astragalus orientopersicus, sp. nov. (fabaceae), a new taxon from...
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29ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2016 • 38 (1) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com
KEY WORDSPapilionaceae, Leguminosae,
Astragalus sect. Hymenostegis,
East Iran, new species.
MOTS CLÉSPapilionaceae, Leguminosae,
Astragalus sect. Hymenostegis, Est de l’Iran,
espèce nouvelle.
Ghahremaninejad F., Joharchi M., Fereidounfar S. & Hoseini E. 2016. — Astragalus orientopersicus, sp. nov. (Fabaceae), a new taxon from Iran. Adansonia, sér. 3, 38 (1): 29-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2016n1a3
ABSTRACT Astragalus orientopersicus F.Ghahrem., Joharchi, Fereid. & Hoseini, sp. nov. (family Fabaceae, tribe Galegeae), with 14 to 16 leaflets, dense and many-flowered inflorescence, long peduncle, and tubular-inflated calyx with purplish parallel nerves, is described. It is endemic to Tandureh National Park, Khorassan provine, NE Iran. Morphological evidence (spiny habit, basifixed trichome, spiny rachis, paripinnate leaves, pedunculate racemes, cylindric calyx, inflated calyx in fruit, etc.) supports taxo-nomic placement in Astragalus section Hymenostegis Bunge. The species appears to be most closely related to A. austrokhorasanicus Podlech.
RÉSUMÉAstragalus orientopersicus, sp. nov. (Fabaceae), taxon nouveau de Fabaceae pour la province du Khorassan (Iran).Astragalus orientopersicus F.Ghahrem., Joharchi, Fereid. & Hoseini, sp. nov. (Fabaceae, tribu des Galegeae) est décrit. Il présente 14 à 16 folioles, une inflorescence compacte à nombreuses fleurs et long pédoncule, ainsi qu’un calice tubulaire-dilaté à nervures pourpres parallèles. Cette espèce est en-démique du Parc national de Tandureh, dans la province du Khorassan (NE de l’Iran). L’ensemble de la morphologie (spinescence, trichome basifixe, rachis épineux, feuilles paripennées, grappes pédonculées, calice cylindrique élargi dans le fruit, etc.) appuie son positionnement taxonomique dans Astragalus sect. Hymenostegis Bunge. L’espèce semble particulièrement affine de A. austrokhorasanicus Podlech.
Farrokh GHAHREMANINEJADDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences,
Kharazmi University, 43 Mofatteh Avenue, 15719-14911 Tehran (Iran)
Mohammadreza JOHARCHIHerbarium FUMH, Research Center for Plant Sciences,
Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhad (Iran)
Sogol FEREIDOUNFAR Ehsan HOSEINI
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Kharazmi University, 43 Mofatteh Avenue,
15719-14911 Tehran (Iran)
published on 24 June 2016
Astragalus orientopersicus, sp. nov. (Fabaceae), a new taxon from the Khorassan province (Iran)
30 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2016 • 38 (1)
Ghahremaninejad F. et al.
Fig. 1. — Astragalus orientopersicus F.Ghahrem., Joharchi, Fereid. & Hoseini, sp. nov. from type specimen.
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ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2016 • 38 (1)
INTRODUCTION
With about 2350 species in the Old World and near 500 species in the Americans Astragalus (family Fabaceae, tribe Galegeae) is the largest genus of flowering plants (Podlech & Zarre 2013). It is the biggest genus in the flora of Iran; due to including this genus in family Fabaceae, this family in Iran has attained the first place in terms of species number. Astragalus is quite variable in habit and habitats, size of the plants, pattern of indumentum, stipules, leaf rachis, types of inflorescence, relative length of petals, pods etc., thus usually the genus is divided in many sections (Chaudhary et al. 2008).
Iran, with probably around 850 species (Ghahremaninejad et al. 2012) for the genus Astragalus (“Gævan” in Persian) has been a vast and suitable area for the Astragalus speciation. This country is one of the largest centers of genetic diversity for the genus (Ghahremaninejad 2004), with a concentration in western regions.
In this paper, a new basifixed hair species of the genus Astragalus sect. Hymenostegis Bunge is newly described from
Khorassan province, East Iran. It is the second species of this section for the province and east Iran. Astragalus sect. Hymenostegis, one of the sections with basifixed hairs, was originally established by Alexander Bunge (1868). This section belongs to the subgenus Astragalus, which is characterized by basifixed or simple trichomes (Podlech 1982).
