid

17/02/11 9

17/02/11 10

USA: Full support from the Nation’s leader

17/02/11 11

What about our leaders?

17/02/11 12

ASEAN Power Grid Vision

14 ASEAN Electricity Interconnection Projects

For the long term success, g ,we need a strong national vision

t d S t G idtowards a Smart Grid

17/02/11 14

Source: World Economic Forum

Smart Grid: The VisionSmart Grid: The Vision

IEA + APEC

ASEANASEAN

ThailandThailand

Source: European Technology Platform Smart Grid 2010Source: European Technology Platform Smart Grid 2010

A Case of Korean’s Smart Grid Policy I l t tiImplementation

17/02/11 17

A Case of Korea’s National Vision t d S t G idtowards a Smart Grid

17/02/11 18

Korea’s smart grid implementation plan

17/02/11 19

Korea’s key implementation targets for the smart power grid and the smart consumer

17/02/11 20

Korea’s investment plan and key expected benefits (estimated)

17/02/11 21

Korea’s Policy direction in support of the smart grid road map

17/02/11 22

Korea’s key implementation targets for smart transportation, renewable energy, and electricity service

17/02/11 23

The Jeju smart grid test bedThe Jeju smart grid test bed

17/02/11 24

Vision, goad, and strategic directions for the Jeju test bed•determine the

best SG Tech and most viablemost viable business model

•become the basis for low‐ carbon, green‐growth strategy

•become the world’s largest smart grid community and will allow for

i f htesting of the most advanced SG tech, R&D

lt d

17/02/11 25

results and new business model.

Overview of Jeju smart grid test bed implementationOverview of Jeju smart grid test bed implementation

17/02/11 26

Jeju testJeju test bed PR center and

exhibition hallshalls

17/02/11 27

A Proposed Thailand Roadmap and steps for implementationsteps for implementation

17/02/11 28

National Vision? e.g. to pave the way for people happiness?, Lower Carbon, Green Growth through a Smart Grid Program

2033 Build a National Wide Smart Grid

National Vision

2023Build a Smart Grid Across Main Province and City

Goals by Phase

40% 20% 10% 30%

2013Build a Smart Grid Test‐Bed or Technical Validation

Smart Power Grid

Smart Place & Smart Electricity

ServicesSmart

Transportation

40% 20% 10%

Smart Renewable

30%

Imple‐mentation Grid Services Transportation RenewableArea

Political Forces -> the convergence of diverse economic

17/02/11 29

Future

Thailand’s National Vision

Future

R&DRoadmap and steps for

Third Stage –

Build a National Wide Smart Grid Second Stage –

Build a Smart Grid

Across Main Provinces

steps for implementation towards a Build a National Wide Smart Grid

or Metropolitan areastowards a smart grid

First Stage –

Construction and Operation of

SWOT

Analysis the smart grid test-bed

(Technical Validation)

2033

Analysis

2023

Time2013

2023

17/02/1130

Policy & Gov.

Regulator

UtilityGov.

Smart Grid Strategic Development

Consumer Vendor

NGO&

Development

Academics

Smart Grid Development in ThailandShort Term Medium Term Long Term

Smart Grid Development in Thailandg

Action PlanStrategy & Road map R&D Pilot Fully

National Strategy Development National-Wide Smart

Grid Implementation

Smart Grid research planning Smart Grid Incentive Program Public hearing

Government

Smart Grid Test-Bed

Extend to the Greater Area for Smart Grid Test-Bed

Seek cooperation from all relevant stake holders including government and

Utility Pilot Investment on Smart Grid

government and private sectors related to the Smart Grid development

Pilot Investment for Smart Grid Development

Vender

32

NGO/Academic

Who are involved in driving Thailand Smart Grid?

