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Founded in 1923

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1933*A Decade of Scientific Research in Italy . . . Guglielmo Marconi

The Citizenship Value of Italian . . . Mario Petruzzelli

The Rel,igion of Liberalism . .. Francesco Grilli .

An Immigrant Father ... Anthony M. Turaho

*The "Little Italy" of 1850. . . Francesco Moncada

*Poem of Prudence, a short story... Massimo Bontempelli ......Two for Five . , . Giuse7le Cautela

Marionettes on Broadway .. , M. A. Melchiorre

Harvest Time in Merano ... Alice SeelSte Rossi

Two and Two Make Four, a short s'hort story. . . Gnland,uMangione

Songs from the Sicilian, verse .

Atlantica's Observatory

The Art World ... Mgurice I. Valency

The New Books .

Umbrian Landscape, verse .. . luli,a C. Altrocch,i

The Italians in the United States .

Viva il Fascismo, verse . . . Iltalter Littlefield

Atlantica in Italiano

Topics of the Month . ,. Rosario Ingorgiola

The Cover This Month

Some of the latest r\rorks of theyoung Neapolitan-American art-ist represented on the cover thismonth, Frank Di Gioia, have beenexhibited this month at the MarieIfarriman Gallery, and they havebeen cordially and even enthus-iastically received by the NewYork press,.

The "Herald Tribune" confineditself to saying he "makes an out-standing impression," but accord-ing to the "Evening Post," he hasan "ability to make crowded littlecompositions int water color comevividly to life like a pageant. . . .

the ability to seize upon thebodily gesture that reveals themental habit in humorous char-actefization," which "is no moreapparent than his increased puwerof draftsmanship and of composi-tion on a larger and less con-gested scale." The "Times" re-marks that he "works felicitouslyin oil but moves with a freer, arrore authoritative hand in watercolor. He has made a place forhimself with his delightful littleurban satires." These satires, the"Sun" points out, have to domostly with the Italian quarter,and it adds that they "a11 arevastly entertaining as documents,b,ut the little water color 'GoingI{ome' is something more, beingsubtly and feelingly painted."

The son of a Neapolitan sculp-tor who reproduced the sculpturesof the ancient Greeks, young DiGioia f ollowed painting ratherthan sculpture when, as a boy, hecame to America rvith his family.He rvent through the publicschools in the usual way, studiedpainting at Cooper lJnion, andthen joined the Art StudentsLeague. Art schools he has not{orrnd satisfactory; prir ate study-ing has done more for him. Apetiod as a comfirercial artist, dur-ing r,vhich time his work found itsway into leading magazines, r'vasfollowed lry his present bent,Which is that of using his fellow-Italians and scenes typical ofthem as subjects for his deft andsubtly satirical hand.

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* Asterisk denotes that article appears also in Italianin the section "Atlantica in Italiano".

F. Cassola, M. D., Editor & Publisher; Dominick Lamonica, Managing Editor;Giovanni Schiavo and \llatthew A. Melchiorre, Contributing Editors.

Joseph Loffredo, Business Manager; A. Moro, Circulation Manager.

Published Nlonthly. Annual subscription, $3.00. Single copy 25c. Editorial andGenerai Offices, 33 West 70th St., Ner,v York City. Teiephone TRafalgar 7-1282.Copyright 1932. All manuscripts should be typewritten, accompanied with re-turn postage and addressed to the Editor. No responsibility is assumed for trn-soiicited nranuscripts.

Copyigh.t 1932. No article or story in ttds magazine can be reprinted,wholly or in part wi.thout special permission.

ATLANTICA" NOW 25c. A COPYBeginning with th,is issue, the price of this magazine is reduced to 25c. a copy and $3.00 a year.

This is due to prevailing conditions and is in line with the trend among all magazines today. It willmake ATLANTICA available, we are certain, to a wider reading public, for it will continue its samepolicy, with no other alterations.

147

TOPICS OF TH E MONTHBy Rosorio lngorgiolo

IS AMERICA A

-HE questiorr whether or not

I Arrrel'ica conslitules a genuiner Democracy pops up norv andthen. Lord Bryce, in his famousstucly of the American f orm ofgovernment, while saying many ex-cellent things, flattering and other-wise, never real1y ans\,vered thequestion definitely. Tlrere haveLecn other studerrts since, sornemouthing the usual platitudesabout the American belng the best{orm of Democratic Governnrent inthe world and others expressingsincere doubts about it.

Norv, curiousll' enough, comes noless an authority than our or,vn \VarDepartment to make the skepticismof some impartial observers nolonly well-grouncled, but authorita-tive.

The War Department has issueda pamphlet called "Training NIan.ttal Nio. 2AA0 25, Citizenship,"rvhich every soldier of the LtniiedStates must reacl ancl studr'. Inthis little booli one rneets ihe fol-lorving interesting statement:

"Democracy is t1.re clirect ruleof the people ancl has lteen re-peatedly triecl tvithout snccess.l)emccracy results in N{oboc-racy, Denriagogism, License, Agitation, Discontent, Anarchy."Duubtless, many timid souls will

lre deeply chagrincd ro read thesetreasonable words. They will im-agine that Mussolini, whose con-tempt for Democracy is so well-known, lras perhaps inspirerl thenr.Yct, ii we look it it calmly. thestaternent of the War Department,whiie surprising, contains f actslvhich are true and rvhich can beeasi11' proved.

. I)emocracy both in meaning andin practice. is supposed to har-eoriginated in Athens. Brrt everr inAthens_Denrocrac)' never really ex-isted. Pltrtarch reports that Ll-cur-grrs. who appeare d to be zealousof the equal rights of men, r,r'asasked one day 11'l-yy he clicl not rnakehis governmlnt a Democracy in-stead of an Oligarchy, and the wiselegislator replied: "Go you ancl trya l)emocraclt in 1rs111' olvn house."

lhese rvorcls are true todav, asthev lvere true then. Real Demctc-

DEMOCRACY?

racy has always been and alwayswill bc a dream. It would be pos-sible only if rnen were gods.

X{rs. Stowe once said to some-r.ile: "\'our little child is your onlyti uc clemocrat"-rvhich meahs ex-actl1' the same thing. In order tohave a real Democracv, the peoplein it m,ust be either children org,6cis. But, alas, ther- are neither.

THE RECOGNITIONOF RUSSIAf,HE results of rhe past Presiden-' tial election have brought ro thcfronl once nlore the question of re-cognizing the Soviet Government ofIlussia. Democratic leaders irrWashington, like Senators Su'ansonand Walsh, lvho are close to Gor-.I.-ranklin l). Roosevelt, feel certainthat after March 4th, Russia u'illbe recognized. Well, rve ask. ri'hr.lroL ?

The Soviet Government has beerrin existence fifteen years. Duringall ihis tirne it has bcen a Coreln-ment both de facto ancl cle jure,-a(lovernment, incleed, more stableat'rd more popular than that of ntanr-so-callerl liberal corrntries. .\lnro.Levery nation has recognized it. Italvrvas the first to resllme relationsnrith Rrrssia. Yet, America, liberaland Democratic America, still re-fuses to recogrrize Russia.

civirization : ..D ear,_ Dear ! Is there no ;:i:' ;#;t;";ZEuenins standard"

plain horse senseg',

148

In 1920 I rvrote an article urgingthe recognition of Russia in r,r'hichI quoted the u'orc1s of an Englishpublicist n'ho hacl rvritten in the"London Observer" : "The Russiaof toclay is totally changed f ron.rrvhat it was even last vear, and isclice more a great pou-er."

In 1923 I rvrote arrother articleon the same subject in I'hich Io.'rotecl David Lloyd George, thenic,nr:er Prirne j\linisrel oi England,as follows: "It is time rr'e made upottr minds that the Soviets havccome to stay, whether \re like itoi not."

After a1l these 1's215. q-hat hasArnerica dorre ? N'orhing. Thisslutrborn and idiotic refusal to ac-col ,1 lsqeg.ltion to Russia certainlyrloes A nrerican statesman:1rip nbhonor

Asicle from the moral question,ca.r'r't we see that great commercialadvantages of incalcuiable r,aluer,vill come to the Llnitecl States bvrecognizing Russia ? Or is it th'etteu' arrd startlirrg theory of a new-fangled American Diplomacy thata Government mnst be in power100 years before 1ve may \rouahsaferecognition ?

Let us hop.e that President Roo-:rlelt rvill ans\\'er thc question inthe light of comm,on sense and inthe interest of t-or1d peace andgood rt'il1.

MR. ROTHAFEL ANDTHE HUNK OF MARBLETHE \lLr.it' IJell ni R;,lio CityI- \1-as rlta11{1:ritfrl iest rrronthamid great pomp. Yet. to all artlor-ers. iL: ttto.i nr'tahle iratrlre \\'asthe absence of the three nude

(C ontirtucd on Pa,.t t 776')

A Dccadctf Scicntific Rescarch

in ItalyF IRST oi all, let me point outF nerr- duties which a recent lawI entrustecl in the National Re-..arch Council. This council of-:i:s has been given the responsible-:.sk o{ expressing its opinion ona-- regulations which must be sub-::itted for approval to the Cabinet,-,-'r,rncil whenever such regulations:.ale a technical, scientific char-a.ter. This task is of the highesti::rportance because not a few ma-:,,'r problems of national economy:Lre tied to such regulations. Our,-,ther important task is to controirational proclucts, the right beingsir-en to inclustrialists to apply to,-'ur institntion for an authoritativeguarantee attesting the excellence.-,f their products. This guaranteeis certainly an e{ficacious means topromote appreciation of good Ital-ian products, both at home andabroad.

I shall first recall rhe principalresearches effected and the resultsobtaineil:

Regulations have been suggestedand already approved by law forthe utilization of alcohol as fuel.

A new process has been founclfor extraction of the essence oflen-ron, which improved the qualityof the Italian product and aideclthis branch of agricultural in-clr-rstry.

Researches are approaching aconclusion on products of our can-ning industry, aiming exactly toclefine their qualities in order thatthey may be lnore highly ap-preciated in lvorld trade.

I{esearches are being macle onthe properties of Itaiian tr-rineralu'aters lvhich are not yet r,veliknor'r,n. n'hile the first volume ofan inventorl' dealing rvith Latiumis aborrt to be pultlishecl.

Printing has begun of the firstr-olnrnes, beginning u'ith Sardinia,of an irrventorr- of national fuels,ri'hich is aireaclv comnletecl.

By Qug lielmo e-%Carconi

Concerning carbon fuels, con-crete propclsals have been madeairuing to popularize the use ofsolicl fuels for automotive vehicles,{or both industrial and agriculturait1ses.

In the field of fertilizers, re-search has been extended to thepr ocluction of synthetic nitrates

A subject that has not received,in this country, the attention it me-rits, is the tremendous progressrecently being attained in Italy inthe application cl scientific researchto the natiolal lveilare. Not longago, however, Senator GuglielrnoMarconi, inventor of wireless tele-graphy and one of the really greatmen of the century, speaking as oneof the directors of the ResearchCouncil of Italy, summarized in thepresence of Mussolini the scientificachievements of the last ten yearsin ltaly, thereby bringing the sub-ject to the fore. Senator Marconi'sspeech is herewith reproduced be-low, in an English translation.

Commenting on the address, the"New York Times," in a recenteditorial, called attention to the factthat while State aid to scientificresearch is familiar to us alreadv,what is new is Italy's enaphasis onorganization. "We have at least ahundred laboratories and researchstaffs in Washington, but no cen-tralized direction. Duplication ofeffort is everywhere apparent. Ifwe read Marconi aright, Il Ducehas exercised his powers with suchrare intelligence that ftaly's scien-tific bureaus constitlrte an organicwhole. The Research Council ap-parently initiates research, assignsproblems to the proper scientificagency and exercises general scien-tific control. And Il Duce in turnheads not a hundred scientific divi-sions but the Research Council-thedirecting brain of official science..-..

"The reason for Italy's remark-able technical evolution lies in man-agement and comm,on sense.Strange that in these trying days ofbudget-balancing we have not fol-lowed the Italian example by cen-traiizing the scientific work of theGovernment and thus elim:nzringunnecesasry !.aboratories withoutloss in research efficiency."

and phosphate manures, with spe-cial attention given to mineral man-uring of soil containing a high per-centage o{ soluble shlts in an arid,warm climate. This research is o{the greatest importance to intensifyaglicultural l)roductiou in our cetr-tral soulherrr regiorrs.

lN the fielrl oI engirreering. I amt h"pPy 10 say, researches are al-most always made in collaborationr,vith the State administration andprivate bodies directly interested.

For the technical problems ofroacls a complete cycle of experi-ments has been made on bitum-inous emulsions ancl cement pav-ings, reaching conclusions that havealready been publishecl concerningrules f or accepting materials andthe way in which work must beperf ormed.

Regarding the study of metalbridges, notable and entirely newresults have been obtained concern-ing the behavior of structures un-cler different loacl conclitions.

