8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

1/68

Jliy|my 97^cl Ke|ydm` eJ J`ohc^ VmJl^ Je|dnm^oed

MlyeVmjl~x e y ` n

YE@@IMFAED JODM@

IM 888 V\JJLYV OFL I@EFAMH

Y\DXM_ VMJL^_

B`~"` ve`~edv

CL@OFEW^LY MD^O"OFL

Vcnndh ~c jev~dh

HYMZO^_ XMZLV

odzv` x~c wcdebd

VL@@ODH VBV

Bnn` bdhbd~ ff`

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2/68Mvomd I|vodlvv Mzom~oed Mvvefom~oedMvIMM

V O D H M W E

M Z O M ^ O E

M F M N L B

^enmv ilv^ vmjl^ wymf^oflv jey ^cl mvom wmfojof ylhoed$

^cl ymwon hyex~c ej i|vodlvv mzom~oed

od ~cl Mvom Wmfojof ylhoed ylwylvld~v

ewwey~|do~ jey eyhmdo{m~oedv mdn

dm~oedm` lfedebolv$

Mv e~cly ylhoedv cmzl novfezlyln,

cexlzly, lswmdvoed ov m`ve m vmjl~

fcm``ldhl$ Jey~|dm~l`, i|vodlvv mzom~oed

cmv m`ylmn nlzl`ewln ilv~ wymf~oflv ~cm~

fmd il mww`oln od Mvom Wmfojof$

IMVV"Mvomov m dlx vmjl~ vlbodmy,

vwedveyln i je|y `lmnodh eyhmdo{m~oedv

~e ~ymdvbo~ wymf~ofmi`l adex`lnhl mdn

~lfcdo}|lv v|wwey~odh vmjl j`ohc~$

^e ylhov~ly ey ~e vll m wyl`obodmy

mhldnm, he ~e 0c~~w;%%j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh%

mzom~oed"vmjl~"vlbodmyv%i|vodlvv"

mzom~oed"vmjl~"vlbodmy"mvom"97=74$

I|vodlvv Mzom~oed Vmjl~ Vlbodmy"Mvom

IMVV"Mvom m =6=>, 97=7f Z``, v

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xxx$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh pMlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

Wylvonld~vBlVVMhl

`mv~ lmyv fymvc ej m Fe`hmd Moy Iebimynoly

]>77 m~ I|jjm`e, Dlx _eya, \$V$, ov cmzodh

}|o~l md ljjlf~$ O~ ov m`ylmn nyozodh fcmdhlv

od ~cl xm ~cl odn|v~y eeav m~ jm~oh|l mdn

lzld~|m`` o~ xo`` cmzl m ioh ljjlf~ ed ~cl xm xl

~ymod mdn }|m`oj wo`e~v$ Mv obwey~md~ mv ~cevlmyl, O cewl ~cl mffonld~ iyodhv m~ `lmv~ edl beyl

ioh ovv|l |w jey w|i`of nlim~l; ~cl yl`m~oedvcow ej

vmjl~, omio`o~ mdn fenl vcmylv$

Dexclyl od ~cl xey`n ov ~cl vfewl ej ~cov yl"

`m~oedvcow iohhly ~cmd od ~cl \$V$ ylhoedm` moy`odl

odn|v~y$ ^cl \$V$ Dm~oedm` ^ymdvwey~m~oed Vmjl~

Iemyn mdn ~cl \$V$ Fedhylvv myl ed~e ~cov dex, mdn

~cl myl de~ heodh ~e l~ ~cov ovv|l he |dmnnylvvln$

O cewl ~cl myl ylmn ~e mva ~cl nojjof|`~ }|lv~oedv

mdn de~ `eea jey we`o~ofm` }|ofa joslv$

Lzlyedl ~m`av mie|~ ~cl edl `lzl` ej vmjl~

hem` jey m`` moy fmyyolyv$ I|~ ~cl ~y|~c ov ~cm~ yl"

hoedm` ewlym~eyv vmjl~ zmyolv vohdojofmd~`$ Vlzlym`

ej ~clvl ewlym~eyv cmzl xey`n"f`mvv vmjl~ vv~lbv1

e~clyv v~y|hh`l xo~c ~cl bev~ imvof febw`omdfl

ovv|lv$ ^cl deybm` ylvwedvl ~e ~cov obim`mdfl ov

~e i`mbl ~cl ylh|`m~ey, i|~ O v|hhlv~ ~cm~ vey~ ej

ylvwedvl ov novodhld|e|v mdn mzeonv ~cl ylm` ovv|l

ej cex ~cov odn|v~y ov v~y|f~|yln$

Bmkey moy`odlv ~ymdvjly ej ~ymjjof ~e ylhoedm`

moy`odlv cmv m`xmv illd mie|~ yln|fodh fev~v$

Ylhoedm`v ewlym~l |dnly fed~ymf~v ~cm~ ei`ohm~l

~clb ~e j` m hozld vl~ ej j`ohc~v jey ~cl bmod"`odl

fmyyoly$ O~ nelvd~ bm~~ly ~e ~cl ylhoedm`v oj ~cl

j`ohc~v j` j|`` ey lbw~1 ~cl cmzl de fed~ye` ezly

ylzld|l$ M`` ~cl fmd fed~ye` myl fev~v, mdn oj ~cl

ned~ ne ~cm~ ~clyl ov m =77 wlyfld~ fcmdfl ~cl xo``

he e|~ ej i|vodlvv$

M ylhoedm` ~cm~ f|~v feydlyv ed vmjl~ cmv mie|~

m edl od 9 bo``oed fcmdfl ej cmzodh md mffonld~$

V|fc md mffonld~ bm ey bm de~ ~mal ~cl moy`odl

e|~ ej i|vodlvv$ ^clyl ov m wexlyj|` lfedebof

odfld~ozl ~e bll~ bodob|b JMM yl}|oylbld~v

m~ ~cl `exlv~ wevvoi`l fev~$ Od ~cov lfedebof

ldzoyedbld~, vmjl~ fmdde~ il m wyoeyo~ |d`lvv

`lmnlyv w|vc jey o~$ O xeyy mie|~ m vv~lb xclylvmjl~ ov fmyyoln ed clyelv imfav$

^cl bmod"`odl fmyyolyv cmzl ~cl wexly ~e od"

fld~ozo{l vmjl~, i|~ ~cm~ nelvd~ m`xmv cmwwld$

Vebl fmyyolyv xeya no`ohld~` ~e ymovl ~cl vmjl~

`lzl` ej ~cloy fenl vcmyl wmy~dlyv$ O fmd ed` ls"

w`mod ~cov mv beyl clyeovb ilfm|vl ~cl ned~ cmzl

m i|vodlvv ylmved ~e ne ~cov$ ^cl vbmy~ i|vodlvv

bezl jey m bmkey fmyyoly mdn ~cl xm vebl

fceevl ~e ne o~ ov ~e ~mal m cmdnv"ejj we`of

ylhmynodh ~cl vmjl~ ej ~cloy fenl vcmyl wmy~dly

mdn nlf`myl ~cm~ oj ~cl JMM cmvd~ vc|~ ~clb nexd,

~cl b|v~ il vmjl$ On vm ~cm~ wevo~oed mwwlmyv

oyylvwedvoi`l ~e ~cl j`odh w|i`of, i|~ o~ bohc~ il

~cl yohc~ mdvxly jey ~cl v~eface`nlyv, obo~odh ew"

lym~oedm` fev~v lzly nm mdn v~eface`nly omio`o~

od ~cl lzld~ ej m fymvc$

Oj Fedhylvv xmd~v ~e cmzl md ljjlf~, o~ vce|`n

jef|v ed ~clvl j|dnmbld~m` ovv|lv$ Vbm`` fcmdhlv

od ~cl odfld~ozl vfclblv xo`` cmzl beyl ljjlf~ ~cmd

mde~cly =77 y|`lv ey =7,777 odvwlf~eyv$ Oj e| yl"

m`` xmd~ edl lzl` ej vmjl~, ~cld eea jey xmv ~e

bmal vmjl~ md lfedebof wyoeyo~ mdn de~ k|v~ m

beym` obwlym~ozl$

Xo``omb Y$ Zevv

Wylvonld~ mdn FLE

J`ohc~ Vmjl~ Je|dnm~oed

ov~y|f~|ym`

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j`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=79

p

jlm~|ylv=> y|dxmv p B|`~o"@mly Nljldvlv

97 Fzv p Vdexim``v od ~cl J|l` Vv~lb

9> C`ofwv p Imn Zoiym~oedv

9? Vmhofo p Fclfaodh ~cl @ov~

69 jewv p Hymzo~ Xmzlv

6: j~mododh p Onlm Vlmyfc

>= oVohc p VBV jey ~cl Bonn`l Bmdmhly

nlwmy~bld~v= WBvvmh p V~y|f~|ym` Ovv|lv

9>

fed~ld~v Jliy|my97=7Z < o =

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MlyeVmjl~XEY@Nwd; != 876$86?$:877

Xo``omb Y$ Zvv, w|i`ovcly,JVJ wylvonld~ mdn FLEzG$

K$M$ Ndhc|l, lno~ey"od"fcol,JVJ noylf~ey e w|i`ofm~oedvdG$, s$ ==:

Bma @mfmhdodm, vldoey lno~eyfddG$, s$ ==>

Xmdl Yvldamdv, vldoey lno~eydadG$, s$ == : Nmm`dap V`owwly Xcld Xl~

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xxx$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh pMlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

lno~eyoM`wmhl

xl vwldn bev~ ej e|y ~obl ~coda"

odh, ~m`aodh mdn xyo~odh mie|~v~ym~lholv ~cm~ xo`` nlfylmvl ~cl

yova ej md mzom~oed mffonld~1

od~yevwlf~oed hldlym`` ov fedjodln ~e ~cl

mnl}|mf ej e|y ljjey~v$ Od ~cl wmv~ vlzlym`

xllav, cexlzly, Ozl ~xofl illd ylbodnln

xcm~ md ls~ymeynodmy mfcolzlbld~ ~cl

mzom~oed febb|do~ cmv mffebw`ovcln$

Joyv~ xmv m ylwey~ ed ~cl ljjey~ ~e

od~yen|fl fclfa`ov~v od~e cevwo~m` ewlym~"

odh yeebv$ Nlvwo~l =77,777 wev~"v|yhofm`

nlm~cv od ~cl \do~ln V~m~lv m`edl lmfc

lmy, ~cl blnofm` febb|do~ cmv illd

yl~ofld~ ~e m`~ly ~ymno~oedm` xmv$

^cl fclfa`ov~ mwwyemfc, fcmbwoedln

i Ny$ M~|` Hmxmdnl od cov ieea, ^cl

Fclfa`ov~ Bmdojlv~e; Cex ~e Hl~ ^codhv

Yohc~, ov ilodh |vln od jlxly ~cmd edl"

}|my~ly ej \$V$ cevwo~m`v$

^cl fclfa`ov~v nl~mo` bev~` vobw`l

~codhv, v|fc mv bmaodh v|yl m`` dlflvvmy

v~mjj ov wylvld~, ylzolxodh ~cl wyefln|yl

iljeyl ~cl f|~~odh ilhodv m `e~ `oal

iyoljodh jey md mwwyemfc mdn lzld

ldv|yodh ~cl wylvldfl ej v|ww`olv ~cm~

bohc~ il dllnln, v|fc mv ls~ym i`een$

^cl wyeflvv vllbv zly vobo`my ~e fylx

ylve|yfl bmdmhlbld~$

M ~lv~ od lohc~ cevwo~m`v mye|dn ~cl

xey`n vcexln ~cl vmbl ylv|`~v od nlzl`ew"

odh dm~oedv mdn ~cl joyv~ xey`n, m edl"~coyn

yln|f~oed od wev~"v|yhofm` febw`ofm~oedv

mdn m nlf`odl od wm~old~ bey~m`o~$ Cex"lzly, 97 wlyfld~ ej v|yhledv v~o`` ~coda

~cl ~xe"bod|~l fclfa`ov~v myl m xmv~l

ej ~obl, Hmxmdnl vmv$ \vodh fefawo~

fclfa`ov~v mv cov benl`, Hmxmdnl vllbv ~e

il`olzl ~cm~ oj fmw~modv fmd il fedzodfln

~cl bohc~ il jm``oi`l, wlycmwv nef~eyv

~codaodh fmd il `oalxovl vxmln$

Xco`l ~cl blnofm` febb|do~ m~

`lmv~ ov bezodh ~exmynv xcm~ xl fedvonly

ve|dn vmjl~ wymf~oflv, b cebl~exd

ymwon ~ymdvo~ mhldf, Xmvcodh~ed Bl~ye,

cmv v|jjlyln m v|fflvvoed ej jm~m` mffonld~v

mdn vllbv |dmi`l ~e |dnlyv~mdn xc ~cov

ov cmwwldodh$ M Dm~oedm` ^ymdvwey~m~oed

Vmjl~ Iemyn #D^VI/ clmyodh od~e m jm~m`

v|ixm ~ymod fymvc od K|dl 977?, ao``odh

md ewlym~ey mdn lohc~ wmvvldhlyv, bmnl

o~ f`lmy ~cm~ Bl~ye `mfav dlmy` m`` ej ~cl

~ee`v ~cl mzom~oed febb|do~ dex fed"

vonlyv lvvld~om`$ D^VI cmv odzlv~ohm~ln

lohc~ Bl~ye mffonld~v vodfl 977>, mdn

je|y lbw`ellv cmzl noln od ~ymfa mffo"

nld~v vodfl ~cl K|dl mffonld~$

Bl~yev vmjl~ bmdmhly ~lv~ojoln ~cm~

~clyl ov de wyeflvv jey fe``lf~odh ey mdm"

`{odh vmjl~ nm~m1 ~cl ezlym`` bmdmhly

ej ~cl ewlym~oed, dex ed cov xm e|~,

non de~ vll vmjl~ ylwey~v |d~o` mj~ly ~cl

ioh mffonld~ mv~ lmy mdn, nlvwo~l ewlym"

~eyv ilodh ylwlm~ln` je|dn od ze`|d~my

dedfebw`omdfl xo~c ewlym~odh y|`lv,

bmd ylwey~ ~cm~ m w|do~ozl vmjl~ ylwey~"odh f|`~|yl novfe|ymhlv wmy~ofowm~oed$

Bl~ye Fcmoybmd Wl~ly Ildkmbod

bodobo{ln bmdmhlbld~v ye`l od lv~mi"

