AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

(ATCM)

By:

Rishu Seth

Mohammad Sarfaraz Khan

Soham Kulkarni

CHAIRMAN HIGH INTEGRITY SYSTEMS Mr. Matthias Wagner

Professor and Project Mentor Mr. Gerd Doeben-Henisch

REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS A Real Time Operating System are

intended for real-time applications. A key characteristic of RTOS is the level

of its consistency concerning the amount of time it takes to accept and complete an application´s task.

Real Time Computing

In Computer Science, Real-time computing or Reactive computing is the study of hardware and software systems that are subject to a ´real-time constraint´.

A Real-time system is the system where its application can be considered to be mission critical.

So, a real-time deadline must be met, regardless of its system load.

Basic Functioning of RTS :

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air.

The primary purpose of ATC systems worldwide is to separate aircraft to prevent collisions, to organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and to provide information and other support for pilots when able.

Modes of Air Traffic Control There are two types of controls that are

exercised by the Air Traffic Control Systems :

1. Air Control 2. Ground Control

1. Air Control :

The primary method of controlling the immediate airport environment is visual observation from the Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)

The ATCT is a tall, windowed structure located on the airport grounds.

Generally planes in air are having more priority than on ground due to hazards.

2. Ground Control

Ground Control is responsible for the airport "movement" areas, as well as areas not released to the airlines or other users.

Ground Control is vital to the smooth operation of the airport, because this position impacts the sequencing of departure aircraft, affecting the safety and efficiency of the airport's operation.

THE V - PROCESS MODEL

Usage of V-Model in our Project : Our whole project is based on the V-Model

process model as we begin with the exploration of the Requirement Analysis followed by our proposed Architectural design which is then followed by the Technical Blueprint of our design to be implemented.

After the analysis part is finished, the designing part commences wherein the coding part is divided into several units and the coding is carried out for these units.

Usage of V-Model in our Project : After the coding part is done over with,

the testing part begins and we test and debug the code for each unit, .i.e. the Unit Testing takes place and after each unit is successfully tested and maintained.

The System Integration then takes place wherein we integrate all the units and then test the system as a whole.

Usage of V-Model in our Project : This process of System testing and

maintaining is carried out several times and after getting rid of every possible loophole and implementing the ideas successfully, the project is affirmative with respect to the implementation of the V- Process Model.

Plan of Action for the first project report : Gathering required information

regarding project, e.g. runways information , flight`s speed, height, distance information.

Analyzing the practical result against the desired result with time as a constraint.

Selecting the platform for the development of project. E.g. java or .net or C , C++ etc.

Plan of action during the second project report :Runways :

One of the most important aspect of the project was the selection of the most appropriate runway and these are the types which were at my disposal :

1. Asterisk Runway : Handling of planes was possible from every possible direction.

2. Plus Runway : Handling of planes is possible from 4 directions.

3. Horizontal-T Runway : Quick arrivals and departures become easy.

Eventual Result (Project Report 2) : The type of runway that we opted for

resembled much to the “HORIZONTAL T-RUNWAY” but not exact.

The reason being that the first two are more appropriate for scenarios where there are many number of planes in operation and also all the directions are available. But due to time constraints, we had to limit our project and with limited operations the runway resembling the ‘T’ was much more suited to our purpose.

Plan of Action for Third Project Report :

The task that we had to accomplish was the most important aspect in quest of taking the first big step towards implementation of the ideas wherein we had to do the designing of the technical blueprint of the project.

We gathered all the details and information and by selecting the most important points represented them on paper using which as a source, a graphical representation was designed in a GUI (Graphical User Interface ) environment which in our case was the Net Beans on Java so as to get the first real picture of the project .

Plan of Action for Fourth Project Report :

This time we needed to construct the scheduler for the project. In the previous project reports we had discussed the scenarios involving 8 planes ,6 planes as well as 4 planes.

Eventual Result (Project Report 4) :

As the number of planes were increasing the scenarios with it also increased exponentially and as there was always the time constraint as a significant matter, we had to select the number of planes using which we could demonstrate our project successfully.

Finally after going through all the pros and cons and also considering the fact that the probability of errors creeping in would increase with the increase in the scenario, we finalized the number of planes that would be handled as 4 wherein 2 two planes would be on the ground and 2 in the air.

Plan of Action for Project Report 5 : the coding part was initiated during these

weeks where the time constraint was kept in mind. The coding part was divided into different units and code was written for each unit and then tested with respect to the actual project.

What was also worked upon was the controlling of the landing and takeoff of the planes from the specified directions so as to divert the planes in case of delayed landing or takeoff and if the runway is busy.

Eventual Result ( Project Report 5) :

The design of the movement of planes was done using the JDK Net Beans 6.8 wherein we used the AWT components like the JPanel and JFrame and methods like FillOval, DrawLine,etc as a transmitter in the project.

Also the “Screen Display” was designed using the same methodoligies and tools as mentioned above wherein the input values could be given and the result would be displayed depending on those values.

