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THE P1BST AUSTRIAN 6ampSH3tYipound

THE JADAR CAMPAlON

(Covering the Operations from August 12 to 25 1914)

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After a serioa of eventstoo lbn^ to onuaorate iti

this paper i) oulmluatintf in the assassination of the

Austrian Crown Prinoe at Sarejovo on Juno 23 1914 (2)

Austria dellverea an ultltcatum to 5erbia Thia ultimatum

was deliverod on July 23rd and granted Serbia only forty-

eight hours for roplylaquo The terms of this ultimatum reqshy

uired the virtual surrender of Serbian sovoriegnityraquo Serbia

aooepted tho teniis in the main but requested that certain

points be subnettod to arbitration (3)

Vhis rOqUest vtB refused and at 6i5O PM July 25th

the Austrian Minister at Belgrade prosented a note to the

Serbian government informing it that tne Serbian reply wxs

unaatiofaotory and that Austria was sovering diplomatio

relations at onoo (4)

Austria- Kui^gary mobilized hor army itsraediatoly and

declarod war on 3orbia on July 26 1914 (6 j

1 Chap I 2 page 16 3 17 U pace (B

JOBILIZAfiIQ AN

Tho mobilisation of the opposing forces In the Balkan

theater of operations proceeded in accordance with plans for

offense and defonso previously prepared by tho Austria-Hungarian

and Serbian staffs (1) Austria- Hungary roalizod that tho

entranoe of Russia Into the conflict was almost e certainty (2)

and so the original plan for mobilisation for a Balkan wur

was necessarily modified (3)

Serbia threatend by invasion from Austria (4) and

with the possibility of a Bulgarian invasion from tho east (0)

mobilised its entire arroy at onoe (6) Montenoflro Serbias

tiny neighbor to the west mobilised U s entire foroo gts well

The mobilisation of these two started on July 2bt 1914 (7)

A detailed statement of the initial mobllltation tho piano

of Loth sidesrop-deprior to the war end a study of the military

geography of this theater have boon omitted Theso subjects will

be found in detail in Individual Research study Ko6i 1934

prepared by Captain R 0 Lehman Ivtampntryraquo

lieutenant General PotiOrek ooosnandor-ln-ohief of tho

Austrian Balkan forces(6) submitted his plan inoludias his i r

- bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull V t bullbullbull bull V gt bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - 7 bull bull bull

scheme of maneuver to the Chief of the Austrian Oeneral Staff

On August 4 1914 (9) Ho intended to attaoJc on thelower Drina

on 18 August in the direction of ValJovo(lO) oxpeotng to

have M s Fifth Army (Uout Gen von Prank)(11) reaoh the neiî-

borhood of that town by 16 August That dxlaquoy or the day followshy

ing he expeoted to have tho Sixth Army (Lieut Gon Fotlorek)(12)

ttition to taaxe a ooncontrio an bOttltion to make A oonootitrlo attack on Uahltsa sendinp thoAHLW ptges 73-74AHLrf paglaquolaquo (7)p g 64-49AAlV laquo 69 (8AAliVi PttePttelaquo 69 8 AHLV page 26 A1ILV pace 66 9)) OD page 13 AUtt pagol 64-69 lO(10)) -03H pampamp 9

(11) M t pafld 26 pfige 70-73 (12) AHLW pago 29

pagd 15 II

XVI Corps (Liout Gen Wurm) (1) In two oolumno from

otohva on Plovlio and tho XV Corps (Lieut Gen von

Appol) (2)i In two columns from Visegrad (3) He oonshy

firmed this plan by letter on 12 August (4) (For disshy

tribution of forces and plan see Map A)

Realizingthat the bulk of the Second Army (Lieut V bull -- bull - bullbull raquo

Oen Bohm-Ermolll) (5) would coranence its entrainraent for -

Galioia on 18 August1 he Intended tbgtise this force to makci gt

a demonstration on the lower Save and the Danube itMoii he

expected would hold the main Sorbitm forces away from the

Drina until 20 August atthe very least (6) By this time r s - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

he expeoted to have reached tho linei Ushitsa- Valjevo folshy

lowing this up with an advance into ihlaquo heart of Serbia (7)fv

By this he hoped to heip bring Bulgaria into tho oonfHot on

the silte of Austria t)

bullbull The offensive oojnencod on the nlgfht of 11-12 August

vlth domonstrations by the Second Army uhlcgtgt conoiBtlfl oi4 a

oroesing of its IV Corps at Chabats and artillery bomba^^dments

along the rest of the front (9) Tut- 6Ed Brigade of thlaquoraquo IY bullbullbullbull s bull bull bull bull

Corpsentered ^habati without resistance the Serbs not reacting

until the following day vlaquon sharp fighting took place at tho

ftdôf the town (10)

Two dAys lfctari the 62d Brigado was rlaquollraquotlaquod by tho 29th

Division (Kaj aon Count 2laquodtwetraquo) (11) of the IX Corps (Lieut den von HorstoirtHlE) which was ordered to cover the building

bull bull bull bull bull bull

of a bridge This divlsicn was attached violently by the 3erW

lt iind thrown baoic Infcomo oonfusioni Vha oorps congtwider Oeneral

von Horattin oompittUly l^st his head and htd back laquocrosa tho

rivor (13 The Austrlampns retained Cliabats only on account of the t l iqalv rytv^ $t ral^foraoMantq ( l 4 | bdquo bdquo Iraquor (1) AKU jmgcopy 29 (6) C3 poundlaquoeo 13 (10) Clgt paô 16 2) AH1 page 89 () 00 r ^ laquo 14 ( U ) AHLJ ê ZS 3J CD pago 1amp (8) C3)raquo pate 16 (IS) ritfM9 wi 32 4) bi)i w$ 13 laquo) CD igtalaquoo U Id) CD jgtlaquoco llt 5) AHLWi pofi9 51 ( H ) CU pa-e 14

