asterids – campanulids
DESCRIPTION
Asterids – Campanulids. Spring 2014. Fig. 8.83. Asterids – Campanulids . “Basal” Asterids Order Ericales Lamiids Order Solanales Order Gentianales Order Lamiales Campanulids Order Apiales * Apiaceae – carrots, parsley Order Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae – honeysuckle - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Asterids – Campanulids
Spring 2014
![Page 2: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fig. 8.83
![Page 3: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Asterids – Campanulids “Basal” Asterids
Order EricalesLamiids
Order SolanalesOrder GentianalesOrder Lamiales
CampanulidsOrder Apiales
*Apiaceae – carrots, parsleyOrder Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae – honeysuckleAdoxaceae – viburnum, elderberry
Order Asterales*Asteraceae – sunflowers
*family required for recognition
![Page 4: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Asterids -- Campanulids:Apiales: Apiaceae
(The Carrot Family; Umbelliferae)• Nearly cosmopolitan• Usually herbs; aromatic with ethereal oils, terpenoids, saponins and
other compounds; leaves alternate with sheathing bases; internodes usually hollow
• Diversity: 3,780 species in 434 genera• Flowers: Small, inconspicuous. Sepals 5, distinct, very reduced;
petals 5, distinct but developing from a ring-like primordium, usually inflexed; stamens 5, filaments distinct; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit a schizocarp, the 2 dry segments (mericarps) attached to an entire to deeply forked central stalk (carpophore)
• Significant features: Aromatic parts; inflorescences usually involucrate compound umbels (sometimes simple or condensed into a head); styles basally swollen to form a nectar-secreting structure (stylopodium) atop the ovary; seeds with oil glands
• Special uses: Herbs and spices, vegetables (carrot, Daucus; celery – Apium; parsnip - Pastinaca), parsley (Petroselinum)
• Family required
![Page 5: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Apiaceae
Anethum
Zizia
Cicuta
Daucus
![Page 6: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Apiaceae
• reduced calyx• inflexed petals• inferior ovary• 2 carpels• stylopodium
![Page 7: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Apiaceae
schizocarps
![Page 8: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Apiaceae: Daucus-bristly annuals or biennials with pinnately dissected leaves-umbels compound-involucre of more or less conspicuous pinnate bracts-flowers all or nearly all perfect, mostly with pedicels-mericarps with 5 slender, bristly 1° ribs and 4 winged 2° ribs
involucre
![Page 9: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
anise
dillcaraway
![Page 10: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
![Page 11: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
parsley
![Page 12: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
parsnipcarrot
![Page 13: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Asterids -- Campanulids:Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae
(The Honeysuckle Family)• Widely distributed, especially in northern temperate
regions• Herbs, shrubs, small trees and lianas; leaves opposite,
simple• Diversity: 810 species in 36 genera (in the broad sense)• Flowers: Sepals 5, connate; petals 5, connate, often with 2
upper and 3 lower lobes or 1 upper and 4 lower lobes; stamens (1-) 4-5, filaments adnate to the corolla; carpels 2-5, connate, style elongate, stigma capitate, inferior ovary; fruit a capsule, berry, drupe, or achene.