`ovcodh m heen vmjl~ f|`~|yl, vmodh, ^cl

ilv~ xm ~e fcmdhl m f|`~|yl ov ~e xeya

jyeb ~cl ie~~eb |w$

^cov ov de~ cmwwldodh od vebl vbm``,

ylbe~l `efm~oed1 ~cov mhldf y|dv ~ymodv

mdn i|vlv od ~cl fmwo~m` ej ~cl \do~ln

V~m~lv, odf`|nodh m v~m~oed od ~cl i|o`nodh

~cm~ ce|vlv D^VI$

^cl mzom~oed vmjl~ febb|do~, nlno"

fm~ln ~e hl~~odh il~~ly mdn il~~ly, ymyl`

wm|vlv ~e ylj`lf~ ed mfcolzlbld~v, `eea"

odh, odv~lmn, m~ m`` ~cm~ ylbmodv ~e il nedl$

O ~coda o~ ov obwey~md~ effmvoedm`` ~e

ylj`lf~ ed ~cl mbm{odh wyehylvv ~cm~ cmv

illd bmnl, wevo~ozl ylodjeyflbld~ be~o"

zm~odh j|~|yl wyehylvv$ Cexlzly, O vcmal

b clmn od xednly mie|~ xc ~clvl lv"

vedv fmdde~ beyl lmvo` il wmvvln m`edh

jey ~cl ildljo~ ej ~cl ylv~ ej fozo`o{m~oed$

K$M$ Nedehc|l

Lno~ey"od"Fcolj

MlyeVmjl~ Xey`n

wevo~ozl

yfd

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:

pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyevMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

^cl Mzom~oed Fedv|`~odh Hye|w ov m h`eim` `lmnly od mzom~oed

~ymododh mdn fedv|`~odh, od i|vodlvv jey beyl ~cmd =7 lmyv$

Wyejlvvoedm ovb mdn febb|dofm~oed myl e|y cohclv~ wyoeyo~olv

mdn xl ~ylm~ lmfc f`old~ mv wmy~ ej e|y jmbo`$

Xcm~ Xl Ne

^MFHv nozlyvojoln wey~je`oe ej mzom~oed vmjl~ mdn vlf|yo~ ~ymododh

mdn fedv|`~odh vlyzoflv odf`|nlv;

ie~~eb;c|{|y%ov~efawce~e

~ew;Bm~~edobmhlv

jvjvbodm 97=7 Lscoio~ mdn Vwedveyvcow Ewwey~|do~olv Mzmo`mi`lFmvv 97=7Bm ===6, 97=7

j v j d i mz mf$7389

\wfebodh Fe|yvlv

Nm~l Fe|yvl @efm~oed Ylhov~ym~oed F`evlv

Mwyo` =?97, 97=7 C|bmd Jmf~eyv 9"Nm Odo~om`+ Vmd K|md, W|ly~e Yofe Bmyfc 6=, 97=7

Mwyo` =?9=, 97=7 C|bmd Jmf~eyv 6"Nm ymod"~cl " ymodly+ Vmd K|md, W|ly~e Yofe Bmyfc 6=, 97=7

M|h|v~ ?=7, 97=7 C|bmd Jmf~eyv 9"Nm Odo~om` Vndl, M|v~ym`om ^IN

M|h|v~ ?==, 97=7 C|bmd Jmf~eyv 6"Nm ymod"~cl " ymodly Vndl, M|v~ym`om ^IN

M|h|v~ =9, 97=7 C|bmd Jmf~eyv ="Nm Ylf|yyld~ Vndl, M|v~ym`om ^IN

+ Fedvonly febiododh ~cov fe|yvl xo~c e|y Vmjl~ Bmdmhlbld~ Vv~lbv fe|yvl ~cl vmbl xlla$

C|bmd Jmf~eyv

Vmjl~Bmdmhlbld~Vv~lbv

FylxYlve|yflBmdmhlbld~

@odlEwlym~oedvVmjl~M|no~%^cylm~ mdn Lyyey Bmdmhlbld~

M|no~odh

Lswly~Xo~dlvv

Mzom~oedVlf|yo~mdn

Fe|d~ly"^lyyeyovb

YlvlmyfcMvvov~mdfl

vm;v`f eD

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xxx$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

vmjl~fM`ldnMy

FM@@ JEY WMWLYV >=v~ Mdd|m` Vlbodmy

ej ~cl Od~lydm~oedm` Vefol~ ej Moy Vmjl~

Odzlv~ohm~eyv$ Vmwweye, Kmwmd, Vlw~$ :?$ Iei

Bm~~clxv, 0iei$bm~~clxvGmm$hez4$

FM@@ JEY WYLVLD^M^OEDV MDN

WMDL@OV^V Vcmyln Zovoed ej Mzom~oed

Vmjl~ Fedjlyldfl$ \$V$ Jlnlym` Mzom~oedMnbodov~ym~oed$ K|dl =6$ Vmd Nolhe$ @|f

Lynl`mf, 0`lynl`mfG|~yv$feb4, 0xxx$m}w"

e}m$feb%Fedlyldflv%97=7%odnls$c~b`4,

!= 9=: Mdd|m` Ylwmoy Vbwevo|b$

Mlyedm|~ofm` Ylwmoy V~m~oed Mvvefom~oed$ My`odh~ed,

Zoyhodom, \$V$ 0myvmGmyvm$eyh4, 0xxx$myvm$eyh%

denl%9984, != 876$86?$?6$

BMYFC 3== Vmjl~ Bmdmhlbld~ Fe|yvl$

VfmdnoMzom$ V~eface`b$ Bey~ld Akl``lvzoh,

0bey~ldGvfmdnomzom$dl~4, 0xxx$vfmdnomzom$

dl~4, !>8 ?= =3 >= 39$

BMYFC ?== Bmdmhodh C|bmd Lyyey

od Febw`ls Vv~lbv Xeyavcew$ Xolhbmdd,

Vcmwwl`` * Mvvefom~lv$ M`lsmdnyom, Zoyhodom, \$V$

0xxx$cmfv$feb4, 377 697$7366$

BMYFC ?== M^F H`eim` Lscoio~oed

mdn Fedjlyldfl$ \do~ln I|vodlvv Blnom$

Mbv~lynmb$ 0xxx$m~flzld~v$feb%M F=7%

Xlivo~l%CeblWmhl$mvws5ylly2=*on2bmod@da=4,

!>> #7/97 8?9= 3>

#7/=98: 3= 39$

BMYFC =:=8 Vmjl~ Bmdmhlbld~

Vv~lbv Ezlyzolx Fe|yvl mdn Xeyavcew$

M F Zmd~mhl$ mbwm, J`eyonm, \$V$ 0ylhov~ym~oedvGm~fzmd~mhl$feb4, 0xxx$m~fzmd~mhl$feb%vbv"

xeyavcew"Bmyfc$c~b`4, != 898$>=7$>8$7389 #\$V$

mdn Fmdmnm/, != ?$376$8 ?= =3 >= 39$

Mzom~oed vmjl~ lzld~ febodh |w5

^l`` odn|v~y `lmnlyv mie|~ o~$

O e| cmzl m vml~"yl`m~ln fedlyldfl,

vlbodmy ey bll~odh, xl`` ov~ o~$ Hl~ ~cl

odeybm~oed ~e |v lmy` xl`` allw o~ed ~cl fm`ldnmy |d~o` ~cl ovv|l nm~ln ~cl

bed~c e ~cl lzld~$ Vldn ov~odhv ~e Yofa

Nmyi m~ J`ohc~ Vml~ Je|dnm~oed, :7=

Bmnoved V~$, V|o~l 677, M`lsmdnyom, ZM 996=>"

=8

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BbH|onlJc Vm J|mCm}|mv; :7= Bmv V$, V| 677, Msmm, ZM, 996=>"=8

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xxx$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

odIyolj

~cl d|bily ej mzom~oed mffonld~v od L|yewl odze`zodh moy ~ymjjof bmdmhl"

bld~ #M^B/ ov nlfylmvodh, mffeynodh ~e m ylwey~ i ~cl L|yefed~ye` Vmjl~Ylh|`m~oed Febbovvoed$

^cl febbovvoedv mdd|m` vmjl~ ylwey~ vmon ~cm~ od 977?, de jm~m` mffonld~v

xlyl noylf~` odn|fln i M^B1 md odnoylf~ M^B fed~yoi|~oed xmv ylwey~ln od

~xe dedjm~m` mffonld~v$

^cov fed~od|lv m ~yldn vlld ezly ylfld~ lmyv xclyl ~cl d|bily ej M^B"

yl`m~ln mffonld~v cmv nlfylmvln lmy"ed"lmy, L|yefed~ye` vmon$ cl mhldf mnnln,

cexlzly, ~cm~ wyehylvv ~exmyn j|`` mffonld~ ylwey~odh i v~m~lv ov ~ee v`ex mdn ~cm~

beyl nl~mo`ln yova mdm`vov ov dlflvvmy$

^cl ylwey~ m`ve fyo~ofo{ln ~cl `mfa ej j|dnodh mdn ylve|yflv m~ dm~oedm`

v|wlyzovey m|~ceyo~olv ~cm~ ezlyvll mzom~oed vmjl~ wyeflvvlv od odnozon|m`

L|yewlmd fe|d~yolv, de~odh ~cm~ ~cl lbwcmvov ed vmjl~ b|v~ fed~od|l nlvwo~l

i|nhl~my wylvv|ylv$

O~ ov f`lmy ~cm~ od ~cl j|~|yl,vmjl~ xo`` il ~lv~ln lzld beyl yoh"

eye|v`, vmon Kev Xo`iyoda, fcmoy"

bmd ej ~cl febbovvoed$ Xco`l ~cl

ezlym`` vo~|m~oed ov obwyezodh ed m

`edh"~lyb imvov, od eynly ~e bll~

~cl ~ldje`n vmjl~ obwyezlbld~ mob

ej ~cl Vodh`l L|yewlmd Va, j|y~cly

ljjey~v xo`` il dllnln$

Nlfylmvl Vlld od M^B @oda ~e Mffonld~v

~cl \$V$ Dm~oedm` ^ymdvwey~m~oedVmjl~ Iemyn #D^VI/ cmv mnnln mdlx mzom~oed ovv|l ~e o~v |wnm~lnBev~ Xmd~ln @ov~ ej ^ymdvwey~m~oed

Vmjl~ Obwyezlbld~v$

^cl dlx ld~y fm``v jey obwyezln

ezlyvohc~ ej wo`e~ wyejofoldf mdn fyo~ofo{lv

~cl \$V$ Jlnlym` Mzom~oed Mnbodov~ym~oed

#JMM/ jey xcm~ ~cl D^VI fcmymf~lyo{lv

mv md |dmfflw~mi`l ylvwedvl ~e ~xe 977, mdn od

977:, OFME blbily v~m~lv mhylln ~e

wev~ ~cl v|bbmy ylv|`~v ej \VEMW

m|no~v ed ~cl OFME Xli vo~l$ Cl fm``ln

~cm~ mhyllbld~ ~mfo~ ylfehdo~oed ~cm~

~ymdvwmyldf ov j|dnmbld~m` ~e m vmjl

moy ~ymdvwey~ vv~lb$

Fed~od|e|v Bedo~eyodh

moyfymj~ Ldhodllyv Od~lydm~oedm`#MLO/, xcofc ylwylvld~v mzom~oedbmod~ldmdfl wlyveddl`, cmv fm``lned ~cl L|yewlmd Febbovvoed ~e bmal

w|i`of vmjl~ nm~m odze`zodh ~cl mzom~oed

ewlym~oedv |dnly o~v k|yovnof~oed$

MLO mf~ln od ylvwedvl ~e m w|i`ovcln

ylwey~ ~cm~ odnofm~ln ~cm~ :

8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

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=9 pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

odIyolj

md m|noi`l m`ly~ vv~lb cmv illdnlzl`ewln ~e cl`w wylzld~ ~cl|dod~ld~oedm` nlw`ebld~ ejmoyw`mdl lzmf|m~oed v`onlv$ F|y~ovv"

Xyohc~ Fed~ye`v vmv o~v Vbmy~Cmd"

n`l, xcofc fmd il nlvohdln ~e jo~ md

moyfymj~ neey, fmd il wyehymbbln ~e

ovv|l m`ly~v od lo~cly m bm`l ey jlbm`l

zeofl mdn od md `mdh|mhl$ ^cl

Fozo` Moy Dmzohm~oed Vlyzoflv Eyhmdo"

vm~oed #FMDVE/ mdn mzom~oed v~mal"

ce`nlyv ~cye|hce|~ ~cl Bonn`l Lmv~

cmzl vohdln m Bonn`l Lmv~ Nlf`mym"

~oed w`lnhodh ~e xeya jey obwyezln

moy ~ymjjof bmdmhlbld~ od ~cl ylhoed$

Vohdlyv vmon ~cl nlf`mym~oed xo``

wmzl ~cl xm jey cmybedo{m~oed ejmoy dmzohm~oed vlyzoflv$ cl Fozo`

Mzom~oed Vmjl~ M|~ceyo~ ej M|v~ym`om

ov xeyaodh ~e v~mdnmyno{l wyefln|ylv

jey ~cl mlyom` joyljohc~odhodn|v~y,xcofc cmv hyexd vohdojofmd~` od

ylfld~ lmyv$

Od E~cly Dlxv

Febwo`ln mdn lno~ln i @odnm Xlyjl`bmd$

~cl \$V$ Jlnlym` Mzom~oed Mnbodov~ym~oed #JMM/ cmvwyewevln ~xe vlwmym~l fozo` wldm`~olv ~e~m`odh beyl ~cmd.< bo``oed mhmodv~ Mblyofmd Lmh`l Moy`odlv jey jmo`odh~e ldv|yl ~cm~ ~cl xlohc~ ej imhhmhl xmv fm`f|`m~ln wyewly`

mdn jey |vodh moyw`mdlv xo~c `mdnodh hlmy neeyv ~cm~ cmn illd

obwyewly ylwmoyln$

^cl JMM vmon ~cm~, il~xlld Kmd|my mdn Ef~eily 9773, ~cl

moy`odl fedn|f~ln m~ `lmv~ = wmvvldhly"fmyyodh j`ohc~v od xcofc

imhhmhl xlohc~ `ov~ln ed moyw`mdl fmyhe `emn vcll~v novmhylln

xo~c nm~m ld~lyln od~e ~cl febwmdv l`lf~yedof xlohc~ mdn

im`mdfl vv~lb$ Mj~ly Mblyofmd Lmh`l xmv odjeybln ej ~cl wyei"

