SEPT. 2018 - 2 1/2 HRS

HISTORY PAPER 1REVISION KIT & PREDICTION

EXAMINATIONS 2018

MARKING SCHEME-2014

1. Give two examples of oral traditions used in the study of Kenyan communities (2mks)

- Folk tale

- Proverbs

- Story telling

- Legends

- Myths

- Riddles

2. Give one way in which the knowledge of iron working helped in the migration of the Bantu (1mk)

- Better weapons which enabled them to fight and conquer other communities

- Better farming tools which helped them to clear large tracts of land.

3. State one reason why the age-set system was important among the Kenyan communities in the pre-

colonial.(1mk)

- It was symbol unity in the communities

- It was used to deferred the communities

- For identification in the community

4. Identify two factors that enabled missionaries to carry out their activities in Kenya by 1920 (2mks)

- Colonial –The British government maintained law and order in Kenya which enabled the

missionaries to do their work

- The colonial masters, encouraged missionaries to come for Kenya and gave them financial and

material support

- The building of Kenya-Uganda railway assisted the missionaries to move into the interior

- They learnt the local languages and translated the bible into local language

- They built schools and hospitals which attracted Africans

- They gave Africans gifts

- They were involved in charity work like helping orphans ,windows and freeing slaves

- They befriended African chiefs who gave them land and provided security to the missionaries

- They lived sided-by-side with Africans

5. State two economic benefits of the Oman rule along the Kenyan Coast during the 19th century (

2mks)

- Oman established long distance trade in East Africa

- The Oman led to development of plantation agriculture along the Kenyan coast

- They introduced new crops in East Africa coast e.g. mangoes, rice, pineapple-sugarcane etc.

6. State one way in which united under one president promote national unit in Kenya

- All Kenyans are united under one president and therefore minimizes conflict

- It acts as a symbol of national unity

- It create one center of power

7. Name two communities in Kenya that showed mixed reaction to colonial rule.

- Luo

- Akamba

- Agikuyu

8. State two ways in which the constitution protects persons with disabilities )2mks)

- Should be treated with dignity and respect to be referred and addressed in a manner that is not

demeaning their identity /personality

- To access educational institution and facilities for person with disabilities

- To use sign lingual/Braille

- To access all places, public transport and information

- To have representation in the elective post

9. State one reason why the colonial government established local native council in Kenya in 1924

- It was aimed at involving the local people in running of the government

- To provide link between central government and the rural community

- To provide a legal forum for local people to air their views

- To provide specific services to the people residing in a particular area.

10. What was the main reason why Kenyan African democratic Union (KADU) was formed in 1960

- To fight for the rights of the minority tribes

11. Identify the person who led KANU delegation during the second Lancaster house of 1962

- Jomo Kenyatta

12. Give the main function of the government chief whip in Kenya’s parliament.

- To rally members of parliament to pass government bills in parliament.

13. Give two reasons why Africans were denied equal educational opportunities during the colonial

period

- African to provides semi-skilled labour for the White settlers

14. State two challenges facing Kenya leaders in the application of Nyayo philosophy

- Tribalism

- Lack of political maturity

- Un equal distribution of resources

- Corruption

- Ethnic clashes

15. Name one basic social problem that the government of Kenya has tried to solve since independence

- Insecurity

- Influx of refugees

- Spread of HIV/AIDS/diseases

- Problems of internally displaced people

- Poverty eradication

- Gender imblance

- Illiteracy

16. State two challenges that are likely to be experienced by country government in Kenya (2mks)

- Some countries are likely to attract few economic activities

- Provision of adequate facilities e.g. building to host countries headquarters and other administration

- Disagreement between countries and the national government on the criteria for allocating a share of

the national revenue to the countries

- Powers struggle between the governors and the senators

- Sharing resources which are cutting across the neighboring countries

- Difficult in implementing devolved government policies as per the new constitution

17. Identify one function of the commission revenue allocation

- Making recommendation on the equitable sharing of revenue raised by the national government

between

- Making recommendations on other financial management by county governments

- Defining and enhancing revenue resources of the national and county government

- Encouraging fiscal responsibility

SECTION B

18. a) State five similarities in the social organization of the Agikuyu and Luo during the pre-colonial

period (5mks)

- in both the family was the basic social unit

- in both marriage was compulsory and exogamous/they were also polygamous

- they believed in one God ad they had special shrines where they worshipped

- they both practiced initiation of their youth

- they had formal education

- in both there was division of labour according to gender and age

b) Describe the political organization of the Kamba during the pre-colonial period (10mks)

- They had decentraced system of government

- The clan was formed according to their occupation e.g. Amuunda (farmers Atwii ( iron workers)

etc

- The clans were rules by a council of elders –There were various grades of elders according to ago

e.g. junior elders ,medium, full and senior elders

- The medium (Nthele) full elders ( kivalo) elders dealt with administration work and passing

judgment .They also maintained law and order

- The senior most elders (thembo) dealt with religious functions and other serious matters affecting

the community like war

- The junior warriors (Anake) formed the military organization they defended the community and

conducted raids

- The smallest political unit was the family

19. a. identify five factors that led to the growth of towns along the coast at Kenya before the 19th

century (5mks)

- Trade between Kenya and the outside world

- Settlement of Arabs and Persians along the coast

- Contributed to the growth of towns

- Administration-The sultan and sheikhs conducted their administrative work in the towns

- Security –Most of them were located on an Island or raised land which provided security

- A rich Hinterland which provided the towns with food

- Region –Islamic religion attracted many people in the towns

b. Explain five ways through which sayyid said encouraged the development of plantation

agriculture along the East Africa coast

- He encouraged slave trade which supplied cheap labour to the farms

- Introduction of crops e.g. cloves, coconut

- Signing of trade treaties which created international market

- Establishing plantations e.g clove plantation in Zanzibar

- Encouraged Arab settlers to come and engaged in plantation agriculture along the coast

- Acquired more land and put it under plantation especially near Malindi and Mombasa

- Provided security to the plantation farmers

- Introduced legislation that encouraged plantation e.g coconut.

