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FIELD AND FLINT CO.Brockton 68, Mass.

.May, 1953 31

Golfers everywhere are expressing much in-terest in these new clubs that are perfectfor bad lies. Carefully made to give plentyof distance, extra loft, and pin-point ac-curacy. Available immediately for only$15.00 retail.

RECORDED WOODS

For almost 50years :Burke has

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SOLD ONLY THROUGH PROFESSIONALS

32

Charles Morgan, hicago Di trtct, GolfA sn. pre ., at Western Golf sn, caddie-rna ters' dinner, aid that the moral,phy leal and financial hazard citie havefor youths give the golf club the bigge stopportunity for valuable publi '" rviceany business or social organization couldhave, and a responsibility golf mu t r c-ognize.

Arthur J. "Chapple" Chapman, veteranpro at Wheeling (W. Va.) CC recoveringfrom heart attack ... Harry Nash, New-ark (N. J.) Evening News golf writerand fellow who has done best work intournament radio coverage, recoveringfrom kidney infection ... Totten P. Hef-felfinger, USGA pres., given MinneapolisChamber of Commerce award for "out-standing service in winning national rec-ognition and honor for Minneapolis."

Paul Hahn again won big hand frompro and gallery for his trick 'hot e '-Wbition at the Master' .•. GrantlandRice portlight feature "Wizard of theClubs" showing Hahn at hi trick hadworld premiere at Augusta night beforeMasters' play began . . . Tom McHughnow pro at Elks CC, Bozeman, Mont.

(Continued on page 108)

THE GOLF P lModel No. I - $3.50

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A SCORE KEEPER FOR THOSEWHO WANT THE BEST

By a single press on the plunger the stroke isautomatically recorded. To reset dials to zeroturn knobs on face of PAL as indicated byarrows.

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Golfdom

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"Copper rivets through-out, solid brass locks onall pockets. Bra hard,'ware too!"

"It' rugged too! Shock-re i tor steelbottom ring protects it on carts, themolded rubber, non-skid bottom iguaranteed to outwear the bag ..•and these three teel tays keep it inshape always!"

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See PAR-BAG DELUXE atyourfavorite sporting goods store or pro shop. ATLA1iTlC PRODUCTS CORPORATION, Trenton, N. J •• World's largest maker of golf bags

M(lY, 1953 33

ElK YOTOMMY

"Thunderbolt"BOLT

member of the KroydonCompany advisory staff,winner of the 1953 SanDiego Open and TucsonOpen, plays KroydonGolf Clubs. He's full ofpraise for the •••

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34 Golidom

THE BUSINESS G 0 L FJOURNAL o F

• 1958

By LEO J. FESER

E TER AY, t 1 vision was a miracl .J t planes leave vapor trails aero s

skies, hardly causing an upwardglan by harried and hurried man be-n ath. Atom bomb n ws is ab orbed withour morning cereal, man continues to actlik th devil, tax s and death remainc rtain and much is r quir d to jar usfrom our casual attitud toward themiraculous nvironment surrounding us.W miss a lot of th fun of living whenwe fail to observ th unusual in thatwhich is common; look at th blossom ofth lowly dandelion with an ordinaryr ading gla s and you will agree. Th nlook at golf.

Shakespear could well hav been con-sidering that subj ct wh n h wrot,"Here is a wonder, if you talk of a won-dr." W might nlarge a bit and saythat h re ar many wond rs, for golf istruly a game commanding descriptiveadj ctives in abundance. It is a r mark-abl game. It is surprising, astonishingand incredible. It is enjoyable and pain-ful, invigorating and exhausting, ncour-aging and frustrative. Borrowing againfrom the Bard, it is truly a gam "won-drous strange."

A ball is driven down a fairway. Wene d not dwell on th fact that th playerstruck th ball, but that is oftimes awonder in itself when thought is givento the form of som who strike the ball.L t us pass up consideration of the volu-tion of the modern golf ball which is achapt r of marvels. The ball strikes thetu f. perhaps bounces a bit and n stIesdown, wh re? Statistics indicate that ina given 100 yards of fairway and the

Afay, 1953

rough on 30 feet each side of the fairway,the ball could top in anyone of 4,000,000places. To put it in a different light. onmight drive 4,000.000 balls - w say"might" and have them all n stle intheir respectiv Iit.tl nooks in the areagiven without one touching another.