On the Burning of the 12th throe columns of the Fifth

Aruy began orosect8ing tho Drina Klvor Me XIII Corps (Lieutlaquo

Gen von RnefflenJUJj orousing lu two OOluunsi the 42nd Division

(Jon Von Samprkotle)(pound) 6t Ztorntk the 3fith Division

Gon 0ilbulKa)(3) at Batar The VIII Corps (Lieut Qen

3ampron von aol6llttgen)|4) orosaod Its 9th Divielon (f^J Oon

von 3ohouohonraquoUJel)(B) at Alaajlje Juot td the north of Lesshy

nltsft The three advance guards were to gain a foot-hold on

the east bank of the rtver and by nigU-fall they vero solidlyt

The fighting on 13 iiuguVt was rauoh harder and the XIII

Corps spent the day In completing H a crossing end preparing

to attaok the height3 to tho oast en the following day (7)

In Che VIll Oorje the 9th i)iVi1Bionioi ahl1laquoBdii1trtifj[iiifi9nt

of the leer ridge while tho 21st Division (tej Qen Przyboroki)

(8) liad advanood about four kllo-neters from the river in the

IrAtohva valley north of tho Teer by nightfall (9)

During this tirce on the Serbian Bide thcopy covering foroea

of the Third Arwy (6on Jiiri8io-Sturui)(lO) and tho frontier guard

battalions had been the only ones engaged But by the afternoon

of 12 August there was no longer any doubt that the enemy was preshy

sent in considerable strength and so Ooneral Jurislo took steps to

reinforce his advanood elements e sent his divisional oavalry to

Chabats togethor with the 17th Infantry of the 1st Drlna Pivioion

the remaindor of that division being sent to the Lesriltsa-Loanitsa

f r o n t (11J bull ^ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull

Bho Chief of Staff Marshal Putnik also arranged to obver

his left (12) The beoodd Army (0onraquo 5topampnovio)(i3) was oonshy

oentrated around Oub where It was to be held in readiness until

the direction of advahoe of the ouemya main effort oould be detshy

SOJa Oub and Kotooliovo he soilt the Ist Chourampadla Mvshy(1 (6) 0 AHLVlaquo Annex 7AHLWAHLW pagpagee 2266 (5) AHLWAHLW pagpagee 220

AtiLW page 28 (6) OD page 14 16 AHIt Jage 28 ( f) CD pagd 14 12 j AHI^l Annex 7 AHLtt page 26 (S) AHLWraquo e 28 13) AHiV Annex 7pj AniiW pagpage

(9) CD pace 16

iamplon towards Chabats The squadrons of itdopendent cavalry

were relieved from their mission of guarding the lampwor Korava

River and its tributaries and were placed at the disposition

of the Sooond Aruy at Oub 2ho Xeoeinder of tho covering forces

were to continue their survoillanoc on the Bavo and at Obrenshy

ovatt Behind the Second iirny the First Arny (Gon Bojovio)

U)raquo WOB to establish itaelf on the line Araodjelovashy

Larftr-evatz which had previously boen oooupied by the Sen end

abandoning the Morova River seas to get closer to the Kolushy

bara (2)

Marshal PutnIk did not limit himself to defensive meashy

sures only The reports from Uahitea shoved him that the

Austrlans were not exerting ruuoh pressure against tho Uahltsa

detaohnent (Oen Boaanovic) (S) Consequently he ordered that

foroe to take the offensive in the dtrootion of Vieegrad (4)

ill of those movements vere ordered duriti^ the aftershy

noon of 12 August and took all of the 13th and part of the

14thô be completed The reinforcements for the Third Array

ware being assembled and had some sixty or uore kilometers to

march frow Valjevo to tho Drinu but thoy were en route (5)

On the heights overlooking the Crina from the ecst the

covering detachmorits wore forced to retire Hosistlng stubbornly

their vbtiramont wait very slow (6) Hear Zvomik a half batshy

talion having all of one dlvloion bofore it vms i n a very pro-

carious position^ (7)raquo On the extreme right the 1st Choumadia

Division ty a forced tnamprch reached Kotselovo by Jioon of 13

August vdth the Intentioh Of contlauing on to Ghabats It )uid

thlaquo lthi Reîmoiit ahead of U (6 j bull

Ou 14 AUoifit thore waamp conaidoru^lo movement of forces

At Chabats( the fighting became very lively Vhe Auatrlans tuJU

vanoed f r ^ tho outskirts of tho town early In the mornlnt but

tho17th Regiment gtorb| arriving there attacked and drove them

back to their lines of 1 AHLti iniijjt 7 (4) Oil pago 16 (7) CD pft o 16 2 deg1gt PB u bdquo Zgt CD imco 16 (8) CD paee 16 3) W W Annex 7 ($j CD pago 16 J 01) pampso 17

On the^Drinav the defenders of the riveretired gradshy bull bull bull bull - i bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - i

bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 4 v bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - L i

and with discretion their reinforcements not hampying i J bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

arrived The retirement was forced in the right seotor on bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull j bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull gt bull bull

the north of th^^soVv and along tho north bank near Leoshy

nltsa Tho Austriaus advanoed in strength and by 9 ocook

had taken Vedoiovltsamp and intrenched themselves Tiuit

point established aniiustrian ooluom was sent uP the Jadar

valley and by evening had entered Losnitaa (ijr( u

The advance of the Auetriaus was very olow and deliberate

Ahile tho terrain was roug^ ted difficult to^capture tho Auashy

trlans had a great preponderance of strength in their favor In

this seotor (2) They had a rlvorôrosslnc to negotiate as well

but it seems that they should liave made Wt wlth greater facilitybull

(3) It also appears that the Auatriahs hail somedifficulty with

their supply after crossing the river (4)c6risidoriraquoHedifficulty

was also experienced in maintaining oontaot between ihe two oorps

of the jifth Ariny and also between tiie colyowas near iosnitsa

bGi in the Jadar valley (C)

The VIII Corps had arranged to attack but the XIII Oorpa

waited in vain until 10 oclock Finally at 11 oolook taking

Into consideration the apparent waekness Of the Seblan forces

and Knowing of no reinforoeraents coming to their aid Ooneral

von Rhemen gave the order for the XIII Corps to attaok (6)

