ATHLETICS In British English athletics designates track and field events. In American English the term athletics is used synonymously with the term sport. The Americans use the term track-and-field (nowadays also written track and field) as the synonym for the British English term athletics.

ATHLETICS / TRACK-AND-FIELD Athletics (AmE track-and-field) championships encompass events that can be divided into track events (also termed running events) and field events. Track events are classified into:

sprinting events (races of 400

metres and less) in which a runner runs in the same lane the whole race

middle distance running (races from 500 to 2,000 metres) and

long distance running (races of more than 2,000 metres.

Relay races are men’s and women’s 4 x 100m and 4 x 400m relays. Hurdles, e.g. 110m hurdles for men and 100m hurdles for women, are run in lanes. The Olympic 3,000m steeplechase is an event with 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps. Long distance walking events (walks) and marathon (42.195 km) take place on roads. Field events take place on the field. They include throwing events and jumping events. In throwing events (javelin throw, hammer throw, discus throw and shot put) athletes throw various implements. In javelin throw a javelin is thrown from behind a curved line which is at the end of a runway. The javelin must land within the area termed landing sector. A shot, which is a solid metal ball, is put from the shoulder. A discus is usually made of wood and has a metal rim. A

track event/running event

to sprint = to dash = juriti *brzo trčati

sprint/sprinting event = disciplina/utrka na kratke pruge

In swimming, 50 and 100m events are also termed sprinting events.

1,000 1,000,000

implement = general language alat, oruđe, sredstvo; sport sprava

Term suggested by some researchers:

projektil (?)

hammer consists of a solid metal head, a wire, and a single- or a double-loop grip. A safety cage must be put around the throwing area both in hammer and in discus throw to protect other athletes, judges and spectators.

discus /’diskǝs/ noun – athletics disk

disc /’disk/ noun – anatomy disk (e.g., intervertebral disc)

discuss /dis’kʌs/ noun – raspravljati

The athletes can jump for distance (long jump, triple jump) and height (high jump and pole vault). In the high jump event, a crossbar is placed between two rigid uprights and athletes try to clear it. The crossbar is raised after each round. A long jump event consists of four phases: run-up, take-off, flight and landing. The competitors leap from a take-off board into a sand pit, also called a sand landing area. The competitors are allowed to use one or two markers along the runway. Triple jump implies a hop, step and jump sequence. The jumpers take off from one foot and first land on that same foot. Then they take a long step and land on the opposite foot. Finally, they jump into the landing area. In the pole vault event the competitors use a flexible pole to vault a crossbar. A vaulter runs down the runway and plants the pole into the take-off box.

to jump for distance = skakati u daljinu

to jump for height = skakati u

visinu

to clear a (cross)bar = preskočiti letvicu

upright noun = stalak

upright adjective = uspravan marker / check mark = oznaka

runway/run-up track = zaletište run-up = zalet

landing pit/sand landing pit/sand landing area/landing area/sand pit = doskočište, jama s pijeskom, pješčanik (?)

jump/leap = skok hop = poskok

flexible = savitljiv (NOT: rastezljiv)

to vault a (cross)bar = preskočiti letvicu, prijeći preko

letvice take-off box = ubodna kutija (ad litteram translation of the German term Stichkasten) to plant the pole into the take-off box = postaviti motku u ubodnu kutiju

The Olympic combined events are:

decathlon, which is a men's competition consisting of ten events

heptathlon, a women's competition consisting of seven events.

decathlon < from deca- (ten) + Greek athlon (contest, prize)

heptathlon < from hepte- (seven) + Greek athlon (contest)

Exercises Complete the sentences by choosing the correct ending.

1. Track meet is ... a) ... a series of track-and-field events. b) ... a series of running contests. c) ... a series of jumping and throwing contests.

2. An athlete is ... a) ... a sportsperson in general. b) ... a sportsperson engaged in athletics only. c) ... a sportsperson engaged in a team sport.