If it i a wonder that the ball wasdriven from th t ,what about the c-ond shot? Where, oh where, does the lit-tle ball lie? On an upslant, down-lant or ide slant? Ben ath sh lterin

grass in th rough or on velv ty turf incenter fairway? Po ibly it lodg deepin the footprint of th sands where othertrod and thought!es ly failed to clo thpit behind them. Or in the divot hotof th qually thought! ss one who fail din the courtesy of replacement. Theond hot may b classified a th miraclshot of golf. How many miracle canth re b? Th shot may vary from afull wood to a short iron. It may requir ,as Gen ral Forr t r once said. " 1 va-tion of the sights a little low r." Oh.Bles us. we are in the land of miracl

lira I of the re nThen putting. Accurat ly rolling a we

sph re with a weighted tick over a ur-face trampled by thousands and thou-ands of foot-st ps daily. Over a surfa

on which balls with back- pin smack frommore than a hundred yards away, brakingsuddenly on turf cut less than a quart rinch high, barely marring the surface ofthat turf when conditions are right. Andnow ware off on the greatest marvel ofall: production and maintenance of golfcourse turf. L t the golfer go on up thecourse, p rforming his miracles a h

35

goes. He may collect a score that vieswith atom bombs for news space.

We stop and look at turf.Turf. Webster tells us, is the upper

stratum of earth and vegetable mold filledwith the roots of grass and other smallplants ... Hold it, Webster! Don't letthe chairman of the green committeecatch you filling golf turf with the rootsof other small plants! It just isn't beingdone in the best circles. As a matter offact, Mr. Webster, keeping out thoseother small plants is one of the wonderstha t prompted this story. Bu t we willby-pass that job for a moment and lookat the putting green, the acme of turfproduction.

The surface of a good green is compar-able to that of a fine Persian rug. Somedues-paying club members say greens costas much, but that is seldom true. Theyjust feel that way. There is no mat orspongy surface, the blades of grass areupright, the roots deep enough to carrythe grass through hot and windy dayswithout injury and there must be no im-perfections which can logically be blamedfor missed putts. The grass is dense, sodense that if one can visualize an Iowacorn field in July with the corn plants lessthan two inches apart, he can create animaginary magnified putting green. Ahundred individual plants to each squareinch of putting green surface is not un-common.

A putting green is a contradiction. Na-ture provides no comparable phenome-non - tender, living plants must bear thetraffic expected of a floor, a path, a road-way. These living plants must not bepermitted the natural function of provid-ing food or flower - they are clipped asshort as mechanical means make pos-sible - yet they must live and thrive toperform their unnatural function. A hostof enemies apply constant pressure todestroy it - insects to eat it, earthworms to cast up excremental heaps tomar its surface and plaster down the tinyleaves, heat to scald it, cold to freeze it,rain to drown it, disease to wither it andhumans to trample it with spiked shoestwisted vigorously into its very soul.Withal it must provide the expectant golf-er with what he demands: a true puttingsurface, a surface that will "hold" a pitch.

Webter Mised His ,hotMr. Webster and his other small plants

must now receive attention. Among thoseother small plants that would appreciate

homesite in the ideal soil and moistureenvironment afforded by the putting

36

green are plantain, chickweed, poa annua,shepherd-purse, clover, yarrow and manyothers, including that Vishinsky of acqui-sition, crabgrass. Roots of these enemiesof fine turf can hardly be found withoutthe attached leaves and stems, so themiracle of a putting green must be placedbeyond the Websterian concept of turf.

Back now to the further miracle of golf.let us turn our reading glass over toexamine some of the humans who aremuch a part of the miracle. The playerwho nonchalantly tosses his burning ciga-rette onto the tender turf as he leans hisweight on his putter and scratches amark to show when a ball has come to atemporary rest. How very human of himto miss that putt when he follows 20 to30 foursomes who took the same unkindliberties! How miraculous is his silenceand lack of blame to all but himself!

