asteroids, comets and moons[1]
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Asteroids,Comets, and Moons
By: Ryan and Jaspreet
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Video Links
http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/asteroids/
http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/comets/
http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/moon/
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Asteroids
Are a class of small Solar System bodies in
orbit around the Sun.
Small, airless rock, revolving around the sunthat are too small to be called planets.
They are also known as planetoids or minor
planets.
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Types ofAsteroids
# C-type more than 75% of asteroids:
extremely dark approximately the same
chemical composition as the Sun
# S-type, 17%: relatively metallic nickel-iron
mixed with iron- and magnesium-silicates;
# M-type, most of the rest: bright (albedo .10-
.18); pure nickel-iron.
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Main belt
v
Population is concentrated in the Main Belt
between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Aka Asteroid Belt
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Location ofAsteroids in
Space Lie in a vast ring between the orbits of Mars
and Jupiter talk about main belt
Main belt holds more than 200 asteroidslarger than 100 kilometers in diameter.
Scientists estimate the asteroid belt contains
more than 750,000 asteroids larger than
three-fifths of a kilometer in diameter and
millions of smaller ones
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Location OfA
steroids Main Belt; located between Mars and Jupiter
roughly 2 - 4AU
from the Sun; further divided intosubgroups: Hungarias, Floras, Phocaea, Koronis,
Eos, Themis, Cybeles and Hildas (which are named
after the main asteroid in the group).
Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs): ones that closely
approach the Earth
* 1 Astronomical Unit = 149 598 000 kilometers *
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Moons
Did you know that neither Mercury or Venus
have moons?
Earth, as you may know, only has 1 moon
There are many theories as to how Earths
moon came to be.
The most popular hypothesis is that an
object the approximate size of Mars hit Earth
and the collision caused what the Earth is
today, and also our moon.
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Continued Trojans: located near Jupiter's Lagrange
points (60 degrees ahead and behind Jupiter
in its orbit). hundred such asteroids are now
known; it is estimated that there may be athousand or more altogether
Many asteroids travel outside of theasteroid belt, and remain on elliptical orbits
pulled around by gravity from the sun.
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Earths Moon
Earth, as you may know, only has 1 moon
There are many theories as to how Earths
moon came to be.
The most popular hypothesis is that an
object the approximate size of Mars hit Earth
and the collision caused what the Earth istoday, and also our moon.
Humans first landed on the moon on July
20th
, 1969.
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Mars Moons
Mars has 2 moons; Demos and Phobos.
They are extremely small, only 12.6km and
22.2km, which is smaller than most towns. Theyre small sizes cause their gravity to be
very weak.
Since the gravity is very weak, the moons donot even form into spheres, like our moon.
They just look like typical asteroids.
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Jupiters Moons
Jupiter has more than 50 moons
Most of these moons are small, and
were probably once asteroids that gotsucked in by its gravitational pull, so are
not classified as moons
Jupiter's large size means that it has verystrong gravity, and its powerful gravity
sometimes grabs onto objects that
wander too close
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Saturns Moons
Of all the planets, Saturn reigns supreme,
well at least in the moon department.
That is because Saturn has more moonsthan any other planet, 62 currently, and
counting.
Out of these 62 moons, 53 are actuallyclassified as moons and 9 are provisional
(unofficial) moons.
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Uranus Moons
The planet Uranus has many fascinating
worlds that orbit it.
There are likely still other moons ofUranus
that have yet to be discovered.
Uranus has 27 moons
5 of which are large, while the rest are most
likely smaller asteroids caught in Uranus
gravity
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Comets
Is an icy, small Solar System body that, when
close enough to the Sun, displays a visible
coma (a thin, fuzzy, temporary atmosphere)
These phenomena are both due to the effects
of solar radiation and the solar wind upon the
nucleus of the comet.
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Comet tails
Two types of comet tails: dust and gas ion.
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1) Dust Ion
dust tail, which is usually yellow, contains
small, solid particles that are about the same
size as those found in cigarette smoke.
This tail forms because sunlight acts on these
small particles, gently pushing them away
from the comet's nucleus.
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2) Gas Ion
A gas ion tail, which is usually blue, forms
when ultraviolet sunlight rips one or more
electrons from gas atoms in the coma making
them into ions (a process called ionization).
Then solar wind carries these ions straight
outward away from the Sun.
Resulting tail is straighter and narrower. Both
types of tails may extend millions of
kilometers into space.
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Location In Space
The orbit of a Comet usually takes the comets
to a cold and dark outermost reaches which
the solar system is close to the Sun.
When comets venture into the more intense
sunlight of the inner solar system, the ices on
the comet nucleus begin to melt and fall away.
The wake of particles forms the comet's tail,which can be hundreds of miles long and can
often be seen from Earth.
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Thank You