Two neit types oi marine en-gines are now being tested. Thefirst is designed to replace the gas-oline engines now used on the lastsubmarine chasers u'hich have beendeveloped by the Italian Navy.The second is m,ore suitable forlarge ships.

The important problem of deter-mining the stresses produced byrvaves in the stormy season on har-bor defense r'vorks has also beeninvestigated. At Naples, Cataniaand Genoa important equipment isbeing installed for registering thesestresses.

Researches norv lteiirg' made areaboi-rt to reach concrete results con-cerning the structural characteris-tics of large clams, on vibrationsar.rd on the shaire of projectiles.Particular a.ttention has been c1e-

,licate,1 to tlrc irrvestigation o[ ;r

proposecl reaction nrotor for flights

149

1.50

at high velocities and high altitudes.An unfortunate incident, however,took the life of the inventor, En-gineer George Cicogna, an officerin the navy who had dedicated tothe str-rdy of this fascinating prob-lem his high intellect and his lim-ited financial means. To his mem-ory I send reverent salutations.

I also recall r'vith Pleasure ourscientists rvho actively participatedin the solution of Problems con-nected with the national economy'among which I wish to mention theinvestlgation of the situation in theItalian iron and steel industrY.

Tn the medical field the council'sresearches have been dedicated es-

oeciallv to subiects of the widesti-tygi"ni. interest f or urban and.ural mit-tit-tg populations, particul-arly tl,phoidal f evers, undulatingfever, hookworm, rheumatism anddiseases of sulphur miners.

qTUDIES so {ar performed in the- lrri.f time since they have begunhave resulted in more Preciseknowledge of the Part PlaYed bY

the ameba as the habitat for thematuration of Ebert's virus, on thepropagation of typhoidal fevers bvhies, otr epidemics of typhoidalf evers among the inhabitants o{seashotes, on the capacitY of sui-phur dust to produce hardening ofthe lungs of miners, on the biologYoI micrococcus melitensis and ba-cil1us abortus and on the causesof undulating fever.

Similarly, a new view has beenformulated on the biology andspread of hookr'vorm, and on theinfluence of ultraviolet rays on thehuman organism, while a promis-ing national movement has beenstarted for the study of rheum-atism, which constitutes a gravehygienic problem.

Worthv of mention also are re-searches on the tubercular ultra-virus and the ultramicroscopic ele-ments of the malarial virus, as wellas researches now under way onneoplastic cells and natural meta-bolism during infections.

In the field of the problems ofdiet, the nutritive value of veget-ables, fresh milk products andcheeses in various regions of Italy,as well as of powdered milks andtinned milks, has been exhaustivelystudied, with results of the greatestpractical interest, especially regard.ing the feeding of children.

Researches are at present beingperformed on the nutritive value ofAfrican cereals.

ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1933

Important researches have beenmade or are being made for thestudy of penetrating radiations, aninteresting problem of modernphysics, the results of which havealready been published in a scien-tific review.

By agreement with the Ministriesof Aeronautics and the Navy sim-ultaneous explorations of the highatmosphere and the depths of thesea are being prepared, for thestudy not only of penetrating ra-dions b'ut also of a number of geo-physics problems of the highestscientific interest.

In the fields of geodesy and geo-physics important gravimetric ex-periments have been performed,the principal ones being that ofi931 in Italian seas with the Italiansubmarine Victor Pisani and that

Guglielmo Marconi

on the Carso high plateau. Hor-izontal penclulums have been in-stalied in the caverns of Postumiafor the study of tides and theearth's crust.

fHE research council, in addition' to carrying out a program of re-

searches, has also organized cer-tain services formerly lacking inItaly, while of great practical valuefor our country. The NationalCentre of Technical Informationhas as its object collecting andelaborating information of all kindson the progress in various fields ofscience and its applications, furnish-ing such inforrnation to the Stateadministration, to industrialists andto private individuals.

The Centre has at its disposal awell-equipped technical consulting

A DDCADE

.. :i:1'. a collection of more than

" ::- usand scientific and technical:. . .:'';.-s frorn abroad, and extensive,'-::'.-es. u-ith more than two mil--: -:', e::tries, relative to publications:-_* :'atents. Some four hundred-::i:-:r academies and institutes

....--l:ange publications with us.

-1.oiher service is that of the, .-:an scientific and technical bib-, .:aphr', now in its sixth year of:': :cation. With the active and, ,:{tnt coliaboration of our com-: ::iees. it has assumed a f unda-

.r:a1 importance in the documen-..::c,n of the scientific and technical

-:,:r'ities oi our country. It has.==n cited abroad as a mpdel of

,= tind ancl authoritative approvals.r.','e applauded our work.

Together r'vith the organization- lhe Italian bibliography there is

, ,: library of ltalian reviewsabout 1800 of them), rvhich is

..rlt up-to-date and is the only real---.' con-rplete one existent.

Even the Centrai Institute ofIrchnical Calculations, which be-:an on November first, will soon:e in a position to render notableservices to the State administra-:ion. to industrialists, and to private:ndividuals.

\umerous already are the pub--ications under the supervision ofihe Council, among them our re-r-ie\\', "La ricerca scientifica"' Scientific Research), now enter-ing its fourth vear. By agreementwith the Italian Electro-Technical-\ssociation and the Itaiian Physics-\ssociation, there is also being pub-lished a rel'iew, "L'alta freqttenza"t'High Freouency) which concernsitself particularly with long-distancetelephony, radio - communication,and all allied technical and scien-tific problems.

lT shotrld be noted that manv ofI- the most important Italian scien-tific societies have coordinated theiru,ork ."vith that of the National Re-search Council: for example, theItalian Society for the Advance-ment of Science, the Italian Electro-Technical Association, the ItalianElectro-Technical Committee, andmany others.

OF SCIENTItrIC RESEARCH

Another thing that deserves tobe noted is the work the Councilis now undertaking to collect speci-men relics and documents to showthe magnificent contribution madeby Italy to the progress of civiliza-tion. The collection, which willconsist of more than a thousanclsuch ancient relics selected frornan.rong the most important will,after it has been exhibited at theChicago Exposition of 1933, re-main housed in the American Mu-seum of Sciences in that city.

From this rapid and brief ex-amination of the rvork done todate, there result some facts .,1'hich

perrnit us to formulate a programto be {ollorved steaclily in thefuture, and not only that, but tofix still more accurately the aimso{ our activities. Above all. thereis the necessity of treating fun-damentalll' the problem of ratv ma-terials.

This is probably the greatestproblem of our national economy,in the stucl1' of which oLlr besttechnician have been called tojoin. However, from a complexof elements, it results that the, r'eryserious problem of raw materialshas not been treated deeply enoughin Ttaly. N{uch has been done, butseparately, and without coordina-tion. Many ideas that are thoughtto be exact are instead very un-certain, whereas in this fie1d it isfrequently better not to know thanto believe one knows. fn these re-searches, the help of the CentralInstitute of Statistics, which wetrust wiil not be lacking, will beinvaiuable in integrating rationallythe rvork of our technicians.

The problems that are serious forus are those of research labora-tolies and headquarters. The prob-lem o{ laboratories is a fundamentalone, for there are still too manyresearches in Italy that cannot bemade because of the lack of therequisite experimental means.

JHE problem of headquarters, too,was a serious one for us. I say

"was" because it has now beensolved, and it is for us a newsorlrce of profor,rnd gratitude to ?lI)uce.

IN I'|ALY 151

At present our services are di-stributed in various parts of thecity. Their amalgamation in a singleheadquarters will represent such a

saving of energy and expenditurethat our Institute's yield will cer-tainly be much larger because of it.But Rome was not built in a daY.

We must seek to utilize more andmore to the advantage of ourcountry the great power whicht1-re Council has at its disposal, thatis. the possibility of having recourseimmediately, for the studY of agiven problem, to technicians com-petent to solve them.

Just as there is a Council o{ Statef or juridical and aclministrativeproblems, so oLlrs can be the Gov-ernment's Technical Council, in aposition to deal with scientific andtechnical problems not otl.y from asingle point of view, as oftenhappens lvith specialized commis-sions, but also utilizing all theelements that contribute to bringingabout the most opportune solutions.

And not only in expressing opi-nions, but also in providing theState with news and information,can the work of the Council beuseful. History teaches us thatduring wars, be they military oreconornric, peoples pass throughdifficult moments. In such mornentsan .organization capable of rapidlygiving opinions or data may beprecious. It is an old adage thatbeing informed is often better thanbeing armed.

The preparation of a greaterstatus for scientific research is trulya meritorious work, even as it is ameritorious work to give to ourcountry the means for those re-searches which we cannot yet ex-ecute, but which may, perhaps, ar-rive rapidly at unexpected results,opening up new fields to provideprosperity for our people, who, intheir fecund work, deserve thehighest of destinies.

I trust that by means of thisrapid synthesis I have succeeded ingiving an idea of the work done byour Institute and of the enthu-siasm with which we have allcollaborated, h"ppy to offer ourlabors with absolute devotion toour country and to the regimervhich now governs its destinies.

The Citizenship Value

,f ItalLan

I N considering the citizenshipI value oi the ltalian language in- relation to the education oi Am'erican youth of Italian parentage,we are imnaediately confronted witha very vital question, namely: TheArnericanization of our imrnigrants'children. This is a complex ancldifficult problem, for the solution ofwhich our public schools are spar-ing no effort. They are display-ing an interest and a zeal perhapsunique in the history of any coun-try in the attempt to assimilate andeducate a large foreign element.

A brief review of this interest-ing social experiment as to its or-igin, development, ancl results at-tained, will lead us to a better un-derstanding and to a clearer clis-cussion of cur topic.

When at the very beginning ofour century a new wave of im-migrants coming mostly from Cen-tral Europe and the Latin countriesinundated the Atiantic shores ofAmerica, a feeling of surprise anduneasiness spread am;otlg the Am-erican people. Such a reaction iseasily expiained when we considerthat Europe, especially in the past,has not always sent to this countrythe best of her children. Publicopinion was directed toward thesocial problem arising from the newsituation, and while some directedtheir activity toward the enactmentof legislation to limit the numberof these immigrants, others beganto study what they thought werethe best means to assimilate thisnew mESS of people, to raise theirstandard of living up to or as nearas possible up to that level of com-fort which is typical of this countryand, at the same time, to inculcatein the minds of these irnmigrantsand their chilclren those principlesand ideals v,'hich they felt rvere bestfor the interest o{ America as wellas for the interests of these ner,vcitizens. No other country has pet-haps ever been conf rontecl r,vithsuch a gigantic social undertaking.

By Mario ?etruzzel/i

This large number of people thathad been forced to emigrate by animpellent economic need presentedin general all the outward signs ofignorance and decadence. They ap-peared to Americans, at that time,as representing backward and de-generated countries,. Any diversityof habits was often considered asa sign of inferiority. One needonly go over sofire of the variouspublications of the time to under-stand the con.rmon feeling on thissubject.

JO break every social and culturalI relation with the old countries,to destroy every trace of life andtradition of the birth-places, ap-peared to be the most logical stepin that first attempt of American-ization. Historical, traditional, cul-tulal, social, and psychological ele-ments, which constitute the innerself and subconscious life of everyracial type were not properly con-sidered. The result of that firsteffort at Americanization appearedvery soon to be br-rt a rather thincoat of American varnish whichonly in a very few cases touchedthe character of the individual. Arlew type of American citizen wassoon developed in the second gen-eration of immigrants, a type whichhad undoubtedly acquired nerv so-cial habits, a material independence,and that unlimited ambition so char-acteristic of the American people.But, at the same time, this newt1."pe was lacking in that strengthof character ancl austerity of vir-tues of the first Americans. More-over, it r'vas ignorant of the tradi-tions of the great cultural artistic<levelopment typically European.

There evolved, in other r,vords, apeculiar social type that was nomore European, but certainly wasnc.rt tl.rat American citizen that theApostles of such a creecl of Amer-icar-rization hacl in mind to form..

At this stage a new current ofideas and principles hacl founcl its

way in the opnion of many. Amer-ica appeared to be the great "Melt-ing Pot" into which these variousnew groups had to throw their bestand out of which the nelv Americanhad to come. The old principle ofAmericanization aimed at the re-production of an American typervhich shouid be as like the oldtype of the Colonization period aspossible, rigid and pure in hishabits; only in this peculiar typemost people saw at that time theattainment of moral, religious, so-cial, and political perfeclion: astatic historical type was in othert-ords choserr as the pattern of thisnew social experiment. The sin-cere and faithful apostles of thiscreed, apparently, \'ere not awareof the fact that society by its verynature is not static but dynamic,that man)' uncontroliable f orceschange and firove onrvard. Thenerv principle of the "I'Ielting Pot"uas after al1 a better interpreta-tion and understanding oi the socialphenomenon rvhich rvas and still istaking place under our own eyestoday.

;\T the sam.e time other factors' 'were contributing to bring abouta change o{ opinion on this subject.