• Government• Government – EPPO, Ministry of Energy ‐> Policy & Master Plan for Smart Grid– DEDE, Ministry of Energy ‐> Renewable Energy (RE)– Ministry of ICT – EGAT, PEA, MEA ‐> RE, T&D and services– Smart Grid Subcommittee in the Standing Committee on Energy Senate– Smart Grid Subcommittee, in the Standing Committee on Energy, Senate

• Private– IEEE‐PESIEEE PES – Precise ‐> T&D– TEBA EV

ABB Schneider Siemens > T&D and Consumer product– ABB, Schneider, Siemens ‐> T&D and Consumer product

• Academic (R&D)– TU (Engr Econ) CU(Engr ERI) KMITL (Engr) etcTU (Engr, Econ), CU(Engr, ERI), KMITL (Engr) etc.

Smart Grid: Policy making

Prime Minister

Executive Legislative

NEPC NBTC CabinetMoI – PEA/MEA

BoI of MoINESDB ERC House of

Representative

Senate

EPPO of MoE

MoI – PEA/MEAMoE – DEDE, EGATMoICT – NSO, TMD, TOT, CAT, SIPA

Secretariat

Secretariat

Secretariat

Secretariat

tative

• NEPC – National Energy Policy Council กพช (before the establishment of the MoE)• NBTC – National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (act passed and announced on 19 December 2010) กสทชannounced on 19 December 2010) กสทช• NESDB – Office of the Nation Economic and Social Development Board (สภาพัฒนาเศรษฐกจิ

และสังคมแห่งชาต)ิ• ERC – Energy Regulatory Commission (คณะกรรมการกาํกับกจิการพลังงาน)ERC Energy Regulatory Commission (คณะกรรมการกากบกจการพลงงาน)

Smart Grid: Stakeholders

Influence Matrix

Stakeholders

Government Codes Donor Industry Academic OperatorsGovernment

a. Power Grid

Standards Program Relations Institutes

NEPC/EPPO of MoE

ERCTISI, MoI

IEEE, IEC, EEIIEEE, CU, TU, AIT,

LAD, IEEE, EIT

Operators

b. PlaceECCT, MoICTDCP, BMADPT, MoI

TISI, MoILEED ThailandASA, BMA, DPC

WB, ADB, IRC, EU, MFC,TBA IEEE TISTR, EIT

TISI MoIc. Transportation

d. Renewable

MoT, MoI, MoETISI, MoI

DPC of MoNRE,EEI, MoI

TAI,IEEE EIT

DEDE of MoEECCT, BoI of MoI TISI of MoI

DPC f M NREWB (IFC), ADB, EU MFC TBA TISTR, CU, EIT

EGATPEAMEA

e. Electricity Service

,MoAgri DPC of MoNRE EU,MFC, TBA

MoE,NEPC,NESDB

ERC, TDRI

f. Communication MICT NBTC, IEEE EIT CAT TOT

g. Community Residents of Thailand

Proposed Smart Grid Platform

Smart Grid Forum: a Template

Proposed Smart Grid Platform

Policy MakingTechnological R&D

h i l d i G Chairman

Director

FinancingPublic Knowledge

Technical Advisory Group• Government• Utilities• AcademicsE t Director• Experts

Group Leader Group LeaderGroup Leader Group Leader Group Leader Group Leader

b. Place d. Renewable Energy

H W /S lid i S l h l

a. Power Grid

T&D / I f

c. Transportation

Ch i

p

e. Electricity Service

p

g. Community

p

HomeBuildingIndustry

Wet/Solid BiomassWind on/offshoreHydrogen/Fuel Cell

GeothermalBio‐fuels

Solar thermalHydro

Photovoltaic(BIPV)CCS

T&D / InfraStorage

ConvergenceU‐grid

Charging‐Stations/InfraElectric VehiclesCharging Battery

Pricing System

Electricity Trading

PublicationsWorkshopsExhibitions

f. CommunicationGroup Leader Information Security, Privacy and Data Protection

Smart Grid: Workplan

Description Goal Timeline

Define scope of work Website, report, white paper

Mutual discussion among stake holders Stakeholder matrix

Seminar public hearingSeminar, public hearing

Field trip and site visit ‐ local and

- Visit major power utilities- Visit vehicle manufacturers- Visit ee equipment

international experiences manufactures/vendors- Key international success on SG

implementation

Publication A number of paper to be published Every 3‐4 monthsPublication A number of paper to be published Every 3 4 monthsWrite a white paper Final report

Discussion topics on smart grid establishment• Grid code ‐ Standard and Interoperability of the SG: Who should issue it? How will

industry ensure interoperability among the many new devices involved in the SG (a bit akin to ensuring that a music download could operate not only in an iPod but also in other MP3 devices)also in other MP3 devices)

• Where is the SG? Who is investing in it? –Utility‐Focused Technologies VS. Consumer‐Focused Technologies.