It took until 6 oclock that evening before his troops

penetrated to Losnltsa and there installed thflnaelves for the

night Under cover of darkness the Sorbiens loado a counter-

attack but werb driven off Vailing baokbefofe tho amp)porlor

enerty they commeroed their ratiromont up the Jadar valley7)

The Austrian column fpom v6rnlk| the 42nd igtivisionV

advunced more rapidly It came upon a half battalion ot tho

enemy whioh irlud gt0 bloov- its puth and destroyed it After

tills tho way wus ontirely clear and it started towaiNls

fj I t flonaoofl tho gorblftn ftiiny of jjtonor^3 Jyrl^16 v (1) CD papoundjo 17 IB) CD pane 17 v

(^) CD p a g 0 v n (6) CD parje 17 (3) OT pat-e 29 (7) CD poye 17 (4) W

foroos wlaquoW

was di^6tly on hiraquo fidiiki in poaitlon to tlirdaion hiecow- V

muhications from Zlavampka and tho valloy^f the Jadar amp)

At this timei6V the northern frlt)nt oxoopt In the

region of Cheats thore was nothing goine on that was partshy

icularly upsetting to tile kerbs Marshal Putnik determined to

over-ran It with a strong attaok However on tho 14th- a new shy

long colUnn wad discovered adânoing towards tho loft flame (3)

This was tho Austrian 29th Division (4) moving from north to

south across the plain Serbian OHQ sont an ordor to the 1st

Ohouinampdla Division to take up the dofocsivo in thisseotor for

the time being (6) ho SeoOod Aroydld not stop at Oub but

oontlnued toward the wst to connoot up with tho nird Its

misdlon among Other tilings was to stop tho advance of the

enemy coming from the Save at Ohabats (6)

OnV^divIsion of ihS l^rsC Aroiy ras charged with prVteoiting

tho coarjunioatlons to OuV the other two divisions were sent to

Valjevo vdioro thoy oortjiloted their defensive dispositions and

wheie thoy forked themselves in echelon behind tha left of the

Third Amy Kntrenohed upon the heighto woat of the town theso

divisions formed a pivot on which the Third and Sooond Anaies

oould support themselves against the onemy forces on tho Iirlna

and on tbe 3avolaquo (7)

The-Austrian spent the day of tho 10th In preparation for

a continuation of tho advanoo| ih Serbian covering forces which

before had retired on the Tsor and on the Yvorak ronowed ihoir

resistance and a general engageroent was imminent (8) An advance

was to be made by tho Austrian along the entire front beginning

the next irornlng All oolumns were to advanoo In acoordanco with

the previously ordered pltulaquo and it was oxpooud that tho liner

Chabits-Tokoris- Uthitsa would bo reached in preparation for

the continuation of the invasion Into tho hoart of the oointry9)

(1) ODi page 17 Oppii page 17 [Z Qdi page 17 ODODOD pagpag (l OD puSlaquoM 0D0 pace 17

CD page 14(4) Wraquo page 24 (5) T2 U

TJiut day on the Sortian aide oncopy finds thb fal l owing

situation At OiabfttB DtatJ911aryj rtth tho lat Chouinadla I)ivshy

iaion within abcul ten kllomoiOrsof that town In a dofenrjvo

position behind the Dobravepoundaid 80n^what to the oast ij l i e

patrol8 had discovered enetny elements advancing in the Matohva

plain and below the serraquo (2) nle division was afraid that

i f i t continued on Chabato it raquoiiia oxpose i t s l e f t Behind

the Dobrava i t could wal- for reinforcements expnoêd from

the Second AnByi^Tli InfantrInfantryy was on i t si^Tlioo 17t17thh BegimdnBegimdntt ooff right

on the lowor partoft f ththe river l t tto ththe Sfcvo (3)i almost S

On the bunks of tbo Drina a junotlor was made during the

night of 14-16 August between the ooveriny forces and the main body

of the let Drlna Division vitich hod 0000 down the valleys of the

bullWar and on Lesnltsa (4) 7ho et vly rwrnini of the lDth waa

apont)by these troops in orfianizine ihdlr position The h i l l with

tho cliurch in Yarebitsa conatituteâ central supportIng point

arid the front extended from thtre to TekorU on the riampht and

to the southeast to Ltvloka on the loft (6J

his division vius extended over a front of from 20 to 25

kilometers vdiioh was out of al l proportion for the reduced efshy

fectives of the Third Amy part of which was at Chabampts 7ho

front was in the air11 the r i ^ t exposed to the advancing enony

ou the Tsor and the loft to those advancing from KrupanJ (6)

Late in the afternoon of the ICth the two wings wore

forced back by this doublo pressure the left particularly A

spirited uttaok was made against theu ui abgtui 4 PM and they were

compelled to fall back to the ridgo above the Jcdar(7) ho ensososhy

raent was not so lively along tho rest of the front but i t was pershy

tain to Serbian 3 tf Q vrtiloh had aoved to Oub tJuit the enewy

had groupedihU forots from the Tocr Riago to Krupanj gthi that a

decisive aotion wus iuwiuQn^(6

i) CD page 17 15) 01) patfo 17 a) Craquo puge 17 (6) CD ptco 17 amp I 00 patlaquo i t (i) CD pii 17 i) 00 page 17 (e) OD pftô 19

u4er tho oM tflal(iV f i l l ing i t out and laquo

i t on contain pointa Ioi6ifil ityltiikissued thofollowing inshy

^ would continue itb olstinatt reslattaico tnu

Cdooiid Army Rousing to tho off exit I vo on the right (Z

ifta indepondei^ cevamplry was to advance to tho llnoj Xoteoshy

llevo- Draguigna puosint to tho loft of tho let Chovuukdia Divshy

ision coid ô to d e a r up tho situation on tvq tfatphva JCt vsa

attAokon thci-flftiik of Ishe oo ipv laquooon bloiig the ^sîLWwl if f l bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull - ^ - l bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull L bull bullbull bull ( | raquo v