20. a. State five terms of the Devonshire white paper of 1923

- The highlands were reserved for white settlers only

- Indians would elect five members to the legco

- Voting was to be on a common roll

- Racial segregation in residential areas was prohibited of Indians immigration was abolished /lifted

- A missionary was to be nominated to the legco to represent African interest ( Dr. John

Arthur)Africans interest were to be of paramount importance

- European influence in government was to be controlled

- Settlers demand for self-independence was rejected

b.Explain five challenges faced by the settlers in Kenya during the colonial period (10mks)

- African hostility e.g. raids by the Nandi and the Agikuyu

- Labour shortage as Africans were reluctant to offer labour

- Inadequate funds to purchase farm inputs

- Crop and animal diseases

- Unfavorable weather conditions settlers were unfamiliar with the seasons

- Poor transport network made some of the settlers farms inaccessible

- Rise of African nationalism as land became a major grievance in the struggle for independence.

21. a. Identify five causes of the Mau-Mau uprising in 1952 (5mks)

- Land alienation

- Creation of African reserves

- Lack of African representation in the legco

- Poor living and working conditions of African in urban areas and settlers farms

- Forced labour

- Imposition of taxes

- Kipande system

- Colonial brutality e.g. flogging of chiefs

- Racial discrimination

- Brutality of colonial police and African chiefs

- Destrucking policy

- Low wages

- Arrests and detention of African leaders

- Banning of African political parties

- Lack of compensation for the ex-soldiers of the world wide. They formed the forty Anake

- The upland become factory massacre where the police wounded and killed African strictly workers

- Closure of karatina megetube factory leading for unemployment

- Olenguruone episode where African squatters were brutally evicted from the semi arid area

- Unemployment among Africans

b.Explain five roles of women in the struggle for independence in Kenya

- They conveyed arms from the government military formations to freedom fighters

- They participated in anti-colonial demonstrations e.g. many Muthoni

- They inspired and mobilized their people to resist against the colonial government e.gg mekatilili wa

menza and prophetess mona

- They contributed to establishment of independent churches and schools e.g. Aoko of legio Maria

- They provided food, medicine and clothing to the freedom fighters e.g Wambui Otieno during Mau Mau

- They supported early political associations e.g. the East African Association

- They cared for their families and kept them intact as the men went to war

- They composed songs and dance to ridicule the colonial system

- They participated in armed resistence by joining the fighters in the forests

- They mobilized people to join the liberation

- They organized and administered oaths to unite people against the British

- They participated in conference meetings e.g. Priscilla Abwao attended the first Lancaster house

conference

- They formed women’s organization e.g maendeleo ya wanawake in 1960,which supported the

independence of Kenya

- They conveyed information on the colonial government to freedom fighters

SECTION C

22. a. Identify three duties of the governor in colonial Kenya

- Making policies

- Giving assent to law from the legco before they were implemented

- Head of executive

- Nominated 3 no-official members of the legco

- Had complete responsibility over the running of the colony

- Head of state

- Maintain law and order

- Declared state of emergency

b. Describe the structure of the central government administration in Kenya during the colonial

period.

- At the head was the colonial secretary based in London and who was the overall co-coordinator of

colonial policies

- In Kenya the British government was represented by the governor who had complete responsibility

for the colony and was assisted by two advisory bodies the executive and the legislation council

- For easy administration ,the county was divided into provinces headed by provincial commissioner

- The provinces were further sub-divided into district headed by the district commission

- The district were divided into divisions under district officers

- The division were further sub-divided into locations under chiefs

- The location were further sub-divided into sub-location under the leadership of Africa sub-divided

- Under whom were the headmen in the village

Structure of central government

Colonial Secretary London

Governor Kenya

Provincial Commission Province

District Commission District

District Officer Division

Chief Location

Sub Chief Sub –Location

Headmen Village

23. a. Outline three functions of the current Kenyan senate

- Representing the countries and protecting the interest of the counties and their government

- Considering debating and approving bills that concern counties

- Determining the allocation of national revenue among counties

- Exercising oversight over national revenue allocation to the county government

- Making the laws

- Participating in oversight of the stute by considering and determining any resolution to remove the

president or deputy president from office

- Provide checks and balances to the county government

b.Explain six features of the new constitution of Kenya (2010)

- Sovereignty of the people and supremacy of the constitution ‘

- The republic

- Citizenship

- The bill of rights

- Land and environment

- Leadership and integrity

- Representing of the people

- The legislation

- The executive

- Revolved government

- Public finance

- Public service

- National security

- Commissions and independent offices

- Amendments of the constitution

- General provisions

- Transition and consequential provision

24. a. State three components of democracy

- Political aspect

- Social aspect

- Economic aspect

b.Explain six challenges facing convectional services in Kenya

- Overcrowding –Due to increased number of prisoners, there are poor living and sanitation conditions in

provision

- Diseases –Disease outbreak is a major problem among prisoners due to congesting e.g. Cholera and AID

are rampant among prisoner

- Inadequate rehabilitation and personnel in prisons to counsel criminals and drug addicts

- Drug abuse and immorality-Hard drugs are findings their way in prisons there are claims of

homosexually in Kenya prisons

- Corruption, nepotism, favoritism some criminals bribe their way out of prison while files for prisoners

disappear in courts

- Prison waders are poorly paid and live in dilapidated houses

- Food shortage inadequate medical budgetary provision for operation and maintenance in the prison

department

- Prisoners complain of mistreatment by prison warders