• What are the essential considerations for policy makers and regulators who are i i SG?examining SG?

– What are some alternatives to SG?– What rate structures should likely accompany a SG rollout?– What response can be expected from these new rate structure?p p– What public and consumer education will be needed to encourage public buy‐in to SG?– What process should the government use to develop a SG strategy?– What level of certainty should utilities have prior to making large‐scale investments in SG?– What will be the expectation for cost recovery if technologies evolve and improve? Will theWhat will be the expectation for cost recovery if technologies evolve and improve? Will the

high technology sensors, smart appliances or advanced meters of 2011 be the low tech meters of 2016?

– How will SG affect the pattern of investments in the power grid and power plants?– How will the need for those investments change?How will the need for those investments change?– How will customers interact with the SG? How will it change their behavior?– What changes to rate recovery mechanisms may be necessary in order to avoid a situation in

which utility profits suffer as a result of successful SG programs?– What costs will be spread across all ratepayers VS. participants in SG programs only?What costs will be spread across all ratepayers VS. participants in SG programs only? – Will lower or higher income customers benefit from or face disadvantage from the SG? Will

lower income customers take advantage of SG?– Who will have access to the information that the SG generates?

Dr.Nopporn Leeprechanon 1st TEBA's Energy Platform Seminar

38

Smart Grid vs. CommunitySmart Grid vs. Community Development

Factors involved with community development

‐ Smart & Efficient Electricity Grid itself ‐> Smart Metering/AMR/AMI

S t El t i it S i Ch i f C ? d ESI t t i‐ Smart Electricity Services ‐> Choices for Consumers? ‐>need ESI restructuring

‐ Green/Efficient Transport ‐> BEV‐>Fast Charging Station (need RE)

‐Smart Consumer ‐> End User Energy Management Technology

‐ Renewable Energy Complex ‐> Solar, Wind, Biomass?? connected with a micro grid

Community Development DomainRE + T&D + Services

How Smart Grid Pave a Way to Create aHow Smart Grid Pave a Way to Create a Smart Community

How Smart Grid Pave a Way to Create a Smart Community

SPP, VSPP, Prosumer etc. Visual

Environment ,Green Energy Societies Job SmartSmart

Grid Renewable Solar Roof, Renewable

Charging Station

Power Plant

Societies, Job and Industries Renewable, Knowledge

Smart Community

Measure ,Policy and Act

Renewable Energy Support Policy 2012

Regulatory Policies Fiscal Incentives Public Financing

Source: Renewable 2012 Global Status Report, pp.70

FIT & RPS are the Most popular and successful policy adopted around the world to support electricityadopted around the world to support electricity

generation from renewable energy

Source: Renewable 2012 Global Status Report, pp.66

Benefits of FITs

FIT compensation principlep p p

Location

Compensation

Adjustable to fit the size of its community

Compensation Criteria

SizeTechnology and Fuel Type

Linkage of FIT to the industries and communitiesg

The principles of the proposed FIT policy are:1. Industry : Promote the development of renewable energy industry in Thailand

The development of electricity generation technology and related equipments will lead tocompetition in the market and then increase the number of project developers in the future. Andas everyone knows whenever new technology comes around old technology will most likelyas everyone knows, whenever new technology comes around, old technology will most likelybecome cheaper, the cost of electricity generated from renewable energy production will then alsodecrease.