1 la thoir Vear and eolac tlio r-failwampy fim^C^wWVfl to

OIOBO to tiie vhirvl Jtiiy amphd Joining i t on tM r i i h t tlio

rciy Tould ampoml tro d iv is ions by b forcod ciamproh Tiioy

woro to attuok toward tho ser ampnd the ivovtCic uuriag A-nioh the

^hlrd Arcy vrauld roaintain i t s e l f on tho Jwlar (4)

ino pîttoipai oh^ngosôx the picopyyious inBtrUottbnB cpttshy

corned tho f i r s t ArKy and through I t ( the ttiird vfiiich vlta6 to

take over tho formers miuîon 5 H Qlaquo did not dLsre^tird tno

btlaquokB of thlt 3tV0i vfoovel i f en offocaivo ouwo frwn Obiehovuta

wad reachod tho Xolufcamprt) d l l of hla ( fu tnik s ) plampraquos vowld unshy

dergo tho risK 01 fa i l ing through b Chb d ivi at or-fraugt the

Firs t Amy that he had sent to Oub vats to stay thoro tiie otoor

tvo to aaswrblo a t latiaravata loavlnt the Third htitf to cover

Valjevo (6) Tho ^ n o r u l plun rofneined the BWlaquo but tho offoushy

alyo vlaquott to bo aodo by the Sooond Army tho Vhlrd taking ovor

tho mission of the Firt f holding tiio pivot of tho attaoVt (7)

Upon coxrplotion of tho preparatory movement tho d i s t r i b shy

ution of the Serbian Divisions was as follovBj

On tho laquoxtrtojf4 r igh t behind the Dobrava tho 1st ChoumwHa

]51Viionrwith thf7l7th Infantry bo i t s flank tl)iraquo forob would

hold by fortJLfyin^Nitsolf sironiKly and oovor the iiecond Arwy froo

ourprise frow tho dl root ion of ChampVats (pound) Ahead of tho lnftmtry

on tho r l c h t rlaquos the independent oavalry oxi^loricc in the iamptohva($)

l j C J raquo p ^ 0) CD payd 16 3 CD ipoundlaquo 19 6 CD paô W3 CHi pe H

(4) CD puco 1 CD puê 19 CD 1 9

bull - i o bull gt bull bull

Near Tekerls W B tho oomblned division wgtiloh woraquo to attack on

the Toer ridecopybullampamp the Hft of the 1st Noravo ttivieion^direotod

to utvampok toward YVorcuc On the Judar oorrehat up the river

front YureWtca vua a ltproo consisting or the two Drint dJvlBlono

less tho 17th Infantry with Its left or the south bank of the bull

Btreaw faolng ^rupwij (1) In a l l including the oav^lry there

were BIK divlslom and a few bBttalione of the 3rd Ban [Z]

BehJl 4 tliie front i which expended 56 Xilometers from the

Save to Yttrebltsft and ooout 16 kllometera further to i ts oxtrotno

1 eft flank ther6 were three divUions in reserve^ At $tot tho

1st Tluioi i at Laiarevate tHe 2nd korava and tljfl 2i 5 Tiiaolc (3)

Jho 1st and 2nd liamibe Pi visions were (till in the Bel^rad group

In the Uahltea army ftoltiK Viaegrad there wus no change (4)

On the Austrian side the latest plan had the Pifth

Aitfly prtijrgt6ring to carry dut i t s offensive raiaston etroicthonittg

the aouth flunk vthore the 42nd Division had made good Xgtroeres6

k new oohvftn composed of the 11th and 13th fountain Brietides

reoelvod orders to uxtrch from Llouboviu on Potxka nnd ^rther

to the east vrtidre It would extend the right Of-ihefrdnt It

iyampa supposed to reach i t s position Uy the evonihg of 16 AUjuot(6)

But contrary to appearances it is not on thiu flwik but on the

opposlto ono Uiat the first decisive action 7ould take place (6J

w SorVian Independent cavalry had rooonnoltorod the

ecoroy -Îch north of the ser vaa intorferlnc with thf alvanoe

of the 1st Choumadla Division It wao found to bo the Austrian

2let Chalaquo8ltrur Division an4 ala6 that i t vlaquos tho exterior

of the VIII Corraquo nc Serbian Sivuurons reeehod Belerllca

Tiouvitch tt d Dobritoh durinr the coming of 1 August

cnetiiied im4 stopped the advance of the Austrian division (V)

hat f^teraoon thi 1st Choujnidla Division arrived to

the rssoue Of the OhVfelryi folldrfin^ a forced -trch anl

i the uatrlono in to a

bull bull - bull i - -

- 1 1

retroatod in disorder throe regluiant runnin0 away and

tttroftBtho Wrina Austrian ocoounU tstVito that thraquo d iv i s ion

vas not jVrbporly covered tho of f icers r$gtCurfclojraquoo und

that the Coldlere scattered in t i l d irect ions (1)

ihut nleht tUo Vofnalndor If the div is ion

tho lgtrina viiti a Ions of aomo 3000 the 21st i

reortfampniod the following day on the Sbohlfih s ide (a)

Serbian accounts state tliat the purcult wus continued c lose

to LoBnltsar and ti^t 6 eunsy 20 oalodOrjs fiUMdroue r l f ioa

and other material wire oa^turadt (3) -bullbull bullbullbull- V bull)bullfh

toovoA frora VIenna to Pieeaytv ^lorwiit ftrirlvc4 on thcopy

17thraquo Prior to i t s dupoundurtufef dlflj^Ltohos from the 3orMta

front haltl oreated amp vory favorable VlmjprooBlon particularly

thbraquo0 of IB AU|b-uraquot POvlorek dfls-larwu thut ho had started

tho offanolve 6f hiltt 01xth Army atvi halaquol reactd thlaquo

- SekorVi on t)ie SorWan s ide (6)

