astronomy final review. geocentric model --earth is in the center of the system and everything...
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Astronomy
Final ReviewFinal Review
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Geocentric Model
--Earth is in the --Earth is in the center of the center of the system and system and everything everything revolves around revolves around it.it.
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Heliocentric Model
--Sun is located at the center of the system.
--The orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.
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Finding the eccentricity of an ellipse
Foci- the two points at the center of the ellipse
Major Axis- the distance across the center of the ellipse
distance between fociEccentricity= length of major axis
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Find the eccentricity of this ellipse
=distance between foci length of major axis
= 3.8 cm 7.7 cm
=.494
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Rotation
Think SPINNING360°, 24 hoursCoriolis Effect– winds
deflect to the right in the northern hemisphere
Foucault Pendulum—changes the direction of swing of the pendulum
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Revolution
The orbiting of the Earth around the Sun360°/365 days = ~1° per dayThe Earth’s axis is always pointed at the
same place
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Seasons of the Year
Earth revolves around the Sun
Earth is tilted/inclined on its axis 23.5°
Earth’s axis is always pointed in the same direction
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September 21st (Fall)
March 21st (Spring)
June21st
December21st
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Phases of the Moon
Caused by the Moon’s revolution around Earth and reflection on Sun
•The moon revolvesat the same speedthat it rotates so weare always lookingat the same face of the moon.
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Moon’s Revolution
1 month or 29.5 days
Moon’s Rotation
•Rotation equals its revolution
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ECLIPSES
Lunar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse
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1. Winter2. Spring3. Summer4. Fall
Earth is farthest from the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere’s summer, and Earth is closest to the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere’s winter. During which season in the Northern Hemisphere is Earth’s orbital velocity greatest?
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1. the Moon spins on its axis 2. Earth spins on its axis 3. the Moon travels in an orbit around Earth 4. Earth travels in an orbit around the Sun
Surface ocean currents curve to the right in the Northern Hemisphere because
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1. redshift of light from distant galaxies 1. redshift of light from distant galaxies 2. apparent shape of star constellations 2. apparent shape of star constellations 3. presence of volcanoes on Earth 3. presence of volcanoes on Earth 4. presence of craters on Earth’s Moon4. presence of craters on Earth’s Moon
The Big Bang Theory, describing thecreation of the universe, is most directlysupported by the
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1. A 1. A 2. B 2. B 3. C 3. C 4. D4. D
Which lettered arrow represents the motion that causes the Moon to show phases when viewed from Earth?
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Which graph best represents the force of gravity between Earth and the Sun during one revolution of Earth around the Sun?
A. C.
D.B.
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The diagram below shows the Moon orbiting Earth, as viewed from space above Earth’s North Pole. The Moon is shown at eight positions in its orbit.
Spring ocean tides occur when the difference in height between high tide and low tide is greatest. At which two positions of the Moon will spring tides occur on Earth?
A. 3 and 7 B. 2 and 6C. 1 and 5 D. 4 and 8
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1. Pluto 2. Mercury 3. Saturn 4. Mars
Which planet has an orbital eccentricity most
like the orbital eccentricity of the Moon?