`lb, ~cl febwmd ewlym~ln m~ `lmv~ 6? j`ohc~v xo~ce|~ feyylf~odh

~cl vo~|m~oed, ~cl JMM vmon$ ^cl wyewevln jodl xmv .9$< bo``oed$

Mblyofmd Lmh`l cmv vodfl ylzovln o~v V~m~oed Ewlym~odh

Bmd|m`~e ldv|yl ~cl fedjoybm~oed ej wyewly xlohc~ mdn im`"

mdfl odjeybm~oed, ~cl JMM vmon$

Od m vlwmym~l mf~oed, ~cl JMM wyewevln m .9$? bo``oed fozo`

wldm`~ mhmodv~ ~cl moy`odl jey ewlym~odh beyl ~cmd =,777 j`ohc~v

xo~c moyw`mdlv ed xcofc obwyewly ylwmoyv cmn illd wlyjeybln

ed `mdnodh hlmy neeyv$ ^cl j`ohc~v eff|yyln il~xlld Jliy|my

mdn Bm 9773 ed je|y Iebimynoly kl~v1 ~cl moyw`mdlv `mdnodh

hlmy neeyv cmn de~ illd ylwmoyln od mffeynmdfl xo~c m 977:

moyxey~codlvv noylf~ozl, xcofc yl}|oyln odvwlf~oedv ej `mdnodh

hlmy neeyv ed vebl Iebimynoly moyw`mdlv jey fymfav ey e~cly

nmbmhl, ylbezm` ej ~cl mjjlf~ln neeyv, mdn odv~m``m~oed ej dlx

ey ylwmoyln neeyv, ~cl JMM vmon$

Mblyofmd Lmh`l je|dn nmbmhln neeyv ed je|y moyw`mdlv,i|~ ym~cly ~cmd ylbezodh ~cl neeyv, ~cl moy`odl ylwmoyln ~clb

xco`l ~cl ylbmodln ed ~cl w`mdlv, ~cl JMM vmon$

Od lmfc odv~mdfl, ~cl moy`odl xmv hozld 67 nmv ~e mwwlm` ~cl

JMM mf~oed$

Wyewevln Wldm`~olv

~cl Fozo` Mzom~oed Vmjl~ M|~ceyo~ej M|v~ym`om #FMVM/ ov fedvonlyodhmf~oed ~cm~ fe|`n lzld~|m`` yl}|oylwo`e~v ej m ymdhl ej moyfymj~ ~e |dnlyhe

bmdnm~ey vob|`m~ey ~ymododh$

^cl mhldf ve`ofo~ln febbld~v jyeb

moyfymj~ ewlym~eyv, wo`e~v mdn j`ohc~ vob|"

`m~ey ~ymododh eyhmdo{m~oedv ed =9 ew~oedv

e|~`odln od m novf|vvoed wmwly ovv|ln od

Nlflbily 977?$ ^cl ew~oedv nojjly od

~cyll mylmv; ~cl ~wl ej ~ymododh mf~ozo~olv ~cm~ vce|`n il fedn|f~ln od m j`ohc~ vob|`m"

~ey, ~cl ~wlv ej moyfymj~ mdn ewlym~oedv ~cm~ xe|`n il mjjlf~ln, mdn ~cl mzmo`mio`o~

mdn `efm~oed ej fly~ojofm~ln ~ymododh nlzoflv$ Febbld~v xlyl n|l i Jli$ =?$

F|yyld~ FMVM ylh|`m~oedv ne de~ yl}|oyl vob|`m~ey ~ymododh$

^cl novf|vvoed wmwly vmon, cexlzly, ~cm~ ~cl }|m`o~ mdn vfewl ej ~ymododh

mzmo`mi`l od m j`ohc~ vob|`m~ey ov v|wlyoey ~e ~cl ~ymododh mzmo`mi`l od md mf~|m`

moyfymj~$ cl mfflvvoio`o~ ej vewcov~ofm~ln vob|`m~eyv cmv ewldln |w dlx mzld|lvej wo`e~ ~ymododh, wlybo~~odh ~cl nlbedv~ym~oed ej dlmy` lzly wevvoi`l lblyhldf

vfldmyoe n|yodh ~cl fe|yvl ej m ~ymododh mdn fclfaodh wyehymb$

^cl novf|vvoed wmwly vmon ~cm~ md dlx vob|`m~ey yl}|oylbld~ xe|`n de~

obwevl mnno~oedm` ~ymododh ~obl1 odv~lmn, vob|`m~ey ~ymododh xe|`n ylw`mfl lsov~odh

febwedld~v ej ~ymododh wyehymbv ~cm~ f|yyld~` myl fedn|f~ln od moyfymj~ mdn

w`mfl ~clb od ~cl vmjly, beyl zlyvm~o`l ldzoyedbld~ ej m j`ohc~ vob|`m~ey$

Bmdnm~ey Vob|`m~ey ^ymododh

Bmd|l` Yefcm%Xoaoblnom

Keynmd ^md%Nylmbv~obl

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LF@OWVODH M@@M^B * M^F LZLD^V>377 ODN\V^Y_ WYEJLVVOEDM@V

JYEB ?: FE\D^YOLV\DO^L JEY ^CL 97^C _LMY

MBV^LYNMB YMO?"== BMYFC 97=7LSCOIO^OED * FEDJLYLDFL

JYLL ZOVO^EY LD ^Y_

977 OD^LYDM^OEDM@ LSCOIO^EYV

YLHOV^LY M^;XXX$M^FLZLD^V$FEB

WYLV^OHOE\V FEDJLYLDFLOBWYEZODH M^B VLYZOFLVOD

FCM@@LDHODH LFEDEBOF ^OBLV

JEY BEYL ODJEYBM^OED MDN

CEX ^E YLHO V^LY HE ^E

XXX$M^FLZLD^V$FEB EYFM@@ !>>#7/978 ?9= 3 pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

y|dxMvmjl~

j`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7=> p

~lfcde`eh"nyozld mdvxlyv ~e c|"

bmd lyyeyv nebodm~ln m Nlflbily

y|dxm vml~ fedlyldfl n|yodh

xcofc wylvld~lyv novf|vvln zmyo"

e|v nl`mv, hmwv, ev~ ewwey~|do~olv mdn

bovv~lwv e fedflyd od ~cl mnzmdfl

e vml~$ Bmd vwlmalyv fm``ln ey

iyemnly, mv~ly mdn `lvv fev~` ve`|~oedv

~cmd ~lfcde`eh m`edl elyv$

Ley~v n|yodh ~cl wmv~ ~cyll lmyv

~e yln|fl L|yewlmd mdn \$V$ yovav e

y|dxm odf|yvoedv, lsf|yvoedv mdn

fed|voed lzld~v cmzl illd od~ldvl,

~cl mhylln$ V~o``, vebl lswlf~ ~cl dls~

yed~oly e yova yln|f~oed ~e yl}|oyl

ezlyfebodh odhymodln bovfedflw~oedv

mie|~ c|bmd wlyeybmdfl mdn lyyeyv$ O

v~mdnmyn ewlym~odh wyefln|ylv |dnly"

lv~obm~l mf~|m` yovav xcld `ohc~ fylxv

~mso yeb ~cl hm~l ~e ~cl y|dxm ey zofl

zlyvm, ~cl mwwmyld~ vml~ bmyhod bm il

md o``|voed, vlzlym` wylvld~lyv v|hhlv~ln

m~ ~cl \$V$ Jlnlym` Mzom~oed Mnbodov~ym"

~oed #JMM/ Od~lydm~oedm` Y|dxm Vml~

V|bbo~ cl`n od Xmvcodh~ed, N$F$

cl \$V$ Dm~oedm` ymdvwey~m"

~oed Vml~ Iemyn #DVI/ xmv mbedh

eyhmdo{m~oedv ~cm~ cmzl ~mfa`ln iyemnly

y|dxm ovv|lv ~cm~ Fcmoybmd Nlie"

ymc Clyvbmd fm``ln mv cm{myne|v mv

y|dxm odf|yvoedv$ cl Q\$V$R y|dxm

odf|yvoed ym~l ezly ~cl `mv~ e|y lmyv

v~mdnv m~ mie|~ vos wly =77,777 ~exly

Vwlfom`ov~v m~ JMM v|bbo~ `eea iledn ~lfcde`eh

~e `m~ld~ mdn fehdo~ozl jyed~olyv ej y|dxm yova yln|f~oed$

B"`Nvv

Iy Xmydl YevldaYmdv

8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

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XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

y|dxMvmjl~

ewlym~oedv, Clyvbmd vmon$ Xco`l ~clvl odf|y"

voedv ylwylvld~ f`evl fm``v mdn myl blmv|yln

od ll~ ym~cly ~cmd od bo`lv, o~ ov de~ n|l ~e

`|fa ~cm~ xl mzly~ novmv~ly ed m nmo` imvov$ O~v

ilfm|vl e yei|v~ wyefln|ylv, vml nlvohdv mdn

xl`` ~ymodln mdn m`ly~ fed~ye``lyv mdn wo`e~v$ Xl oyb` il`olzl ~cm~ ~cl obw`lbld~m~oed e

e|y ylfebbldnm~oedv, vebl e xcofc myl ezly

=7 lmyv e`n, xo`` yln|fl ~cl fcmdflv e y|dxm

fe``ovoedv, ~cl `oal`oceen e m wo`e~ bov~mald`

vl`lf~odh md odfeyylf~ y|dxm ey ~msoxm ey

~cl oal`oceen e md lsf|yvoed$

Vcl fo~ln md |dodovcln DVI odzlv~ohm~oed

od~e m vlyoe|v odfonld~ ~cm~ fm``v od~e }|lv~oed

~cl b|`~ow`l `mlyv e nlldvl$ Ed Ef~$ =?,

977?, m~ mie|~ 7:77, m Nl`~m Moy @odlv Ielodh

8:8 febw`l~odh m `ohc~ yeb Yoe nl Kmdloye~e M~`md~m xmv f`lmyln ~e `mdn ed Y|dxm 98Y,

i|~ odv~lmn `mdnln Qxo~ce|~ odk|yolv ey nmb"

mhlR ed m wmym``l` ~msoxm k|v~ dey~c e ~cl

y|dxm, vcl vmon$ O~ xmv nmya, mdn zovoio`o~

xmv ylwey~ln m~ =7 bo Q=: abR$ Wyl`obodmy

odeybm~oed odnofm~lv ~cm~ dlo~cly ~cl `ohc~

fylx dey ~cl moy ~ymof fed~ye``lyv ylm`o{ln ~cm~

md~codh xmv xyedh |d~o` ~cl moyfym~ xmv ye``"

odh e|~ ed ~cl ~msoxm$

cov odfonld~ vce|`n il ld~oyl` v|ofold~

~e mffl`lym~l mnew~oed e noylf~ xmydodh vv~lbv

ed moyfym~ mdn od moy ~ymof fed~ye` #MF/ mfo`o"

~olv, Clyvbmd vmon, mnnodh, cl JMM ov ~maodh

febbldnmi`l mf~oed, i|~ o~ ov k|v~ ~ee v`ex$

Fcyov H`mlvly, noylf~ey, h`eim` vml~, Od"

~lydm~oedm` Moy ymdvwey~ Mvvefom~oed #OMM/,

keodln e~clyv od fm``odh ey fmyl|` lsmbodm~oed

e m~ld~ mdn fed~ls~|m` mf~eyv ileyl f`evodh

md odzlv~ohm~oed e m y|dxm odfonld~ ey mf"

fonld~$ Cl fo~ln edl moy`odlv odzlv~ohm~oed$ cl

`ohc~ fylx cmn illd hozld ~mso Qodv~y|f~oedvR

~e m y|dxm ed ozl effmvoedv ozl nolyld~

f`lmymdflv ~e he ~e m wmy~of|`my y|dxm ~cld

~cl `mv~ f`lmymdfl xmv ~e ~mal e obblnom~l` ed

m nolyld~ y|dxm, H`mlvly vmon$ cl he~ o~

xyedh mdn ~eea e ed ~cl xyedh y|dxm$

OMMv xey`nxonl odfonld~ nm~m ey 977?

vcexln edl m~~lbw~ln mdn ~cyll febw`l~ln

`mdnodhv ed ~msoxmv i `myhl febblyfom`

kl~v, odf`|nodh ~cl M~`md~m `mdnodh fo~ln i

Clyvbmd$ OMM blbilyv `m~lv~ y|dxm vml~

fedflydv cmzl ylze`zln mye|dn wylvv|yl ed

`ohc~ fylxv de~ ~e |vl ylzlyvl ~cy|v~ m~ dohc~,

lzld ed m vcey~ y|dxm xo~c m ~mo` xodn, il"

fm|vl e deovl mim~lbld~ y|`lv1 mfa e mff|ym~l

blmv|ylbld~ e y|dxm fed~mbodm~oed od m~obl` bmddly ey `ohc~ fylxv1 m~l y|dxm

fcmdhlv i MF ey ~male ey `mdnodh1 odmff|"

ym~l moywey~ nomhymbv od l`lf~yedof `ohc~ imhv

#LJIv/ ey moywey~v e|~vonl ~cl \do~ln V~m~lv

~cm~ mo` ~e nlwof~ |dvlyzoflmi`l ~msoxmv mdn

~msoxm fedv~y|f~oed1 mdn `mfa e nlwof~oed e

ldhodllyln bm~lyom` myylv~odh vv~lbv #LBMV/

ed moywey~ fcmy~v, xcofc bohc~ fm|vl wo`e~v

md~ofowm~odh md ezlyy|d ~e v~lly mxm yeb md

LBMV iln od m bov~mald ley~ ~e mzly~ v~yoa"

odh ~cl mwwyemfc `ohc~v$Mhhylhm~ln ze`|d~my wo`e~ ylwey~v m`ylmn

fmd onld~o ey ~cl JMM mdn moy`odlv moywey~ ce~

vwe~v e wo`e~%nyozly fed|voed, mdn ylfeynln

`ohc~ nm~m fmd onld~o fedfld~ym~oedv e ~cl

|dv~mi`l mwwyemfclv ~cm~ oh|yl od~e lsf|yvoedv

#Joh|yl =, w$ =:/, vmon Bofcml` Imvlceyl, bmd"

mhly e ~cl JMMv Mzom~oed Vml~ Odeybm~oed

Mdm`vov mdn Vcmyodh wyehymb #MVX, 3%7?, ww$

=9 mdn 69/$

Xl de~ofln m wylwednlymdfl e mzom~oed

vml~ mf~oed wyehymb ylwey~v m~ edl wmy~of|`my

moywey~ xclyl fed|voed ylv|`~ln yeb ~cyll

f`evl` vwmfln y|dxm ldnv mdn d|blye|v Qy|d"

xm wevo~oed ce`nodh bmyaodhv, Joh|yl 9, w$ =8R,

Imvlceyl vmon$ cl ~yomdh`l eybln i ~cl ce`n

vcey~ `odlv m`` od edl `efm~oed w`|v ~cl wmym``l`

ce`n vcey~ `odlv Q`ln ~eR m cohc wlyfld~mhl e

ylwey~v vmodh, Xl myl fed|vln, ~clyl myl ve

bmd ce`n vcey~ `odlv ~cm~ xl myl de~ ylm`` v|yl

xclyl ~cl myl$ I cmzodh md mhhylhm~l e nm~m,

de~ k|v~ nm~m yeb edl moy`odl, Qxl fe|`n vllR m

vwoal od ~cl ylwey~odh ve ~cm~ xl adlx ~e he od

mdn ef|v ed ~cov wmy~of|`my mylm$

Wo`e~ Wlyvwlf~ozlv

lfcde eh ov m xeyn yl}|ld~` mvvefom~ln

xo~c y|dxm vml~, i|~ O xmd~ ~e lbwcmvo{l

~cm~ c|bmd mf~eyv, ~cl c|bmd wlyeybmdfl,

ov m``"obwey~md~ xcl~cly xl myl ~m`aodh mie|~

~cl vdexw`ex nyozly ey ~cl moy ~ymof fed~ye``lyF

cyovVeyldvldWce~ehymwc

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8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