2. Knowledge : Promote the renewable energy technology knowledgeIn order to grow a sustainable renewable energy development, promotion in renewable energy

technology knowledge will lead to research, development and how to maintenance all thecomponents in the system efficiently.p y y

3. Earn Revenue : Earn more revenue by promoting the sale of carbon creditsCarbon credits is the certificate issued by a government agency to a power generation company

who utilizes environmentally friendly methods to generate electricity by providing an incentive towho utilizes environmentally friendly methods to generate electricity by providing an incentive toproject developers which produce “green” power to reduce their carbon footprints can also take itas the revenue income.

4 FIT rate4. FIT rateThailand brought FIT in order to drive the development of renewable energy which has also

indicated the Adder rate that attracts the investors. However the Adder rate must be designed tosupply the efficient funding incentives. It is envisaged that the design method of incentivepayment include the technology cost and carbon credits components to determine the appropriatepayment.

What type of technology is the bestWhat type of technology is the best potential candidate for renewable

energy promotion?

Average Annual Growth Rates of Renewable Energy Capacity andBiofuels Production, 2006–2011

Source: RenewableS 2012 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 2012

Trends in Thailand’s Grid‐Connected RE

51Source: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, analyzed from EPPO (2012)

Thailand's Solar Capacity

2500

p y(Status as of March 2012)

2000

y (M

W)

1000

1500

ed Cap

acity

500Installe

Proposed Accepted (Waiting to Sign PPAs)

PPA Signed (Not yet Connected)

Connected and Selling to the Grid

VSPP

0

VSPP 908.36 93.31 1,812.37 168.78

SPP 175.72 0 211.85 60

Source: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, analyzed from EPPO (March 2012)

52

Proportion of Installed Solar Capacityby Scaleby Scale

0‐10kW 10kW‐1 MW >1MW

0-1 MW =100%Malaysia

13% 61% 15%Italy

1.20%98.70%Thailand

10% 59% 31%Germany

Source: Dr Sopitsuda Tongsopit extracted the data from Malaysia SEDA (2012); Italy Renewable Energy WorldSource: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, extracted the data from Malaysia‐‐‐SEDA (2012); Italy –Renewable Energy World (2012); Thailand –EPPO (2012); Germany ‐‐‐Schoenfeld (2012)

53

Opportunity Cost of the Lack of Thailand’s Strategic Direction for Solar Energy

54Ref: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit

Thailand's Solar Market Segmentation: System Sizes

450

s

Thailand s Solar Market Segmentation: System Sizes(Number of Systems as of March 2012)

i f C i

300

350

400

System

sระบบ

Portion of Capacityสัดส่วนของกาํลังผลิตตดิตัง้

150

200

250

mbe

r of

จํานวนร

98.7%

50

100

150

Nu 98.7%

40%

ProposedAccepted

(Waiting to Sign PPAs)

PPA Signed (Not yet Connected)

Connected and Selling to the

Grid

0

Utility‐Scale (SIZE ≥1MW) 166 26 375 44

Commercial (10kW ≤ SIZE ˂1MW) 1 3 22 23

Residential (0 ˂SIZE ˂10 kW) 2 2 8 43

Source: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit Analyzed from EPPO (March 2012)

( )

55

Plug in Hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)Plug in Hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)

A PHEV have the characteristics of both a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) which has an electric motor and an internal combustion engine (ICE) and of an all‐electric vehicle having a plug to connect to the electrical grid. PHEV could get more than 100 miles per gallon while the vehicle runs primarily on the battery compared to the 30 to 55 miles per gallon that most f h b id l t i hi l hi t h iof hybrid electric vehicle achieves at a charging.

Inner driving equipment of PHEV

Battery technology for EV is developing very fast and there is a need to prepare a rational type ofand there is a need to prepare a rational type of

renewable energy complex

Is Solar PV one of the most efficient candidate to date for charging the EV?

Battery electric vehicleBattery electric vehicle

B l i hi l (BEV) EV i f l i hi l h lBattery electric vehicle (BEV) or pure EV is a type of electric vehicle that uses only Rechargeable battery. BEVs use electric motors and motor controllers instead of internal combustion engines (ICEs) for propulsion. A battery‐only electric vehicle or all‐electric vehicle derives all its power from its battery and has no internal combustion engine. Battery electric vehicles differ from fossil fuel‐powered vehicles in that the electricity must be supported by electricity grid such as power distribution system.

