6Jan-08

Nanomechanics Workshop, January 27, 2008 ,Daytona Beach, FL

Stephen T. GonczyC28 Chairman

Gateway Materials Technology, Inc. Mt. Prospect, ILTel: 847-870-1621 E-Mail:Gatewaymt@aol.com

ASTM Committee C28Advanced Ceramics

An Overview

7Jan-08

OUTLINE

ASTM C28• Scope and History

• Organization and Status

• Why Standards?

• The ASTM Standards Process

• ASTM - Electronic Information Initiatives

• New C28 Work Efforts in Ceramic Applications

• Summary

PW-119-PW100 Engine for F22 with Thrust Diverters

8Jan-08

ASTM Mission

To be the foremost developer and provider of voluntary consensus standards, related technical information, and services having globally recognized quality and applicability that:• promote public health and safety, and the overall quality of

life;

• contribute to the reliability of materials, products, systems and services;

• facilitate international, regional, and national commerce.

9Jan-08

C28 Advanced Ceramics Committee

C28 Scope --The promotion of knowledge, stimulation of research, and the development of standards (classifications, specifications, nomenclature, test methods, guides, and practices) relating to processing, properties, characterization, and performance of advanced ceramic materials.

10Jan-08

History of C28

• Mid 80s -- The crest of the advanced ceramics technology wave!!− High temperature structural applications in

aerospace, automotive, energy-production, electronics, wear/abrasion, and environment control.

• Standards were needed for advanced ceramics, but this was outside the scope ASTM C21-Whitewares and ASTM C8 Refractories

2008 - Over 40 advanced ceramic test standardsdeveloped and published in ASTM Vol 15.01.

1986 - ASTM C28 Advanced Ceramics was established

11Jan-08

C28 Membership and OrganizationCommittee Membership -- 97 Members (Jan 2008)

− Industry, Government, Academic, International (24%)

• Seven Technical Subcommittees− C28.01 - Mechanical Properties – 17 Standards− C28.02 - Reliability – 6 Standards− C28.03 – Physical Properties –6 Standards− C28.04 – Ceramic Applications –2 Standards− C28.07 - Ceramic Composites – 11 Standards− C28.91 - Terminology – 1 standard− C28.94 – ISO TAG TC206

• Four Administrative Subcommittees− C28.90 - Executive Committee − C28.92 - Awards− C28.93 – Education and Outreach− C28.95 – Long Range Planning

12Jan-08

C28 Advanced Ceramic Standards - Today

C 1341 Flexure strength

C 1275 Tension strengthC 1359 Tension strength (High Temp)C 1337 Creep, Creep RuptureC 1360 Cyclic fatigue

C 1292 Shear strengthC 1425 Shear strength (High T.)

C 1469 Joint strength

C 1358 Compression

C 1468Tension

Trans thickness

Composites

C 1161 Flexural strengthC 1211 Flexural strength (High Temp)C 1368 Slow Crack Growth (Dynamic Fatigue)C 1465 Slow Crack Growth (High Temp)C 1576 Slow Crack Growth (Stress Rupture)C 1684 Flexural strength (Rods)

C 1424 Compression

strength

C 1495 Grinding C 1525 Thermal shock

C 1273 Tension strengthC 1366 Tension strength (High T.)C 1291 Creep, Creep RuptureC 1361 Cyclic fatigue

C 1326 Knoop hardnessC 1327 Vickers hardness

C 1499 Biaxial

strength

C 1322 FractographyC 1678 Fracture Mirror

C 1421 Fracture Toughness

C 1470Thermal Guide

C 1323 C-ring strength

C 1198 Elastic Modulus - continuous

C 1259 Elastic modulus - impulse

Monolithics

C 1251 Particle size, BET GuideC 1274 Particle size, BETC 1282 Particle size, Centrifugal Sed.

Powders

C 1494 C, N, O in silicon nitride

C 1212 Seeded voidsC 1336 Seeded inclusions

C 1175 NDE GuideC 1331 Ultrasonic velocityC 1332 Ultrasonic attenuation

C 1239 Weibull

NDE and Design

C 1145 Terminology

STP 1201 Life PredictionSTP 1309 CompositesSTP 1392 CompositesSTP 1409 Fracture

Terms, Workshops, Education

C 1557 Tensile strength

and Elastic modulus

C 1624 Coatings –Scratch Adhesion

Subcommittees.01 Mech. Prop. And Performance.02 Reliability .03 Physical Prop. + Performance.04 Applications.05 Char. And Processing ( - 2004).07 Ceramic Matrix Composites.91 Terminology.94 ISO TAG

C 1683 Weibull Scaling

log VE

log σ

-1/m

13Jan-08

Definition of a Test Standard

GENERAL OUTLINE• Scope• Referenced Documents• Terminology• Summary of Test Method• Significance and Use• Interferences• Apparatus• Reagents and Materials• Hazards

• Sampling, Test Specimens and Test Units

• Preparation of Apparatus• Calibration and Standardization• Conditioning• Procedure• Calculation or Interpretation of

Results• Report Requirements• Precision & Bias• Keywords

ASTM Standard Test Method -- a concise description of an orderly procedure for determining a property or constituent of amaterial, an assembly of materials, or a product.• Includes all the essential details as to apparatus, test specimen, procedure, and

calculations needed to achieve satisfactory precision and bias.

• Represents a consensus as to the best currently available test procedure for the use intended

• Supported by experience and adequate data obtained from cooperative tests.

14Jan-08

Testing and Measuring

The challenge is to develop consensus-based tests that we all can use with confidence and reliability within our producer-user-research community.