Since 1992 (Ghahremaninejad 1992a) this section, with 27 species, has been the main object of several taxonomists. Ghahremaninejad (1992b) introduced the first new species of this section after more than 40 years: A.dianat-nejadii F.Ghahrem.; the last species was introduced in 1951: A. naftabensis Širj. & Rech.f. Then gradually several spe-cies are introduced from this section, mostly from Iran (e.g., Zarre & Podlech 1996; Maassoumi & Ghahrema-ninejad 1999; Ghahremaninejad & Podlech 2005; Bagheri et al. 2011, 2013, 2014). The last new introduced spe-cies of this section is Astragalus makuensis Maassoumi, Bagheri & Rahimin. in Bagheri et al. (2014), an endemic species from Iran.
The concise description of the section follows.
Fig. 2. — Astragalus orientopersicus F.Ghahrem., Joharchi, Fereid. & Hoseini, sp. nov. in the field. Photo by Dr Farshid Memariani.
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Ghahremaninejad F. et al.
SYSTEMATIC
Genus Astragalus L. sect. Hymenostegis Bunge
Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des Sciences de Saint Petersbourg 11 (16): 66 (1868). — Type species: A. hymenostegis Fisch.
DesCriPtion
Subshrubby, spiny, only covered with white and basifi xed hairs. Stems branched, the old parts woody and covered with remains of old leaves. Stipules adnate to the petiole and somewhat connate behind the stem. Leaves paripin-nate with spiny rachis. Usually without bracteoles. Racemes pedunculate, many-fl owered. Calyx tubular, usually quickly infl ated, with constricted mouth. Petals persistent in fruit time. Standard usually with panduriform blade. Wings al-most as long as the standard. Keel clearly shorter than the wings. Legumes included in the calyx, typically unilocular with one seed.
reMarKs
Th e main center of genetic diversity of the section is Iran (including our new species: 60 species, of which 46 are endemics) with weakly entrance into Turkey (12 species of which two are endemics), Azerbaijan (three species), Armenia (two species), Iraq (fi ve species) and Turkmeni-stan (one species).
Astragalus orientopersicus F.Ghahrem., Joharchi, Fereid. & Hoseini, sp. nov.
(Figs 1, 2)
Similis A.austrokhorasanico Podlech sed differt stipulis 16-23 mm longis (nec 10-12 mm), foliolis 7-8 (nec 5-7)-jugis,pedunculo 12-18 (nec 6-11) cm longo, inflorescentiis 3.5-5 (7) cm longis, atque ovario breve stipitato, nullo modo sessili.
tyPus. — Iran. Khorassan province, NW Darrehgaz, Tandureh National Park, Shekarab, western altitudes of Shekarab station, 2200 m, 37°22’45.8’’N & 58°42’07.7’’E, 27.VI.2004, Memariani & Zangooei 44249 (holo-, FUMH!; iso- FAR!, T!).
Distribution. — Astragalus orientopersicus F.Ghahrem., Joharchi, Fereid. & Hoseini, sp. nov. is endemic to Iran and known only from the type locality, in the Khorassan province, E. Iran (Fig. 3).Th e species is thriving in mountains of Shekarab, Tandureh National Park, at an altitude c. 2200 m, a mountainous area covered with a mixture of gravel and clay, in the Irano-Turanian fl oristic region (Takhtajan 1986).Th e fl owering and fruiting material was collected in June.
etyMology. — Th e specifi c epithet is derived from the type local-ity, East Iran.