Inner driving equipment of BEV

ENERGY SOURCES AND RATESENERGY SOURCES AND RATES

BEVs need more electric power to recharge battery everyday or wants to consume electric power from EV charging station Level I II or DC fast chargingconsume electric power from EV charging station Level I,II or DC fast charging station. As the number of BEV increases, the number of charging points have to increase as well. A trip of 1 km of BEV would consume electrical energy at the rate of 0 15 kWh/kmof 0.15 kWh/km

EV POLICY AROUND THE GLOBEEV POLICY AROUND THE GLOBE

Country Market share Charging station IncentiveCountry Market share Charging station Incentive

Japan 15-20% in 20205,000 rapid charging station and 2 million regular charging station by Current incentive is up to

$7 000 f EVJapa 5 0% 0 0 o egu a c a g g s a o by2020 $7,000 for EV

Korea 10% in 2020 150,000 charging station before 2016

Current incentive up to $2,470 for EV2016 for EV

China 540,000 unit in 2015 10 million EV charging stations by 2020

Incentives of $600-$9,000 for EV

The approximate about €5bn for German: Electric vehicles are t f th l

Europe 480,000 unit in 2015

ppbuilding EV infrastructure

investment over the next seven years

exempt from the annual circulation tax for a period of

five years UK: No Road tax for EV

USA 610,000 unit in 2015 more than 11,000 charging stations in 11 major cities

$7,500 federal tax credit with the purchase of EV

World 10% in 2020 - -

Nowadays, Thailand don’t have sale target of EV. Table 2 show announced national EV sales targets of some country and region in the world.

IEA’s BLUE MapIEA s BLUE Map

• International Energy Agency (IEA) Outlines Scenarios for Global CO2 Reduction by 2050;Scenarios for Global CO2 Reduction by 2050; Transportation Emissions Need to Be Cut EightfoldEightfold

• If governments around the world continue with policies in place to date, CO2 emissions will rise by 130% and oil demand will rise by y y70%, according to the IEA

Electricity is currently more commercializedElectricity is currently more commercialized.H2 Fuel Cell may be the best in the longer tem.

Recommendations: Action and MilestoneRecommendations: Action and Milestone

A grant at our neighboring countryA grant at our neighboring country

In 2011, the Government of Malaysia commissioned the World Bank to study how Malaysiacommissioned the World Bank to study how Malaysia

could move up the solar value chain:

RESULTS: Malaysia as a solar manufacturing hubRESULTS: Malaysia as a solar manufacturing hubAnd growing demand: 2,000 solar rooftops in 2012, targeting 10,000 rooftops in 2013 and 100,000targeting 10,000 rooftops in 2013 and 100,000

rooftops in 2020

Global Trends and Strategiesg• Rapid cost reduction‐ what if solar PV becomes another consumer product?another consumer product?– McKinsey & Co. (2012) predicts that the cost of a fully installed residential system could fall to $1/Wp by the endinstalled residential system could fall to $1/Wp by the end of this decade.

– Implications for conventional power systems planningImplications for conventional power systems planning

• AEC 2015 ‐ foreign manufacturing firms have an interest to locate their plants in the region to avoidinterest to locate their plants in the region to avoid tariffsWh h Th il d dd d l• Whether Thailand can add and capture value depends upon matching our strategies to the

i f h l b l lstrategies of the global playersSource: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, ERI 2012

Current Limitations f Th il d’ S l P liof Thailand’s Solar Policy

• One policy one measure one price for too long• One policy, one measure, one price –for too long

• Simplified and streamlined regulations, previously designed for <1MW; since 2006 applied to >>1 MW

• A lack of monitoring and evaluation system results in• A lack of monitoring and evaluation system results in policy and measures that are not quick enough to adapt to rapidly changing market conditionsto rapidly changing market conditions

• A lack of clear objectives for solar energy support

• A vision will yet to be developed

Source: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, ERI 2012

How can Thailand Add and CaptureHow can Thailand Add and Capture Value in a Global Solar Industry?y


The Solar Value ChainGovernment Policy

and Certification

Business Models1. How can policy be designed to enhance domestic value creation along the

solar value chain?