Why Test and Measure??For material and structural developmentDesign data Product characterization and quality control Engineering/ production specificationsFailure Analysis

If you can’t test and measure it accurately and reliably, you can’t control it.

15Jan-08

WITHOUT STANDARDS !!!!

AT BEST!!!− Confusion over terminology, test

procedures, protocols, and data requirements.

− Conflicting and/or incomplete data comparison

− Multiple test requirements from multiple users and developers.

AT WORST!!!− BAD TESTS with invalid, unreliable,

irreproducible, and incomplete property data.

16Jan-08

BENEFITS OF STANDARDS

Technical Benefits

•• Accurate/complete test methods Accurate/complete test methods for broad usefor broad use

•• A common terminologyA common terminology

•• Tests support critical material Tests support critical material and/or application performance and/or application performance criteriacriteria

•• WellWell--defined formats and defined formats and complete requirements for data complete requirements for data exchangeexchange

•• Broadly accepted means ofBroadly accepted means ofbenchmarking new materialsbenchmarking new materialsand processesand processes

•• A basis for design codes, QCA basis for design codes, QCrequirements, and regulatory requirements, and regulatory actionaction

Market Benefits•• Reduce testing redundancy, Reduce testing redundancy,

increase efficiency, and increase efficiency, and reduce costs in developmentreduce costs in development

•• Speed the transition of new Speed the transition of new materials from laboratory to materials from laboratory to commercial marketscommercial markets

•• Support the establishment Support the establishment of a strong, stable supplier of a strong, stable supplier basebase

•• Assist in the establishment Assist in the establishment of high quality productsof high quality products

17Jan-08

2007 Delivery of “Top 20” Ceramic StandardsID Title #C1421 Fracture Toughness 50C1161 Flexure Monolith- Ambient 49C1259 Impulse Modulus 30C1624 Coatings Scratch Adhesion 27C1273 Tensile 26C1239 Weibull 25C1322 Fractography 22C1499 Biaxial 20C1470 Thermal Properties 20C1198 Resonance Modulus 19C1327 Vickers Hardness 18C1211 Flex HiTemp 17C1424 Compression 16C1557 Fiber Strength 16C1341 Flex Composites 15C1326 Knoop Hardness 14C1368 SCG CSR 13C1525 Thermal Shock 13C1576 SCG CS 13C1495 Surface Grinding Effects 10

All C28 standardsin 2007 = 561 downloads

18Jan-08

The ASTM Standards Process

A defined and regulated volunteer process with --1. Extensive guides, formats, and methods for standards

development.2. A defined procedure for reaching consensus.3. Requirements for precision and bias determination.4. Three levels of technical reviews/ballots.5. Formal documentation. 6. Quadrennial reviews and reballots.

How long does it take to publish a standard?Progress depends entirely on the urgency of the need, the complexity

of the job, and the amount of time committees devote to the work.The time frame for developing a standard ranges from less than six

months to two years or more.

19Jan-08

The ASTM Standards Process

1. Requirements and Draft Process

Establish the need and form a task groupEstablish the need and form a task group

Study and draft/amend the standardStudy and draft/amend the standard

3. Publication & Review Process

COS reviewCOS review

ASTM- Edit, produce, publish ASTM- Edit, produce, publish

2. Ballot Process

Ballot at committee level Ballot at committee level

Ballot at society levelBallot at society level

Ballot at subcommittee levelBallot at subcommittee level

No

Approved

No

No

Approved

Approved

Quadrennial reviewQuadrennial review

20Jan-08

ASTM - Electronic Information Initiatives

• Standards published in both print and CD.• On the ASTM WEB site

− Search for standards by title, scope, and keywords− Order standards on the WEB with delivery by immediate

download, FAX, or regular mail.− Online subscriptions for standards and journals− Alert Service for new publications− Membership applications and renewals.− Search for laboratory services and consultants− Search technical publications by keywords

Committee Activities and WEB Interactions• Electronic Balloting• Committee minutes, agendas, and schedules on the WEB.• Interactive standards development forums on the WEB.• Templates, tools, and rules on the WEB.

21Jan-08

2004 -- A New C28 Subcommittee

C28.04 Advanced Ceramic Applications

Scope: To develop standards (including guides, specifications, practices, test methods) for various engineering applicationsof advanced ceramics.

Areas of Interest and Task Groups:

• Fuel Cells • Porous Ceramics• Nanoceramics • Coatings• Electronics • Armor• Sensors/Actuators • Thermal Management

22Jan-08

C28.04 Advanced Ceramic Applications

Current Standards• Flexure Testing of Ceramic Honeycombs• Scratch Adhesion Testing of Ceramic Coatings• Diametral Compression of C- Rings

Current Work Efforts and Areas of Interest

• Button Configuration Fuel Cell Test• Photocatalytic Ceramic Coatings• Nanomechanics

• Thermoelectric Properties of Ceramics

23Jan-08

Situation and Opportunity

• Opportunity -- A comprehensive, verified set of test standards for US and global use− supported by researchers, equipment manufacturers,

testing laboratories, and academia− Sponsored and published by ASTM (C28 advanced

ceramics committee)

The Situation – Multiple sources, users, and researchers with no consensus on how to test and characterize mechanical properties at the nano and micro scale --

“Everyone tests and reports differently”

24Jan-08

SummaryWhy the C28 Committee??• A proven record of productivity,

effectiveness, and speed in publishing accurate and complete test standards for advanced ceramics(+40 standards in 20 years)

• Over 95 members from the advanced ceramics community around the globe, representing producers, users, government labs, and academia.

• A well-defined and effective process for standard development, publication, and maintenance.

• A new initiative on performance-oriented ceramics (nanoceramics, porous ceramics, fuel cells, armor, sensors, etc.)