The golf course superintendent whoseresponsibility it is to maintain the turfis somewhat of a miracle-man himself.Director of a handful of men who arearmed with tools of the trade, he com-bines art and science to produce and pro-tect the turf which is the basis of golf.Occasionally the forces opposed to himget the upper hand; grass dies and golfsuffers. Woe unto him who allows golfto suffer! Atom bombs and taxes areforgotton by he who wields the club;miracles become commonplace, wrathmore so. The day is ruined; it is obviousthat some one simply doesn't know hisbusiness!

Aye, Mr. Shakespeare, golf is indeed agame "wondrous strange."

At semi-public courses used clubs takenin on trade sell about as fast as new clubsbecause so many of the players havesharply limited purchasing capacity forgolf and they want to get th most golfmoney will buy.

If the semi-public cour e pro shopdoesn't meet the pric competition thbusiness goes to the stores and the playerdoesn't get the quality for the money he'dget in a good used set. The semi-publicourse pro makes a mistake if he looks atthe traded-in club sales as a nee ssaryevil. He should consider this business as avery important start in getting a playerin the habit of buying the best for themoney at his shop and that will put thepro in a strong selling position in all priceclasses.

-Homer Herpel,Indian Meadows GC, St. Louis. Mo.

Goljdom.

r Pred

•cr. ot e

By o. J. NOERWith Merion blue grass ed priced at

3.00 to 5.00 or more per lb., and seedof th newly developed Poly cross strainof bent grass for greens at 7.50 per lb.,the cost of seed on an acre basis exceedsthe value of the land upon which mostgolf courses ar built. To use Merionblu grass costs from $120 to 200 peracr for seed at the modest seeding rateof 40 lbs. per acre, or $300 to 500 at arat of 0 to 100 lbs. When Polycrossbent is used at the suggested rate of 1 lb.per 1,000 sq. ft., the cost on an acre basisis $325, and at double this rate, or 2 lbs.per 1,000 sq. ft., the cost b come 650per acre.

Obviously it behooves anybody usingeith r of these grasses to make condi-tions for germination and subsequentseedling growth as near ideal a possible.It is important on small test areas, buteven more so on large scale s edings.Good seedbed pr paration, the use of limeon acid soil and ample fertilizer beforese ding are extremely important. Uniformdistribution of seed and plac m nt at thbest d pth for growth affect th uniform-ity of stand. An adequate supply of mois-tur for germination and seedling growthis ess ntial.

Frost and wind are deadly and devastat-ing enemies of shallow rooted, tender se d-ling grass. During a mid-wint r or earlyspring thaw, in an open wint r, nightlyfrosts heave the grass plant out of thsoil and expose them to the drying actionof sun and wind. Heaving desi cation arefar more deadly than the actual cold.Serious loss seldom occurs if there is adense ward of d eply rooted grass beforth ons t of wint r. Early s ding in thfall, immediately after th br ak in hotw ath r, is important along with the useof ampl phosphate and nitrog n to spe dgrowth and short n the tim r quir d tod v lop a deeply rooted grass. The f r-tilizer is good insuranc . Its cost is smallas compared with the cost of seed andseedb d preparation.

edbed PI' parationS dbed preparation may make the

differ nee between success and failure.To throw grass seed into a loos , dry soil

May, 1953

is a waste of good eed. The neces itvfor an ample and continuous supply ofsoil moisture for seed to sprout and growis obviou. The final seedbed must bfirm without clods of any size. It musthave a thin cover of loose, mellow 011

so the seed can make contact with andbecome a part of the soil. Seed cannotabsorb water unless it is in direct contactwith moist soil particles.

In arly times seedbed preparation onfairways was more thorough than now.Unfortunately, some of the equipmentused then ha not been adapted for usewith modern tractors. Fairways wereplowed, disced several times and floatedto level the surface . With the exceptionof steep slopes, subject to bad wash, theywere worked during the ntire summerwith a tool which improved tilth andsmoothed the surface. Two doubl rowsof circular knives (one pair in front andthe other in the r ar) destroyed any andall clods and the wooden frame and cropiece in the middle eliminat d slightponded depressions. The continuous cul-tivation sprouted and killed most of theweed se ds and made a smooth, firm,ideal seedbed.