Business Models

2. What are innovative business models that can add to value creation & value capture?


3 M h b S l E3 Myths about Solar Energyin Thailandin Thailand


M h#1Myth#1Solar Energy is too ExpensiveSolar Energy is too Expensive


PV Price TrendPV Price Trend

Consumer’s perspective?

Invester perspective?Invester perspective?

Source: Navigant Consulting PV Services Program (2011)

Cost Reduction Forecast for Commercial Rooftop Solar Systemsfor Commercial Rooftop Solar Systems

Downstream players will have the greatest potential to generate value

40%40%

30%

Myth#2Solar PV is an imported technology

It cannot benefit the local industriesIt cannot benefit the local industries and will burden the ratepayers


Value chain breakdown of solar jobs: highest in installationhighest in installation

Source: The Solar Foundation (2011) National Solar Job Census 2011 Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, ERI 2012

Solar Investments Create More Jobs h A O h E Sthan Any Other Energy Sources

Primary Source: UC Berkeley Energy Resources Groupy y gy p

Secondary Source: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, ERI 2012

Benefits to consumers: Lower Electricity PricesLower Electricity Prices

March 2008 Spot Market Priceon the German Power Exchange

Same day in March 2012:Spot Market Price

h hon the German Power Exchange

P i S R bl I t ti l M i (2012)Primary Source: Renewables International Magazine (2012)Secondary Source: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, ERI 2012

Myth#3Solar Systems will Burden the Grid

and cause the utilities to doubleand cause the utilities to double invest in back‐up capacity


Benefits to the Utility Gridy

Electrical power demand variation for a summer day.

Primary Source: Sadineni and Boehm (2012) “Measurements and simulations for peak electrical load reduction in cooling dominated climate,” Energy, 37(1 2012 ): 689 – 697.


Benefits to the Utility Grid: d t ti t d & f tneed systematic study & forecast

The effect of solar PV on peak in Western Power’s grid systems, assuming 10% PV penetration

Primary Source: Western Power (2011) Photovoltaic (PV) Forecast


Characteristics of the next wave of solar companies

N t f t i i b t d t• Not manufacturing companies, but downstream installation companies, utilizing cheap, innovative Chinese modulesChinese modules

• Skilled at customers acquisition across the global networknetwork

• Advanced logistics• Know customers well• Know customers well• Tailor‐made solar applications according to end‐use needsuse needs

• Ability to secure innovative, low‐cost financing• Minimizing installation cost• Minimizing installation costSource: Dr. Sopitsuda Tongsopit, ERI 2012

Facilitate

PolicyIntervention

Attract

FacilitateCluster

Formationto encourageTechnologyTransfer

ManufacturingPlants

Transfer


PV Materials and Market Revenues ($ illi )($millions)

Glass represents the largest material cost of module manufacturing plants –opportunities for upstream value creation in Thailand?

Vibrantlocal

Prioritize

Build capital,workforce, innovative

downstreamindustry

Prioritize End‐Use

Market Segmentsbusiness models,

and utility incentives


Innovative Business Models:Th il d t t it fi t f t i b f thThailand must step its first foot in; before these

companies arrive in ASEAN

• Solar Leasing: SolarCity, Sungevity• Solar Bulk Purchasing: Portland’s SolarizeSolar Bulk Purchasing: Portland s SolarizeCampaignM i i l Fi i B k l FIRST• Municipal Financing: Berkeley FIRST


Final RemarksFinal Remarks

We have to find our positioning in the global p g gsolar industry before it is too late!


Thailand’s Solar PV PlatformOpen Space for Discussion

Ideas and Data Exchange

Awareness RaisingAwareness Raising

Joint Fact Finding

Collaborative Policymaking: PV RoadmapPV Roadmap


Thank YouThank You

asst profasst.prof.nopbhorn leeprechanon, ph dph.d. power ... · a. power c.grid t&d/if...

Documents