athena the deity of athens and classical greece was the goddess of knowledge and wisdom
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Athena
The deity of Athens and classical Greece was the goddess of
knowledge and wisdom
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IDEALISM• Plato believed that perfect truth,
beauty and wisdom exist in the world of forms and ideas – and can only be reached through the power of reason and the human mind
• Plato views art as an imitation or mimesis of true beauty, truth and wisdom.
• Through the ideal human form, Greek sculptors seek to represent things as they should be – an ideal type whose appearance is governed not by the senses of desire but is ordered, calm, unemotional like a sound mind
• A sound body = a sound mind
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RATIONALISM
• The intellect is the highest human faculty
• The rational mind can achieve knowledge of truth, wisdom and beauty
• We have rational minds because beyond the world of appearances or reality the universe if governed by logic and reason
• When an artists hands are guided by an alert mind, they can uncover universal logic and reason = canon of proportion
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LATE CLASSICAL: WHY WAS IT CREATED (CA)
• Time of upheaval and political invasion – Peloponnesian war, re-unification of Greece, followed by Macedonian rule, then Alexander the Great
• War profoundly impacted the Psyche of the Greeks – WAR IS NOT RATIONAL
• Brought an end to the serene idealism of the Classical period
• Greek thought and art began to focus less on the an ideal world of perfect beings and more on the individual, and real world appearances – THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE
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What are the facts? (F)
Artist: PraxitelesPatron: City of KnidianTitle: Aphrodite of KnidosDate: 350 BCEPeriod/Style: Late ClassicalSize: 6’ 8”Location: Temple at Knidos
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
Carved Marble
SUBJECT MATTERAphordite – Mythic figure Genre scene - everyday life. She is about to take a Bath.
AN INTIMATE SCENE OF HUMANITY
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How is the subject matter visually represented / presented? (FA)
Humanized and completely nude
About to step in the bath – can be viewed from every angle - A Goddess to be gazed upon!!!
Shocking in its day but not erotic – hand is modestly placed over her pelvis
She is sensuous: S-curve of her body – sculpture
in the roundHer face has a smile that was
said to have a “welcoming look”The S-curve of her body
highlights the soft flesh of her body
WHAT KIND OF LOVE DOES SHE PROMOTE? WHAT CHANGE IN GREEK CULTURE CAUSES THIS SHIFT IN FOCUS?
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What are the facts? (F)
Artist: PraxitelesPatron: NATitle: Hermes and the infant DionysusDate: 350 BCEPeriod/Style: Late ClassicalSize: 7’ 1”Location: Temple of Hera
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
Carved Marble
SUBJECT MATTERMythology. Hermes delivering baby Dionysus to be raised in the woods by nymphs
AN INTIMATE SCENE OF INTERACTION AND HUMANITY
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How is the subject matter visually represented / presented? (FA)
He leans on a tree trunk, restingS-Curve stanceDelicate featuresWould be holding grapes for DionysusGazes dreamily into spaceTender and human interaction – Gods have stepped off their pedestal and are demonstrating human experiences
WHAT KIND OF LOVE DOES HE PROMOTE? Have we seen this before?
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What are the facts? (F)
Artist: LysipposPatron: NATitle: Weary HeraklesDate: 350 BCEPeriod/Style: Late ClassicalSize: 10’ 5”Location: NA
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUESCarved Marble
SUBJECT MATTERMythology. Herakles – Hero and God. A tragic figure in Late Classical art
AN INTIMATE SCENE OF THE HEROES HUMANITY
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KNOWN FOR:
StrengthCourage Ingenuity – Often outwitted his enemyProtector of the GymVery masculine but also a passionate and emotional figure
IF HE WERE DEPICTED DURING THE CLASSICALPERIOD WHICH OF HIS TRAITS WOULD BE THE FOCUS?
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How is the subject matter visually represented / presented? (FA)
Muscular body contrasts with exhausted stance – leans on his club for support
The viewer must walk around it – he holds the golden apple behind his back
Despite having completed one of his labors he is not serene of joyful – he can think only of his pain and weariness
His stance is s rejection of stability and balance that reflects his emotional state
Elongated proportions
In What way is the portrayal of this subject matter a reflection of historical events in the late classical period?
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Lets Compare
• Classical Sculpture can be described as: Rational, idealized, “perfect,” detached, self-contained, unemotional, balanced, unified, ordered and calm, proportional (cannon)
• Late Classical Sculpture can be described as: Naturalistic, personalized, humanized, relaxed, “soft,” breaking into viewer’s space, elongation of proportions