18/68

Onld~ojodh yldnv od \dv~mi`l Mwwyemfclv

9,777

=,777

\dv~mi`l mwwyemfc

Cohc ym~l ej nlvfld~ ed jodm` mwwyemfc

Jmv~ mwwyemfc

@m~l jodm` j`mw ls~ldvoedMiezl nlvoyln h`onl wm~c ed mwwyemfc

@ex wexly ed mwwyemfc

He"mye|dn

Clohc~ miezl ~e|fcnexd >?7 j~ #

8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

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Fedj|vodh Y|dxm Wevo~oed Ce`nodh Bmyaodhv

3@

3Y

=9

M

I

F

M 2 Ce`n vcey~ clyl ey moyfym~ myyozm`v ed Y|dxm 67

I 2 Ce`n vcey~ clyl ey moyfym~ myy ozm`v ed Y|dxm 9:@

F 2 Ce`n vcey~ clyl ey moyfym~ nlwmy~|ylv ed Y|dxmv 3Y%=9

De~l; M ~yldn od mhhylhm~ln wo`e~ ylwey~v ~e ~cl mzom~oed vml~ mf~oed wyehymbv m~ vebl\$V$ moy`odlv ylzlm`ln nojf|`~ od feyylf~` febw`odh xo~c moy ~ymjf fed~ye` odv~y|f~oedv ~ece`n vcey~ e ~clvl y|dxmv m~ ~cov \$V$ moywey~ `efm~oed, mffeynodh ~e ~cl Mzom~oed Vml~

Odeybm~oed Mdm`vov mdn Vcmyodh wyehymb$

Ve|yfl; \$V$ Jlnlym` Mzom~oed Mnbodov~ym~oed mdn Heeh`l Lmy~c

Joh|yl 9

XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

y|dxMvmjl~

v|fc m f`lmymdfl1 MF we`ofolv e xmo~odh ey m~

`lmv~ m 8 a~ ~mo` xodn ileyl fcmdhodh myyozodh

moyfym~ ~e m beyl mzeymi`l y|dxm1 mdn xcm~

OJM@WM fedvonlyv lsflvvozl fyevvxodnv ey `odl

ewlym~oedv, Vm`m{my vmon$

ymododh e moyol`n nyozlyv b|v~ il nlvohdlnod `ohc~ e ~cl ~|ydezly e ~cl xeyaeyfl mdn

yl}|ld~` ylodeyfl mxmyldlvv e ~cylm~v mdn

lyyeyv, vebl wylvld~lyv vmon$ Lzly ~lfcde`"

eh cl`wv o o~ ldcmdflv vo~|m~oedm` mxmyldlvv,

ldmi`lv moyol`n nyozlyv ~e lswlyoldfl cm{myne|v

vfldmyoev mdn lvfmwl yeb nmdhly, ey onld~o"

olv v|ymfl ce~ vwe~v od vob|`m~eyv, vmon Kmblv

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w$ >:/$ Nm~m yeb ~cl `mv~ ovfm` lmy

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v~ym~oed wyehymbv ey xonl` vcmy"

odh MVNL"S nm~m m~ Kecd J$ Alddln

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mdn Blbwcov #lddlvvll/ Od~lydm"

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m ~coyn }|my~ly e 97=7 ~e 97== ~obl

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e Y|dxm Vml~$ Md |dylve`zln

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dv

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8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

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mffeynmdfl xo~c ~cl iyolln wyefln|yl$

cl wyefln|yl fm``ln ey ~ymdvly e fed~ye`

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cl fewo`e~ vwe~~ln ~cl y|dxm xcld ~cl 888 xmv

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De Ylvwedvl

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cl vce~ |w ~e 6,:77 j~$ Jodm`` fed~ye`"

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mye|dn mdn `mdn imfa m~ I|y`odh~ed$

^cl xodn cmn dex vx|dh mye|dn ~e

987nlhyllv m~ 9< a~$ M~ ~cov weod~, cl

ylfm``ln, cov ym~l ej nlvfld~ ilfmbl

m`mybodh$ ^cl ZVO dex wlhhln m~ ~cl

ie~~eb ej ~cl vfm`l$ Nlvwo~l ~cl fed~ye`

nojjof|`~, cl `mdnln ~cl moyfymj~ xo~ce|~

j|y~cly odfonld~$ Ilmd bm de~ cmzl

adexd xcm~ m hymzo~ xmzl xmv, i|~

cl dex adlx xcm~ o~ fe|`n ne ~e md

moyw`mdl$=

Hymzo~ xmzlv myl k|v~ xmzlv mv

bev~ wlew`l deybm`` ~coda ej ~clb$

Hymzo~Dlmy` obwevvoi`l ~e wylnof~ mdn nojjof|`~ ~e

nl~lf~, ~cov xlm~cly wcldeblded wylvld~v

m connld yova, lvwlfom`` f`evl ~e ~cl hye|dn$

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XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

j`ohc~eWV

Xmzlv od ~cl eflmd myl ~lfcdofm`` hymz"

o~ xmzlv, jey lsmbw`l$ ^cl hymzo~

wmy~ ej ~cl ~lyb wyeimi` fedj|vlv ~cl

blmdodh e|~vonl ~cl jol`n ej bl~leye`"

eh$ Hymzo~ ov ed` edl ej ~cl jeyflv

~cm~ mjjlf~ xmzlv$ Hl~~odh m `o~~`l od~e

~cl vfoldfl clyl, hymzo~ xmzlv myl

wcvofm `odn|fln xmzlv, mv ewwevln

~e ~clybm``odn|fln xmzlv$ ^clybm``

odn|fln xmzlv myl ~cl ylv|`~ ej ~lb"

wlym~|yl mdn nldvo~ fed~ymv~v$ Bev~

v~mdnmyn xlm~cly vv~lbv ie~c m~ ~cl

v|yjmfl mdn m`ej~ myl ~clybm`` odn|fln

xmzlv$ Vebl eflmdof foyf|`m~oedv

xe|`n m`ve jm`` od~e ~cov fm~lhey$

M hymzo~ xmzl ov ~cl ylv|`~ ej m

wcvofm` nov~|yimdfl od md e~clyxovl

j`m~ j`|on j`ex$ _e| fmd vll xmzlv od

xm~ly ilfm|vl ~cl xm~ly o~vl`j ov zov"

oi`l$ _e| fmd~ noylf~` vll xmzlv od moy

ilfm|vl moy ov odzovoi`l$ M vobw`l xm ej

zov|m`o{odh hymzo~ xmzlv, cexlzly, ov ~e

~coda ej xcm~ cmwwldv xcld e| ~cyex

m yefa od m wedn$ Xmzlv bezl e|~ od m``

noylf~oedv jyeb ~cl nov~|yimdfl$ ^cl

vmbl ~codh cmwwldv od ~cl m~bevwclyl$

Zmyoe|v nov~|yimdflv wyen|fl hymzo~

xmzlv od ~cl m~bevwclyl$

Cex ne hymzo~ xmzlv jeyb5 e v~my~,

moy b|v~ il wcvofm`` jeyfln |w, jeyb"

odh ~cl fylv~ ej m xmzl$ Oj ~cl ldzoyed"

bld~ ov v~mi`l, ~cov novw`mfln moy xo``

~ldn ~e febl imfa nexd ~e o~v v~my~odh

ey l}|o`oiyo|b weod~$ M v~mi`l m~be"

vwclyl ov |v|m`` edl od xcofc m fee`ly

`mly ej moy vo~v |dnly m xmybly `mly$

^cl novw`mfln moy xo`` v~my~ ~e voda mdn

hmod nexdxmyn bebld~|b$ N|l ~e ~cl

bebld~|b, ~cl moy xo`` voda il`ex o~v

Be|d~mod xmzlv fmd

wyen|fl ld~of|`my f`e|nv$

XmzlvI_ LN IYE^MA

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Fyevv"Vlf~oed ej m Hymzo~ Xmzl

@Cwylvv|yl Fedzlyhld~ ex wylvv|yl Nozlyhld~ ex V|yjmfl

Xmzl be~oed

Xmzl ~ye|hc

Vodaodh moyYovodh moy

Xmzl fylv~

Ve|yfl; Ln Iye~ma

Joh|yl =

6> pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

j`ohc~eWV

v~my~odh l`lzm~oed$ ^cov jeybv ~cl ~ye|hc

ej ~cl xmzl$ I|~ ~clybendmbof jeyflv

ey i|emdf xo`` bmal ~cl moy yovl

mhmod ~exmyn o~v eyohodm` `lzl`$ Oj o~ ezly"

vcee~v mhmod, ~cov ~obl ed ~cl |wvonl,

mde~cly xmzl fylv~ ov jeybln$ \v|m``d|blye|v xmzlv od m vl~, md |dn|`m~odh

xmzl ~ymod, xo`` il jeybln$

Jey wo`e~v, ~cl ilv~"adexd m~be"

vwclyof hymzo~ xmzlv myl ~cl be|d~mod

mdn `ll xmzlv jeybln xcld xodnv i`ex

mfyevv be|d~mode|v ~lyymod$ ^cl ceyo"

{ed~m` zey~ls, ey ye~ey, xcofc fmd jeyb

obblnom~l` ed ~cl `ll vonl ov mvvefo"

m~ln xo~c ls~ylbl ~|yi|`ldfl$ ^clvl

ye~eyv myl m ~cylm~ ~e lzld `myhl moyfymj~,

mdn d|blye|v mffonld~v cmzl illd mv"vefom~ln xo~c ~clb$ Ej~ld ~clvl xmzlv

myl odnofm~ln i vwlfojof f`e|n jeybm"

~oedv v|fc mv `ld~of|`my ey ye~ey f`e|nv$

Oj ~cl moy ov nyoly, ~cl nmdhly {edl bm

de~ il f`lmy` zovoi`l$ Cexlzly, ~clvl

xmzlv ~ldn ~e il v~m~oedmy ey wyewm"

hm~l nexdv~ylmb xo~c ~cl xodn$ ^c|v,

~cl deybm`` fmd il mzeonln$

Xcm~ ov |v|m`` yljlyyln ~e od bl"

~leye`eh mv m hymzo~ xmzl ov m beio`l

xmzl od ~cl m~bevwclyl, xcofc wyl"

vld~v beyl ej m ~cylm~$ Hymzo~ xmzlv

cmzl m b|`~o~|nl ej fm|vlv; xodn vclmy

mvvefom~ln xo~c ~cl kl~ v~ylmb, ~cl jey"

bm~oed ej m jyed~ ey `ex, ~c|dnlyv~eybv

mdn c|yyofmdlv$ M`` ej ~clvl lzld~v fmd

wyen|fl hymzo~ xmzlv$ ^clvl xmzlv ej"

~ld myl nmbwln e|~ od ~cl m~bevwclyl

mdn wevl de wyei`lb$ E~cly ~oblv ~clfmd wyewmhm~l jey c|dnylnv ej bo`lv$

V~mi`l wmy~v ej ~cl m~bevwclyl myl ilv~

jey wyewmhm~odh xmzlv$

Hymzo~ xmzlv myl yl`m~ozl` vbm``"

vfm`l jlm~|ylv, xo~c xmzl`ldh~cv zmy"

odh jyeb ye|hc` < ~e dlmy` 677 db

#mwwyesobm~l` dodl ~e

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Fe`n Vlmved Hymzo~ Xmzlv

@

Hymzo~ xmzl {edl

V|yjmfl `ex mdn jyed~v

V~yedhlv~xodnv

Kl~v~ylmb

Ve|yfl; Ln Iye~ma

Joh|yl 9

XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

j`ohc~eWV

dey~c ej m xmyb jyed~ mdn dey~clmv~

ej ~cl v|yjmfl `ex #Joh|yl 9/$ V~yedh

kl~ v~ylmb xodnv xl` m`ej~ myl ~e ~cl

ve|~cxlv~$ cl hymzo~ xmzlv wyewmhm~l

dey~cxmyn xo~cod ~cl v`ewodh jyed~m`

`mly miezl ~cl hye|dn$ Od ~clvl vo~|m"~oedv, ~cl ljjlf~v ed vldvoi`l xlm~cly myl

ej~ld wyeje|dn$

Jey lsmbw`l, m bmkey xod~ly v~eyb

xmv mjjlf~odh dey~clyd O``odeov mdn Fco"

fmhe ECmyl Od~lydm~oedm` Moywey~$ @ohc~

~e benlym~l vdex xmv jm``odh xo~c zov"

oio`o~ yln|fln ~e bo #7$3 ab/$ Xodnv

xlyl i`exodh v~lmno` jyeb ~cl dey~clmv~

m~ 97 a~ #68 awc/$ ^cld m hymzo~ xmzl

ilhmd ~e mjjlf~ ~cl ylhoed$ Xo~cod bod"

|~lv, ~cl zovoio`o~ nyewwln ~e =%=: bo#7$= ab/ od clmz vdex$ ^c|dnly xmv

clmyn$ Xodnv h|v~ln ~e awc/$

Hymzo~ xmzlv hldlym~ln i ~c|d"

nlyv~eybv ey ~c|dnlyv~eyb febw`lslv

nlzl`ew od m vobo`my bmddly$ Od ~clvl

fmvlv, fee`ly moy jyeb ~cl ~c|dnlyv~eyb

nexdnymj~v co~v ~cl hye|dn mdn vwylmnv

e|~, ~cl `lmnodh lnhl ej ~cov e|~j`ex

jeybodh ~cl jmbo`omy h|v~ jyed~$ Ilcodn

~cov jlm~|yl, m v`ewodh jyed~m` v|yjmfl

vlwmym~lv fee`ly moy dlmy ~cl hye|dn

jyeb xmybly moy miezl$ Hymzo~ xmzlv

fmd nlzl`ew mdn wyewmhm~l xo~cod ~cl

fee`ly, v~mi`l moy$

Ej~ld de f`e|nv myl mvvefom~ln xo~c

~cl hymzo~ xmzlv ~clbvl`zlv, ve ~cl fmd

mwwyemfc |dmdde|dfln ~e wo`e~v$ Ed

Nlf$ :, =??3, m Illfc Imyed fymvcln n|y"

odh mwwyemfc ~e ~cl moywey~ m~ Deybmd,

Ea`mcebm, \$V$, ao``odh ~cl wo`e~$ ^cl

Dm~oedm` ^ymdvwey~m~oed Vmjl~ Iemyn

fedf`|nln ~cm~ vlzlyl ~|yi|`ldfl mdn

xodn vclmy xlyl ~cl wyeimi`l fm|vl ej ~cl

`evv ej fed~ye`$ Wo`e~ xlm~cly ylwey~v jyeb

dlmyi moyfymj~ xlyl wmy~ ej ~cl v|wwey~

jey ~cov fedf`|voed$ ^cl j`ohc~ fylx ej m

Ielodh 868 mwwyemfcodh Ea`mcebm Fo~v

Xo`` Yehlyv Jol`n, mie|~ 67 bo jyeb Dey"

bmd, dlmy ~cl ~obl ej ~cl fymvc ylwey~ln

ldfe|d~lyodh xodn vwlln zmyom~oed ej $

9$ Bo``ly, Nmzon X$ Lsw`eyodh ~cl Wev"

voio`o~ ej m @ex M`~o~|nl Hymzo~ Xmzl

Ldfe|d~ly mv ~cl Fm|vl ej m Hldlym`

Mzom~oed Mffonld~ dlmy Deybmd EA ed

Nlf$ :, =??3$ M wylvld~m~oed ~e ~cl ?~c

Fedjlyldfl ed Mzom~oed, Ymdhl, mdn

Mlyevwmfl Bl~leye`eh, Vlw~lbily 9777,

Ey`mdne, J`eyonm, \$V$

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J`ohc~^YMODODH

6:

pJ`ohc~ vmJl~ Je|dnm~oed p MlYeVMjl^yXey`n p Jliy|my 97=7

od ~cl mj~lybm~c ej ~cl jm~m` Jliy|my

977? fymvc ej m Fe`hmd Moy Iebimy"

noly NCF"3">77 mdn m v|ivl}|ld~

fm`` jey ldcmdfln moy`odl vmjl~, ~cl

\$V$ Jlnlym` Mzom~oed Mnbodov~ym~oed

#JMM/ ov vllaodh ylfebbldnm~oedv ed

cex ~e obwyezl yl}|oylbld~v jey wo`e~

}|m`ojofm~oed mdn ~ymododh$

^cl JMM w|i`ovcln md mnzmdfl de"