The hypothesis of the superiorityof the Nordic races was beingstronglv opposed and defeated withscientific and historical argumentsby the best scientists, who hadshown horv the most rapid pro-gress of the Northerir countries ofEurope was due mainly tci historicalcontingencies and economic factors,rather than to any biological orphysiological superiority of thosepeoples.

Then came the World War,which placed the American sicle byside rvith the French ancl Italiansoldier and was the occasion of agreater propaganda in favor of theLatin nations, making possible amore intense knorvledge and under-standing of these peoples.

t52

THE

-: -.'rr factors and a fer,v'r :: ilade many people in,: -::',' ;ealize more and more. :rge mass of immigrants

.: - ,. desirable artistic ancl. . t: '.-:tainments, and in the:. r:ss of Americanization the.,::1 historical and psycho-

- -.. .-eirents involved in the. .::- :: i.. ere properly considered.

_ ::', \-ery long ago Glenn," -.:-.. Jresident of the Universitv

.-- nsin, expressecl himself on--.iect: "J have long been--- .:ed by the perplexities that.-.:'. hrst-born generalion oi-- - r.::rrs _- I mean the first gen-'- - : ,:'f American-born chilclren

. .' ,= -::,,,pean-born immigrant par-

: -,ften they live in a kind of.--- zone between the land of

:.: : -::hers and the land of their

- -'.:--'i,,lrn children of European-" -- ::irr.nigrant parents often have: .-:: t11e stabilizing love of the. - :le of their fathers nor the

, - :-rz:ng love or insight of a,,..... knorvledge of the new

- -,e first generation of chilclren- .r:opean-born immigrants neecl

- " t all eclucation in the current. ..--:es of the lancl of their fathers

.-. . - :l the current realities in ttie.:', of their birth.l'

l_- - us now observr more closel..-. e -\rnerican-born lrov or girl

- -:alian parents. When r,ve come:. , ,'-ich in our classes rvith a clean,. , -. disciplined anil cliligent stu-..:,:. u-e discorier generally the fol-

'.':ns facts : the parents of this'.::r1 knorv Italian quite rvell and

.-..: a pretty good backgror-rnd of-,:-:an culture rvhich, in many-.::. the.v have imparted to their': 'lrerr. To a superficial observer.'.i. fact ntight appear as retal.ding'-:: process of Americanization, ii_

.:.ad. as we shail see later, it is a.r' important element r,vhich has: rrilruted €reatly to it. \Vlren u.c'..i,1er ir rsiea,l the urlrlisciplincd,'-tsh ancl negligent stuclenf conr-. - _

i.orn 1he sarre groul) \ve ar(,..',:ilr'ing, n'e find that the language:: ,lren at his hon-re is n surt of

,-,,nia1 vernacular macle of Amer_::.:r slang arrcl the clialect of their

:-.r.tive province, that little or no,:. ::rg is knou'n of the cr-rltural life- iheir homelancl.Tle stuclent of u,hom lr,e spol<e-:.. i-. acclL.raintec'l t,ith the langirarle' . riiLlr rhe 1,c.1 trr,liiiolrs o.-f i,i.

CITIZENSHIP VAI-UE Otr ITAI-IAN 15J

groups, and this procluces a stabiliz-ing effect in his mind. The otherstuclent instead is almost ashameclof his very family and his race, afldrn.hen in the midst of clifferent ra-cial groups he feels Llneasy and un-comfortable, and very often he be-comes a disciplinary problem in orrrschools. At this point, in order notto be misunderstood, I wish tostate parenthetically that no onerealizes firore than I that theseyollng people must become as fam-iliar as possible rvith the birth,growth and achievements of thisnation which is their "Patria," thatthey must acquire ancl understan<lthat r'vonderful patrimony of tradi-tions, history, science and literaturervhich is the very pillar of her truegreatness. It is with a feeling ofleal satisfaction that we see howr,vell this task is being accomplishedin our schoois ! But when this boyor girl of ltalian-born parents looksbehind to identify himself rvith thet1 pical grorrp frorn which he comes,the psyclrological crisis arises. Antlit is quite natural that it should beso.

WH EN our immigrarrt's son' ' looks back at his earlt- Iife toconsider his environment, his recol-lections in most cases are not veryencouraging. The best he .uttthink of is the sight of the EastSide of Ner,v York or of anv otherEastern city rvhere immigrants aremassed together. The rich sur-roundings of traclitions character-istic of his race do not exist forhim; he experiences a sort of spir-itual starvation from rvhich he triesto escape. Often he cannot under-stand his own parents' thoughtsand manners and this situation attimes becomes really tragic. He isno longer at home in his own fam-ily. That peaceful rrnited homelifewhich lve stil1 believe is the realfoundation of hapoiness and so-ciety is never experienced by manyof these youlrg people. At times,this peculiar psychological condi-tion is aggravated by the rathercold attitucle of the other betterg1'o1lps around him.

What has caused this r-rndesirableancl uniqr-re situation ?

The ansr,r'er is quite obvious: Thefirst generation of children born inAnrerica of Italian-born parentshave been entirely cut off from thel-reritage of their race; as indivi-clrrals, t1-re1' clo not ltnon' :urc1 f eelthat thel- :Lre the hcirs of a peoplet1'rat has given the rvorlcl tl're-great-ness of llon're ar-rcl tl-rat of the Ren-naissance, r,virose llrastcrs are sti11

the spirituai leaders and teachersthroughout the civiiized u.orlcl to-duy.

One of the most irnportant fac-tors that have greatly contributedto the material as well as to thecultural growth of the Anglo-Saxon group in this country -has

rrndoubtedly been the intellectualand spiritual guidance that thesegroups have enjoyed since the vervbeginning of their imrnigration.

The ltaliarr immigration in thiscountry is comparatively recent. Itb.egan aborrt the very beginning ofthrs century and was rnade of thepoorest classes, which saw in thisgreat land the only hope for theireconomic redemption. Artists, pro-fessional men, business men werevery selclom seen among the Italianimmigrants, who missed that spir-itual help rvhich had been very con-spicuously present among the othergroups that had come here fromthe northern countries of Europe.No rvonder, then, that the Am'er-ican-born children of these in-r-migrarrts ignored cverl rrrani iesta-tiorr o{ t he artistic, scienri lic andljterary life of the country of theirfathers and that in coniact withother more advanced racial groupsfelt, to a certain extent. hu-itiateaantl sorrreiimes ashamecl of theirown face.

$/tl all knorv rhar arr Americancrltzen, be he the direct heir

of the first pioneer or the son ofthe last imrnigrant, when he adclsto his intel ltctual equipnlent one ortoyg lodern languages, therebyu idening his crrlture. acquires idirect urrderstanding o{ miilions ofpeople with a rich cultrrral back-ground clifferent f rom his own.With this nerv equipment he candirectly penetrate and better in-terpret_ the very soul of those peo-ple and consequently very often be-comes a messenger of that interna-tional good-will lve have heard somuch about.

The teaching of the Italian lan-guage to the Anaerican vouth ofItalian extraction has a two-folcla_irrr and valrre: first, it gives rheml lruse. opportrrr it ies \ve have justmentionecl; seconcl, it re-attaihesthem to the best historical, artisticanrl crrltural trarlitions oi theirfathers, giving them a conscions-ness of the rich heritage of theirrace, an incli_spensable elementlvhich clistinguishes t1're civilizeclrrarr irorn ihc sar.tqe.

. Acqr-rainted t ith their pricelessintellcctnal patrimonv, t1i'ey tvill

(Contirrucd on Page I5g)

The Rcligion of LibcralismBy Qrancesco Qrilli

A S if to Prove, in fact, thatA the theiis which identifies

' \ i,lealir- and liberalism is a

strictly Personal Problem, therecomes to ,t., with a certain char-acteristic clearness and emphasis,at no time accustomed to dis-sociate Practice and exPerienceirom theiheory, the "storia d'Eu-rooa nei secoio decimonono." o[Benedetto Croce. (1)' The Per-sonality of the author and the im-portance of his work induces us'is it were, to treat oI them se-

parately.

After having PhilosoPlizedabout his'own cbuntrY (2) Crocetakes a leaP higher and under-takes to philosoPhize about Eu-rope in general, and the resultis that he has Produced a his-torical narrative of utmost impor-tance. For those who are notaware, it is well to note here inpassing, that Croce is an Italianbatrioi - but a Patriot who, ac-iording to Professor CarltonHayes, is "of the liberal, human-ita;ian, idealistic sort," and there-fore an avowed foe of jingoismand nationalistic strutting.

The "storia d'EuroPa" is suP'oosed to be Croce's crowning-point of his whole concePtion ofit-t" philosophy of historY: ofliberalism aJ the product of ideal-istic philosophY, and a Problemalread-v sketihed more or less inother tf the author's works, suchas in "Contrasti d'idea-li politiciin Europa" and in "AsPetti mo-rali della vita politica." It is a

sort of "liquidalion of the Past,"designed to regain for the authorthat peace of mind which the warand ihe events following uPon itharl somewhat disturbed. The

;rresent work comes to us, there-{ore, not as one of the manY

abrupt and sPoradic outPouringsso iharacteristic of the decadeafter the struggle, but as the re-

sult of years of Patient and sYs-

tematic review and meditation ofthe author's whole PhilosoPhicthinking.

ISIVEN, therefore, the bourgeoisv liberat predilections of the au-

thor, we cannot doubt the manifestsubiectivitv of the u'hole work. Wecannot irelp noticing that Croce

with his special brand of liberaiismis at the very centre of the "Sto-ria" and the whole of the nine-teenth century is turned about thatoivot and explained on the basis ofihat special

^ philosophy, rvhile all

the vaiious vicissitudes of that cen-

turv are made to revolve aroundthe" author's special religion-"thereligion of libertY."

Like the good hegelian that he

is. Croce can u'ell rePeat with themaster that the rvhole of universalhistory is nothing else but the dev-elopment of humanitY in its Pro-gress toward f reedom, and theirineteenth century, according toCroce, is supposed to be the nobleconsummation of that ideal, for"man was now no longer weigheddown by history nor did he regardhimself as an avenging force takinguD arms against her to rePel theoast as the evil remembrance of a'.lt-r; but instead. he contemplatedhimself in the historY of the worldas its true and indefatigable authoriust as he did of his own intimateiii". History, therefore. no longerappeared shorn of sPiritualitY orabandoned to blind forces or sus-

tained and rectified in its courseby alien forces; instead. it was themanifestation and the action of thespirit, and since the spirit is free,ii is the manifestation of liberty."And now "the hero who sPoke dir-

ectlv to the heart was the Poet-solciier, the intellectual who wouldfight and die for his ideas: a hero*'i.o *"t by no means a Productof the imagination nor of educa-tional paracligms, but a figure offlesh and blood, who aPPeared onthe fields of battle and on the bar-ricades in every Part of EuroPe.The 'missionaries' were now ac-

cornpanied by tlre 'crusaders' ofliberty."

lN fact all the philosoPhY and rel-t igion of modern times, accordingto eroce, is reflected and centred inthe idea of liberalism, and it is justthis tendency that gives so muchimportance to the historical develop-ment of the nineteenth century.The fusion in the period of theRestoration of speculative thoughtand of practical politics constitutesa certain historical development inthe very men of the time' Forinstance, there were in this Periodcertain gentle reminders from thepast: the "Glorious Revolution" of1688, so popular at this time thatone of the most representative menof the period, Guizot, undertook towrite iti history; the skeptical anti-clericalism and republicanisrn, of theeighteenth century; the aristocraticin"dividualism of the age of thegreat Encyclopaedia; the equalitar-ian humanitarianism of Rousseau;and the social and political inter-ests and aspirations of 1789;-a11these residues went in to make uP

the revolutionary and liberal tradi-tion which was to outlive the greatRevolution and NaPoleon, andwhich, when coming in contactwith the reactionary tendencies ofthe Restoration were to exPlode inthe July Days of 1830 into whathas often been termed bY some as

the last act of the drama of '89and the final triumPh of the bour-geoisie.

At that time too there was also

the influx, especially in France, andlater in Italy; of the idealistic philo-sophy and-the historiograPhY of

(l ) . Benedetto Croce: Storia1932, pp.366'

(2\ . Benedetto Croce: Stori,atrans. R. G. Collinwood,

d'Europa nel secolo decimonorc; Bari, Giuseppe Laterza'

d'ttalia dal l87l al l9l5; Bari, Gluseppe Laterza, 1927;New York, Oxford Press, 1929.