On tho 16th tiyio the hour of uapftrtwroi the nows

vua ^ t l l l not bAd A 41 epatch frpm Potloroi renowed h i s

previous raqveut mat tho ôcond Arwy continue I t s deatonshy

fttratloolaquoi In forco on Ita front (4) Tain raûcftt scaaod

reasonable and Eurairaquoul Conrui tAlegrÛed to tho Sooood Aray

At thlaquo roûeraquot of Iwnoral Fottcfdic I renew lay Intruotlona

re la t ive to tho dofcltinlaquotrltiiono on a i l yviiy front to tho laquond

of conooaUng the departure of tho arrfy and to hold tho

oriday in the posit ions he raquoow ooouples igtraquoraquoraquo raquoH (7)

laquot tho hour of sending thut telograflj On the

of the l i t h tho l a t e s t lnforwatioh frora the 34llaquoan ampmloraquo

tho defeat of two UorWan dlvUlona at Chabots

the help jit the QZtvX Brifiad of the IV eoraquoTgtB wid the

25thDivUlom (6)

1) -D VZ raquogt (6) Ci jjf^-g 21 2) C^t n e t 20 (6) CD p - o Hi

BAt J - shy

- 12 shy

h) a serlos of tVtporU were received frou

Potiorejt afcich BIIOWVJ a isoro seriotii situation on thft Serbian

froftt JoUbrek ropoited iho revoroes Already laquou$Ulnod and

thampt the Second Aru^ be lef t with him btifoil it be

to take the offensive AO aa to prevent Vcie Si

froreg tecotalnlaquoj a failure (1J

Ohlef of Staff rlaquoelirinpound the denser did not viofc tiraquo ha7e the

SecondAray becoae involved in thr battles on the cave and the

Danube îon the aair theater of operations vms ao jjpich iu need

of ite help At the saaie time He desired (oâmpln a vlotory yvor

ScrVli 4iioh wouW probably lead to tV aiiianoe of Turicey end

Bulgaria with the central s p i r e s copynl prevent Iluxjsnia frota

joining their eneffiies (2)

Salbnolng these tôufi^ts he filially sent a telo^ruu to

the êcond Xrayt Avich raquo rvpeatlaquod to tUe ifth and Sixth

directing i t to u|iraquothe IV Corps towards Chabait if such inUrshy

ventlon wnui required to bring about a vicloriOTi conclusion to

the operation eraquo a whole (3J

laquoit niffnt u^ ulttifetlon on the Betlilaquon front was as i[ I bullbullbull iJ fe bullbullbull

folloi(lraquo the 3ixthgtrrqy A-aa miting tlow pro^rofib the iffth

tvy fttoppedi with a raquolaquoriou reverse to U north fluiiic

Hit bullgtlaquolaquoood iraquodiy ampVolaquot to be neededto protect ana sure thu

lfth Coarsdputraquollaquodfinally decided to leave the IV Us

in accoruifjce rdth the previoua plan hampve the Sixth Amy

diraquo6Dtaê the ifth and have Potiorelc so conduoi the ownshy

paign at to preventthi uarbiams fros invadir^ Austrian

territory (4 (gt v

Petuming raquoow to the field of battle on the aerraquo Iii bullbullbullbull

the regionipt oltoris the action ht^ Vnen less fiyorable for bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull I 1 gt bull i bull bull - bull - ) t M bull bull

the igterbs there thuh on the plain 7ne coaijlned Jivialon

arrived traquolaquore firat yri-^ w vXf$amp of the ipoundtamp i-ltr a

famprcea oarc-i Efcusy urrittd tc thlaquo port of tamplaquo tolaquort axlaquoi casa 1amp

At tacking- these column vlgoôwsly on the uOriitKtf of the

16th the combined Jt via loa drovo everythingbe fore i t But slibrtmdash

ly After a shortage of iuiaunitioi unamp a violent a r t i l l e r y fire

frolaquo fre Austrian lt accomjûled by ft vljorcu6 altampcK corbelled the

bull aci-îneU division to wshhdramr $ut tiu Austrtuus did not follow up

tlaquolr advantage bull The1st orava lUvlitod arriving to the sc-uth of

pounddpoundlaquoulsraquo to raquohe Ic^t Oi Utj coûbiiuxl division r ^ t r ^ t i i i g up the

lYtfral-c oiad^ i t jxjaaiVl^)Jfor ht l a t t e r to reorganise without difshy

f iculty ( l j bull bull bdquo bull

Duritsg the f i r s t dampy of the k i t t l e the Serbioiid pdrceivod

ttsattL -aiceffort of thlaquo encopy endangered their loft flioik OQ

tho Jadar sspeolBil^-on th rlraquoht-braquoTkj the fighting continued

arcujid ârebltse a i l day It wasaArccst stationary and indecisive

in c)ampcamptBf-t ait-xolaquoi| on the south bank the Austrian SSth Division

C3f-tiuulaquod itis uiTanoe assist ing vha 42nlti Division Hevertheieas

r liCO M cbnatampnt couiterattacya held uy thoir udvonco )

4he osru eorujereod to veaAe durlsit tho afternoon tho

of the 7hird Ara bein^ inauffiCleat to stand up

the pressure to the frout ampad that of the 42ad division

tlrusampnj aM SaviaKa t n ightfa l l th-9 Jevbian left raquorinj

up th ^tdar uni^r cover ox durtoesa (3)