~ofl ej wyewevln y|`lbmaodh #MDWYB/

ed Jli$ 3 ~e yl}|lv~ w|i`of febbld~

ed wevvoi`l ylh|`m~ey fcmdhlv$= ^cl

JMM vmon ~cl de~ofl xmv od~ldnln ~e

hm~cly odjeybm~oed ed xcl~cly f|yyld~

l`ohoio`o~, ~ymododh mdn }|m`ojofm~oed

yl}|oylbld~v jey febblyfom` wo`e~

fly~ojofm~oed myl mnl}|m~l$

^cl febbld~v jo`ln od ylvwedvl ~e

~cl MDWYB xo`` il |vln ~e nl~lybodl

~cl dlflvvo~ ej lv~mi`ovcodh mnno~oedm`

wo`e~ fly~ojofm~oed yl}|oylbld~v mdn ~e

nl~lybodl xcm~ ~cevl dlx yl}|oylbld~v

bohc~ odf`|nl, ~cl JMM vmon$ Febbld~v

b|v~ il v|ibo~~ln i Mwyo` ?$

Od ~cl MDWYB, ~cl JMM vmon ~cm~

~cl Fe`hmd fymvc jef|vln m~~ld~oed ed

xcl~cly m febblyfom`` ym~ln fewo`e~ od

Q\$V$ Jlnlym` Mzom~oed Ylh|`m~oedvR Wmy~

=9= Qmoy fmyyolyR ewlym~oedv ylflozlv

mnl}|m~l ~ymododh$ Vwlfojofm``, nelv m

fewo`e~v ~ymododh odf`|nl lde|hc ce|yv

ej ~ymododh od zmyoe|v xlm~cly fedno"

~oedv ~e il mi`l ~e ylfehdo{l m we~ld"

~om`` nmdhlye|v vo~|m~oed mdn ylvwedn

od m vmjl mdn ~obl` bmddly5

JMM Mnbodov~ym~ey Ymdn Imiio~~,

od ~lv~obed nl`ozlyln iljeyl ~cl mzom"

~oed v|ifebbo~~ll ej ~cl \$V$ Ce|vl

Febbo~~ll ed ^ymdvwey~m~oed mdn

Odjymv~y|f~|yl, vmon ~cm~ ~cl mhldf ov

xeyaodh ~e onld~oj bl~cenv ej ldcmdf"

odh ~cl wo`e~ fly~ojofm~oed wyeflvv ~e

onld~oj novfyl~l mylmv xclyl md odno"

zon|m` wo`e~ ylflozlv mdn v|fflvvj|``

febw`l~lv ~ymododh, ~c|v lv~mi`ovcodh

ewlym~oedm` lswlyoldfl od mylmv v|fc mv

~cl b|`~o"wo`e~ ldzoyedbld~, lswev|yl

~e ofodh, cohc m`~o~|nl ewlym~oedv mdn

e~cly mylmv febbed ~e febblyfom` moy

fmyyoly ewlym~oedv$9

Imiio~~ fyo~ofo{ln wyewevm`v i

vebl e|~vonl ~cl JMM ~e odfylmvl ~cl

bodob|b ce|yv yl}|oyln jey m wo`e~ ~e

ewlym~l m febblyfom` moyfymj~, ylmved"

odh ~cm~ odfylmvodh ~cl yl}|oyln j`ohc~

~obl ~e~m` ov de~, od o~vl`j, md mnl}|m~l

ylvwedvl ~e ~cl wyei`lb$

^clyl ov m nojjlyldfl il~xlld

adexodh m wo`e~ cmv illd lswevln ~e m``

fyo~ofm` vo~|m~oedv n|yodh ~ymododh zlyv|v

mvv|bodh ~cm~ vobw` j`odh beyl ce|yv

m|~ebm~ofm`` wyezonlv ~cm~ lswev|yl,

cl vmon$

^cl JMM vllav febbld~v ed wyewevm`v ~e ldcmdfl ~ymododh

mdn fly~ojofm~oed yl}|oylbld~v jey moy`odl wo`e~v$

I_ @ODNM XLYJL@BMD

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J`ohc~^YMODODH

XXX$J`ohc~vmJl~$eyh p MlYeVMjl^yXey`n p Jliy|my 97=7

F

cyovVeyldvldWce~ehymwc

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63

pJ`ohc~ vmJl~ Je|dnm~oed p MlYeVMjl^yXey`n p Jliy|my 97=7

J`ohc~^YMODODH

Vwlfojof ]|lv~oedv

Od ~cl MDWYB, ~cl JMM de~ln ~cm~ o~ m`ylmn ov

ylzolxodh w|i`of febbld~v ed m Kmd|my 977?

DWYB ~cm~ wyewevln ~e yl}|oyl |vl ej j`ohc~vob|`m~oed ~ymododh nlzoflv ~e ldcmdfl lsov~odh

~ymododh wyehymbv jey moy fmyyoly fylxblbilyv$

Cexlzly, ~cl 977? DWYB non de~ mnnylvv imvof

wo`e~ fly~ojofm~oed$

^cl MDWYB yl}|lv~ln febbld~v ed

vwlfojof }|lv~oedv, odf`|nodh xcl~cly ~cl JMM

vce|`n yl}|oyl m`` wo`e~v od Wmy~ =9= ewlym~oedv

~e ce`n md moy`odl ~ymdvwey~ wo`e~ #M^W/ fly~ojo"

fm~l, xcofc ov ovv|ln ed` ~e wo`e~v xo~c m~ `lmv~

=,

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XXX$J`ohc~vmJl~$eyh p MlYeVMjl^yXey`n p Jliy|my 97=7

J`ohc~^YMODODH

~obl yl}|oylbld~ xo~c ~cl |vl ej j|``, ~cyll"msov

vob|`m~eyv, i|~ ed` ~e m `obo~ln ls~ld~$

Cl vmon ~cm~ ~cl JMM vce|`n yl}|oyl Wmy~

=9= wo`e~v ~e ce`n md M^W ey m~ m bodob|b,

Qnlbedv~ym~lR ~cl dlflvvmy mlyedm|~ofm` vao``

`lzl` mv yl}|oyln i md M^W ~e bmod~mod ~clfedjonldfl ej ~cl ~ymzl`odh w|i`of$

J`Yohc~, m Dey~c Fmye`odm joyb ~cm~

wyezonlv ~ymododh od j|``"be~oed vob|`m~eyv,

ldneyvln ~cl wyewevm` ~e fylm~l m dlx febbly"

fom` wo`e~ fly~ojofm~l ldneyvlbld~ ~cm~ xe|`n il

yl}|oyln iljeyl m wo`e~ fe|`n xeya mv m yl}|oyln

wo`e~ od Wmy~ =9= moy fmyyoly ewlym~oedv$

^clyl myl fly~mod vao`` vl~v |do}|l ~e QWmy~R

=9= j`ohc~ ewlym~oedv ~cm~ myl lvvld~om` jey wo`e~v

~e wevvlvv od eynly ~e ei~mod ~cl cohclv~ `lzl`

ej edheodh moy vmjl~, ~cl febwmd vmon$ Wo`e~vb|v~ il ~m|hc~ cex ~e bmdmhl m fefawo~ od ie~c

deybm` mdn mideybm` vo~|m~oedv |vodh m`` mzmo`"

mi`l ~ee`v$ ^cl vwlfojof ~ymododh yl}|oyln ~e

ylflozl m ~wl ym~odh wyezonlv m heen e|~`odl jey

~cov wyewevln ldneyvlbld~$

^cl Moy ymdvwey~ Mvvefom~oed ej Mblyofm,

xcofc, m~ wylvv ~obl, cmn de~ v|ibo~~ln feb"

bld~v ed ~cl MDWYB, vmon o~ xe|`n febbld~

od n|l fe|yvl mdn mnnln, Mv m hldlym` bm~~ly,

cexlzly, ~cl moy`odlv myl m`xmv od~lylv~ln od

lsw`eyodh blmv|ylv ~cm~ xo`` obwyezl ~cl vmjl~

wlyjeybmdfl i |~o`o{odh ~ymododh ylve|yflv

beyl ljjlf~ozl` mdn ljjofold~`$

N|yodh fedhylvvoedm` clmyodhv od m~l 977?,

e~cly eyhmdo{m~oedv novf|vvln vebl ej ~cl wyewev"

m`v ~cm~ |`~obm~l` xlyl mnnylvvln od ~cl MDWYB$

N|yodh m Vlw~lbily clmyodh iljeyl ~cl mzom"

~oed v|ifebbo~~ll ej ~cl \$V$ Ce|vl ej Ylwyl"

vld~m~ozlv Febbo~~ll ed ^ymdvwey~m~oed mdn

Odjymv~y|f~|yl, Kecd Wym~ly, wylvonld~ ej ~cl Moy

@odl Wo`e~v Mvvefom~oed, Od~lydm~oedm` #M@WM/,

novf|vvln cov eyhmdo{m~oedv v|wwey~ jey `lhov`m"

~oed v|ivl}|ld~` mwwyezln i ~cl Ce|vl

~e yl}|oyl m`` moy`odl wo`e~v ~e ce`n md M^W mdn

m bodob|b ej =,

^cl fmw~modv ylvwedvl ~e

~cl mf~ozm~oed ej ~cl v~ofa

vcmaly vce|`n cmzl illd

m|~ebm~of, ~cl D^VI vmon,

i|~ cov obwyewly j`ohc~

fed~ye` odw|~v xlyl odfed"

vov~ld~ xo~c cov ~ymod"

odh mdn xlyl odv~lmn

fedvov~ld~ xo~c v~my~`l

mdn fedj|voed$

Mv m ylv|`~ ej ~cl

mffonld~ odzlv~ohm"

~oed, ~cl D^VI

ovv|ln m d|bily

ej vmjl~ ylfeb"

bldnm~oedv ~e ~cl

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>7

pJ`ohc~ vmJl~ Je|dnm~oed p MlYeVMjl^yXey`n p Jliy|my 97=7

J`ohc~^YMODODH

JMM, mbedh ~clb vlzlym` ~cm~ nlm`~

xo~c wo`e~ ~ymododh, odf`|nodh vwlfojof

ylfebbldnm~oedv jey v~m`` ~ymododh mdn

ylblnom` ~ymododh$

Mv wo`e~v ~ymdvo~oed ~e `myhly ~ymdv"

wey~ fm~lhey moyw`mdlv, ~cl ne de~cmzl md ewwey~|do~ ~e lswlyoldfl v~m``v

od j`ohc~ ey od m vob|`m~ey, ilfm|vl moy

fmyyoly ~ymododh nelv de~ yl}|oyl wo`e~v

~e wymf~ofl ylfezlyolv jyeb j|`` nlzl`"

ewln v~m``v, D^VI Fcmoybmd Nlieymc

M$W$ Clyvbmd vmon `m~ly, od ~lv~obed ~e

~cl mzom~oed v|ifebbo~~ll ej ~cl \$V$

Vldm~l Febbo~~ll ed Febblyfl, Vfo"

ldfl mdn ymdvwey~m~oed$ e~cly fmyyo"

lyv xlyl de~ v|iklf~ ~e ~cl vmbl odvwlf"

~oed ilfm|vl ~cl cmn obw`lbld~ln

JMM"mwwyezln mnzmdfln }|m`ojofm~oed

wyehymbv #M]Wv/ ze`|d~my wye"

hymbv nlvohdln ~e odfylmvl vmjl~ i

obwyezodh ~ymododh mdn lzm`|m~oed$ Ej~clvl ?? fmyyolyv, 8: odf`|nodh m`` =>

M]W fmyyolyv cmn vv~lbv od w`mfl

jey ylblnom` ~ymododh yl}|oylbld~v$

^cl JMM m`ve vmon o~ cmn nlzl`ewln

h|onmdfl jey ~cl odn|v~y mdn jey JMM

odvwlf~eyv ed cex ~e ylzolx ~ymododh

od ~cl fed~ls~ ej m vmjl~ bmdmhlbld~

vv~lb$ Od mnno~oed, ~cl mhldf w`mdv

~e w|i`ovc md DWYB ~cov lmy ed j`ohc~

mdn n|~ ~obl `obo~m~oedv mdn ylv~ yl"