154

- r':r"-. as represented by Kant,'. : :. and Schelling, and by

- ,'. '.,,n f{iil1er, Niebuhr, and.-:.-,'. and especially the great' : - -: exercisecl by Hegel on

. . . ::::esentative m,en as Com--- . j,-'',rsin, Guinet, Michelet,

- - ..,:.: on Renan and Taine.'i-. under such influence' :: 'lerman thought, which-, :.-: heir of the Reformation

. , : Humanism, and which: .: -3Ck el/en to Rome and-::r: ?fld from Greece to the

. - -.'-j-opeans and to the re-:: rlrient in order to arrive,. r -. broader vier,v, at a knowl-

: .: -,i t1.re modern lvorlc1, gave'..:-er solid foundation to the

: -:.:itiye and historical edifice. .:f\'-

| '- neu' guide and directionr: (n 1o historical studies, and'- :. the impetus of librrty

: :.,'\\-here, alter they hacl be-. :-. somewhat sterile under the. -.: ,leonic despotism, is clue

:--::iaily to the influence exer-. :: ' by Gerrnlan thought. It,; unrler that inspiration that

-,,.5'.rstin Thierry published his:--:!iory of the Norman Con-:-.i of England" and later his

,::-r1 r1,1s "Lettres sur l,Histoire,. France," whiie about the samer:::e his younger brother Am6d6e,i rr-riting his "Histoire des Gau-

.' :. :'' that Thiers anrl Nlignet::,,duced their histories of the-Re--,.'rution, and Guizot his iectures: the origins of representative

i lernment and on the civilization: Europe ancl of France, as tvell

:.._his "History of the English Re-' _ lution"; that Quinet tianslate,l

- : qrrler's " Ph ilosophie der Ge-.;hichte',' and Michelet translatedl.-ico's "Scienza Nuova," and com-; rsed his essays on the philosophy-;i history; and Cousin, Villemain,;.1c1 Sainte-Beuve rvere producing:1reir eflorts in philosophic and-iterary history. In Italy too,i.,'1iere Sismondi's "Italian Repub-.ics" had been very widely readand keen attention had been paid tolhe warning contained in the con-clLrsion, Manzoni and Troya weresearching deeply in the history ofthe Lombards for the origins ofthe Italian people. In England,Hallam and Grote were undertak-rng their reconstructions of Englishand Creek history, and Macaular'u'as contributing his first essays tothe Edinburgh Revieu," Historybecanie the science of the early de-cades of the nineteenth century just

THtr RELIGION OF LI]3ERALISM

as Newtonian physics had been thescience of the first half of theeighteenth century, b:cause "onlyhe who hopes and r'vorks for thefutr,tre ever locks back rather cau-

Benedetto Croce

tious ancl zealous at the eclifice heis constructing, au''ate of his ownresponsibility, ancl only the father-land for rvhose wel lare we strir-ewith the anxiety of desire, is thetrue object of our reverence, and,therefore, \\'e seek in its historyits peculiar individualism and itshistorical 1ife."

THIS revivai is 1o be not iced aisoI in that rvarm human breath ofliberty which ran through all the"romantic" literature of the time,from Walter Scott to Victor Hugoancl from Siivio Peliico to Berchetand Manzoni, and which is symbol-ized so well at this time in the per-sonality of Bvron, "fiery declaimerand jovial tall;er, satiricrl and iron-ical polemic, at times inspired withrare sparks of poetry, but alwaysfrenziecl ancl biting against evervsort of tvranny: hater of Engiishconservatism, of priests, soldiers,and wars, in so far as they werenot rvars for freedom or soidiersu,ho were not of the type of Leo-nirlas and Washington."

That furious impetus for libertl'can also be seen in the descriptions

of byronic corsairs and adventurerswhich infest the literature of thatperiod-"men guilty of sins andcrimes, 'but men who for a cen-tury furnished the protagonists and

the heroes to dramas, novels,and poems: bandits of the 'Ro-bin Hood' type, murderers forthe sake of virtue, women whocry otlt at the top of theirvoices the rights of passion andwho break every marital tie,courtesans who are purified inthe fire of true love and whoknor,v hor'v to die for iove, buf-foons and jesters who all of asudden discover all the intimacyof their tragedy, genial and dis-sclute fellor,vs, ancl so on."

WIT.I l this came also a revalu-' ation oi the whole religioussentiment. There was a reactionagainst t1-re rationalistic skeptic-ism of the eighteenth centuryand the gross materialism of theFrench Revolution. There wasa universal horror at the blood-shed and wretchedness of theNapoleonic wars. It was theperiod of the Holy Alliance-when the precepts of the Chris-tian religion were to guide eventhe action of monarchs. Menturnecl to religion for consoia-tion for the great delusion. The

neo-Guelphism and the new ultra-nlontanism regarded Rome over theAlps with revivecl zeal and {ervorand the Church that had once abo -ished the Jesuits received them backinto its bosom with all the otherforms o{ the Restoration, but ec-clesiastical feudalism, the privilegesof the clergy, divine right, were allthings of the past, especially nowthat monarchs themselves were sub-ject to the "will of the people."The simplicity of the faith of suchmen as Chateaubriand, Peliico, andManzoni was certainly not the samefaith of the Jesuirs. Ch4[stianitywas seen by these men ai a flameof hope, relit in the midst of astruggle, which was to guide thecivil regeneration of peoples. Apurification tor,vard the simplicity ofthe religion ancl the f aith of theApostles was demanded,-an ef -fort to humanize religion, and anattempt was even made on the partof a zealous Catholic priest to allythe Church rvith liberalism andclemocracy. But while "Les Pa-roles d'un Crovant" enioyed widepopularity. Lamennais himself lvasto be rebrrlied ancl censured by thehead of his Church-a Churchwhich, with \'Ietternich, considerecl

155

156

liberalism and democracy to be thework of the devil.

PUT the consolation sought andIJ- denied in religion is lound, afterthe thirties, in another source. Theconditions created by the industrialrevolution and by the factory sYs-tem bring forth certain specificdemands. The social question nowcomes to the fore and the gosPelof socialism, utopian and somewhatnebular at first, holds forth. Forinstance, the interest taken on thepart of certain reiigious individualsat this time in regards to the socialquestion forces, for the first time,a certain approach (which such aman as Cavour hid judged inevit-able) of ultramontanism to social-ism, as reflected, for example, insuch men as Ozanam and Buchez;while at this same time, CharlesKingsley was introducing in theAnglican Chr-rrch the term "Chris-tian Socialism." It was the timewhen the intellectual thinking itselfr,vas reflecting the social problem.It was the time when George Sandlvas passing from the passionateoutpourings of unhappy liaisons to"Compagnons du Tour de France,"to "Consuelo," and to "Le Meunierd'Angibault;" when Balzac wasprojecting his elaborate "Comediehumaine;" r,vhen Eugene Suepoured out his "Mystdres deParis;" when Dickens was goingf rom "Oliver Twist" to "HardTimes," and the youthful and sen-timental Disraeli r'vas putting sideby side the struggle of the "twonations" in "Sybil;" when Mrs.Gaskell rvas narrating the strike ofManchester weavers irt "Mary Bar-ton," and Harriet Beecher Stowewas presenting the evils of slaveiife to an applaucling world in"Uncle Tom's Cabin," and whenpoets like Thomas Hood andElizabeth Barrett were singinghurnanitarian hymns and Carlylewas issuing his pamphlets. It wasjust about this time that AugusteComte coined the new word "socio-logy," that Qu6telet published his"Physique sociale," and w1-ren evena Bonaparte was moved to writea dissertation which he called "Ex-tinction du paup6rism." It wasthe time when communistic coloniesr'vere projected, the time of Cabet's"Icarie" and of ollf own BrookFarm, and when Rob:rt Owenseriotrsly experitrtenled at NewLanark. It rvas the time, too, ofthe Chartist movem'ent and the be-ginning of the systematic legisla-tion for the protection of the u'ork-ingman as r,e11 as for civil reform.

ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1933

In a w-ord, it was the social move-ment of a peopie which is to cul-minate in the proclamation of the"Communist Manifesto" in 1847with its cry: "Workers of theWorld Unite !" which was latergiven more serious and more scien-tific statement in "Das Kapital." Itis in this historical development ofthe years after 1830 that Croce seeswere finally laid "the real capitalbases of political action which arestiil alive in our day."

St{r tfele is another current' that is interwoven in the develop-ment of the nineteenth centurywhich gradually gains more andmore momentum until after 1848it breaks forth in all its strength-the nationalistic revolutions, es-pecially o[ Italy and of Germany.We should be rather grateful toCroce for having dedicated somevery inspired pages to the Risorgi-mento and for having presented itwith all its noble humanity, aspira-tions, and icleals of freedom. Forinstance, the contrast between theunification of Italy and the unifica-tion of Germany is drawn totallyin favor of the Italian, and thisimpartial point of vierv is especial-1y valuable r,vhen lve remember thatit comes from a man who has en-joyed so many huppy intellectualrelationships in the latter country."If the Italian Risorgimento hadbeen a masterpiece of the Europeanliberal spirit," he writes, "the uni-fication of Germany was the mas-terpiece of political artifice co,m-bined with military virtue: two mas-terpieces almost as different onefrom the other as a beautif.ul poemand a powerful machine. To thebismarckian creation as the expres-sion and the embodiment of powerthere need have been no justifica-tion-not even the juridical fictionof plebiscites, symbolical of aliberal vierv-point, but powerless,even as symbols, where the under-taking had been achieved, and wasintendecl to be continued essential-ly under the authority of princesand especially of the prince ofprinces-the King of Prussia, nowGerman Emperor."

DLJT the iact that Croce calls thc[J- period hetween 1870 and 1914''l'Eta' Liberale" is somewhat dis-concerting at first glance. Was theunification of Germany accom-plishecl by the liberal programhopecl for in '48 or rvas it broug'htabout by the force of a militaryregin-re anci as t'he supreme achier.e-rreirt oi a niinister rviro scorned

and abhored the ways of liberal-ism ? Hadn't the nations given upthe utopias of "Young EuroPe,"and even of the "Floly Alliance"as idle dreams, and were they notarming, during this period, to theirvery teeth one against the other,while the so-cailed liberal anddemocratic nations rvere seeking al-liances with despotic and autoc-ratic powers ? Weren't politicalparties based upon certain economictendencies and on the subjection ofcertain so-called "barbaric" peo-ples ? Poiitical bismarckism andindus,trial plutocracy were the ruleof the day and force was exalted,while socialism itself couid developonly within these conditions. Itwas the time of "the survival ofthe fittest" and of "the classstruggle" theories, and the worldstruggle. Culture in its own turrrhad become positivistic and natural-istic, the reflection of the wholematerialism of the epoch; and so-cial prestige now passed from thepeople r'vith ideas and ideals tothe business man, to the plutocrat,to the proletariat. "Where was thegreat phiiosophy and the historio-graphy of Europe after 1870?"Croce cries out. And we need onlyto glance at the literature of the1'ears just before and after the wal

-horv sensual, pessimistic, full ofthe sentiments of violence, to seehotv "inrpoverished, agitated, sad,cut off by high tariff walls; theliveiy international society whichgathered in the various capitals isdispersed, each people is occupiedlvith its peculiar ailment and by thefear of the worse, and thereforedistracted from the things of thespirit; extinguished, or nearly e5-tinguished, is the common life ofthought and specuiation of art, andof civilization" in this whole period.

YET, u'ith all this we find. that- "the religion of liberalism" pre-rrails as an undercurrent even inthese sad times-as the principlewhich sustains the r",'h:l: \istory ofthe period just outlined, and Croceobserves very well indeed when hesays that "the impossibility to can-ce1 or substitute in the minds ofthe people the colrcept of liberty asan ideal and guiding principle re-ceives curious confirmation whenrve think that even the first Napo-leon r,vas rvont to say at St. H616nethat he intendecl to bring to frui-tion iir France and in the r'vholeof Er-rrope the comirlete reign oiliberty; that the third Napoleonclesigned tl,is as the keystone of the

(Contrntted on, Page 777)

An Immigrant Fathcrtsy eAnt/tory &1. 'I'urano

f lT - I .\mericans are great re1

I irirrkers," said rnl- lather.

:_. ,.. .h. grocerYman of Little

- : coulcl have anticipatecl the:r,:--i.ilar of today in the year' :. ',i-hen I joined him in America

-- '- ,: age oi twelve, I shonld have.":-,:red. I,vithor-rt stopping to

.--::-ige the statement: "We11, so: .'.' ol(1 man."

, - . knowledge of America was''.:- -inrited to five years of rcsi-- --- in the ltalian colonlr of' - ' ,. Col., ivhere ire hacl iorrnd

.' :. - opportunity to study the..' :s of the natives,. He was so-,.-aiir- Italian, ancl harl lteen so--. influenced by the speecl.r anci:i 'nS of his acloptect countr)','.-: tea-clrinking r.vas his only A-::l.An gesture, his solitary mark, -\mericanization.li,,r-re the less, he had found an

.:. : :rtant place in the social scheme- l:rs immecliate environment. We. . 1 in the inclustrial section known

': lessemer, completely surroundld", Italian iaborers, except for a:. r,- iamilies of Negroes ancl-"rricans, scattered about hy rvay- racial contrast. The great steel

: -:.nt nearby announcecl its presence'','.th the cleafening noises of its:,,:st furnaces, the puf fs and clangs- its manv locomlotives, and the

-', -'uds of rust-colored smoke that. lscrred the sun.

In contrast to his glomy sr:rro-i--ndings was the cheerful persona-l:tl of my father. Utterly oblivious: -, er-ervthing except his work, he:ang or whistled a1l day long.