J JuVicic found that he was confronted by a diff icul t

fully fcx^reotuod by tha Serbian Kraquo Q He had

svnt the 1st iipoundok Îvisior to Yelilci-BoaniaX close to Dragulgna

with the intent ion of sending oê of I t s regiments to the Third

he ZrA Iorampva of the two teat wore iu reserve at Lasareshy

waa brderei to return to YaijovoU) But tho march was lone

ani the ltivl3ioti oottld not arrive there before the uorainamp of the 16th

i oral bullTurialc deoided to conttime with the forces at

1orturately the enlt2tiy attacks of the 17th woro not so vigorous

a on he 16th and i t was on tht Ttor wiiore tho ffioet serloUi

l l j J i jpu-je 23 (3) CD faco 23 (SJ C^ paltje 25 (2 02 p e 23 (U CIriwe 23

The combined division renewed i ts attack but under bettor

conditions than previously It had made contact with the 1st

ôrava Division which BBO attackod at daylight age ins t tho oneny

deployed on tho YVerafc and gained ground At the came time the

combined division gained some ground on tho Berii amperb i t

suspended its attack for the day although the notion oontlnuod bull bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull bull bull - l - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

with more or less success alonu the entire Tsex- Yverak front 1 bull - 7 bull

but nightfall found the SorMans slightly withdrawn (2

In the katohva region the 1st Chouraadia Division did not

press the pursuit of its defeated energy leaving it to the cavalry

to cut tlraquoe routes to Lesnitsa and tho ser Tho division itselft

we8 returning to the vicinity of Chabampts from vvhloh danger conshy

tinued to threaten (3)

Ihe 18th did not bring the situation ampny closer to solution

(For the situation on 18 AUfjust see Appendix E Special top BJ 1he

Austrians renewed tho attack on all fronts from the Taor to just

west of Potzka whore the two mountain brigades previously mentioned

entered the battle Shese werestopped by the 2nd Korava Division

v hich attacked upon its airival from Lasarevatsraquo Although the A U B shy

trlans advanced somewhat their advance was llmitod and on no part

of the front did they achieve any but very limited euccoes As the

day drew along the Serbians hud the impressAon that their ehercy had

woakoned (4)

Kovever the 3orbs hampd also suffered A reverse in tho region

of Chabuts Tiic Ist Choaiadla Divigijn had cxporloncod u

sot-baok beina forced to retire before ci Much supirior foroo hls

waa the AusiHan IV Corps which had rooroaaed tho fiavet following

the authorliofelon from Praemyfll preyloualy mectlcnedv and hud

aouth from the townraquo The Serbian division outnufiberelti uid notinshy

tend to bo doetrbyod but withdraw ftMH 10fcAloto^terW10lt io south

t o the nil A raquo o f 3 iai i na- Varna Vhare i t wi s 1ft o laquoraquoltsh b e U or loot t i on

to oovor thlaquo Uiigtroalio8 to Kotsellevo ltmd tho roads clvin^ access to

the Teor he cavalry covered Ito left (5)

(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-

At daylight of the 19th tne let Choumadia indeutifled sovon

regiments thut the enemy bad deployed against it and attacked along

its entire front The lot Chouuodle Jiviaion wuu being attacked by

two divisions with bany tfuns It was too much for it so the 3ershy

bian dlvUion withdrew and established Itself behind the Igtobrava

River (1)

bullouovor dt thraquot ttino on tho Tser the balance turned in

favor of the erbs or the third time the combined division

poundgtamplaquoaampl to the offensive ihis third attack v-aa Important The

Austrian left jjave ground and did not stop Shortly fcfforwards

the right of the Austrian 9th division vtampe retreating oloae to

Letinitsa Vh6 retreat waraquo declolve and by nightfall the Serbians

rcabhed the iJrinik Valleyraquo from tho holghts of Yoyondeaitea to tho

tovm of iesnltsa on Jho Jadarlaquo Tuo vlotors gathered in 20 guns

39 6ai3sOraquod cad about ^hundred wpoundon8fiiiod with various

material (2

She eutte afternoon the Austrian 36th Division started to

withdraw but more clowly and -Jlith lesa disorder In the ooruing

the 1st )laquoorava Dlvlaion had startod itu attack Its lnfonrntion

Indloampted tho enony to bo in strength at Zavlaka tuid it

their loft At about this time 3enoul atepanovic received the bullbull v - bull bull _ bull bull bull v _ bull gt

1st Timok Division wiioh had been eontto roinforoo him He bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull V bull bull bull - bull bull bull

ordered i t to the region of teicoris giviivj It the lino south of

that torn in tho direction of Badampnja (S) A This protected tho bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 1 7 bull bull bull

bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull i bull bull bull bull

left of the lo t Uorava Xilvjaibn arid velloved]the pressure upon

the VhirdAttny more thfcn had tho attack of the 3ec6nd Anriy furshy

ther to tluraquo north (AJ V

Durinif th is time 1 the fight lug hud been more or loos

en the front of tho ihird Ar^y I ts mlsetoh of ôverintctho uttaok bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull i bull

of tho Second Aitiiy vlaquotis woll porfonned It protoctOA tho Second vu

ampEuinot thlaquogt Austritthii from Svornik uM liouboviaituiui oo-0igt6ruted

l y with thcopy igtlraquoin of liiittlo (5 raquo

U) bullopraquopMpound4 (3)on W o it (2) Ci) phô 2425 lt) CUt ia-o Mgt

bull - 1 6 -

On tho right wing Marshal PutnlK see in th danger of a

severe )reverae on the 19th started the ir^^lmoiCiiiIyiBlonttgtilih(9

assistance of the lot Choumadla Biviojpn aM thV indepondont cay

elvy on Mio Dobrava Thisdivision had bean in reserve at CaV

as previously ituUd Puttiik alampo itren$thlaquoned Ui dctuchujuftt at

Obronovfcts with ft refimcsrit froriv tho 3ol^raamp tgtroujgt to prevent

any possible attack near the rooufa of the Xolubara iUvctv (21

The fighting of the 20Vh wutgt tt contlmmtlon tort cr les t

of that of tho 19th vith jxthij^j uooiaivo In i traquo nuturo Vlaquoe Zlut

however a aw tho GorVian vpoundltjtot7 6oti))iamptlaquot Aa beforlaquotho fecond

Amy attacked alon^ Iho 1 r iaa uitdnraquot the b w fiuiiixla oi tho onomjr

vftidh covcrcfd t)io bullrlthJrbgtlaquolaquoil of tiie rampin body across tho rtvorraquo On