Those who do not adopt th se practiceshould disc and harrow enough time toproduce a firm, mellow eedbed and shouldus a Me ker disc after se ding. Thismachin has two corrugated roller s whichpress the eed into the soil and 1 ave aslightly roughen d surface which i desir-able, provided the machine is op ratedcrosswise on slopes which are ubjectto wash.

On putting greens the final s edbedshould be pr pared with ven great I' care.A smooth, well contour d urfac of clod-free mellow soil is th first t p in thequick developm nt of a satisfactory play-ing surfa e. Before s eding, and notafterwards, i the time to eliminat lowponded pockets or high spots. A heavytopdressing for th purpose of levelingafter th gra becomes establish d checksgrowth and may smother the grass. Afterthe topsoil is in place and the urface isshaped in accordance with the archit cts'design, th green should be rolled. Besides

37

firming the seedbed, rolling enables one tospot quickly the high spots or low pockets.

The next step is for workmen to pushsoil from high spots into adjacent depres-sions with the backs of wooden rakes, orwith a homemade soil pusher. It may be-come necessary to remove part of the soilfrom high spots and sometimes more top-soil is needed to level low spots. It is wellto roll again with a light weight rollerbefore the final inspection to checksmoothness of the surface. A little extracare at this stage pays off handsomelylater when play starts. After surfacesare exactly right, the top 14 in. of soilshould be stirred with sharp rakes toprepare the seedbed. Light rolling afterscattering the seed is advisable to insuregood contact of the seed with the soil.

oil Conditioners ot JustifiedWhere chemical soil conditioners have

been used the initial stand of grass fromseed has been poorer on some of thetreated than on untreated plots. Becauseof the marked granulation failure to rollsufficiently to bring the seed into contactwith soil moisture is the plausible ex-planation. The evidence up to now, andthe very high cost, does not justify theuse of chemical conditioners on an acreagebasis. Apparently surface applications ofsmall amounts prevents crusting of thesoil and stops erosion. If true, their usein this way on banks and slopes may bejustified.

The matter of cost is of secondary im-portance on greens, but how long thesesoil conditions will stabilize soil in greensis open to question because of the terrificcompaction from traffic and heavy water-

ing. Based on present knowledge, thelarge scale use of chemical soil condi-tioners on new or established greens ishardly justified. They should be tried ina small way first, because they may bethe answer in part to a vexing problem.Some soil workers contend that soil condi-tioners of themselves do nothing to im-prove soil tilth. They stabilize the physicalsoil condition. According to them goodsoil tilth must be developed while mixingthe conditioner with the soil. Working thesoil develops good structure and then itis stabilized. If this be true, a surfaceapplication on a hard, compacted greenis not the way to improve soil structure.

Lime I ec aryThe use of lime is necessary for the

successful maintenance of a good blue-grass turf. Otherwise the bluegrass willdisappear gradually over a period ofseveral years. Excessive soil acidity andlow content of available soil phosphorusare the reasons for the absence of volun-teer bluegrass in New England and alongthe Atlantic Seaboard.

If the soil is moderate to strongly acid,the use of some lime is desirable for thebest performance of bent grasses.

A soil test for reaction is the correctway to determine need for lime. Presentpractice is to express reaction in termsof pH. By this method the figure 7 repre-sents a neutral soil. Lower figures denoteincreasing acidity. The use of lime isjustified when soil reaction is below pH6.0. There are several reliable and in-expensive quick test kits on the market.Dyes which change colors over a specific

(Continued 012 page 89)

RATES FOR APPLYING GROUND LIMESTONE TO NEW FAIRWAYSSoil pH Blue Grass, Bermuda Fescue

the Yardstick Degree Rye Grass Bent GrassesUsed to Express of Sandy Loams & Sandy Loams &

Acidity Acidity Loams Clays Loams Clays7 Neutral 0 0 0 0

6.3 to 7.0 Very Slight 0 0 0 05.8 to 6.2 Slight 1000 1500 0 05.3 to 5.7 Medium 2000 3000 1000 15004.8 to 5.2 Strong 3000 4000 2000 30004.0 to 4.7 Very Strong 4000 6000 3000 4000

RATES FOR APPLYING GROUND LIMESTONE TO NEW GREENS

Soil Reaction6.6 to 7.0 pH6.1 to 6.55.6 to 6.05.1 to 5.54.6 to 5.04.0 to 4.5

3

Limestone RatesPounds per 1000 Sq. Ft.

o Ibs.0-10 "

10-20 II

20-40 to

40-60 to

60-80 II

Golidam

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THE ULTRA

IN GOLF EQUIPMENT

WALTER HAGEN

Grand Rapid. 2, MidigoD • Division 01 W/"on Spor,ing Gooch Co.