His age r'r'as somervhere betr,veen,,:,rn'-fir'e and fifty. But his healthl',r..:dc11' complexion, his clear brownt-,'es. and h'is vivacious manner gavehirn a much vounger appearance.He u'as strooth shaven except fori rle11-kept black moustache r,vith a.:real' of gre\r on one sicle of it.lle \vas short of stature, but.: ;ckilr' brrilt ancl strong. I had a

childish admiration f or both histireless industry and his jovial di-sposition. \\'ith incredible endur-ance he worked continuouslv from

Every so often the Italians in thiscogntry are reminded of the trag-edies that'have taken place amongthem through workings of the im-migration laws in the past. Divisionof families was one of the mostcofirjrnon of these tragedies. Thefollowing excerpts from an articlepublished in the October 1932 issueof "The American Mercury" (fromwhich special permission has beenobtained) constitute a. case his-tory oI the most poignant kind,yet typical withal of thousands ofothers.

Mr. Turano, a practicing lawyerin Reno, Nevada, wrote an articlefor "Atlantica" in its May 1931issue. He has contribute,{ beforeto the "Mercury," as well as the"Debunker" and other periodicals,and is the author of "Marriaseand Divorce" (L:ttle Blue BookNo. r461).

seven in the morning until ten oreleven in the evening. Having nohefu other than the little I gave him,he did everything that 'nvas to beclone in his various capacities ofowner, manager, butcher, deliveryboy, grocery c1erk, cook and house-keeper. He wieldecl a meat sar'v,scrubbecl floors, r'vaited on custo-mers, unpacked boxes, cooked mealsand qnarrelecl with teamsters.

WtTT an.. .llnglish vocalrularvthat rlirl not exceed fiftr-

mutiiated rvords, he managecl totransact ail his business with theAnglo-Americans. When his stockof merchanclise ran short he wouldtelephone to the r'vholesalers, givinghis orcler in a. jargon spoken lty noone else in the rvorld. With onefoot on the floor, ancl the other ona sack of potatoes, he hid his n.r,or,rth

in the transmitter of the wallphone,ancl laborecl ambitiously. Sl-routingat the top of his voice, he soughtto make up in sheer volume for the

imperfections of his pronunciation."A1o ! Alo ! Me, \fartino Tura-

no," he announced. After repeatinghis name several times, he statedhis neecls: "Senti me lvan hindiquort bif f (send me one hindquarter of beef), tenne ponti linkisossiggi (ten pounds of link satr-sage), to hemme (trvo hams), fiffrtyponti liffi lardo (fifty pounds o{leaf lard)," and so forth. Aftermany repetitions he brought hisconversation to a close with "goodclibyee."

It r'vas indeecl surprising that he\\ras ever unclerstood. But hisclealers, as the timre passed, learnedto grasp his extraorclinary English,ancl it u'as seldom that they macle amistake in his orders. If it happe-ned that a ne\,v clerk ansrvered tl-rephone, and mlr f ather f ailed tomake him unclerstand, he close<lpatiently with a different phrase:"Arriti, me come messelfa."

"Some of these cierks are tur-nips," he saicl in Italian. "The1'can't even understand their ownianguage."

In a ferv minutes he would har-ness his lazy balr pony to a squeakl'little wagon, and make a visit tothe wholesalers. Very soon he lrtasback again, read1, for his customers.

***tlut there was another topic tou which he also often retrrrned.The central fact o{ his life lvas on.eof those tragedies of im'migrationthat are seldom known to nativeAlericans. He belonged to an olcllancl-owning family of SouthernItaly that had been ruined by thepolitical turmoil of 1860 ancl 1870.Unable to endure poverty wherehis people hacl seen better days, heemigrated to America, intencling tosend for his wife and children asscon as he could. After five orsix 1.ears he attemptecl to carrv- outhis p1an. But the imrnigration larvswou1c1 not permit the landing ofmy yotlng brother,

"vho had been

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158

crippled by infantile paralysis. Mymother refused tq leave the boy onaccount of his dependency, but con-sented that her two older children,my older brother and myself ,

should join our father to take ad-vantage of the New World'r op-portunities. The result was adivided family, half in Italy andhalf in America, with small hopeof its ever being reunited.

For sometime after my arrival inColorado I felt uncomfortable anddiffrdent toward him. At the timeof his emigration I was barely sixyears o1d, and my faint child-imageof him had been completely erasedby the five years that had passeduntil I joined him in America. Inorder to win me over to him heplayed, romped and joked with meas if he were a child like myself.Frequently he paused in his work,to take me on his lap and listen tomy stories of the old home inItaly. Childish as they mmst havebeen, he prompted me to repeatthem time after time. They broughthim closer to my mother and thecrippled boy.

*t*

FOR the Anglo-Americans my' father had unbouncled esteem.T,o explain their greatness he hadhis own theory.

"The Americans," he wouldaften say, "are a great people forthe sirnple reason that they are aconglomeration of the best Eu-ropean races. With her immensenatural resources America is des-tined to do great things in thewor1d."

Then he woulcl point out, in en-raptured tones, the many evidencesof material progress in the NewWorld, and the courage of the Am-ericans in embarking upon theirstupendous undertakings. His fre-quent regret was that he had im-migrated too late in life, when hewas too old to mbster the new lan-guage.

"You children are to consideryourselves blessed," he often as-sured us, "because America is thePromised Land of young men."

Once he asked me to define theword pioneer, which he had foundin an Italian newspaper. Veryoften after that he took pride incalling himself a pioneer.

"The immigrant has a life ofhardships," he said. "Your school-books may not say so, but theselaborers around us are pioneers inthe true sense. I am a sort ofpioneer myself. My task is to clear

ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1933

a place in the wilderness so thatmy two children can grow up intouseful Americans, without the han-dicaps of inarticulate strangers."

- But we mttst nevet forget theland of our birth, where our nlotherstil1 lived.

"Ita|y," he said, "has been pro-perly named the Carden oI Europe,for her ancient culture and his-torical greatness. Throughout theages she has produced a profusionof ornamental flowers. But thescarcity o{ common provender hasbeen driving her children to Am-erica."

The New World would be hos-pitable to us, he thought, becauseof its debt to our great country-men, Colombo and Vespucci. Butwe must understand that Americadid not mean Little Italy, with itsslaving futility and its low level ofendeavor. We must leave this be-hind us also, master the new lan-guage, and get lost in the greaterAnglo-American world.

HOWEVER, his American ad-' 'mirations were not so universalthat he was incapable of taking afew heaithy exceptions to indivi-dual natives. Being a foreigner, hehad endured his share of intoler-ance from certain classes of them.Yet he had never developed thevaguest feeling of inferiority. Sincehis American acquaintances werelimited to the teamsters and sales-men from the wholesale houses, heknew that he was their superior.It was true that his academic ed-ucation had not been much, but hehad done a certain amount of read-ing, and he kept himself well in-formed through the Italian-lan-guage pfess.

"'These native fellows treat aninrlmigrant as if he belonged to aninferior race," he sometimes com-plained. "Yet I wish I could tellthem, in their own language, thatthe civilization of our people isabout two thousand years olderthan America." His racial dignitywas largely regional. When hespoke of Italy he was referring tohis birthplace, the hilltops of theCalabrian Apennines, where, asNorman Douglas observes, the purestock of the pre-Roman Bruttiansis still preserved.

In the course of his Personalorientation to the New World, hehad been forced to evolve a cate-gorical system of American excel-l-ence, which was just as original as

the English he spoke. His classifi-cation was at once aesthetic, cul-tural and zygomatic. To him, the

Americans were divided into twogreat ciasses : the ttoangia-golnlma(man-ja-gom-ma, literally gum-eaters), who were numerically thestronger party, and the fersomecolte or Persone gentili (persons ofculture and refinement), r,vho werethe masters and superiors of thefirst tribe.

*8*

Y father lost no time in b:com-ing a naturabzecl American.

He was certain that his new statuswould accomplish the great pur-pose of his life. A generous nationlike America could not refuse oneof her citizens the right to havehis wife and child with him. Hesent in his newly acquired paperswith another application. He tookup the matter with the immigra-tion authorities through an Italianpoliceman and other "persons ofprominence," using also the in-fluence of his wholesale dealers.

When his request was denied forthe second time, he was angry atthe stup'i,dagitte, the stupidity of thedecision. I{e was constantly argu-ing his case to his customers in thestore. It was true that Americaneeded able-bodied men to build herrailroads and mill her steel, andthat she had no use for cripPlesand dependents. But his case wasdifferent. How could America for-get common humanity in her bid-ding for the labor power of for-eigners ? Was he not an Americancifizen and a valuable economicunit in the industrial scheme ofthe community where he lived ?

Was he not able to suPPort hisfamily ? Certainly the law couldnot be intended for snch cases as

ours. Look at the terrible tragedYof it ! He loved America, andwanted to live here. Was thegreat countr)' of hope and freedomgoing to compel one of her goodcitizens to go abroad in order tolive with his wife and child? Itwas,absurd. inhuman!

Yet it was this irrational so u-tion that he was compelled to makea few years later, when he at lastlost all hope of a united famiiY inAmerica. Reluctantly, he sold thelittle grocery store, packed his be'longings, and prepared to returnpermanently to his native country.

His Italian customers came, ln-dividually and by families, to sayacldio and wish hin a safe r'olage.Some of them brought irrm fittlepresents. The older ones ex'ihanged kisses with him, in Italianfashion, on both cheeks, and theirchildren kissed his hand according

-: ,-- . For the teamsters and:::e only Americans he. ',-,:r. he had laboriouslv- ' :i|o ot three sentence's- ,.:'-:iiar English.

_ =_ 1x-ee," he said, shaking

. ." r:r -\merica, ma me gotta

., .:, - keed me no see longa

fi: . aC loved his daily life in. : :iocerv Store, Where he had

- r: _ ior nearly twenty years ;. - ,: ,,','as not easy for him to

: -: : .. deepest wound was in pari-: : :, n his two older bovs. In-:-.:rc€ to the paternal wish, my- .-:: and I had taken our places- '-. -\merican scene. In planning.: rareers and in directing our' :.:itn. he had foreseen the pro-,:,.:.,'that he must leave us.. r':,,'er much his heart prompted

" *. :- the contrary, he had clung': -:. idea of America as a land' '..,':ng men, and had consistent--r:.'d us toward his mysterious

, -- - i cultivated Ameriians. In- .-:orbing process of American---.,:r our consciousness of Italy, - :come nothing more than aJ : childhood memory. We

: r: toth in our early twenties,. - :le passing years were even- ::-. ng the sad image of the dark- . Calabrian mother lve had left. -- :: - t.

- l-:s the pitiful outcome of the,: :i..1 plan of his life was a re-. ,: r ,-rtion of his family, a division- . . hopeless than the first. For..-:lition to the geographical dis-' .- -= iirat r,vould separate him fron-r

: : ,1rs. there would be their fur-

AN IX,{N{IGRANT F'ATHER

ther gror,vth into a new civilizationthat tvould malte them strangers tothe traclitions of his native land.

On the day of his departure, inthe smoky little kitchen in the rearof the store, he gave us his finaladmonitions. The family ties ofCalabria have the primitive strengthof the patriarchal clan. His griefin parting from us was keen andbitter. Yet he was determined toremain true to his stoical attitude.He explained his decision in ferm,salmost purely intellectual, as if helvere apologizing for leaving.

"We are making the only reason-able solution," he said. "I helpedyou as much as I could when youneeded me, but now that you areable to do without me I am 1ea.r-ing you as hostages to the l\trewWorld. Naturalm.ente, I wouldhave been happier in America, see-ing my two boys move about asconfidently as native Americans.But it is my duty to go back. Intrying to be a good father I couldnot help being a wayward husband.Your mother has been waiting forme all these years and is entitledto the last part of my life."

f{E continued at great length wrth' ' bits ol advice about the dangersof life, and the necessity of per-sonai.dignity and good morals. Wemust strive honestly among theAmericans, r'vork diligently andcommand their respect. Yet wemust preserve ollr surname inits original spelling, and bringhonor to it by or"rr deeds. OurAmerican-born children millst l(nowthe origin of their parents. \'{aybesome cla1, r,e rvould te1l them thattheir grandfather had been a pio-

159

neer rvho had returned to Italy withhis American papers in his pocket.

"f knolv 1'ou beiong to America,"he said. "But your mother can'tsee )rou as you are, and r,vili neverunderstand rvhy I must returnalone." For a moment, I'ris voicehecame hoarse. He arose andpoured himself a glass of wine, andregained his composure by takingrefuge in his sardonic humor.

"Ebbene," he said with a laugh."I have always maintained that theEternal Father is a great comedian.He now ordains that I shall iive inthe exile of my native country.But after all, there is no arguingwith destiny. These are things thathappen only to the living. Thedead have a little the better of us."

At the railway station, while wewaited for his train, he gave everyoutward appearance of his habitualjolly humor. With one arm af-fectionately around my waist, andthe other on my brother's shoulder,he made a litle joke about fathersand sons of different nationalities.