tno oxtreuie r i^ht ( the I t t Choutadla lviiion uxa i t i l i hold or tsitt

Oobruva on account of Ud limited foi-ocs But on the 21raquot oftor

fcinamp relnforood by tho 2nd imok iiivUloa rûerfcl Soyoyld r~

croea^d thtgt obrava 0 tho I6f^t tho Vhird Anry oâ^rving tho

trifiiiy vtthdmvln^ fro bdlaquoore Uraquo advarced fvte )tu poMtlons

atd atf-rtoi la Xirsuit Huo heads of I ts colvirns reached ivorfiik

ngt Ltoubovia uuri- tho day (pound)

hftt laquolght tho ba t t l e mis igtroctioiilly over frow the outshy

skir ts of Chabats ajlfi on the Drirxi o the ôuth tovards Visoshy

thd filtuition rlaquonuiinolti urwihaôd 3)

iuriivj a l l ot thid tlntOi sortti of reports UlograaH

and rocriiolriatioiiia lwd boen pas i i r^ be I m on V oil or ok and tho

i) K -i at rso^sii (bull ft) 1^1^ controvoray fimilly had to

It- traquofeUllaquod by tho i ^ e r o r fvnn Tosef at Vieuia (b)

vhls roaultod ih Potlbrol oolhji placed in suproiaw cotiiiiihO

lo tho UalicaU theater with inatjinotipiio to tfiftÛio action nee shy

laquo3iiary lo preVent tho lrtvraquoiiraquoi of Audtritm ter r i tory ahtXrîfivdiiteo

thd lino af thlaquo ^ u b e tnd the Save WwIV- Corps vaa transferred

to thlaquo pulaquo8ian front ldampvli^ T o i i o r the iUfth und i-Uth Anuiea

fcnd o b t a i n gavrlabu trooparaquo(6) Kd withdrew n i l of hie mobile

forosu across the rivers from îch they had cora6 but retained in

hia mind tho idaa of tho ovoriual oonquoat of Serbia ()

CONCLUSIONS

ffliat soiill covering forceu ably lod can by a comshy

bination of oombat arxl maneuver ohocK greatly superior forces

sufficiently to allow thertalh forces to get into position to

strike) a decisive blow

Teat surprise once gained must bo followed tip promptly

The Austriuus lost their initial advantage by their deliberate

even dilatory movements after gaining the initiative after crossshy

ing the Serbian frontier

That the high command must evaluate Information received

from the covering foroes fahd other rlaquooonnaiotjanoe agcnclos quiokly

und ampct promptlyWithout wasting time in preliminary rcaneuvors

The Serbian 0 H raquo acted vigorously used to good advantage all

of their available reconnaissance nampenoiea tetorctined the naln

effort of the Austrlans without undue delay ani then massed their

forces for the countdrofiansivo whioh raquoma to drive tdcVf tho Aua-

trlampn Invader

ihampt an effective end probably the bost method of

defense is to absorb the initial shock of ah invasion with

relatively woaltlt ooverlfti forces meamvhllo holding the

forcos centrally located for tho declrivis oounterstrOke

whi le tfro Austrlampns had t h e i r iocond Awiy ava i l ab l e

only o rtlnor p o r t i o n of I t -was nctxial ly used in t he of fenoivo

Vhile I t Is truo that the Austrian (H laquo planned to use this

force In a different theater It ahould huve been used as a

amprvd not in pieco-rreal faahloni for tho time U VRIB

bull bull - bull bull - bull bullbullbullbull

It is bolievod tfrit tho Austrian G H Q considerably

underestimated the strength and effectiveness of the Serbian

awiy Otherwise it 13 difficult to setgt why tho Austritms

undertook to Invade Serbia vith insufficient moans tfuroly

the polltlcftl and strategical value of administering a brushshy

ing defeat to Serbia igtiorfiptly should have shown Austria tho

necessity of employing sufficient strength to accomplish the

desirad results ho defoat of the initial offensive was to

cost the iustrlans a great deal later A portion of the later

effort exponded inittaily would have saved greatly in-men end

material later In tho war One is forced to the conclusion

that it is folly to under-rato un enettiy and to attempt an

offensive with insufficient moana to oarry it to c successful

end barring unforeseen and accidental contingencies

ihe foregoing Is aii acooxuit of the first Allied victory

of tho Torld tfar the Importance of sMoJvhGs been literally

drowned out by the thunder of the guno dA Vatunehbeyg and the

first battlo of the Famprne as vbll ae the long years of tenifio

corobat preceding tho Armistice Through all of tho llinitod

sovtixses available one oatchaB^Borae gHirlaquoiorlneB of the leadbrshy

ehip hîiwiitary eonius of the iSoVbiampn Chief-bf-Staff fArshal

utnlkraquo Zt U with i-egret that I wn oonripelled to oloee this

study without inoludlng a detailed afcoopit of this outstanding

poreonalUy

(

r e y ist Vtor 1914- 1916 Voluno I (VnauJtilon by Atitiy VfeV Colieeo 1933) M 940iV S 4 amp f^6

g ft

rcopycorif( as iucorpors-ted In bullbull

Letvier Krieg 1^14-1918 Inoludea only tho Initial pitms

oiid rnobiliKamptlon Oi tho two urmles 5ho voi)c frvn which tho

translation was made lit In ttonnan ani should VQ one of tho

best sources of material particularly from tho Austrian

standpoint especially for Ono able to rosd acruan AS1 do

not I vais unable to obtain oiy ihfonr ttJLon from the worpound

i tself but foxuid the tranalatlona of extracts very irivctgtshy

esting auJ ineti-uotive

c Xilltampry HiBtory of tho iorld Vraquobr Yolime I By- 0 R Howland M 9 4 0 3 amp bull bull C 7 3 - bullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull i ^ bullbullbull