May, 1953 39

o lum Arsenite as ontrolfor Crabgrass, Poa Annua

By DAN L. HALL. Jr.Supt. Peachtree Golf Club. Atlanta. Ga.

Sodium arsenite has been used as anherbicide since the early 20s, but to myknowledge it has never been looked uponvery favorably in the South. Many out-standing herbicides have been developedsince the release of chemical restrictionsof World War II. These have been de-veloped and used primarily for specifictypes of vegetative life. One of thesechemicals may kill this plant but havelittle or no effect on another; but in usingsodium arsenite I have found it to beadaptable to practically all of my herbi-cide problems.

The biggest problems in North CentralGeorgia are crabgrass, crowfoot, and dal-lisgrass. The pest of winter and springis of course poa annua. I would not saythat sodium arsenite will kill all unde-sirable plant life but when proportionatelymixed with other herbicides there is noweed problem that cannot be handled. Ishall endeavor to tell in this article ofmy experience. good and bad, with thisparticular herbicide.

Our initial experience with sodiumarsenite was when we experimented withthe hope of using it to step up ourBermuda and thereby avoid the unfavor-able transition from rye to Bermuda.This normally caused a period of fromsix to eight weeks of the poorest puttingconditions imaginable. Knowing that ryewas easily killed by sodium arsenite wedecided to kill the rye on one-half of eachgreen as soon as conditions were favor-able. These conditions appear approxi-mately the last week or ten days of April.Test run in Spring of 1950 proved that3 oz. sodium arsenite per 1.000 sq. ft.would give us the desired results. Thefirst application was made the third weekof April 1951 and all rye on the treatedsection was completely killed within 48hours. Little attention was paid to at-mospheric and soil temperatures, humidityand soil moisture. Those greens treatedduring the hottest portion of the dayshowed decisively adverse affects on theBermuda. Still, a transfer from rye toBermuda was successfully made the lastweek-end of May 1951.

40

Three- Way TreatmentAfter the transfer, another important

fact loomed before us. The crabgrass onthe treated side was lessened so muchthat it was rated 90 percent less thanthe untreated side. The untreated sidewas then treated with a similar treatmentthe second week of June 1951. The r -suIts were rated excellent. Little effectdid the two treatments have on crowfootor dallis, but we shall discuss these twolater.

The following December I discov redthat the side treated in April had littlor no poa annua while the side treated inJune was very heavily infested. I imme-diately began to plan for my weed controlprogram of 1952 with this thought inmind; if th operation was properly donewe could accomplish three jobs in oneapplication of sodium arsenite. We couldspeed up the Bermuda by lessening thecompetition of rye and at the same timeeffectively control both crabgrass and poaannua. I read and studied what few rec-ords were kept of the 1951 operation andset up the plans for 1952. By burning thepoa infected half first I would then havecomplete coverage in regards to this wor-risome pest.

This operation was begun at 9:50 AM.April 28, 1952; after poling and allowingthe grass to thoroughly dry. The temper-ature was 78"[;,. humidity low and thesoil moisture on the side to be treat dabout one third the amount required forthe optimum growth of rye grass. Imention these conditions here becausthey are of utmost importance and weredisregarded in the first treatment withdecisive disadvantages to the Bermuda.Wishing to avoid the same mistak . Icarried and staked in the area to be tr at-ed a thermometer which was carefullyread before mixing. For each 5 degree Fincrease in temperature I reduced thesodium arsenite one-quarter oz. The lasttwo greens treated received a total ofone-quarter ounce per thousand whilthe first three wer treated with 3 oz. P 1"

1000 sq. ft. I used 12.5 gal. of wat r at

Golfdom