"You Americans," he said, "havethe best railroads, but we Italiansare the best musicians."

IIe r,vas sti1l simulating amuse-ment at his own jest when heboarded the train and stood wavingat us frorn the rear platform. Asit dimrned into a dot on the horizonthe two "Americans" forgot thepruderies of the Italian. But theireffeminate tears, the weak attri-butes of religious old r,vomen, werea piti{ully inadequate tribute to thedefeatecl in-rmigrant, the jovial tea-clrinking Americano, rvho had donehis rvork and retired withoutgrumbling.

.:.ansmit it and contribute it to those::']ong whom they have chosen to-.re in America.

The spread of the Italian 1an-:uage and culture anxong American-iildren of Italian parentage and:::ong other grorrps will rrndoubt-= 1h' promote a better mutual un--,':standing between American cit-::rls of American ancestry and-1.:rerican citizens of Italian an---str1- and help to remove the gen--:al suspicion natural between na-:.,'es of different races. It wil help. .ro au,ay rvith much of the spiril- ;.rrogance, of national self suf-

THE CITIZENSHIP VALUE OF ITALIAN(Continttecl front Page 153)

ficiency and of the attitude of un-iriendliness resulting therefrom.

If great American authors suchas Longfellow, Lolvell, Norton andmany other distinguished ones be-came keen students of Italian, andpromoted and encouraged thespread o,f that language and litera-ture in the United States, howmuch more irnportant and necessaryit is for the sons of Italian parentsto follow the footsteps of thesegreat men and re-attach themselvesspiritually to that race, two thou-sand years old but ahvays young,

rvhich has given the world an un-broken chain of immortal men, likeCicero, Sailr-rst, Virgil, Dante, Pe-trarca, Da Vinci, Michelangelo,Raffaello, Columbus, Galileo, Volta,Croce, Marconi ?

Let us give the American youthof ltalian extraction that spiritualpatrimony of their race that mostof them would otherwise miss, andin turn they will bring to the civil-ization of this countrv not a weakand empty soul but the visible signsof a conscientious personality ofwhich America r,viil be proLrd.

The "Littlc Italy" of 1Bt0By Francesco Moncada

T HE sectiorr of New York in-I habited b1- the poorer ltalians' in 1850 was that of the "Five

Points," formed by the intersectionof what is now Worth, Park anclBaxter Streets, just about a stone'sthrow from Broadway. JuniusHenry Rrowne, an honest butsomewhat horrified Arnerican, de-scribes it as a monstrosity of inter-national notoriety. Yet the sec-tion was not one exclusively ltal-ian: it was inhabitated also bySpaniards, Turks, Negroes, and afeu' Germans, Frenchmen, Britonsand Irishmen. The latter composed(according to Browne) the gangsof nocturnal thieves that we hearabout today. The Itaiians weresimply the most numerous racialgroup. And since to most peoplefaults seem more interesting thanvirtues, the American newspapersof the time preferred to play upthe criminality of some "Mafiosi"and "Camorristi" of Porta Capua.na, rather than to extol the meritsof the sober, honest and even cul-tured ltalians, who, while theysuf fered over the misfortunes oftheir clistant home-land, wereworking assiduously for the ggeat-ness of the nation in which theyhad found hospitality.

The newspaper forms publicopinion. It is not to be wonderedat, therefore, that the good JuniusI{enry Browne, having passed bythere a few tirnes with his eyesveiled by so many sanguinaryimages and with his heart pound-ing with deliberated fear, shouldpicture as a t{oody enco,unter eventhe cries of some women upon be-holding a mouse, and as an assas-sin a man serenely opening hisknife to manicure his finger-nails.O{ course it would not do to con-ceal a truth: that in the F'ivePoints colony there were not lack-ing some turbulent elements. rNev-

ertheless, exaggerations and gen-eralizations we have had, and toomany of them.

fN thc majority werc the good' Ttalian workers, who, maltreatedby the arrogant lrish and findingno protection in the authorities,sometimes sought refuge withthose sad characters who had beenexpelled by the petty tyrants ofItaly, often willingly. Antagonismand prejudice against the Italians a-rose especially from the fact thatthe Italians were obiiged, as theNcgroes ancl the Portuguese areoften obliged today, to o{fer theirmanual labor at a lor,v wage. Un-intentionally they thus put them-selves in competition with thefrish, who r'vere already pou'erfulin New York because, havingcome to the country earlier and al-ready knowing the language, theyhad organized themseives and oc-cupied official positions.

This rivalry was not the onlycause of dissension. The Irishmanwas, and is, an eminently "poiiticalanimal," or, one might better say. apolitician. Therefo,re, those whoclid not vote his way simply had, tohis way of looking at it, no reasonat all for living. The Italian, ab-sent at that time even from themovement for political unity in hisnative countryn who had come toAmerica to make his fortune andthen return to his homeland, kepra1oof, like the Chinese, from thepolls. The "Societa' di San Calo-rio" or that of "San Gennaro,t' towhich he belonged, was the onlything that gave him some comfort.And then, too, he felt he could notfamiliarize himself r,vith "savages"r,'ho ate their spaghetti overdoneand without cheese, and put sugarinstead of oil in their salads, ancldid not indulge in bacchanals onSunclavs !

The Italian of that period wasnot becoming Americanized.

Another cause was the politico-religious question between the Popeand the' Italian patriots. The lrish,Catholic to the point of bigotry,saw in every Italian a bitter enemyo1: the Pope and of the CatholicChurch, and this increased the i11-

feeling.From time to time a note of

peace ancl {riendship canre fromthose who constituted the Amer-ican intellectual aristocracy.'ButIor the most part, it was the songof a bird lost in a whistiing wind.

AMONC the lorver classes the- - struggle u'as ljittcr and dif-ficult. Among the ,upper classes,meanrvhile, the elite of the Italiancolon1' $ras penetrating peacefullvrnto the cultural salons of the me-tropolis, among which there stoodout those of Henry Brevoort atthe corner of Fifth Avenue and9th Street, of Dr. John W. F'rancisat 1 Bond Street, of John JacobAstor in Long Island, and at whichthere gatherecl for discussions suchmen of letters as TrelawneY,Henry T,uckerman, Washington Ir-ving, Bancro,ft, Prescott, JamesFenimore Cooper, If rs. Piozzi;sttch poets as William CrrlienBryant, editor of the "New YorkEvening Post" at the time, Poe,Ifalleck (pupil of Lorenzo da Pon-te), Philip Hone, llenry Inman,Julia W. IJowe, I\{rs. E. F. Ellet,i\Iary Sedgwick; such artists asWeir and Allston; such dramatistsas Macready; such musicians asConti ; and such statesmen as\,Vebster, C1ay, Van Buten, Irvingand Paulding. As Brevoort, oP-pressed at the time by businessieverses, r,vrote to Washington Ir-ving in December ol 1842:

"I am surrounded by a family ofintelligence and love, such as falls

l(t'.)

THE

io the lot of few men, and fort'hich I am heartily grateful toGod." (2)

Italian culture had been repres-ented in those salons bv Lorenzor1a Ponte, loyal friencl a;d librettistoi Jlozart and the first professoroi the ltalian language and litera-tnre at Columbia University; andbr Piero Maroncelli up to 1846;anci this culture was promoted andspreacl by Brvant, Halleck, NIrs.Ellet, Mary Sedgwick and HenryT. Tuckerman.

Edgar A1lan Poe had written aportrait of Piero }faroncelli, andhe incltrded the martyr of Spilberganong the literati of America forhis translation into English of "Leliie Prigioni" by Silvio Pellico,'lone in collaboration r,r'ith Prof . An-drerv Norton of lfarvard, and fort-ris own poems, some of which\\'ere translated into English byl,Irs. Ellet and others by Halleci.:.

MRS Ellet also translated some' '- oi the tragedies of Maifei, of)iiccolini, the "Caio Gracco" ofllonti, the "Conte di Carmagnola"of Manzoni, the "Sepolcri" of Fo-scolo, some scenes fromr the "SaLll"of Alfieri, some poetry by FulvioTesti and Ippolito Pindemonte, anepigram by Saverio Bettinelli, au,.lshe wrote a tragedy of a Venetiancharacter: "Teresa Contarini," in-fiuenced by the rvork of the samenarle by Niccolini. Henry T.Tuckerman, furthermore, was acar,aiier in the cause of Itaiian in-cl.epenclence.

Translations and critical reviervsof an artistic-literary nature, which\rere frecluentiy real invectivesagainst foreigr-r tyranny in Italy (3)and defenses of the Italian uamein An-rerica appeared in the"Knickerbocker Mo'nthly Review,"(u'l-rich. l;ecause of having attractedthe best men of letters and Poetsof ther time, f ormed a literaryschool of its own), the "North-\merican Revierv," the "Metro-politan Magazine," the "UnitedStates Magazine and Democraticitevierv," the "New Mirror" an<lthe "Quarterlr. Revierv." Ancl tran-slations in Italian of poems antlarticles written in English, were, inturn, pr-rblished in the first ancl atthe time the only Italian newspaperirr Ner,v York: "L'Eco d'Italia," au'eekly first, then a bi-rn'eek1y, anrL

laier i claily-, for,rnded in 1849 andcliiected b1t an ardent Roman, Sec-chi c1e Casali, a political exile and

ITALIANS IN NEW Y ORK IN

a contributor to several Americanmagazines.

in 1U50, besicles Secchi de Casa-li, there were, in Nel,v York, asthe greatest exponents of the Ital-an name and culture, Felice Foresti(who had succeeded Lorenzo claPonte in the chair of Italian lan-guage and literature at ColumbiaUniversity) ; Luigi Chitti, a pro-scribed Neapotritan, trvice conclemn-

In the East Side

-Fron a lithogrdPl: h1 Gurge Eelhus

ec1 to cleath {or r'r,ilfrtl clefian"e, n.anof letters, scientist and econornist,llho had had as friends Cavour.Cobclen ancl Sir Roltert Peel arrdr.vho had been a professor in theUniversity of Madricl and Brussels,a bank president, Secretary of Fin-ance in Naples in 1821, ancl hadbeen decorated by SPain and otherna"lions ; Professor Vincenzo Botta,fomerly a deputy in the SubaiPinePlirliament; Professor Luciani andthe Attorney Gaiani, both formeriymembers of the Roman AssemblY.No less cultured and active r,vere

General Giuseppe Avezzana, con'dcmnecl to death at Turin ior hispart in, the revolution of 1821, andivliniste. of War in the glor:iousRoman Republic; Quirico FiloPan-ti' formerly secretar)r of the Trium-virate of the Roman Republic;Cav. Lucca Palmi:ri. Consul of thetrvo Sicilies; Ferdinando Massa,condemned to death at Naples in1821 as a "Carbonaro"; GiovanniA1binola, a f ormer political Pri-soner at Gradisca; Sebastiano Da-corsi, Vice-Consul of the twoSicilies; Giuseppe Attineili, con-clemned to death by the Eottr:bonGor,ernment for his part in the i:e-

bellion in Sicily in 1821; CountAlessanclro Bargnani, a Political

1850 161

exile because of the movement inSicily in 1848, and Argenti, Gon-saivi and llloschetti.

To this elect group of scholarsancl patriots there were added thepainter X{ontelilla, the celebraterlclorvn I)e Begnis, for whom Ross-ini had r'vritten several roles, theBolognese violinist Michele Rapet-ti, at that time the "ne plus uitra"of orchestra conductors, Dr. N{as-nata of Genoa, the two celebratedmrsicians Arditi and Bottesini, anclmanv others.

Attorney Luigi Tinelli, condemn-ed to death by Austria on Septem-ber 29. 183.5 and afterwarcl exiled,who had then become prominent inNerv York business circles by thepublication of a valuable book onlhe silk incl'sury ar.rl bv his organ-iz.ation of an admirable factory,had, in 1841, been appointed Unit-ed States Consul at Oporto, iuPortugal. where he remainecl elevenyears ancl rvhere he was present atthe cleath of the exiled King, CarloAlberto.

Count Confalonieri and PcterRorsieri were re-patriated, the lat-ter in Septemb,er. 1837, and thelformer in 1840. There still existedthe first "Socr'et). Italiana di Lrnio-ne Fratellanza e Beneficenz:a,tfounded on January 20, 18.i9 byPiero Maroncelli, Felice ]ioresti,Car'. Palmieri and Attorney Tinel-1i with the purpose, in the rvoi'dso,f Maroncelli, "of helping all ourcountrymen who, thlo'ugh accidentancl misfortune, have been reduc-ed to'poverty." In the constitutiono{ the Society, composed of fourchapters ancl thirty-ss1'sn articles,theie was mention also of subsidiesin fooc1, lodging, Pharmaceuticalsupplies, medicai assistance, moneygrints and an elementary Italianichoof in which there later ta,ugh!Maroncelli, Foresti, Tinelli andCount Bargnani.