DesCriPtion
Plant caespitose, spiny, c. 18-32 cm tall, covered with solely white, basifi xed hairs. Caudex c. 5-8 mm in diameter. Stems 7-15 cm long, the lower parts ligneous, branched, densely covered with blackish remnants of old leaves. Stipules membranaceous, yellowish, ± hyaline towards the tips, 16-23 mm, adnate to the petiole for 11-18 mm, connate behind the stem for 4-6 mm, the free tips acumi-nate, many-nerved, glabrous or ciliate at the margins with ascending hairs up to 1mm. Leaves 4.5-7.5 cm; petiole 1-2 cm, like the rachis densely covered with appressed to subappressed-ascending hairs ca. 0.5 mm, spiny. Leafl ets in 7-8 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 10-16 × 1.5-3 mm, acumi-nate, pungent, with a cusp c. 1.5-2 mm, on the both sides densely covered with appressed to subappressed-ascending hairs. Peduncles 12-18 cm, longer than the leaves, recurved, densely covered with ascending to nearly spreading hairs 0.5-0.6 mm and with much fewer hairs 1 mm. Racemes ovoid to shortly cylindrical, 3.5-5 cm long and 2.5-3 cm in diameter, densely many-fl owered. Bracts membranaceous, mostly narrowly hyaline at the margins and tip, pale yel-lowish, 7-10 × 2-3 mm, lanceolate-ovate, aristate, hairy, especially at the middle line, ciliate at the margins. Calyx tubular-infl ated, 16-20 mm long, 4-5(7) mm wide, mostly purplish especially in upper part, with purplish parallel nerves, densely covered with ascending-spreading hairs, short hairs 0.2-0.4 mm and rather densely with subappressed to ascending hairs 1-2.5 (3) mm; teeth subulate, 5-6 mm. Petals purplish, fading to yellow-pale orange. Standard 20-24 mm; blade 7-8 mm wide, elliptic, rounded, distinctly constricted in lower part. Wings 20-21 mm; blades elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 6-7 × 2.5-3 mm; auricle c. 0.5 mm, claw 12.5-13 mm. Keel 19-20 mm; blades obliquely obovate, obtuse, 5-6 × 2.5-3 mm; auricle short, claw 12-14 mm. Ovary shortly stipitate, c. 5 × 0.9 mm, ellipsoid, densely subappressed hairy; style hairy in lower quarter. Legumes immature, 6.5 × 1.5 mm.
reMarKs
Th e new species is close to A. austrokhorasanicus Podlech. But the new species diff ers from it in having longer stipules (16-23 not 10-12 mm), more leafl ets (7-8 not 5-7 pairs), diff erent peduncles (12-18 not 6-11 cm long; longer than
IRAN
Tehran
IRAQ
SAUDIARABIA
AFGHA-NISTAN
Persian Gulf
50° 60°E
35°N
30°
N
Caspian SeaTURKMENISTAN
Fig. 3 . — Distribution of Astragalus orientopersicus F.Ghahrem., Joharchi, Fe-reid. & Hoseini, sp. nov.
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ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2016 • 38 (1)
the leaves not ± as long as leaves), smaller racemes (3.5-5 × 2.5-3 not 7 × 4 cm), narrower bracts (2-3 not 4-8 mm wide), longer standard (20-24 not 20 mm long) and dif-ferent ovary (shortly stipitate not sessile).
Distribution
Section Hymenostegis species are concentrated in the west of the country. From west to the east the richness of the section strongly decreases and this never spreads beyond Iran towards the eastern areas like Afghanistan and Pakistan countries. It enters to Turkmenistan with A.chrysostachys. The most eastern province of Iran, province Khorassan, neighbor of Afghanistan, includes two species based on Po-dlech & Zarre (2013) for this section: A.chrysostachys Boiss. and A. austrokhorasanicus Podlech. A. austrokhorasanicus is a narrow rare endemic species for the province and is known only from the type specimen from steppic area of a protected region (Dashtabeh). But this locality is out of Khorassan and belongs to the western neighbor province of Khorassan: Semnan province. Thus of this section in Kho-rassan province only A.chrysostachys can be mentioned. It is a widespread species with a distribution area from Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkmenistan. Existence of this species is possible in western part of Afghanistan too, but it will need more field trips.
Astragalus sect. Hymenostegis includes 62 (based on Po-dlech & Zarre 2013; Bagheri et al. 2013, 2014; Nikitin & Geldikhanov 1988) species. Iran is the center of genetic diversity of this section with 60 species, with a concen-tration in NW Iran (with 42 species). Gradually towards the east the richness of this section is decreased whereas in E Iran for this section there are just two representatives (including our new species) and this is indeed the ultimate penetration to the east with no entrance to Afghanistan (eastern neighboring of Iran).
ConClusion
Our new species is the most eastern known for the section. It thrives there with Astragalus chrysostachys, whose the dis-tribution area is the biggest for the section Hymenostegis from E Turkey to E Iran. But our new species, like the most of the section species is a narrow endemics and so rare.
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Submitted on 3rd September 2013; accepted on 9 December 2014;
published on 24 June 2016.