3. To clear the bar means ... a) ... to jump over or to vault a bar without knocking

it off its place on the uprights. b) ... to stop. c) ... to start.

4. Heptathlon ... a) ... consists of five track-and-field events. b) ... consists of seven track-and-field events. c) ... consists of ten track-and-field events.

5. A hammer is ...

a) ... a metal ball used in playing boules. b) ... a metal ball used in bowling.

c) … a metal ball attached to a steel wire and thrown . for distance in athletics.

to clear the (cross)bar = preskočiti letvicu

upright = noun stalak upright = adjective uspravan

6. A relay race is ...

a) ... a race in which each member of a team runs one part of the set distance.

b) ... a cross-country race. c) … a track race in which contestants run over distances of 5,000m and longer.

7. A hurdle race is ... a) .... a race in which each member of a team runs one

part of the set distance. b) ... a cross-country race. c) … a track race in which contestants must jump over

. the hurdles.

8. A steeplechase is ... a) ... a race in which each member of a team runs one

part of the set distance. b) ... a foot race over hurdle and water obstacles. c) ... a dash.

8. A sprint is ...

a) ... a dash. b) ... an endurance event. c) ... a middle distance race.

10. A shot is ... a) ... a ball used in polo.

b) ... a metal ball used in putting a shot. c) ... a ball used in golf.

Fill in the table below.

TRACK EVENTS FIELD EVENTS JUMPING EVENTS THROWING

EVENTS JUMPING FOR

DISTANCE JUMPING FOR HEIGHT

Choose a matching expression from the list that follows. ___________ is a 3,000m footrace run over hurdle and water obstacles. ___________ is a jumping event in which competitors attempt to clear a bar which is placed on two uprights. ___________ is an event in which the competitors execute a hop-step-jump sequence to jump the furthest distance. ___________ is an event in which the jumper uses a flexible pole to vault a bar. ___________ is a sporting event in which people jump for distance. ___________ is a competition in which a metal shot is put the furthest distance. ___________ is an event in which a metal ball that is attached to the end of a wire is thrown

the furthest distance. ___________ is a 42 km running race. ___________ is a competition consisting of 10 different events.

decathlon, hammer throw, high jump, long jump, marathon, pole vault, shot put, steeplechase, triple jump

Match the terms from column A with their combining terms from column B. Write down the multi-word terms. A B running jump __________________________

sporting race __________________________

take-off put __________________________

take-off event __________________________

relay race __________________________

field board __________________________

shot event __________________________

long box __________________________

sprinting event __________________________

Write down the synonyms of the following terms. track event __________________________

sprint __________________________

check mark __________________________

jump __________________________

competition __________________________

athlete __________________________

landing pit __________________________

runway __________________________

Underline the correct form of the term / phrase. There are cases in which more than one solution correct. 1 sprint event sprinting event sprinted event

2 sporting event sports event sporty event

3 throw for distance throw in the distance throw on the distance

4 clear over the bar clear across the bar clear the bar

5 vault across the bar vault the bar vault over the bar

Remember!

Athletic events: Athletes: high jump - high jumper triple jump - triple jumper long jump - long jumper pole vault - pole vaulter javelin throw - javelin thrower hammer throw - hammer thrower discus throw - discus thrower shot put - shot putter running - runner hurdling - hurdler steeplechase - steeplechase runner sprint - sprinter middle-distance run - middle-distance runner distance run - distance runner marathon - marathon runner

relay racing - relay runner

Spelling of some terms is not always consistent. Hence, remember the following varieties:

noun run up / run-up BUT: verb run up noun take off / take-off / takeoff BUT: verb take off There are three flight techniques that can be used to counter angular momentum when executing a long jump – these techniques are the sail, the hang, and the hitch-kick. Match the names of flight techniques with appropriate pictures.