}|oylbld~v jey j`ohc~ fylxblbilyv$

^cl JMM cmv ylflozln xyo~~ld feb"

bo~bld~v jyeb 39 wlyfld~ ej \$V$ Wmy~

=9= moy fmyyolyv xcofc ylwylvld~ ?3

wlyfld~ ej m`` Wmy~ =9= moyfymj~ ~e

obw`lbld~ vwlfojof vmjl~ wymf~oflv

e|~`odln i ~cl mhldf$ Ej ~cl Wmy~ =9=

moyfymj~, ?3 wlyfld~ myl ewlym~ln i fmy"

yolyv ~cm~ lo~cly cmzl obw`lbld~ln, ey

myl w`mddodh ~e obw`lbld~, md mzom~oed

vmjl~ mf~oed w`md #MVMW/, m ze`|d~my,

vl`j"novf`ev|yl ylwey~odh wyehymb1 mdn

?> wlyfld~ myl ewlym~ln i fmyyolyv ~cm~

cmzl obw`lbld~ln ey myl w`mddodh ~e

obw`lbld~ ie~c md MVMW mdn m j`ohc~

ewlym~oedm` }|m`o~ mvv|ymdfl #JE]M/

wyehymb, vebl~oblv adexd mv m j`ohc~

nm~m bedo~eyodh wyehymb$

M`ve, ~cl JMM vmon, ~cl `myhlv~

wmvvldhly moy`odlv cmzl ~mald v~lwv ~e

odfylmvl febb|dofm~oed, nm~m vcmy"

odh mdn feewlym~oed xo~c ~cloy wmy~dly

moy`odlv ed obw`lbld~m~oed ej ljjlf~ozl

vmjl~ wymf~oflv$

M`` vlzld `miey eyhmdo{m~oedv

fed~mf~ln i ~cl JMM cmzl wyezonlnxyo~~ld febbo~bld~v ~e v|wwey~ wye"

jlvvoedm` v~mdnmynv febbo~~llv od ~cl

nlzl`ewbld~ ej wlly m|no~ mdn ylzolx

wyefln|ylv mdn jeybm` fenlv ej l~cofv,

~cl mhldf vmon$ ^cl JMM w`mdv ~e cev~

m bll~odh ej ~clvl eyhmdo{m~oedv ~cov

lmy ~e nlzl`ew h|onl`odlv ed fefawo~

novfow`odl mdn wyejlvvoedm`ovb$

^cl JMM m`ylmn cmv cl`n =9

ylhoedm` vmjl~ jey|bv ~e novf|vv wo`e~

jm~oh|l, miey"bmdmhlbld~ ovv|lv mdne~cly vmjl~ ovv|lv$

D~v

=$ JMM$ Dlx Wo`e~ Fly~ojfm~oed Yl}|oylbld~v

ey Moy Fmyyoly Ewlym~oedv$ Nefal~ De$

JMM"97=7"7=77$ 0xxx$ylh|`m~oedv$hez%

vlmyfc%Ylhv%cebl$c~b`&nefal~Nl~mo`5Y2

JMM"97=7"7=774$

9$ Imiio~~, K$ Ymdne`wc$ lv~obed iljeyl ~cl

\$V$ Ce|vl Febbo~~ll ed ^ymdvwey~m~oed

mdn Odjymv~y|f~|yl, v|ifebbo~~ll ed mzom"

~oed$ Jli$ >, 97=7$

6$ Wym~ly, Kecd$ lv~obed iljeyl ~cl \$V$

Ce|vl Febbo~~ll ed ^ymdvwey~m~oed mdn

Odjymv~y|f~|yl, v|ifebbo~~ll ed mzom~oed$

Vlw~$ 96, 977?$ M`ve, md Ef~$ =6, 977?, `l~"

~ly ~e blbilyv ej ~cl Ce|vl$

>$ D^VI$ @evv e Fed~ye` ed Mwwyemfc,

Fe`hmd Moy Odf$, Ewlym~odh mv Fed~odld~m`

Feddlf~oed J`ohc~ 6>78, Iebimynoly

NCF"3">77, D977X], F`myldfl Fld~ly,

Dlx _eya, Jliy|my =9, 977?, D^VI%MMY"

=7%7=$ M`ve, vmjl~ ylfebbldnm~oed l~~ly~e JMM Mnbodov~ym~ey K$ Ymdne`wc Imiio~~,

Jli$ 96, 97=7$

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xxx$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

odVohc~

mvmjl~ bmdmhlbld~ vv~lb #VBV/ ov

ilfebodh ~cl v~mdnmyn vmjl~ wyehymb

~cye|hce|~ ~cl xey`n$ O~ cmv ilfebl

bmdnm~ey jey Od~lydm~oedm` Fozo` Mzom"

~oed Eyhmdo{m~oed #OFME/ moy fmyyoly ewlym~oedv

mdn ov ze`|d~myo` ilodh obw`lbld~ln i fey"

weym~l mdn hezlydbld~ mzom~oed nlwmy~bld~v$

O~v we~ld~om` zm`|l ~e ~cl v|fflvv ej md eyhmdo{m"

~oedv bovvoed cmv illd wyezld$

Mffe|d~mi l lslf|~ozlv cmzl vcexd ~cloy

v|wwey~ i zlyim` mdn zovoi`l blmv|ylv$ ^cl

wyen|fl v~yedh vmjl~ we`ofolv mdn myl od"

v~y|bld~m` od ~cl nlzl`ewbld~ ej m wyemf~ozl

mdn wylnof~ozl wyehymb$ Vmjl~ wlyveddl` myl

h

w

VBV jey ~cBonn`l Bmdmhy^cl ldhodl ~cm~ nyozlv VBV ov `odl bmdmhlbld~$

Iy Bofcml` ImYY

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>9

pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

odVohc~

ylflozodh jeybm` vmjl~ ~ymododh mdn ln|fm~oed

od ~cl blfcmdofv mdn obw`lbld~m~oed ej VBV$

^cl ildljo~v ej VBV myl vcexd i odfylmvln

wyen|f~ozo~ xo~c lvv yova ~e ~cl eyhmdo{m~oed$

\do~ wlyveddl` myl ln|fm~ln ed cex ~cl fmd

v|wwey~ ~cl VBV wyehymb$

Xo~c m`` ~clvl wlew`l xeyaodh ve cmyn

~e obw`lbld~ m zoiymd~ VBV, xc cmvd~ o~

bm~|yln od~e m v~yedh xeyaodh wyehymb xo~c

wevo~ozl ildljo~v ~cye|hce|~ ~cl mzom~oed

odn|v~y5 Od bmd fmvlv, eyhmdo{m~oedv vm ~cl

cmzl md VBV wyehymb, i|~ od ylm`o~ ~cl ed`

fcmdhl ~cl fezly wmhl ed ~cloy vmjl~ wyehymb

nef|bld~ mdn fm`` o~ VBV$ ^cl wylzoe|v vmjl~

wyehymb bmdmhlbld~ vv~lb fed~modln bmd

l`lbld~v ej md VBV, i|~ o~ jmo`ln ~e ce`n m``

`lzl`v ej bmdmhlbld~ mffe|d~mi`l jey m vmjl~

vv~lb$

^cl vmjl~ nlwmy~bld~ ov ylvwedvoi`l jey

lv~mi`ovcodh md VBV, i|~ ~cl v|fflvv ej v|fc m

wyehymb ylv~v ed ~cl vce|`nlyv ej bmdmhlbld~

wlyveddl`$ M wlyvedm` ylzolx xo~c beyl ~cmd

>77 vmjl~ wyejlvvoedm`v ylzlm`v ~cm~ edl ej ~cl

bmkey v~|bi`odh i`efav ~e ~cl obw`lbld~m~oed

ej md ljjlf~ozl mdn ndmbof VBV wyehymb ov

bonn`l bmdmhlbld~$ cl ylmvedv myl bmd,

i|~ ~xe ej ~cl bev~ obwey~md~ myl m `mfa ej

|dnlyv~mdnodh ej ~cloy ye`l mdn ~cl il`olj ~cm~

vmjl~ wyehymbv myl ve`l` ~cl ylvwedvoio`o~ ej

~cl vmjl~ nlwmy~bld~$

O il`olzl xl dlln ~e v~ylvv ~cl obwey~mdfl

mdn bl~cenv ej odze`zlbld~ ej bonn`l bmd"

mhlbld~ od wyehymbv v|fc mv hem`v mdn eiklf"

~ozlv1 ln|fm~oed mdn ~ymododh1 k|v~ f|`~|yl1 yova

bmdmhlbld~ wyehymbv1 fcmdhl bmdmhlbld~

wyeflvv1 ewlym~oedm` vmjl~ ylzolxv1 m|no~v1 vmjl~

mf~oed hye|w #VMH/1 mdn mffe|d~mio`o~olv$

Ylblbily ~cm~ Vmjl~ ov m feyweym~l v~mjj

j|df~oed ~cm~ mnzovlv i|~ cmv `o~~`l oj md

m|~ceyo~ ~e noylf~ mf~oedv$ ^cl ldhodl ~cm~

nyozlv VBV ov `odl bmdmhlbld~1 ~cl myl mf"

fe|d~mi`l jey obw`lbld~odh VBV$ W`|v, ~cl

ldv|yl ~cm~ febwmd wlyveddl` febw` xo~c

VBV we`ofolv mdn wyefln|ylv$ Xo~ce|~ ~cl

mf~ozl v|wwey~ ej bonn`l bmdmhlbld~, VBV ov

neebln ~e jmo`$

Vmjl~ mnzovlyv fedv~md~ ~clbl ov ~cm~ ~cloy

iohhlv~ c|yn`l ov bon"`lzl` bmdmhlbld~$ cl

xovc ~cm~ bonn`l bmdmhlyv xe|`n ylflozl ~cl

VBV ~ymododh, lzld oj ~cl ln|fm~oed fezlyv ed`

~cl imvofv ej ~cl wyehymb$ Vodfl ~cov ov de~

m`xmv wevvoi`l ey wyeimi`l, odl bmdmhlbld~

b|v~ il ln|fm~ln mie|~ ~cl ildljo~v ej VBV i

vmjl~ wlyveddl`$

F c y o v V e y l

d v l d W c e ~ e h y m w c

Edl e ~cl bmkey

v~|bi`odh i`efav ~e

~cl obw`lbld~m~oed

e md ljlf~ozl

mdn ndmbof VBV

wyehymb ov bonn`l

bmdmhlbld~$

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xxx$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

odVohc~

Hozld ~cl obwey~mdfl ej bonn`l bmdmhl"

bld~ v|wwey~ mdn odze`zlbld~ od m v|fflvvj|`

VBV wyehymb, v|hhlv~oedv ~e vmjl~ mnzovlyv ed

cex ~e ln|fm~l bonn`l bmdmhlyv myl dllnln$

Bonn`l bmdmhlbld~ fmdde~ il lswlf~ln ~e v|w"

wey~ v|fc m ymnofm` dlx fedflw~ oj ~cl ne de~adex o~v wyodfow`lv mdn we~ld~om` ildljo~v ~e ~cl

eyhmdo{m~oedv bovvoed$

M }|ofa ylzolx vcexv |v ~cm~ vmjl~ ov nljodln

mv mfflw~mi`l yovav ~cm~ ldmi`l md eyhmdo{m~oed

~e v|fflln od o~v bovvoed$ O~ |vln ~e il vmon ~cm~

vmjl~ m`xmv fmbl joyv~, i|~ ~cov onlm cmv illd

benojoln ~e ylfehdo{l ~cm~ m febwmdv bovvoed,

o~v |`~obm~l i|vodlvv hem`, b|v~ il ~cl wyobmy

jef|v$ ^cl febwmd xe|`n de~ lsov~ oj o~ jmo`ln od

~cm~ bovvoed$

Xclyl nelv ~cm~ `lmzl vmjl~5 Vmjl~ ov, eyvce|`n il, odclyld~ od lzly mvwlf~ ej ~cl ewlym"

~oed$ Xo~ce|~ o~, ~cl bovvoed v|yl` xe|`n jmo` ~e

ylmfc ~cl wlyjeybmdfl `lzl` dllnln jey v|fflvv$

M heen v~m~lbld~ fedflydodh vmjl~ ov, Vmjl~ ov

fyo~ofm` jey , ~e il febw`l~ln od md xm ~cm~

bll~v e|y dllnv$

Wyoey ~e VBV, ~cl vmjl~ bmdmhly ey Vmjl~

j|df~oed xmv ~e~m`` ylvwedvoi`l jey vmjl~ wye"

hymbv$ cl xlyl ~ymodln od m`` mvwlf~v ej ~cl

vmjl~ wyehymb$ Xcld md eyhmdo{m~oed cmn m vmjl~

wyei`lb, ~cl lswlf~m~oed xmv ~cm~ Vmjl~ xe|`n

feyylf~ ~cl vo~|m~oed, i|~ Vmjl~ cmn `o~~`l m|~ceyo~

~e noylf~ fcmdhl ey obw`lbld~ feyylf~ozl mf~oedv$

^cov xmv ~cl vo~|m~oed |d~o` VBV ilfmbl ~cl yl"

}|oyln bl~cene`eh ej vmjl~ bmdmhlbld~$

Md eyhmdo{m~oedv vmjl~ f|`~|yl ov md od~lhym`

wmy~ ej md VBV$ M`~ce|hc VBV ov ~yohhlyln jyeb

~cl ~ew ej md eyhmdo{m~oed, o~ ov blmv|yln m~ ~cl

ie~~eb, xclyl ~cl wyen|f~ozo~ ov blmv|yln, mv

xl``$ Jey ~cm~ f|`~|ym` fedflw~ ~e ylmfc ~cl lbw`e"

llv, o~ b|v~ joyv~ ~ymzl` ~cye|hc bonn`l bmdmhl"

bld~$ ^cl v|fflvv ey jmo`|yl ej m f|`~|yl nlwldnv

ed ~cl v|wwey~ jyeb bonn`l bmdmhlbld~$

M v~yedh VBV xo`` lv~mi`ovc hem`v mdn eiklf"

~ozlv$ ^clvl hem`v mdn eiklf~ozlv vl~ m fe|yvl

~cm~ md eyhmdo{m~oed xmd~v ~e je``ex ~e mfcolzl

bovvoed v|fflvv$ ^clvl hem`v |v|m`` myl lv~mi"