Compliance of our ATC Project with RTS with Diagram and Descriptions :

Notations : Gamma (Ґ) = Set of Tasks. T.T = combines the event(E) with task gamma (Ґ), then task is

activated and put into que(Q). Q = set of all tasks which should be processed at a certain point

of time. Sched = gets as input the set of ‘Q’(the tasks in Q), then ‘sched’

clears the ordering and puts the task in Q* priority wise. Pie (π) = Set of rules about priority of tasks. DM=Deadline Monotonic-Di<Dj ,then π i> π j, i.e. if the deadline of

i is smaller than j, then the priority of i is greater than j, where D is the relative

deadline and π is the priority. EDF = Earliest Deadline First. RR = Resource Rule : If a task is writing in a critical resource, it

can’t be stopped or interrupted anyhow. E(events) = the events in our project our when the pilot asks the

controllers.

Notations :

For eg-

1)Should I land? 2)Should I take off?

Task = Our prime task in here in this project is to make sure that air traffic is controlled without any mishappening even in adverse conditions efficiently. The planes that are in air should be provided runaway as soon as possible according to its deadline and the plane ready to take off, should be given proper space to take off efficiently.

Then the E(event) is combined with Tasks.

Set of priority rules = The priority rules according to our project are given below :   1) The maximum priority is given to the plane with shortest deadline. 2) Then the planes to be landed are given priority over the planes that have to take

off. 3) In case we don’t consider any plane landing then the priority to the plane from the

planes ready to take off is given according to the given input.

Notations :

EDF = Earliest Deadline First : We followed this criteria and is set in the input window. Input is given according to the current situation based on already concluded decision that which plane needs to be landed first or which can wait for sometime according to the deadline of the respective plane. So the sequence in the input window follows the EDF rule of RTS.

RR = Resource Rule : This rule is also being followed and once the input has been given according to the deadlines of respective planes and once our scheduler starts working, i.e. our processes of landing the planes or take off has started writing in the critical resource, it shouldn’t be and can’t be interrupted anyhow.

In the end when the given task are being completed one by one, ‘RESPONSE’ is being displayed showing the status of the processes, which are completed.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT WITH SCREENSHOT :

Project Flow :

Description : We begin by proving our authorization as it is a critical

system and then start by giving the inputs where we enter the number of planes for which we want to see the result where the limit is a maximum of 4 planes from where on we specify the number of planes that are on ground and in air with both the scenarios having a limit as 2 planes.

Now we specify the direction of either (North, South, East, West) for each of the planes.

After all the inputs have been given, the execution part starts where the movement of the plane is displayed and the highest priority is given to the plane which has been specified as the first plane.

Description :

Similarly the priority is specified for each plane in the order of which they are selected.

The Receiver window then pops up and the current status of the plane is displayed also with its graphical representation where Y-axis represent No of planes and X-axis the time,and we can view the status of the other planes as well and then by clicking on Exit, we are logged out of the session.

Example of Implementation of our project :

Description :

In our example, we have shown the worst case scenario that we have considered in our project, i.e. maximum 4 number of planes (2 in air ready for landing and 2 on ground waiting for take off).

They are being set in our input window and now we have to control their respective processes.

Notations :

L1 = Plane that has to be landed first from north to south(maximum priority/shorter deadline).

L2 = Plane that has a bit less priority than L1 and has to be landed second.

T1 = Plane ready to take off first as runway is free.

T2 = Plane to take off after landing of L1.

Technical Table (ATC):

Notation descriptions : The basic steps that are executed when we handle our

scenario are as follows : 1) L2 was scheduled to land on runway no. 3 (i.e. from north

to south), but L1 was having more priority, i.e. short deadline, so L1 was given the runway and L2 is being asked to land from east to west i. e. runway no. 2.

2) L1 lands on runway 3 and L2 moves on the eastern side. 3) After L1 lands and the runway is clear, T2 plane is being

asked to take off from 3. 4) In the mean time, L2 turns around from 3(north) to land

from 2(i.e. east to west) the plane waiting there T1 takes off and the runway is clear for L2 to land safely.

So according to the set of priority rules, different tasks were completed.

Hazard Analysis : A hazard analysis is a process used to

assess risk. The results of a hazard analysis is the

identification of unacceptable risks and the selection of means of controlling or eliminating them.

An analysis or identification of the hazards which could occur at each step in the process, and a description and implementation of the measures to be taken for their control.

Event Tree Analysis (ETA) :

Software Specification :

Environment used : Java (JDK 1.6), Java NetBeans Version 6.8.

Operating System : Windows XP , Vista.

Significance of Simulation of Air Traffic Control Project :

1. This simulation of ATC considers and satisfies all the 4 directions successfully for the planes in the air, .i.e. for the planes preparing to land.

2. This simulation of ATC considers and satisfies all the 4 positions successfully for the planes on the ground, .i.e. for the planes preparing for take-off.

3. This simulation of ATC functions successfully without any collisions and it operates in such a way that the chances of any collision taking place nullifies.

Significance of Simulation of Air Traffic Control Project : 4. This simulation of ATC prioritizes by using

the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) where in the one with the nearest deadline is given the highest priority.

5. This simulation of ATC successfully maintains the exchange of instructions and signals between the ATC Controller and the Flight Crew.

6. This simulation of ATC successfully satisfies all the priorities that have to be considered during the Landing and Takeoff scenarios.

Thank You

Questions?