Athletic Injuries ATC 222

Emergency Situations and Injury Assessment

Chapter 7

Emergency Plan

• Important Issues to Consider– phone accessibility– emergency phone numbers– who call the EMS– keys to gates, doors, padlocks, etc– written and posted emergency plans– all people aware of emergency

plan/role– medical history information– EMT/paramedic in charge of situation

Assessment

• Primary Survey– definition

• Secondary Survey– definition

Primary Survey

• unconscious• face mask• position of victim• procedures for CPR, rescue

breathing, choking

Shock

• Def. = failure of circulatory system• Types

– hypovolemic– psychogenic– anaphylactic– metabolic

• Signs and Symptoms– pale, cool, clammy skin– restlessness, anxiety– dilated pupils– rapid/weak pulse– rapid/shallow respiration– decreased b/p

Shock (Cont.)• Treatment

– maintain body temperature– elevate legs– monitor ABC’s– call EMS

• Variations in care– head injury– neck injury– LE fracture/dislocation

Secondary Survey

• Vital Signs– pulse– respiration– blood pressure– temperature– skin color– pupils– state of consciousness

Pulse

• Sites– adult average = 60-80 bpm– child average = 80-100 bpm

Respiration

• adult average = 12/min.• child average = 20-25/min.

Blood Pressure

• Definition– systolic– diastolic

• Ranges– 120/80 = normal– 140/90 = borderline hypertension– 160/100 = hypertension

Temperature

• Types– skin– core

Skin Color

• Normal skin color?– Dark complexion

• Red• White• Blue (cyanotic/cyanosis)

Pupils• Constricted, dilated, or unequal• Unresponsive/sluggish

Musculoskeletal Assessment

• Procedure– HOPS

• Immediate care– R.I.C.E.R.

• R = rest• I = ice

– effects– types

• C = compression• E = elevation• R = rehabilitation

Splinting and Transportation

Transportation– stretcher– spine board

• Pg. 183– manual conveyance

• seat carry• walking assist

• Crutches– 1” – 30 degrees– NWB, PWB, stairs