1 Hitch-kick technique A

2 Sail technique B

3 Hang technique C

Describe the execution of a long jump. Pay attention to the following key terms and make sure you use them in your description:

RUN-UP

TAKE-OFF

FLIGHT

LANDING

runway stationary velocity* development maximum speed* transition into take-off

take-off angle take-off height to generate upward force horizontal velocity vertical velocity ground reaction force horizontal distance travelled

horizontal displacement forward rotation legs arms trajectory

to extends legs forward to lean forward heels knees absorb the impact

*velocity = measure of speed over time

Source: https://www.britannica.com/sports/long-jump

VOCABULARY

3,000 steeplechase 3000 metara sa zaprekama

absorb glagol absorbirati, upiti

along duž

angle kut

athlete sportaš / sportašica

attempt pokušaj

boules boće

bowling kuglanje

check mark oznaka

combined event višeboj

competition natjecanje, nadmetanje

competitor natjecatelj

comprise glagol tvoriti, sačinjavati, činiti; obuhvaćati

contest natjecanje, nadmetanje

contestant natjecatelj

crossbar letvica

curve glagol saviti

curved savijen

dash glagol juriti; utrka na kratke pruge

decathlon desetoboj

development razvoj

discus throw bacanje diska

displacement pomak

distance udaljenost

double-loop grip drška s dvije omče

encompass glagol obuhvaćati

endurance izdržljivost

engage in uključiti se (u)

event natjecanje; disciplina

field event tehnička disciplina

flexible savitljiv

flight let

foot race /footrace trkačka utrka

force sila

generate glagol proizvesti

ground reaction force sila reakcije podloge

hammer kladivo

hammer throw bacanje kladiva

hang technique tehnika leta uvinućem

height visina

heptathlon sedmoboj

high jump skok u vis

hitch-kick technique koračna tehnika

hop glagol poskakivati, poskočiti; imenica poskok

horizontal velocity horizontalna / vodoravna brzina

hurdle prepona

impact sraz, sudar, udar, udarac

implement sprava (npr., u atletici)

imply podrazumijevati

javelin koplje

javelin throw bacanje koplja

jumping event skakačka disciplina

land glagol doskočiti

landing doskok

landing pit/sand landing pit/sand landing area/landing area/sand pit

doskočište, jama s pijeskom, pješčanik (?)

lane staza

leading leg zamašna noga

leap, leapt, leapt skočiti

long distance run utrka na duge pruge

long distance running trčanje na duge pruge

long jump skok u dalj

marker oznaka

middle distance run utrka na srednje pruge

middle distance running trčanje na srednje pruge

plant glagol postaviti

pole motka

pole vault skok s motkom

race utrka

raise podići

relay race štafetna utrka

rigid krut, čvrst, nesavitljiv

rim obruč

round krug, runda

run utrka

running event trkačka disciplina

running race trkačka utrka

run-up zalet

run-up track zaletište

runway zaletište

safety cage zaštitna mreža

sail technique zgrčna tehnika

sequence redoslijed; niz

shot kugla

shot put bacanje kugle

single-loop grip drška s jednom omčom

solid krut

speed brzina (kao skalarna veličina)

sporting event sportska disciplina

sportsperson sportaš / sportašica

sprint glagol juriti; imenica utrka na kratke pruge

sprinting event utrka na kratke pruge

stationary nepomičan; u mjestu

steel čelik

step korak

take off glagol odraziti se

take-off odraz

take-off angle kut uzleta

take-off board odrazna daska

take-off box ubodna kutija

take-off height visina uzleta

throwing event bacačka disciplina

track staza (svih 8 zajedno)

track event trkačka disciplina

track meet atletski miting

trajectory putanja

transition prijelaz

triple jump troskok

upright stalak

vault glagol preokrenuti (se); glagol prijeći preko, preskočiti

vaulter skakač s motkom

velocity brzina (kao vektorska veličina)

vertical velocity vertikalna / okomita brzina

walk disciplina brzoga hodanja

walking event disciplina brzoga hodanja

wire žica; žičano uže