M 9tl" il'l ill;?"Jf ";,,f"*Jl;itself. It was organized bY theNlarchese Ode A. Sant'Angelo de

-\ttellis. a Neapolitan, formerlY ageneral in Napoleon's army. after-rrar,l in that of Murat, and then,a.1so as a general, in the SPanishArmy from 1821 to 7822, con'cle,mnecl to death as a "Carborraro,"once by the French Council ofWar in l\{ilan and trn'ice bY the in-vestigating tribunals of NaPles.

T1-re "Guardia ltaliana" was com-posed of sixty members, armerl

lCantinaed on Paqe 176)

Pocm of Prudcncc

T BUDAPESI'once I founda taxicab driver rvho spokeLatin. Naturaliv I tried to

use him all the time: for no mat-ter how poor my knorvledge ofLatin, it is at any rate easier forme than the Hungarian.

This favored driver of mine hadalso other singular quaiities. Hewas reserved to the point of tim-idity. He could not swear in anylanguage; therefore he never be-came angry at other drivers ofpublic or private vehicles: in con-troversial matters he r'vould stopand try to reason the quescionquietlv rvith them according tothe rules of logic. For, togetherwith an extreme caution, he hada perfect knorvledge of all regula-tions concerning traffrc, and anexemplary scrupulousness in theobservance of them.

When I rvas in a hurry (and ingeneral r'vhen one takes a taxi oneis in a hurry) those qualities ofhis sometimes turned out to beinconvenient. At every cornerthe good Ferencz (that was hisname) rvould slor,v dorvn andblorv his horn; and if he heardanother horn being blown else-u'here, he u'ould stop altogether,nor w:rs there any way of makinghirrr go ahead until the other l-radpassed: he nraintained that it wasthus prescribed by the traffrc re-guiations. Sometimes I l".ouldhave preferred the clanger of apossible collision, but where couldI find another driver r,r'hcr couldteli me in La.tin the complicatedmeaning of the taxicab rneter?

tatOne bright rlay I was guing

back to ltaly: Ferencz came tothe hotel to take me to the sta-tion. Fortunately I had sent mybags ahead. I r,vas to leave by theSouth Station and we were pro-ceeding, if I am not mistaken,along Krizstina Korut. We hadgone about halfr,vay to the stationrvhen, nearing the corner which

A Short Story

By Massimo tsontempelli

that street makes with, I think,Miko utzca, my Ferencz, as usual,siowecl down and blew his horn.Then he slowed dow-n still more,

The author of ,the short storyherein translated into English, Mas-sirno Bontempelli, is one ol thebest-known modern Italian writersof a popular nature. Originally ateacher who edited classics in themanner of professors, his shortstories met with such success thathe gave up teaching to enter iour-nalism, a{ter which he devoted him-self to writing fiction. Born inComo in 1878, he is now a memberof the Italian Academy and one ofhis peculiarities is that he has re-jected all his early works, and doesnot allow any of them to be re-printed. Of his novels, probablyhis most popular is "Il figlio di duemadri," while "La donna dei mieisogni," from which the followingstory is translated, is one of hisbest volumes.of short stories, illu-strating his humorous vein.

and finallv stopped altogether. Ilooked out. and I heard in factsomeone elsel another autornobiie,blov''ing a horn from the directionof X4iko utzca. I resigned myselfto u'aiting for the other machine,stil1 inr-isible, to decide to pass.It did not pass. Ferencz blew hishorn. And the other, still invis-ible, bleu his horn in rep1y. Cer-tainly the other'feliorv also mustharre been a maniac for rules" forhe also -nvas stancling sti1l. Fer-encz's horn gave out a lower andsomeu'ha.t cracked sound, whilethat of the inr.isible one a higherand resorrn,lirrg note.

After a couple o{ minutes, inorder not to lo,se my train, I lostm1. patience, got off, banged thecloor, and, sr'vearing in Ttalian. Ihurried to the station through across street.

While f rvas running in thismanner, there reachecl me regu-larly, and at every step of mine aiittle rveaker, the trvo voices ofthe auto horns replying to each

other: the cracked one of Ferencz,and the more acute one of thestranger.

In the train I found a good seat.

a**| \VAS settling Inyself for theI ricle. antl the train was aboutto move, when the door oPenedtumultuously and I saw comingin a big valise, follon''ed by a ialland florid man rvho greeted mewith jol'fr"rl surPrise :

"Oh, are you leaving too?""You too, l{unkacsy ?""I'm going to Rome.""So am I !"Munkacsy closed the door, and

the train started. He was a lik-able, jovial \[agyar merchant,whom two or three times I hadmet in some of the rustic restau-rants that flourish in the moreobscure sections of Buda.

"It's rea11y a miracle," he said,as the train was emerging tromthe shadour of the station, "reallya nriracle that I'm here. I almostrnissed this train, because of anidiot of a cab driver who, at acertain moment, balked andr'vou1c1 not go any more: I hadto make the last part of the tripon foot."

"Oh," I said, in a sudden flash,you were coming along Mikorutzca !"

"Yes," he replied, surprised."And the drir.er," I continued,

"stoppecl at the corner of Krizs-tina l{orut."

"Horv clo 1.ou knorv that?"I burst out laughing, and for *

f er,r' rrinrrtes I cou1c1 not reply.\Iy friend rvaitecl a motnent, thenhe also began laughing. WhenI stopped, he stopped too, andsaid:

"I laughed to keep you com-pany, but nor,v tell me why we'relaughing."

I recounted my (that is, our)adventure : then w'e began allover again, and he, with hislaugh, made the windorvs of the

162

F'rrl'tr{h sbake. Then he rose, tookn hmttre out of his valise, andgn"mclaimed:

*1\-e must drink to the healtl,od' qnmr two ultra-scrupulous driv-1tlrrf- Here is some 'sangue di"lll,omry'th:t I bought this m"orningrffi ufi,e'P-tzzicagnolo politicante'@ma.urant."*F"triem }lagiarorszag!" I ex-rtl*irrred-*\-iva I'Italia !" replied theffimngarian.

The train was runnillg straighr$qqC. in the melancholy pliinffiml[ of the mists of the Danubemd the dusk.

-To think," I observed, "thatus"e are almost at Kelenfrild. and'mr chauffeurs are probably stillblon-ing their horns at each otherat the corner of Krizstina Korut !"

And it seemed to fr€, as I$nc&ed out the window, thatacross the gray space there cameM us, alternating a.nd weak, run-mrng behind the train like echo,es.the lorv voice of Ferencz's hornamd the shrill note of that of Mun-hacsl-'s driver.

.:.**fHE trip from Buclapest to Rome

brought us-Munkacsy andme-from the stage of courteousacquaintance to that of provenfriendship. At Budapest we usedtle formal "lei" in addressingeach other, at Postumia it was thEmore relaxed "voi," and at Bolo-grra it rn'as the familiar "tu." Wewere allies in the struggle of thetraveler who has a good seatagainst those rvho have none. Wesurmounted together, at the cus-toms-houses of Ko,toriba and Ra-kek, the obstacles that Slovenediffidence imposes on travelerspassing through. These thingsbring people closer together thanmany years of habits. Together,a{ter two nights and a day of in-timacy, we reached Rome, ourcommon goal. A few minutes be-fore arriving, in the morning, inthe Eternal City, I suddenly riradea sign for him to be quiet, andput my ear near the window.Then, reassured, I told him:

POE]I OF PRL;DENCE

"I don't hear our chauffeurs'horns any more. I guess by nowthey've made up their minds, andreturned to their respectivehomes."

"I'rn not so sure," replied Mun-kacsy, "We11, here's the Cupola."

r**In Rome, the good Magyar in-

sisted that we see each t rhersoon ancl often, and he acquaintedme with all his affairs : in fact hcinvited me to take part with himin a certain commercial under-taking, the nature of which neednot be revealed here. Suffice it tosay that it succeeded very hap-pily, and soon the money beganto roll in. Then it was that I be-came a millionaire. Just about ayear after our gay return toRome, our net incomes were inthe neighborhood of two million.When Munkacsy came to bringme my million, I told him:

"Thanks, old man."Then I added:"We must celebrate this suc-

cess by drinking a bottle to-gether."

"Mrhere ?""I suggest the'Pizzicagnolo po-

liticante.' where we'll find thatSangue cli 1'oro' of our first meet-ing a year ago."

"Excellent idea. When doesthe next train leave for Buda-pest ?"

"At eight."It was six o'clock; two hours

later we left for Budapest, andforty hours after, we got off at theSouth Station, which is the near-est to the "Pizzicagnolo politi-cante." Since there were no ve-hicles (perhaps a strike was on)r.ve set out on foot for the cele-brated restaurant.

*at

WE .were rvalking, silent butabsorbed in fervid and fra-

ternal thoughts, when suddenlysomething made me slow downmy steps: a memory, it seemed toffi€, a vague and unexpected

163

melnory, like those that are fre-quent with people r,vho return toa place after a long absence, andtogether with the memory the de-sire to define it. F'or this reasonI slowed do$'n, and imrnediatelyafter tl-rat stopped, for already itwas not a memory any longer. Iraised my hand to impose silenceon Munkacsy, and together welistened intently. It was thatsound, yes, that cracked sound otan automobile horn, the sound ofF'erencz, and after an instant theother, more acute: and the firstagain, and then again the other.Now, without saying a word, welrad resumed our pace, morehurriedly. toward those spectralsouncls, which at every step otours were clearer and stronger.We came otlt on Krizstina Korut,and there was the automobile, it-self, Ferencz's automobile, andat the u'heel Ferencz, Ferenczhimself, a little older, but unmis-takably himself. His left hand1{/as or1 the lvheel, and with hisright he rvas sounding his horn.

We ran around the corner, andthere was the other one, the oneI had never seen, and he was re-plying.

"NIy driver !" said Munkacsy.-{s though by a tacit under-

standing we Quietly withdrew,almost hiding ourselves, and se-cretly rve made off. Followed bythe two sollnds, which becameweaker, we made our way,through the intricacies of Buda,ti11 we reached the celebratedrestaurant.

There Laczi XXXVI, king ofthe Tzigani, was playing. The"Sangue cli Toro" was excellent.l'he rnorning after rve went totake the train elsern'here, at an-other station. After some monthsMunkacsy went arvay from Romeand I have never heard anythingmore o{ him. And I have neveragain returned to Budapest: so Ido not know if Ferencz and hiscolleague are stil1 at that cornerbiowing their horns, and answer-ing them, and rvaiting, each one,for the other to pass first.

Two fot f ir.cHE elevated road of the Cul-ver line runs from park Row

_in ]Ianhattan to Coney Is-

tsy Qiuseppc Oautela

on duty" is hung at the foot of the1tag.ryay oI the station on Avenue5. I hls means that passengers donot have to go hunting for-nickels!n order to use th; turnstile.Something of old Brooklyn hans;on this station. You aie tran"s_ported fifty years back as you seehanging_ on wooden bars smoky,oil.burning signal Iamps used bftrain crews. After the thunderand noise of the subwav thesight has a soothing effect onyour nerves. You breathe free airas you look over the top of theh.ouses. And if you are an earlyrrser you may -enjoy seeing thesun comrng up from the east likea

_ hrrge orange colored lantern.'l he trains oi the Culver line are

made up of .wooden cars. Onlythe first and last cars are re-in-_forced with band-like steel platesalong the bottom. Ho# thesplinters would fly tn a crash youcan only imagine. .As the tiainpuils out, stops shorr, or roundsclrrves, you have the sensation ofbeing pulled and wheeled abouiin an. old, dry-as-dust chair, suchare the squeaks and cracklines.The motormen and the crews Jremostly Irish, with a sprinkling oiItalians. They are rvell manier-ed; they go about their work witha sense of leisure, and are kindenough to hold the gate open ifyou happen to be late ancl iun tocatch the train. In the morning ashuttle train runs from Coney is_land to Kings Highway. Here weassrst at the maneuver of hitch_ing the rest of ther cars to it. Astarter wih spats on and a watch_fob dangling from his rvaiststands with feet apart rvatchirrgthe men down between the cars-.The shuttle train slor,,,ly aclvances,there is a push, the clutch .rr"pr,the train shak_es from end to end,after which all is still. ,,Okay,okay" cry out the men who climbup from the track, and the gates

are thrown open. Some cars haveside .seats ; these do not pleasecertain passengers. They walktwo, three cars until they c-ome toa car which has front seats. Someprefer a seat next to the wiridow,rvhere they can rest their elbowion the window sill and when tiredof reading, go to sleep, for thejourney is forty-five minutes toPark Row.