`ovcln i ~ew bmdmhlbld~ mdn obw`lbld~ln i

bonn`l bmdmhlyv$ Oj bonn`l bmdmhlbld~ nelv

de~ mf~ozl` v|wwey~ mdn ov de~ fed~od|m`` mxmyl

ej ~cl v~m~|v ej ~clvl hem`v mdn eiklf~ozlv, ~cl

fcmdfl ej v|fflvv ov yln|fln$

Bonn`l bmdmhlyv dlln ~e il ~ymodln mdn

ln|fm~ln ~cl vmbl mv m`` e~cly lbw`ellv$ ^cl

dlln ~e adex lsmf~` xcm~ VBV ov mdn cex ~cl

odnozon|m`` od~lyjmfl xo~c ~cl wyehymb$ ^clb|v~ il mxmyl ~cm~ ~cl v|fflvv ey jmo`|yl ej VBV

yonlv `myhl` ed cex ~cl |dnlyv~mdn mdn v|w"

wey~ VBV fedflw~v$

Bonn`l bmdmhlyv myl ylvwedvoi`l jey ~cl kei

vmjl~ ~ymododh ej ~cloy wlyveddl` mv xl`` mv m

xeyaw`mfl cm{myn mdm`vov$ ^cl joyv~ `odl bmdmhly

ov ~cl bev~ obwey~md~ odj`|ldfl ed odnozon|m`

vmjl~ ilcmzoey$ Bonn`l bmdmhlyv cmzl ~e |d"

nlyv~mdn ~cl imvov jey m k|v~ f|`~|yl$ ^cl obw`l"

bld~m~oed ej m k|v~ f|`~|yl bm de~ il ~cl vmbl

od m`` wmy~v ej ~cl xey`n, i|~ o~v fedflw~ vce|`n

F

cyovVeyldvldWce~ehymwc

Xcld md

eyhmdo{m~oed cmn

m vml~ wyei`lb,

~cl lswlf~m~oed xmv

~cm~ Vml~ xe|`n

feyylf~ ~cl vo~|m~oed,

i|~ Vml~ cmn

`o~~`l m|~ceyo~$

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>>

pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

odVohc~

il |dozlyvm`$ Wlyveddl` vce|`n il mi`l ~e ylwey~

cm{mynv mdn lzld~v xo~ce|~ jlmy ej w|dovcbld~$

Ej fe|yvl, ~clyl myl vebl nljodln lsflw~oedv,

v|fc mv w|ywevl` febbo~~odh o``lhm` mf~ozo~olv ey

zoe`m~odh febwmd ylh|`m~oedv$ M i`mbl f|`~|yl

mdn ewld ylwey~odh f|`~|yl fmdde~ felsov~$ O~ ov|w ~e bonn`l bmdmhlbld~ ~e ewld` v|wwey~ m

v~yedh ylwey~odh vv~lb mdn ldv|yl ~cm~ v|wlyzo"

veyv je``ex ~cl k|v~ we`of ej ylwey~odh$

M feydlyv~edl ej md VBV ov md mf~ozl cm{"

myn onld~ojofm~oed wyehymb$ ^cyll obwey~md~

wyehymbv ~cm~ v|wwey~ ~cl cm{myn onld~ojofm~oed

wyehymb myl fcmdhl wyeflvv bmdmhlbld~ #FWB/,

ewlym~oedm` vmjl~ ylzolxv #EVY/ mdn m wyehymb

~cm~ m``exv wlyveddl` ~e ylwey~ cm{mynv$

M FWB ylzolx vce|`n il mf~ozm~ln xcld

~clyl ov m dlx vv~lb nlvohd, m fcmdhl ~e lsov~odhvv~lbv, m dlx ewlym~oed wyefln|yl mdn%ey m

benojoln ewlym~oed ey wyefln|yl$ ^cl obw`lbld"

~m~oed ej ~cov wyeflvv cmv ~e v~my~ xo~c ~cl bonn`l

bmdmhly od fcmyhl ej ~cl nlwmy~bld~ xclyl ~cl

fcmdhl xo`` eff|y$ Oj ~cm~ wlyved nelv de~ odjeyb

Vmjl~ ej ~cov fcmdhl, ~cld ~cl fcmdhl bmdmhl"

bld~ wyeflvv fmdde~ il obw`lbld~ln$

Md EVY od md eyhmdo{m~oed ov ~cl nojjlyldfl

il~xlld il`olzodh ~cm~ e| myl vmjl mdn adexodh

~cm~ e| myl vmjl$ ^cl ylzolx m``exv e| ~e `eea

m~ m`` ej e|y ewlym~oedv ~e nl~lybodl oj `m~ld~

yova fedno~oedv cmzl ilfebl wmy~ ej e|y ewlym"

~oedv$ Xco`l ~cov ov nedl m~ ~cl bonn`l bmdmhl"

bld~ `lzl`, o~ vce|`n il m jeybm` yova mvvlvvbld~

~cm~ i`mdal~v ~cl xce`l ewlym~oed$ O~ ov ed`

~cye|hc ~clvl ylzolxv ~cm~ bonn`l bmdmhlyv fmd

cmzl md ln|fm~ln adex`lnhl ej ~cl yova we~ld"

~om` ej ~cloy ewlym~oed$

Bonn`l bmdmhlbld~ vce|`n il cohc`

v|wwey~ozl ej ~clvl ewlym~oedm` ylzolxv mdn

xl`febl ~cl jodnodhv mv m xm ~e obwyezl ~cloy

ewlym~oedv mdn de~ fedvonly o~ ~e il m wyeflvv

~cm~ xo`` dlhm~ozl` ylj`lf~ ed ~cloy `lmnlyvcow

vao``v mdn bmdmhlbld~ fmwmio`o~olv$

Jodm``, lbw`ellv vce|`n cmzl m bl~cen ~e

ylwey~ cm{mynv ~cm~ ~cl eivlyzl od ~cl ewlym"

~oed$ ^cl vce|`n il jyll ~e ylwey~ xo~ce|~

jlmy ej ylwyovm`$ ^cl vmjl~ ejjofl vce|`n ~mal

m`` ylwey~v zly vlyoe|v` mdn lzm`|m~l fo~ln

cm{mynv od m ~obl` bmddly$ Bonn`l bmdmhlyv

ej~ld novfe|ymhl ~clvl ylwey~v$ ^cld, mj~ly md

odfonld~, odzlv~ohm~eyv jodn ~cm~ ~cl eyhmdo{m~oed

xmv mxmyl ej m cm{myn ~cm~ `ln ~e ~cl bovcmw i|~

~cm~ odv~o~|~oedm` blfcmdovbv jmo`ln ~e feyylf~

o~ ey m~ `lmv~ ylwey~ o~ ve ~cm~ o~ fe|`n il josln$

^clvl ylwey~v m``ex lbw`ellv ~e wmy~ofowm~lnoylf~` od ~cl VBV mdn il wmy~ ej ~cl wylzld"

~oed wyeflvv$ O~ ov m wevo~ozl be~ozm~ey$

^cl VMH w`mv m zo~m` ye`l od md VBV$ ^cl

hye|w ov bmnl |w ej bmdmhlyv xce xo`` ylzolx

~cl nm~m ~cm~ cmv illd wyezonln i ~cl vmjl~

ejjofl$ ^cl xo`` `eea m~ m|no~v, bovcmw odzlv~ohm"

~oedv, cm{myn ylwey~v, hem`v mdn eiklf~ozlv, j|~|yl

mf~ozo~olv mdn e~cly mylmv ej fedflyd$ O~ ov ~cloy n|~

~e ylzolx ~cl nm~m mdn bmal ylfebbldnm~oedv

~e vldoey bmdmhlbld~$ Mde~cly ylmved jey ~cl

obwey~mdfl ej ~cl VMH ov ~cl wevvoi`l yln|f~oed ejnoylf~ febb|dofm~oed il~xlld ~cl vmjl~ bmdmhly

mdn ~cl mffe|d~mi`l lslf|~ozl$ Wmymhymwc 3$:$< ej

~cl OFME Vmjl~ Bmdmhlbld~ Bmd|m` #VBB/,

Nef|bld~ ?3

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ned~ y|d ejj

Y|dxm lsf|yvoedv myl jmy beyl febbed ~cmd odf|yvoedv mdn ylv|`~ od

beyl jm~m`o~olv$ Ylfehdo{odh ~cl ~cylm~, J`ohc~ Vmjl~ Je|dnm~oed mdn ~cl

Od~lydm~oedm` Moy ymdvwey~ Mvvefom~oed cmzl wyen|fln ~cl Y|dxm Lsf|yvoed

Yova Yln|f~oed ^ee`ao~, m FN imvln ed dlmy` ~xe lmyv ej xeya i ~cl

Je|dnm~oedv Y|dxm Vmjl~ Odo~om~ozl ~lmb$

Jey ~cl `m~lv~ mdn ilv~ odjeybm~oed ed fm|vlv mdn bev~ obwey~md~

blmdv ej wylzld~oed ej y|dxm lsf|yvoedv, ~cov ov ~cl ve|yfl$

jvj blbily |v.>9pded"blbily |v.:7

Y|dxm Lsf|yvoedYova Yln|f~oed ee`ao~

Eynly ed"`odl m~xxx$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyhey fed~mf~ Dmbym~cm Mwwmyme, ~l`$; != 876$86?$:877, ls~$=7=1 l"bmo`; mwwmyme Gjohc~vml~$eyh$

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>: pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

NM~M`oda

X

ey`nxonl, ~cl oal`oceen

e m kl~ ey `myhl ~|yiewyew

ezlyy|ddodh ~cl y|dxm

ed `mdnodh xmv mie|~ vlzld~oblv hylm~ly xcld ~cl y|dxm xmv

xl~ ym~cly ~cmd ny, imvln ed mffonld~v

n|yodh ~cl wlyoen =??79778$ cl yova

e md ezlyy|d mffonld~ xcld `mdnodh

ed m hyeezln xl~ y|dxm xmv vohdoo"

fmd~` exly ~cmd ~cm~$

cevl myl mbedh ~cl odnodhv e m

v~|n wlyeybln i m fedv|`~odh oyb ey

ymdvwey~ Fmdmnm$= cl v~|n, nlvohdln

~e mvvlvv ~cl fev~v mdn ildlo~v e ylh|`m"

~ey ew~oedv ~e fcmdhl wyefln|ylv ey

`mdnodh ed xl~ y|dxmv, ylv|`~ln od m

ylwey~ ~cm~ fedvonlyln ~cl wyei`lb e

~clvl `mdnodhv yeb bmd mvwlf~v$9

Nlhymnln moyfym~ wlyeybmdfl

ed xl~ y|dxmv cmv mffe|d~ln ey ~cl

bmkeyo~ e moyfym~ mffonld~ ezlyy|dv ed

`mdnodh, ~cl ylwey~ vmv$ Ylfld~ fm~m"

v~yewcof mffonld~v od Ve Wm|`e, Iym{o`,

mdn eyed~e, Ed~myoe, cmzl cohc`ohc~ln

~cl fedflydv e `mdnodh ed xl~ y|dxmv$6

Imvln ed m nl~mo`ln lsmbodm~oed e

xl~ y|dxm `mdnodh ezlyy|d eff|yyldfl

ylwey~v mdn v~|nolv, moyfym~ ~lv~ nm~m mdn

mdm`vov e `mdnodh wlyeybmdfl ed xl~

y|dxmv, m febw|~ly benl` xmv fylm~ln

ey lv~obm~odh ~cl nov~yoi|~oed e yl"

}|oyln `mdnodh nov~mdflv |dnly vwlfoof

fedno~oedv$ cov benl` xmv |vln ~e

lv~obm~l ~cl yovav mdn ildlo~"fev~v ey m

ymdhl e moyfym~ |dnly zmyoe|v fedno"

~oedv ~e wyezonl md |dnlyv~mdnodh e ~cl

yovav mdn ~cl `oal` ezlym`` ildlo~"fev~v

e ~cl m`~lydm~l ylh|`m~ey ew~oedv fed"vonlyln, ~cl ylwey~ vmv$

cl mffonld~ mdn odfonld~ mdm`vov

mdn febw|~ly benl` vcexln ~cm~ ~cl

yovav e ezlyy|d mffonld~v myl b|fc

`exly od fe|d~yolv ey ylhoedv xclyl y|d"

xmv myl hyeezln$ cevl xo~c hyeezln

y|dxmv m~ bmkey moywey~v odf`|nl

M|v~ym`om, b|fc e L|yewl, Cedh Aedh,

Kmwmd, Bm`mvom, ~cl \do~ln Aodhneb,

~cl \do~ln V~m~lv mdn e~cly fe|d~yolv$

Fmdmnm ov md lsflw~oed1 m`bev~ dedl e

o~v y|dxmv myl hyeezln, ~cl ylwey~ vmv$

cl ym~oe e ~cl yova e md ezlyy|d

mffonld~ ed m xl~ y|dxm febwmyln ~e

~cl yovav ed m ny y|dxm xmv lv~obm~ln

~e il mwwyesobm~l` =7 ed |d"hyeezln%

ded"WJF #weye|v yof~oed fe|yvl/ y|d"

xmv mdn 9$< ed hyeezln%WJF y|dxmv,

~cl ylwey~ vmv$ Hyeezln ey WJF y|dxm

yln|fln ~cl yovav e md mffonld~ ed m xl~

y|dxm i mwwyesobm~l` 8< wlyfld~$

M ylzolx e `mdnodh ezlyy|dv od

Fmdmnm yeb =?3? ~cye|hc Bmyfc 9778

onld~ooln 98 odze`zodh kl~v mdn == odze`z"

odh ~|yiewyewv$ E ~cl 98 kl~ ezlyy|dv,

~cl y|dxm xmv xl~ ey =7, ey 68 wlyfld~,

mdn fed~mbodm~ln ey =>, ey

M`bev~ cm` e ~cl kl~ ezlyy|dv odze`zln

`myhl wmvvldhly"fmyyodh moyfym~ od vfcln"

|`ln ey bmkey fcmy~ly fmyyoly vlyzofl$ cl

ylbmododh mwwyesobm~l` 7

#MVX, 9%73, w$ >7/$ Fedvonlyodh ie~c

~cl kl~ mdn ~|yiewyew ezlyy|dv, od bev~

fmvlv xclyl ~cl moyfym~ xmv nmbmhln

ey nlv~yeln, ~cl moyfym~ v~y|fa md

eiklf~ ey xld~ nexd m v`ewl ey ymzodl,

~cl ylwey~ vmv$ Od ed` m lx fmvlv xmv

~cl moyfym~ nmbmhln xclyl ~cl ezlyy|d

mylm xmv `m~ mdn yll e eiklf~v, |v|m``

~cl devl xcll` iylmaodh e$

Ezlyy|d nov~mdflv ~cl nov~mdfl

~ymzl`ln wmv~ ~cl ldn e ~cl y|dxm

zmyoln yeb =7 ~e =,

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@mdnodh Ezlyy|d Nov~mdflv, Fmdmnomd Kl~v, =?3?Bmyfc 9778

7,

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>3 pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

NM~M`oda

~cyll ezlym``, i|~ ~cl zmyom~oed il~xlld fe|d~yolv

ov beyl wyede|dfln, ~cl ylwey~ vmv$ cl ym~l

ey Fmdmnm odfylmvlv vos"e`n, ey ~cl ylv~ e ~cl

xey`n o~ odfylmvlv e|y"e`n, xco`l ~cl \$V$ ym~l

ed` ne|i`lv$ cl Fmdmnomd ym~l ov lohc~ ~oblv

~cl \$V$ ym~l, mdn ~cl ym~l ey ~cl ylv~ e ~cl xey`n

ov ~cyll ~oblv ~cm~ e ~cl \$V$ cl Fmdmnomd

ym~l ov imvln ed m zly vbm`` d|bily e mffonld~v,

~cyll, i|~ ov v~m~ov~ofm`` vohdoofmd~` cohcly

~cmd ~cl \$V$ ym~l m~ ~cl 7$7= vohdoofmdfl `lzl` Qm

wyeimio`o~ e edl od =77 ~cm~ ~cl ylv|`~ ov n|l ~e

fcmdflR mdn ~cl cohc ym~l ov fedvov~ld~ xo~c ~cl

odfylmvln yovav mvvefom~ln xo~c |d"hyeezln y|d"

xmv$ cl ym~l ey ~cl ylv~ e ~cl xey`n ov imvln

ed bmd beyl mffonld~v mdn ~cl cohc ym~l ov m`ve

fedvov~ld~ xo~c m vohdoofmd~ wyewey~oed e ~cl

`mdnodhv ilodh ed |d"hyeezln y|dxmv$

Md mdm`vov e y|dxm fedno~oedv m~ ozl

bmkey Fmdmnomd moywey~v n|yodh Dezlbily

~cye|hc Bmyfc

nl~lybodln ~cm~ ~cl

y|dxmv xlyl xl~

=9$= wlyfld~ e ~cl

~obl$ Mde~cly mdm`vov

e|dn ~cm~ ~cl wly"fld~mhl e bezlbld~v

ed xl~ y|dxmv od

L|yewl zmyoln yeb $7, >$7, 97$7, 8:$7,

Il`ho|b =>666= =?$7, 6$7, =:$7, 3=$7,

Jod`mdn =96:=> 9=$7, $7, 9$7, =9$7, 3:$7,

Hlybmd 3>?976 96$7, $7,

Vxlnld 98

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Xl~ zv$ Ny @mdnodh Nov~mdfl

Xo~c Ylzlyvl cy|v~ jey Vl`lf~ln Moyfymj~ wlv

FYK

IM

=>:

IM

=>:

NF?