• Significant features: Flowers bilateral; large, spiny pollen• Special uses: Ornamentals: honeysuckle (Lonicera),
Weigela, Symphoricarpus (snowberry)• Family not required
![Page 14: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera
-erect or climbing shrubs-leaves entire-calyx teeth very short-corolla tubular or funnelform, often more or less irregular-fruit a several-seeded berry
![Page 15: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Campanulids:Dipsacales: Adoxaceae
(The Elderberry family)• Widespread in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere but
also in mountainous regions of S. Hemisphere• Small trees, shrubs or perennial herbs; leaves opposite,
simple or trifoliolate or pinnately compound• Diversity: 245 species in 5 genera• Flowers: Bisexual, radial, small; sepals 2-5, connate,
reduced; petals 4-5, connate, well developed but with a usually short tube; stamens 5, pollen with a reticulate exine; carpels 3-5, style(s) short; fruit a drupe, with 1-5 pits
• Significant features: inflorescences determinate, umbellate, showy
• Special uses: ornamentals (Viburnum, Sambucus), also jellies and wines
• Family not required
![Page 16: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Adoxaceae
Adoxa
Sambucus
Viburnum
![Page 17: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Adoxaceae: Viburnum
-shrubs or small trees-leaves simple-inflorescences compound cymes-flowers usually white (rarely pink)-corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed-ovary 3-carpellate, but two abort-fruit a 1-locular, 1-seeded drupe
![Page 18: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Adoxaceae: Sambucus(elderberry)
-herbaceous, shrubby or arborescent-leaves pinnately compound-inflorescences compound cymes-corolla broadly spreading-fruit a drupe containing 3 pits
![Page 19: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Campanulids:Asterales: Asteraceae
(The Sunflower Family – Most diverse family of angiosperms)• Cosmopolitan• Herbs or shrubs (trees); resin canals or laticifers often present• Diversity: 23,600 species in ca. 1,600 genera• Flowers: Sepals highly modified to form a scaly or hairy pappus;
petals 5, connate, forming a tubular, bilabiate, radial or bilateral corolla; anthers fused into a tube around the style (syngenesious); pollen plunger mechanism present; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit an achene (cypsela), often with adherent pappus (calyx parts)
• Significant features: flowers densely arranged into indeterminate heads (capitula), surrounded by involucral bracts (phyllaries), often with differentiation in inner flowers and outer flowers (disk and ray flowers); various pollination and dispersal syndromes
• Special uses: Food plants: sunflower (Helianthus), chicory (Cichorium), artichoke (Cynara), lettuce (Lactuca); many ornamentals (marigolds, zinnias, chrysanthemum, dahlia, etc.).
• Family only
![Page 20: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The ultimate pseudanthium
![Page 21: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Asteraceae
• disk + ray florets
Involucre of phyllaries Berlandiera
Pseudanthium =false flower
![Page 22: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Asteraceae
Floral Terminology:• Head (= capitulum)• Pseudanthium• Involucre• Phyllaries• Floret• Ligulate or ray floret• Disk floret
![Page 23: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Asteraceae: ray flower/floret
![Page 24: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Asteraceae: disk flower/floret
![Page 25: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
disk flowers only
ray flowers only
ray and disk flowers
Three flowerarrangements
![Page 26: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Asteraceae: Taraxacum-perennial or biennial herbs-heads many-flowered, large, solitary on a slender hollow scape, of only ray flowers-pappus feathery, becoming raised on a stalk as the achene matures-involucre reflexed at fruit maturity for wind dispersal
Seeds producedmostly byasexual means
![Page 27: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Asteraceae: Helianthus-coarse, stout herbs-involucre of overlapping phyllaries-heads solitary or in a corymb, many-flowered, with both ray and disk flowers, the ray flowers with a yellow corolla-chaff persistent-pappus easily deciduous, of 2 thin scales, sometimes 2 or more smaller scales also present
![Page 28: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Asteraceae: Solidago-perennial herbs-stem leaves sessile or nearly so-heads small, mostly in racemes or clusters-heads few- to many-flowered, mostly of ray flowers-ray flowers usually 1-20 per head, pistillate-pappus simple, of equal fine bristles-achenes nearly terete
![Page 29: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
-heads in branched clusters-heads of ray flowers-flowers yellow-ca. 1500 species
Senecio
![Page 30: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
artichoke
![Page 31: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
chicory
![Page 32: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
endive
Asteraceae
lettuce
![Page 33: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
safflower oil
Asteraceae
![Page 34: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
sunflower
![Page 35: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
AsteraceaeEconomic plants and products:
Medicinal plants• Camomile (Athemis)
![Page 36: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
AsteraceaeEconomic plants and products:
Weedy plants:• Dandelion (Taraxacum)
![Page 37: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:Weedy plants:• Ragweed (Ambrosia)
![Page 38: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
AsteraceaeEconomic plants and products:
Ornamentals:• Chrysanthemum
(“mums;” Chrysanthemum)• Dahlia (Dahlia)• Daisy (Chrysanthemum)• Marigold (Tagetes)• Sunflower (Helianthus)• Zinnia (Zinnia)
![Page 39: Asterids – Campanulids](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062812/5681637c550346895dd45aca/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ecological Roles