astronomy intro to - science with dr....
TRANSCRIPT
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Intro to Astronomy
9/11/2017
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Essential QuestionHow does our planet move within
our galaxy?
Pregunta esencial para esta semana: ¿Cómo se mueve nuestro planeta
dentro de nuestra galaxia?
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How does the Earth move?What do we already know about
the way the earth moves?
¿Qué sabemos de la forma en que se mueve la Tierra?
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How does the Earth move?Let’s look at a few models for ideas
Echemos un vistazo a algunos modelos de ideas
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Remember the Scientific Method?
What’s the first step?
Second Step?
Third Step?
¿Cuál es el primer paso?
¿Segundo paso?
¿Tercer paso?
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Johannes Kepler and Planetary Motion
Kepler wondered how planets moved (Step 1)
He then collected information
Kepler se preguntaba cómo se movían los planetas (Paso 1)
Luego recogió información
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Understanding Planetary MotionStep 2: Collect Information
Early beliefs (1500s):
● the Earth is the center of the universe
● Orbits are circular● There was data available
that showed the position of the planets and stars
Paso 2: recopilar información
Creencias tempranas (1500s):
● la tierra es el centro del universo
● Las órbitas son circulares● Había datos disponibles
que mostraban la posición de los planetas y las estrellas
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Understanding Planetary MotionStep 3/4: Form and Test Hypothesis
● Let’s write his hypothesis:
(remember the format)
● Using data from T. Brahe - he studied the positions of the stars and planets○ Observational study
Paso 3/4: Forma y prueba de la hipótesis
Vamos a escribir su hipótesis:
(recuerde el formato)
Utilizando datos de T. Brahe - estudió las posiciones de las
estrellas y los planetas
Estudio observacional
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Understanding Planetary MotionStep 5/6: Draw Conclusions and Report Results
● Kepler published three Laws to explain the way planets move in space
Paso 5/6: Dibujar conclusiones y reportar resultados
● Kepler publicó tres Leyes para explicar la forma en que los planetas se mueven en el espacio
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Kepler’s 1st Law
Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
Los planetas se mueven en órbitas elípticas con el Sol en un foco.
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Kepler’s 1st Law: Law of Ellipses
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Why does the Earth move in an ellipse?● An ellipse is an oval-shaped
figure whose shape is determined by 2 foci.
● The Sun is at one focus planet’s orbit; the second focus is empty because of the gravitational pull.
● An ellipse is an oval-shaped figure whose shape is determined by 2 foci.
● The Sun is at one focus planet’s orbit; the second focus is empty because of the gravitational pull.
● An ellipse is an oval-shaped figure whose shape is determined by 2 foci.
● The Sun is at one focus planet’s orbit; the second focus is empty because of the gravitational pull.
● Una elipse es una figura de forma oval cuya forma está determinada por 2 focos.
● El Sol está en la órbita de un planeta de foco; el segundo foco está vacío debido a la atracción gravitatoria.
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How does the Earth move? ¿Cómo se mueve la Tierra?1. Rotation
2. Revolution
3. Precession
4. Nutation
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Rotation● Rotates = spins.
● 1 rotation=24 hours/ 1 day
DAYwarmer
NIGHTcooler
● Gira = giros.
● 1 rotación = 24 horas / 1 día
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Revolution•Revolves (orbits around) the sun
•1 revolution= 365 days/ 1 year
•Revuelve (las órbitas alrededor) el sol
•1 revolución = 365 días / 1 año•
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Precession● The change in direction of the
axis of the Earth, but without any change in tilt
● 1 precessional cycle: approximately 26,000 years
● El cambio de dirección del eje de la Tierra, pero sin ningún cambio en la inclinación
● 1 ciclo precesional: aproximadamente 26.000 años
●
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Just like a spinning top!After viewing the videos, write in where you see precession:
Después de ver los videos, escribe en donde ves precesión:
http://vimeo.com/3110658
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AC5HuGGIX7k
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NutationWhat do you notice about
the movement of the Earth?
¿Qué notan sobre el movimiento de la Tierra?
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Nutation● The wobbling/swaying
motion during the precession of our axis.
● This causes a 1 degree change in the tilt of the Earth’s axis.
● Movimiento oscilante / oscilante durante la precesión de nuestro eje.
● Esto causa un cambio de 1 grado en la inclinación del eje de la Tierra.
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Nutation
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Kepler’s 2nd law
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Which side is faster? ¿Qué lado es más rápido?
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The time it takes to REVOLVE around the Sun = the distance from the Sun.
The farther you are from the sun, the longer it takes to get around the sun.
Kepler’s 3rd Law of Planetary Motion
El tiempo que toma REVOLVER alrededor del Sol = la distancia desde el Sol.
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Just like a track!
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The Earth takes ___________ (longer/shorter) than Mercury to revolve around the sun.
