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AstronomyMr. King

04/19/23 2

Compare the surface of the moon with the surface of the earth. Earth’s atmosphere causes

erosion. Earth’s surface is smooth with

many changes. New surfaces are always being created by volcanoes, weather, and erosion.

Moon has little atmosphere. There is no erosion so the surface is rough and old.

1.

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Give a brief description of the moon’s history. Craters are very old. At one time, the moon went

through a volcanic period. Magma flowed through cracks and

filled craters. Dark areas on the moon (filled

craters) are called: maries

2.

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Describe three theories that may account for the origin of the moon.

Daughter Theory - moon was part of the earth.

Sister Theory - both were formed at the same time.

Capture Theory - Moon was traveling and was captured by the earth.

3.

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Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the moon accounts for

the tides. Moon revolves around the earth

every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days

so that the same face of the moon points at the earth.

4.

04/19/23 6

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 7

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 8

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 9

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 10

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 11

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 12

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 13

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 14

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 15

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 16

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 17

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

04/19/23 18

Describe the motions of the earth-moon system. Motion of the earth accounts for the tides. Moon revolves around the earth every 27 days. The moon rotates every 27 days so that the same face

of the moon points at the earth.

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Explain how eclipses of the sun and moon occur. Solar Eclipse: Moon is between the

sun and the earth - happens at a new moon.

Lunar Eclipse: Earth is between the sun and the moon - happens at a full moon

5.

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Describe ways of gaining information about the stars. Stars give off: infrared, x-rays,

ultraviolet, radio wave and different colors of light.

By spectroscope, each star’s light is split into colors. Each star has a different set of colors.

6.

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List two ways of finding the distance between the earth and a star. Parallax - use angles to find the

distance.

Brightness - the closer a star is to us, the brighter.

7.

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List two ways of finding the distance between the earth and a star. Parallax - use angles to find the

distance.

Brightness - the closer a star is to us, the brighter.

Knowndistance

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List two ways of finding the distance between the earth and a star. Parallax - use angles to find the

distance.

Brightness - the closer a star is to us, the brighter.

Knowndistance

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List two ways of finding the distance between the earth and a star. Parallax - use angles to find the

distance.

Brightness - the closer a star is to us, the brighter.

Knowndistance

Angle-side-angle

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Be able to identify these constellations.

8.

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

Big Dipper

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

Big Dipper

Leo theLion

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

Big Dipper

Leo theLion

Cassiopeia

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

Big Dipper

Leo theLion

Cassiopeia

Cygnus

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

Big Dipper

Leo theLion

Cassiopeia

Cygnus

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

Big Dipper

Leo theLion

Cassiopeia

Cygnus

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Be able to identify these constellations.

Orion

Little Dipper

Big Dipper

Leo theLion

Cassiopeia

Cygnus

Polaris (North Star)

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Relate the color of a star to its age and temperature

Nebula: (Gas cloud) low or no temperature

1st stage: Main sequence star medium temperature the color is usually yellow - our own sun is this.

2nd stage: Red Giant, color red and the star is at a cooler temp.

3rd stage: White Dwarf - white or blue - very hot will blow up in a Nova

Final stage Neutron star - Black hole

9.

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Explain what a light year is.

A light year is the distance it takes for light to travel in one year.

Alpha Centauri is our closets star (not including our own sun) that is 4.5 light years away.

Light travels 300,000 meters in one second

10.

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Describe the structure of the Milky Way Galaxy. It is a spiral galaxy Our solar system is about

30,000 light years away from the center

The diameter of the Galaxy is about 100,000 light years across.

About 400 billion stars.

11.

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Explain Red Shift.

It is just like the Doppler effect where as a train nears you the sound waves are at a higher pitch than when it passes you.

Light from stars does this also. When a star is moving away from us, it gives off a red glow, when it comes towards us, there is a blue glow.

12.

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Define: Quasar, supernova, nebula and Black hole Quasar: Very distant large

galaxies that give off a red shift.

Supernova: This is when a star explodes.

Nebula: Start of a new star; large pockets of gas.

Black hole: A star that collapses where there is no space between the atoms.

13.

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Name and Describe the layers of the sun. Central Core 15,000,000 K

Makes the energy - turns hydrogen into helium.

Photosphere is the light ball at 6,000 K

Atmosphere or Chromospheres gives off a faint red light

Coronae creates the solar wind.

14.

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Describe sunspots and prominences Sunspots are cooler areas of

the sun. They go through a 10 year period of many sunspots to few. Some years, tree rings are smaller indicating more sunspots.

Prominences are solar flares or hot spots on the sun that shoot high up in the chromospheres.

15.

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Explain how the sun affects the earth. The sun gives all energy to the

earth (minus geothermal energy)- plants take in the energy and transfer to animals.

However, harmful rays from the solar winds are deflected by the atmosphere and magnetic field of the earth.

15.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

04/19/23 50

How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit.

Speed of the planet would cause it to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

16.

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How do the planets move? The farther out the planets the

longer it takes for planets to revolve around the sun.

Gravity holds the planets in orbit. Speed of the planet would cause it

to move in a straight line, but gravity from the sun holds the planet in orbit.

Planets move in an elliptical or eggshaped orbit. (2 focus points)

16.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Summer in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Summer in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Summer in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Summer in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Summer in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Fall in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Fall in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Fall in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Fall in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Fall in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Winter in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Winter in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Winter in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Winter in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Winter in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Spring in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Spring in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Spring in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Spring in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Spring in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth. Summer in Northern Hemisphere

17.

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Explain Seasons of the earth.

Summer in Northern Hemisphere

Tilt of the earth plus the revolution around the sun accounts for the season.

17.

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Explain why the solar system contains two general kinds of planets.

The first four planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are rock planets with a nickel and iron core. They are much more dense than the gas planets.

The gas planets are much further from the sun and are made of helium, hydrogen and methane. They all have rings only Saturn’s rings are very visible.

The order of the gas planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Pluto is no longer considered a planet.

18.

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Explain how the asteroids may have been formed and where they are located

It could have been another rock planet that did not completely form. Instead the baby planet broke up and created the asteroid belt.

The asteroid belt is between Mars the rock planet and Jupiter the largest gas planet.

The asteroid belt could be considered the “ring” of the sun.

19.

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Rock Planets

Planet Atmosp Moon Rotate Revolve Km from

Sun

Mercury None 0 59 days 88 days 58

Venus Heavy

Acid

0 Backwar

243 day

255 days

108

Earth Moderat

N2 02

1 24 hours 365 days

150

Mars Thin

C02

2 24 hours 687 days

228

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Gas Planets

Planet Dia

Km

Moon Rotate Revolve Km from

Sun

Jupiter 142,800 16 9.9 h 11.8

Years

778

Million K

Saturn 120.000 17 10.3 h 29.47

Years

1,427

Million K

Uranus 51,800 5 10.7 h 84

Years

4,486

Million K

Neptune 49,500 2 15 h 164.8

Years

5,900

Million K

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Compare the properties of meteors and comets Comets are large bodies in our

solar system that are too small to be a planet and have too much speed to be an asteroid so they orbit around the sun in a very elliptical orbit.

Meteors are space debris that usually burns in our atmosphere before hitting the surface.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.

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The pathway of a comet.