at which north pole does santa claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150...

19
At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? North Reference

Upload: others

Post on 14-Jul-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

At which North Pole does Santa Claus live?

North Reference

Page 2: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

True North The earth’s axis of rotation

Page 3: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Magnetic North Where your compass points

Page 4: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Grid North Where the UTM grid lines “point” to

Grid Nerd

Page 5: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

The North Reference you choose

determines where 0° is when you measure an angle

with your protractor or compass.

MN

15°GN

0° 25'

N340320

300

280

W26

024

022

0

200S 160

140

120

100E

8060

40

20

0355350345340335330325320

310

305

300

295

290

285

280

275

270

315

9085

8075

7065

6055

50

403530252015105

180185190195200205210215220

140145150155160165170175

45

130125

120115

110105

10095

135

265

260

255

250

245

240

235

230

225

www.maptools.com©2004 MapTools

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90123456789

1:24,000 UTM GridEach mark is 100 meters

MN

15°GN

0° 25'

Page 6: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

True v.s. Magnetic North

Page 7: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

What is the difference here?

• Fruitvale Ave. is aligned with True North. • So are the edges of parking lots 4 & 5. • Let’s go take a bearing along the edge of lot 4

and see what we get…

Page 8: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

USA Declination Map

Page 9: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

World Declination Map

Page 10: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

High Definition Geomagnetic Model

Page 11: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Declination Diagrams

Page 12: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Declination changes over time

• Here in Northern California it changes by about 1° every 20 years.

• The declination shown on your topo map may be out of date.

• What about declination displayed by my GPS? –It probably correct as of the date of manufacture.

Page 13: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

2010

2000

16001700

18001900

2000

19001800 1700 1600

Magnetic Poles

North Pole South Pole

Page 14: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Declination Calculator at www.ngdc.noaa.gov

Page 15: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Local Anomalies

• May be as much as 90 degrees –3-4 degrees is common

• North of Kingston, Ontario; 90° of anomalous declination. • Kingston Harbor, Ontario; 16.3° W to 15.5° E of anomalous declination

over two kilometers (1.2 miles); magnetite and ilmenite deposits. • Savoff, Ontario (50.0 N, 85.0 W). Over 60° of anomalous declination.     • Ramapo Mountains, northeastern New Jersey; iron ore; compass rendered

useless in some areas. • Near Grants, New Mexico north of the Gila Wilderness area; Malpais lava

flows; compass rendered useless.  

Page 16: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

MN

14°GN

1° 33'

Using your GPS & compass to measure

current local magnetic declination

d > 300m

WPT001

GPS GOTO WPT001

Bearing 214° True

Compass Bearing to Palm 200° Magnetic

Current Local Magnetic Declination is 14° East of True North

Page 17: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Angular Error in GPS Bearing to Waypoint

10m

x

10m

x

d

α

α

ααd

100m200m300m400m500m600m700m800m900m1000m

6°3°2°

1.4°1.1°1.0°0.8°0.7°0.6°0.57°

tan

tan-1

Page 18: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

0 10 20 3040

5060

7080

90100

110120

130

140150160170180190200210

2202

3024025026

027

028

0290300310

320 3

30340 350 MN

16°GN

1° 33'

Using your map & compass to measure

current local magnetic declinationCompass

Trail Jct -> Peak 52° Mag.

From the map Trail Jct -> Peak

68° True

Current local magnetic declination

is (68 - 52) 16° E. of True North

Page 19: At which North Pole does Santa Claus live? · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Check you compass & sighting technique using these methods and the declination for the area

• Find some place near your home to establish your personal compass testing location.

• Identify several features, at least 1km away, that you can sight on.

• Use a map to determine True bearings to these features. Convert these bearings to Magnetic using the calculated declination for the area.

• Check your compass and technique. Experiment with the your gear to see if it influences your compass.

• Keep notes, so you can repeat this in the future.