NF?

I8:8"

977

I8:8"

977

I8:8"

677

I8:8"

677

I888"

977LY

M6>7"

6=6

M6>7"

6=6

FYK

I8>8"

>77

=$7

=$=

=$9

=$6

=$>

=$

=$77 ey de, wmy~om`

mdn |`` |vl e ylzlyvl ~cy|v~ xcld `mdnodh ed m

xl~ y|dxm myl =$=:, =$9: mdn =$>= ylvwlf~ozl`$

cl ylwey~ vmv, Xo~c |`` ylzlyvl Q~cy|v~R, ~cl

`mdnodh nov~mdfl ym~oe ov f`evl ~e ~cl =< wlyfld~

xl~ y|dxm novwm~fc mnk|v~bld~ mf~ey, i|~ ~cl

`mdnodh nov~mdfl odfylmvlv i 9=$: wlyfld~

xcld ylzlyvl ~cy|v~ ov de~ |vln$

M ymdvwey~ Fmdmnm mdnodh wlyeybmdfl

v~|n benl`ln ~cl llf~ e ylzlyvl ~cy|v~ ey

vlzlym` moyfym~ mdn y|dxm ~wlv$ cl mzlymhl

llf~ e de~ |vodh ylzlyvl ~cy|v~ ed xl~ y|dxm

`mdnodh nov~mdfl xmv mv e``exv;

Fm~lheyI%F#|d"hyeezln/y|dxm,=7$

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Wyeimi`l @mdnodh Nov~mdflv jey m FYK ed m Xl~ ?

>,8,???

/$ Xo~c de ey `ohc~ ymodm``,

~cl fcmdfl e md ezlyy|d xmv e|dn

~e il zly `ex$ Od benlym~l ymodm``,

~cl `mdnodh nov~mdfl odfylmvln, i|~ ~cl

ennv e md ezlyy|d xlyl v~o`` `ex$

\vodh ~cl yova benl`, ~cl ylwey~

fedvonlyv ~cyll wyewevln ylh|`m~ey

m`~lydm~ozlv ey md odfylmvln novwm~fc

mf~ey ey `mdnodh ed xl~ y|dxmv$ F|y"

yld~`, ~cl ed` mnno~oedm` yl}|oylbld~

yl`m~ln ~e mdnodh ed xl~ y|dxmv ov

~cm~ m~ ~cl ~obl e novwm~fc, ~cl mdnodh

ol`n ldh~c yl}|oyln b|v~ il odfylmvln

i =< wlyfld~, ~cl ylwey~ vmv$ cov

ylv|`~v od m mf~ey xcofc b|v~ il mww`oln

~e ~cl MJB mdnodh nov~mdfl e =$?9 ey

~|yiekl~ moyfym~ mdn =$:> ey ~|yiewyew

moyfym~$

cl wyewevln m`~lydm~ozlv myl;

ewod =$ Odfmvn Novwmfc jmfv mdn D

ld y| y}|obd

cl xl~ y|dxm mdnodh novwm~fc

mf~ey xe|`n il vl~ mv e``exv;

Kl~xo~ce|~ylzlyvl~cy|v~;9$77

#hyeezln ey WJF y|dxmv/, e~cly"

xovl 9$>

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XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MlyeVMjl~Xey`n p jliy|my 97=7

NM~M`oda

^clnovwm~fcjmf~eyej9$>$ ymdvwey~ Fmdmnm nljdlv m xl~ y|dxm mv

m v|ymfl fedno~oed xclyl ~clyl ov m ~cod

`mly e xm~ly mdn ~cl mly e xm~ly ov 6

bb #7$== od/ ey `lvv od nlw~c$ M fed~mbo"

dm~ln y|dxm blmdv m y|dxm ~cm~ cmv

md wey~oed e o~v v|ymfl fezlyln i m

fed~mbodmd~, odf`|nodh v~mdnodh xm~ly,

v`|vc, vdex, febwmf~ln vdex, ofl ey yev~,

ey vmdn mdn ofl fed~ye` fclbofm`v$

6 #= ! 7$>6/$

:$ ^l xl~%ny`mdnodhnov~mdfl ym~oe ov

b|fc f`evly ~e = ~cmd ~cl xl~%nyv~ewwodh

nov~mdfl, ilfm|vl ~cl eybly odf`|nlv ~cl

wlyoen yeb xcld ~cl moyw`mdl ov

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8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

55/68

XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MLYEVMjL~yXey`n p jliy|my 97=7

OdjEvfmd

cmn lblyhln od j|`` jeyfl n|yodh ~cl h`onl ~e ~cl

C|nved, n|yodh xcofc V|``ldilyhly cmn y|~c"

`lvv` vcln nov~ymf~oedv, odf`|nodh cov exd jlmy

ej nlm~c$ Cl cmn wmyln nexd cov ~mva ~e bmaodh

~cl yohc~ nlfovoed mie|~ xclyl ~e `mdn, mdn cmn

je``exln ~cye|hc xo~c m cohc"v~malv j`odh kei$Cov wlyjeybmdfl xmv m xeya ej ls~ymeynodmy

fedfld~ym~oed, xcofc ~cl w|i`of bovylmn mv

fee`dlvv |dnly joyl$ Vebl ve`nolyv xo`` ylfehdo{l

~cl nov~odf~oed$

V|``ldilyhly xmv xo``odh, je``exodh ~cl mf"

fonld~, ~e mfflw~ m`` aodnv ej mxmynv, wyozo`lhlv

mdn ejjlyv, odf`|nodh edl jey cov m|~eioehymwc,

xcofc cmv vodfl illd w|i`ovcln$ I|~ o~ xmv de~

lhe~ovb ~cm~ wyebw~ln cob, @mdhlxolvfcl

il`olzlv$

Mj~ly nlfmnlv ej ldn|yodh ~cl odv|`~v ej mdmoy`odl fmylly ~cl imday|w~folv, ~cl f|~imfav,

~cl |doed v~yojl, m >7 wlyfld~ yln|f~oed od vm`my,

~cl nlv~y|f~oed ej cov yl~oylbld~ wldvoed cl

xmv nl~lybodln ~e `lzlymhl ~cov |dlswlf~ln

ewwey~|do~ ~e bmsob|b mnzmd~mhl, ~cl ieea

vmv$ Cl xmv n|l ~e yl~oyl od vlzld lmyv, m~ mhl

:

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pj`ohc~ vmjl~ je|dnm~oed p MLYEVMjL~yXey`n p jliy|my 97=7

OdjEvfmd

bohym~oed, ilfmbl j|``"~obl ylvonld~ wew|`m"

~oedv ldnexln, cexlzly, xo~c ~cl |yhl mdn

mio`o~ ~e j`$

Wylvld~`, ~cmdav ~e imddodh ej wlv~ofonlv

cmybj|` ~e ioynv, ldzoyedbld~m` wye~lf~oed mxv

mdn ~cl fedzlyvoed ej jeybly jmyb`mdnv, ~cldlx` ded"bohym~ey homd~ Fmdmnm hllvl vl~~`ln

febjey~mi od~e m wmymnovl xo~c jlx wylnm~eyv,

xclyl c|d~odh xmv jyexdln |wed, xclyl jeen

xmv mi|dnmd~ mdn xclyl ~clyl xlyl w`ld~ ej

he`j fe|yvlv, feyweym~l `mxdv mdn wylvlyzln xl~"

`mdnv ~e nebodm~l$ @mdhlxolvfcl vmv ~cloy \$V$

wew|`m~oed hylx jyeb mie|~ 977,777 od =?87 ~e

> bo``oed ~enm$

^cl nlvfyow~oed ej ~cl mffonld~ xcofc ov

od~lyy|w~ln i fcmw~lyv mie|~ o~v fm|vm` jmf"

~eyv ejjlyv jlx v|ywyovlv i|~ ov ~ceye|hc mdnnl~mo`ln$ Xl lmyd, jey lsmbw`l, ~cm~ V|``ldilyh"

ly xmv fmyyodh od cov j`ohc~ imh m `oiymy ieea,

K|v~ F|`~|yl; Im`mdfodh Vmjl~ mdn Mffe|d~mio`o~

#MVX, >%73, w$

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XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MLYEVMjL~yXey`n p jliy|my 97=7

OdjEvfmd

bod|v =$7 h, ~cl wmvvldhlyv fe|`n xm`a mye|dn

ed ~cl fmiod flo`odh, |wvonl nexd od yl`m~oed

~e ~cl lmy~c, i|~ jll`odh deybm`$ ^cov bohc~ il

mb|vodh ~e ~clb oj ~cl xlyl od ~cl yohc~ jymbl

ej bodn$

@mdhlxolvfcl adexv, ej fe|yvl, ~cm~ moy`odlwo`e~v j`odh md bmd|jmf~|ylyv wyen|f~ myl

lswlf~ln ~e il j|`` mxmyl ej ~cl vmjl `obo~v

~e fed~ye` odw|~v, mdn ~cm~ ~cl cmzl fefawo~

novw`mv mdn xmydodh vv~lbv ~e m`ly~ ~clb ~e

mdebm`olv$ Cov bmod myh|bld~ jey ~cl Moyi|v

fed~ye` fedflw~ ov ~cm~ lzld }|m`ojoln, zly

lswlyoldfln wo`e~v fmd evl vo~|m~oedm` mxmyl"

dlvv ymyl`, i|~ o~ cmwwldv, wmy~of|`my` od

lblyhldfolv$

e o``|v~ym~l cov ~clvov, cl odf`|nlv md mf"

fe|d~ ej ~cl Mblyofmd Moy`odlv Ielodh 897=7 |vodh febiodm~oedv ej

mdobm~ln j`ohc~ wm~cv, zonlev, ~ymdvfyow~oedv ej

moy ~ymjjof fed~ye` febb|dofm~oedv mdn fefawo~

zeofl ylfeynlyv #FZYv/, dmyym~ey zeofl"ezlyv,

wce~ehymwcv mdn beyl$

Jey lsmbw`l, ~cl mv~ ~xe bod|~lv ej ~cl

Fe`hmd Moy J`ohc~ 6>78 fymvc n|yodh mwwyemfc ~e

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8/9/2019 Asw_feb10 Roll Back on Final Ice Blockage and Gravity Waves

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XXX$j`ohc~vmjl~$eyh p MLYEVMjL~yXey`n p jliy|my 97=7

edYLFEYn

^cl je``exodh odjeybm~oed wyezonlv md mxmyl"

dlvv ej wyei`lbv od ~cl cewl ~cm~ ~cl fmd il

mzeonln od ~cl j|~|yl$ ^cl odjeybm~oed ov imvln

ed jodm` ylwey~v i ejjofom` odzlv~ohm~ozl m|~ceyo"~olv ed moyfymj~ mffonld~v mdn odfonld~v$

KL^ V

He"Me| Fe|fl ~ee @ex

i mw =>:"677$ n$ vs $

`mfa ej adex`lnhl mie|~ ~cl `efm` ~lyymod, m

he"mye|dn fedn|f~ln fed~ymy ~e febwmd

v~mdnmyn ewlym~odh wyefln|ylv #VEWv/ mdn

odm~~ld~oed ~e beyl ~cmd m ne{ld ldcmdfln

hye|dn"wyesobo~ xmydodh vv~lb #LHWXV/

xmydodhv xco`l foyf`odh ~e `mdn vl~ ~cl v~mhl jey

m fe``ovoed xo~c m co`` dlmy Xmbldm Moywey~ od

Wmw|m, mffeynodh ~e ~cl Dm~oedm` ^ymdvwey~m~oed

Vmjl~ Febbo~~ll #D^VF/ ej Odnedlvom$

^cl mffonld~ eff|yyln ~cl beydodh ej Mwyo`

?, 977?, n|yodh m vfcln|`ln wmvvldhly mdn fmyhe

j`ohc~ jyeb Vld~mdo xo~c ~xe wo`e~v, ~xe j`ohc~

m~~ldnmd~v, md ldhodlly mdn m emnbmv~ly$ De

wmvvldhlyv xlyl miemyn ~cl IMl =>:$

^cl wo`e~"od"febbmdn #WOF/, :, ~cl D^VF ylwey~ vmon$

Xmbldm Moywey~, xcofc ov m~ 67 j~ od

be|d~mode|v ~lyymod, cmn de odv~y|bld~ mw"

wyemfc wyefln|yl$ M ye|~odl xlm~cly ylwey~

ovv|ln mie|~ 67 bod|~lv iljeyl ~cl mffonld~

odnofm~ln ~cm~ v|yjmfl xodnv xlyl fm`b, zovoio`"

o~ xmv 3 ab #< bo/ od cm{l, mdn ~cl imvl ej m

iyeald flo`odh xmv m~ 677 b #?3> j~/$^cl wo`e~v fedn|f~ln m zov|m` mwwyemfc ~e

Y|dxm =

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7 nlhyllv, mdn ~cl moyfymj~ wo~fcln =7 nlhyllv

devl"nexd$ ^cl LHWXV hldlym~ln m NED^

VODA xmydodh, mdn ~cl fewo`e~ ylwlm~ln ~cl

xmydodh$

^cl WOF ylw`oln, _m, m$

^cl ylwey~ vmon ~cm~ ~cyll vlfednv `m~l