La Tierra toma ___________ (más largo / más corto) que Mercurio para girar alrededor del sol.
For example: Earth
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Explaining the Seasons
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• Why does rotation and precession matter?→It allows us to have Day/Night→It allows us to have Seasons
WinterSummer FallSpring
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¿Por qué es importante la rotación y la precesión?
→ Nos permite tener Día / Noche→ Nos permite tener Temporadas
WinterSummer FallSpring
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• Winter• When the Earth is tilted away from the sun.• Coldest temperatures
Top tilted away from sun= winter
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• Invierno• Cuando la Tierra está inclinada lejos del sol.• Temperaturas más frías
Top inclinado lejos del sol =
invierno
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• Spring• Moderate (medium)
temperatures• Starts cold and gets
warmer as that part of Earth is tilted toward the sun
Beginning to be tilted
toward the sun= spring
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• Primavera• Temperaturas moderadas
(medianas)• Comienza frío y se hace más
caliente como esa parte de la Tierra está inclinada hacia el sol
Empieza a inclinarse
hacia el sol = primavera
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• Summer• When the Earth is titled toward the
sun.• Warmest temperatures
Top titled toward the
sun= summer
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• Verano• Cuando la Tierra está inclinada hacia el
sol.• Las temperaturas más cálidas
Top inclinado hacia el sol =
verano
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Autumn (fall)• Moderate
temperatures• Starts warm and gets
cooler as that part of Earth is tilted away from the sun
Beginning to be tilted away from the sun=
Fall
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• Caída del otoño• Temperaturas
moderadas• Comienza caliente y
se enfría como parte de la Tierra se inclina lejos del sol
•
Empieza a inclinarse lejos
del sol = Caída
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*
Earth’s Hemispheres
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
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*
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Fission and Fusion
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Today’s Objective:Explain how the sun produces energy to
the Earth by radiation by comparing and contrasting fission and fusion.
Objetivo de hoy:Explique cómo el sol produce energía a
la Tierra mediante la radiación comparando y contrastando la fisión y
la fusión.
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Do Now: Why does the sun shine?
Do Now: ¿Por qué brilla el sol?
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The Sun
What do you know? / ¿Que sabes?
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The SunA large star made out of gas and plasma
that provides all the energy necessary to sustain life on Earth.
Una gran estrella hecha de gas y plasma que proporciona toda la energía necesaria para mantener la vida en la Tierra.
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Where is the Sun in our galaxy?¿Dónde está el Sol en nuestra galaxia?
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What is the relationship between the Sun and Earth?
● The sun gives us day and night, the seasons, time, food, water, and air.
● El sol nos da día y noche, las estaciones, el tiempo, la comida, el agua y el aire.
¿Cuál es la relación entre el Sol y la Tierra?
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So… Why does the sun shine?Entonces ... ¿Por qué brilla el sol?
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Inside the Sun: A Deeper Lookhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOErr4
xntHE&feature=relatedAnswer these questions (on the board):
1. What is the sun made out of?2. How many earth’s can fit inside the sun?3. How much power does the sun produce?4. How does the sun generate its energy?
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#3.20 Aim:How does
the sun make
energy?
AgendaQOD (5)
Lesson: solar
power (15)
Activity: passive
and active solar (15)
Summary(5)
HW #27
2. The masses come together to produce energy.
Fusion1. The sun turns 2 hydrogens into 1 helium
3. The conditions need to be VERY dense and high temperatures.
4. Fusion produces 4 times more energy than nuclear fission. Ex. Hydrogen Bomb.
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Solar RadiationRadiation: is the transfer of Sun’s energy
(heat) to the Earth
Radiación: es la transferencia de la energía del Sol (calor) a la Tierra
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Solar Radiation• 50% Energy is absorbed on Earth’s surface
–50% La energía se absorbe en la superficie de la Tierra
• 20 % Energy is absorbed by air and clouds.–20% La energía es absorbida por el aire y las nubes.
• 30% Energy is reflected back into space. –30% La energía se refleja de nuevo en el espacio.
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What types of radiation do we experience on Earth?
¿Qué tipos de radiación experimentamos en la Tierra?
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Types of Energy Produced by the Sun
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Kepler’s law and BarycenterBarycenter- is the center of mass between two points.
All bodies (planets, the sun) in our solar system revolve around a barycenter.
Barycenter- es el centro de masa entre dos puntos.
Todos los cuerpos (planetas, el sol) en nuestro sistema solar giran alrededor de un baricentro.
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Center of Mass
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So what does this mean?●
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orbit4.gif
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Where is the barycenter located?For two objects that are of different masses, the barycenter is CLOSER to the one with MORE mass.
Para dos objetos que son de diferentes masas, el barycenter es más CERCA a la que tiene más masa.