athropods “arthros”“pod” “jointed” “foot”. reigners and rulers of the world 4 make...
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Athropods
“arthros” “pod”
“jointed” “foot”
Reigners and rulers of the world make up over three quarters of
the animal kingdom
Exoskeleton chitinous exoskeleton (a cuticle
secreted by underlying epidermis that contains chitin) chitin is a polysacchride also found in the cell walls of fungi
the exoskeleton serves as an armor to protect the soft body of the insect, as well as to aid in mobility
this outside skeleton must be shed periodically as the athropod grow the shedding is called “ecdysis”
Paired Jointed Appendages
Jointed appendanges well developed sense organs
Metamorphosis growth accompanied by
ecdysis (molting) of the exoskeleton, can become 33% larger than before the shed
Can grow by complete or incomplete metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Open Circulatory System open circulatory system that contains the blood
(hemolymph)
Reproduction sexes are separate
(dioecious)
parthenogenesis occurs in some species (such as bees, wasps and termites)
Crustaceans two pairs of antennae
pair of mandibles,
pair of compound eyes (usually on stalks)
two pair of maxillae on their heads, followed by a pair of appendages on each body segment The appendages are primitively branched (biramous), and although this condition is modified in many species, adults always have at least some biramous appendages.
Crustaceans respire via gills.
Arachnids 4 pairs of walking legs “pedipalps” or “foot
feelers” feeding appendages
called chelicerae mostly predators and
parasites
Diplopods 2 pairs of legs per
segment Round superficially
segmented body herbivore/scavenger secretes acid at
posterior end
Chilopods 1 pair of legs per
segment Flat segmented body Has posterior poison
gland and anterior jaws
carnivores
Merostomata large shield that covers the
cephalothorax.
compound eyes are reduced.
second pair of appendages, the pedipalps, resemble walking legs.
They have a long, spike-like appendage called a telson that projects from the rear of their bodies.
Respiration is via book gills.
Entomology--> the study of Insects Insects are the most
numerous form of animal life on the planet. Close to 80% of all animal species humans have described are insects. There are over 300,000 known species of beetles -- just one type of insect
Body Plan
head (antennae, compound eyes, feeding appendages)
thorax (wings, 6 legs)
abdomen (ovipositor)
Insect Classification Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
Isoptera (termites)
Hemiptera (true bugs,cicadas, aphids, scale insects)
Dictyoptera (roaches, mantids)
Coleoptera (beetles)
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
Diptera (flies)
Siphonaptera (fleas)
Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)
Harmful Insects Pests, vectors of pathogens, crop eaters, sting, bite
Beneficial Insects Pollination, honey, silk, food (entomophagy), biological
control, designer genes
References The Wonderful World of Insects :
http://www.earthlife.net/insects/six01.html University of Kentucky “Bug Food”
http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Entomology/ythfacts/bugfood/bugfood.htm
MiniBeast Museum: http://members.aol.com/YESedu/mainmenu.html
Arthropoda Lesson: www.kent.wednet.edu/.../sci_class/ chap14/arthropod.html