Ver few facts concerning this camptnpal n Of no paftshy

V bull bull bull bull bull bull

ioular vampluo to this study except as a cutaloguo of events

le t Ctuampigtiigna do 3orble en 1914 ot 1915 - By - Foyler kS403 J49-3 13-26

An oxoellent narrative of evento of tho campaigns in

question Based upon authentic raaUrlul ob Lai nod frotc ofshy

ficial records and othor sources 1 believed to bei one of

the best sources noir available in the 0 amp 0 3 5 Library and

Is relatively iwpamprtial

Loa Viotoirec o^rbea ea 1914 By- Deft Vaxos uind Hapunovitoh M 9^03 J 49 a4 (niB has been tranalatod by Ca^tBiu J Ot Varbox Infuntry)

ibtcelloat mtiteriali Howvor i t was not uvallablo to wo

until very Ute in ltny research snlaquo trunraquolation 1raquo porhitps the

best available material In gtgtj(liraquoh divô laquo laquoood detullod

desoriptibn of the V at t ie of tho Judor bnltL gtiior btUUoB in

rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy

History of tho World War By FranoU A Karoh M9403 B 3 C 73 page 62t

Only a reference to the declaration of war by

Austria on Serbia July28 1914 Preceding this is an

analysis of tho underlying onuses of the war Nothing

of interest as far as this paper is concerned

AReferenoe History of the far By- Irtfin Soofield Guernsey M 9403 E 3 0 7 3 s bull bullbull bull

Merely a catalogue of events Of the Vorld War

Literary Wtgost History of tho Vforld i 87 U 9403 pound 3 073

Has only a clight referonce to the battle of tho

Jadar Biver Of no particular value

Harpers Piot6rial Ubrary of the Vorld iar Harper and Brothers 1926 Volume Ilpaso 32 M 9403 fl 3 673

A mere reference to the faot that there was a

battle of tho Jadar Elver and to the first Serbian viotories

Kolsons HUtory of the Var By- Buohah M 9403 H 3 I) 42

Very ehort account of the initialSerbian campaigns

Not partioularly valuable as it is too general

ttie ûr in the BulKana By- Col Viiloy Howell W 9403 j raquo49

Conttlns nothing of particular value to a

detailed study

The ar und the Balaansv By Noel Brlxton M 9463 J 49 D 42

Uritlah propanda publlshod during the tor Of iio

valuo to an historical study

inoyolopodio Brittan oa ^ volume 20 pftjjo poundD2 0^2

Vainublo fia a ijoheral outHne of the

limited though authentic material

- 21 shy

Source Records of the Oreat ar - national Alumni 1923 Volume I 3 and 4 bull U 9403 pound 3 C 73

A short referenoo to tho first Austrian campaign

ampgtcy potcopy follow giving the accounts of Austrian atrocities

Of no particular for my purpose

LetVter Krieg 1914-1918 (In Yolwte I U 9409 2 4 U 436

xojably ono of the best source a of material

particularly tc one reading Gentan AS X am unable to

do so v-cs unablo to utilico thle aouroet althoush the

tranelation of oorin extracts from this work previously

referred to ms referred to Insofar as applicable

ffiio tilampvs of the ur Lone By- laquo3aily K 9496

Of iio Vulud to ft atudy of the car^paign A

description of tho ctuvrnoterlstios of the people of

tho ialcan peninsula lgtol porHcultrly

A history of tho 5rcat var - By

In couron vith fwav of the general hiatories

of the ^ e u t laquodrraquo this hist6ry baroly tuontlons the

Serbian theater of operations

OF

AHLV (1) e jro l laquooxt (bolow)laquopogo being given following i b i

1 AHLV Auotria- Hungaryx l^st rf 1014- 1916 ( iiuv ColiO(e ^runslat lon)

2 MHiAy Mili tary History of the World Wur- C A Howlwad

3raquo CD Les Oa-npagnlaquoia de Sorbie en 1914 ot 1916- oylor

4raquo M ioa ViotOlres Cerbes en 1914- i)os Varna and i- Uarbox T i i l

P a g e I n t r o d u c t i o n 1

M o b i l i z a t i o n a n d C o n c e n t r a t i o n 2

O p e r a t i o n s bull Z

3 i V i i o g r a p h y bull laquo 19

L i s t o f A b b r o v l u t i o n a i raquo 1

p o c k e t i n A p p e n d i x 1 ( G p e o i a l top A) laquo r o a r c o v e r

A p p e n d i x 2 l i i p e o i a l Vnp BJ bull p o c k e t i n - r o a r b


THE JADAR CAMPAlON


mdashomdash-omdash



















JOBILIZAfiIQ AN





























pagd 15 II





























































(9) CD pace 16










bara (2)



























































foroos wlaquoW





































































































































- 1 1






























25thDivUlom (6)


BAt J - shy

- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF







THE JADAR CAMPAlON


mdashomdash-omdash



















JOBILIZAfiIQ AN





























pagd 15 II





























































(9) CD pace 16










bara (2)



























































foroos wlaquoW





































































































































- 1 1






























25thDivUlom (6)


BAt J - shy

- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






JOBILIZAfiIQ AN





























pagd 15 II





























































(9) CD pace 16










bara (2)



























































foroos wlaquoW





































































































































- 1 1






























25thDivUlom (6)


BAt J - shy

- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF


































































(9) CD pace 16










bara (2)



























































foroos wlaquoW





































































































































- 1 1






























25thDivUlom (6)


BAt J - shy

- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF















bara (2)



























































foroos wlaquoW





































































































































- 1 1






























25thDivUlom (6)


BAt J - shy

- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF









































foroos wlaquoW





































































































































- 1 1






























25thDivUlom (6)


BAt J - shy

- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF









































































































- 1 1






























25thDivUlom (6)


BAt J - shy

- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






- 12 shy



























territory (4 (gt v




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF




























































woakoned (4)











(1) Oi) paf-e 23 (3) CD ie A (5) CD

-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






-15 V-






River (1)










material (2



















bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






bull - 1 6 -



































CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






CONCLUSIONS
















trlampn Invader


































poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






























poreonalUy

(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






(


g ft

























rSerbia In 1914

- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






- 20 shy



















detailed study







- 21 shy



















OF






- 21 shy



















OF






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