The passengers look, act andtalk differently than the usualsubway crorvd. They seem toknow the train guards, and if theymiss a train thiy know at whattime the next triin will start. Itseems miles and miles from NewYork: not Brooklyn, but a remotevillage on one of the roads that!_ring9 in commuters from Jersey.Yet, four blocks away is the sub-way rvhere people r,vill knock youdorvn - (no exaggeration) andtrample you underfoot for a seat,be 1.ou man or woman, young oroid. In no place more than thesub.,vay is the 1aw of the survivalof the fittest applied. So the anti-quated and slow elevated road af:.fords a way oI escape, of libera-tion, after the infernb of the sub-way.

l?na.. The Kings Highway sta-tion in Brooklyn is known io thechildren of the neighoborhood asthe "two-Ior-five', station. At theAvenue S entrance to the stationa cumbersome barrel-like turn_stile with iron teeth, which lookslike an instrument of torture, dur-ing slow hours takes the place ofthe age-nt. It admits ihe pas-senser into the station after- he.having dropped a nickel in theslot, hears a report like that of atoy gun. It is the signal to pushthe iron teeth which-slowly giveway and then with a thud cometo a sudden stop. The first timethe experience is not so pleasant.As you get caught between thetron teeth there comes a feelingto ye1l for help, which gives wa!to_ a sigh of relief as soon as you,a bit bewildered, find yourseli in-side the station._ During the bathing season chil-dren prefer to use the Avenue Sstation to go down to the Island.It is but a ride of ten minutes.The preference is explained by thefact that two slender persons canfit between the bars of the turrr-stile. thereby saving a nickel. Onemorning. two fat girls tried thetrick. It would havJbeen all righthad they not missed step. H;lfwgf_ lhe.turnstile stopped. Theytried hard to push thiir way oui.The turnstile stuck fasr; they gotscared and began to.cry for-he"lp.

Jt rvas a terrlble puniihment fora nickel. While they cried, theirfriends ortside laugired. Finallyalter an hour of *o.k. they *erereleased by the rvrecking irerv.

II.

AT I'IRSJ you are a tittle,dis-turberl by the daylight. The

type on the newspaper comes toyou nearer and clearer, and theS199m of the tunnel comes to yourwith distinct horror. ]Iou "readand yet your attention is not onthe. newspap.er. Finally you beginto look outside the r,vindow u. Th"train starts. This road goesthrough the Gravesencl seciion,one of the oldest sections oiBrooklyn, and the race rrack bear-ing_its name was cut up into lotsand sold only a few years ago.Some old houses, quaint, ro*i.-

JHE crowded subway has drivenmanv passengers to

Culr'er elevated line.. In the early morning

sign rvith the- inscriptiJn

use the

hours a"Agent

164

T\\iO trOR FI\I]I 165

mind: "Abanclon ai1 hope Jre urhoenter here." In this fair, richglorious land, there cannot bemore miserable, dilapidated, clis-ma1 lvooden frame houses in-habitecl by human beings as arehere by poor negroes. The noiseof the train does not disturb thequiet, easy-going, ambling liie otthis section. In the early hours ofthe morning men lean and chaton \vooclen stoops of the housesin Fleet Street. There is an enr.i-ablv careless air about even.tlring.The houses seem not to care l,vholooks at thern and also the people.l['ime has scraped ar,vay the paintfrom tl-re lvalls, and the boardslrar e a color rvhiclr is not gr-ay.nor rvhite or black, but a composi-tion of clirt ancl all the elementsthat go to make the color of a de-cayed house. The peopie move inand out silent1y, r,vith a divine in-difference to their surroundings.A group of men in {ront of ahouse zLrgue u.ith spiritless, rveakgestllr('s: all r ilility scelts to havelcft tlrerrr. \ot so a lrerltlrr, ficr.ynegress r,vho looks at them withccintemDt from beneatl-r a stair-\yay. The train has stoppecl atthe ccr'rner of a short blocL-rvl-rcreiife appears stagnant. A strong-looking negro in overalls and pai-ent leather shoes is talking andsmiling to a clean looking negress,1resse,1 irr Lrlrre ginglram. After arvhile they separale and guarding-1y rvalk ar\ra.y. In a house just fac-ing the tlain, a l,vindorv is proppeclrrp u'ith a sqLlare hand mirror.It has a white painted frame rvithdirty finger spots. A strange fasc-ination holds my attention, and inspite of myself I look inside. Atable covered ."vith a frayed oil-cloth and a chair without back arethe only objects I see. The walls\\rere painted dark green, thelarge boarcls of the floor are ofan indefinable color. In the nextframe house a littie black handraises a shade and rvithdrar,vs itquickly. The train slowly goesalong until it reaches the rustyred old brick building of a church.The rvindorvs are shut tight andare covered rvith dust; so is thedoor. Religion seems to have beenburied. The place seems abandon-ed by God and men.

EROIt tlrc quiet and healthvt aur,'nt''rn,.lings ol the srrl ,rrrhs

to a decayed section of the citl'is the startling contrast oi a halfhour ride on the eler.'ated road.Coming out of the subn'ay and

ffirr*.:lbr

The Philosophers

:,\ shutters and architectur-. . -. surrounded by large tracts

..: - and o1d, melancholic trees: . -.' 'e1 of other davs rvhen the'

. - ireer and the tranquillity.. - location not disturbed by

- '-'.rr-the-c1um-the-clum o{ thc: ,..ed train. Alongside of them

-. .. ancl stucco houses give you, -.-:-.. and as the train runs on': :ee1 better.. . -: Tt-enty-Seconcl Avenue a- .:si.r cemetery comes into view.'. .:--i through it, the street runs-= ;- boulevard, and on the right

:.--e station there is the athletic'. - of the Erasmus Hal1 High: - -,,:1. Ror,r's of tombstones

. :.e the field track. The dead- ::'. -,i'ith the living. The cemetery,. :--r the train, seems crorvded.

..' tombstones stand close to--.:-:er and they remind one of. ::re dead Ghettc,. The tomb-: :es are mostly black, the real. al of mourning unto death. At' .rrrtr--sixth street there is Cal-

:-.1- cemetery. It is full of tall.:=es. and from far atrray looks... a beautiful park. The train

. ::res right close to it; here the: :rbstones are gray and u'hite,.:.ih is not so grim here. In

r ltrast to the Jer,r'ish cemetery: ,ieems a light thing. There the.:- is heavy rvith something tradi-,: :ra1, deep lvith lvisdom. Here. :.rb1e angels seem about to {lut-.:: ancl soar torvards a more ideal-. --c hemisphere. Hi1ls unoc-:,:::'ied by the dead yet are cov-...,1 rvith beautiful green grass,. .r rvl.rile death seems to sleep

Fran tte fdint;ng b1 Mnheh Falanga

under those rvl-rite . tombstones,the eye rests on the green grassand lvashes itself into a sma1llake surrounded by plaintive trees.To the left of the road there isthe trementlous activity of theBush Terminal. The box-likebuildings have nothing ornamen-tal but the rvindows, all brightwith electric iight. \\rireless an-tennae stretcl-r their r,vires f romloo{ to roof, and as the train slorv-ly pulls out, through the sidestreets you get a view of the bayand the boats anchorecl in mid-stream. On rainy monrings thereis smoke everylvhsls. It hangs ontl-re air like leacl. Nothing moreclismal can be imagined than theold, rusty, brick tenement housesof Brooklyn. Here the trainmakes a spurt of speed down toAtlantic Avenue; most of the pas-sengers go to sleep.

II I.

The station at Atlantic andFourth Avenue is in the center ofdor,vntown Brooklyn. Subwaysand elevated roads rneet here andsuch is the rush that people seemcaught by a flying r'vheei, withelevator-1ike stops dischargingpassengers up and dolvn levels.Hele is rvhere Brooklyn is alsotrying to catch up to Ner'v York.Ser.eral tor,vers rise rvith menac-ilre' :iititucles n.hic1.r seenr to takeoff a bit of that sleepy atmosphereof the rvhole city. But as the trainsw'ings into '\dams Street, only acor-rpie of blocks 211,21., 6nc's heartsinks. I)ante's line comes to the

166

caught in the hurry and push ofthe morning rush you have .notime to realize any change.

Ancl if you are-accustomed tothe roar and rumble of the sub-way you u'ill be surprised and as-tonished that the clang o{ the el-evated should disturb vou. You'will realize how all the putrefac-tion of city life will be wafted upto you by the sweeper down thestreet, and also horv the staleoclors of re{use ptlt ollt i. c,tnsblend in one peculiar smell as ifcoming out of a chemical labor-atory. At certain corners as thetrain slorvly rounds a curve thesmell of fresh coffee from a res-taurant stea.ls up and into the car.It is surprising to see how at suchan early hour so many peopleshould be up and eating break-fast. The number of womenequals the number of men. At theentrance to the bridge and theiast stop in Bro,oklyn more thanhalf of the passengers get out.What a few years ago used to be1he chief means of tiansportationto Neri' York lras ceasecl to be.Five cents extra and ten minutesmore to Times Sqrrare are themaln reasons. The educationalcampaign of the I.R.T. convincesfew people to take to the elevatedroads. The New Yorker is so ac-customed to riding in the subwaythat to him itislike beingin a fc_,oi-bali game. The habit l,.,is becomea part,of his daily struggle. Hewould miss it. To him the tre-mendous speed of the subr,vay ex-press is tire chief characteristic ofhis age. The road is so uncannyin its preciseness that rvhei-r tt-rertis a rare, delay he stops to won-der what can be the matter. Thelvonder rea1ly is how the thingreally roars on without stop, howthere is never a minute of quietand of r,vhat fibre are the Arner-ican people made of. So it is clearin a way- that he should look atthe elevated road with its quaintchalet-like stations with indiffer-ence. Manners, self-respect andpromiscuous contact of the most

ATLANTiCA, JANUARY, 1933

indecent description are of no ac-count. What is wanted, it seems,is noise, foul air'and speed.

BROOKLYN Bridge still is rhcmost beautiful bridge. Com_

pared with modern niethods orlighting, the entrance to it isgioomy and sad, but it has a tra_dition.that you cannot overiook,a dignity that is compellng in itsamphitheatre-like entrance. andas the train stops and you see itsnrany comfortable exits vou in_stinctively take your time andleisurely rvalk out. lt is due notvlor a rebirth, for along SouthStreet_ they are buildin[ apart-ment hotels r.vhich rn'iIl commanda vierv of the East River, the bay,Staten Island, South rrooklynand the ocean, and r.r'hen at nigirtall the tall buildings downtownare lighted, the people hvingthere rvill have a feeling of beingin some enchanted land of theirdreams. The skyscraper, after all,quite unexpectedly has broughta perspective that is artisticallyoriginal, and out of its light anishadow a new poetry that singsthe restless and eager spirit of.modern 1ife.

The bridge sways on its mightycables. The East River swiftlyruns underneath. Its gray-bluewater carries patches of oil, ancllighters rvith freight cars seem toclrift down stream rvith their tug-boat hitched between them. Thesmell of coai gas from a steameris blorvn in by a strong breezefrom the bay anrl Cor ernor's Is-lancl looks as if it is about to becarried down the bay by thestrong ticle.

The rvind has blolvn the heavygray cloucls arvay, and thousandsof rvindou's of down-town \jervYork skyscrapers reflect t1-rebright sunlight like so many re-flectors. The streers along thewater-front are already alive withpeople ancl trucLs anrl pushc:rrtsful1 of fruits and vegetables, butthe bridge looks old, tired, asleep.The train enters the New Yorr<

end dimly lighted by arc lights,and srvitching from one track toanother, comes to a stop like atoy being pushed by an unseerrhand. The dust-covered old clockhanging from the ceiling of tnostation marks a quarter to eight.The passengers trickle ,o,ut, goingthrough both ends of the cars,which have folding gates thatopen on the inside. Oiclerly, lei-surely, the crowd goes downthrough the many exitl of the olcibridge, with notiring of the madrush of the subrvay. The lightfilters through the glassecl domeand side wal1s of the station. butthe whole irrterior remains gloomyand cold. Many ticker bootnshave been closed; it is evidentthat the bridge has lost its olclimportance of the days when lifcflorved in huge *".,.i through it.Before going out I cast a- lastlook around and I cannot help adeep feeling of sadness on the fateand decay of things in general.

Many passengers give their pa-per to a nran at the foot of thestairrvay, who spreads them outand resells them. His {ace andhands are grimy; it is not the dirtof a day, but of weeks andmontl.rs. His light gray eyes havea sinister look. His tweed cap ispulled on the right sirle ; lre lookslike a man rvho lacks the strengthto regain a foothold on life.

_ City Hall Park is charming inthe early nTorni.ng hours. It"liesinr-iolate u'ith its 1ovely, quiet olclbuildings, despite the sordid struc-tures that surround it. There arepeople rvho are constant visitors,lr,ho must see a former li{e movethrough its paths, and rvho mustchase memories of revolutionaryclal's as they feed flocks of pi-geons on its grass plots.

On the south-rvest side of thepark the \\roolworth bu;1<1ir-rgglearrrs in the sunlight like aGothic cathedral. It is beautiful,hut strarrge fr'r 11. note of mystic-ism u'hich it lencls to Americanbusiness life.

Slarionettes on BroadwaY?odrec'ca's "Teatro dei Picco/i"^J ,t',c' YorA

T : ihert thirtl' miliion| ' .. : tltirrl: loreigrr' . ::-: \\'ho har-e rvitnessecl

- . -i-ecca's Teatro dei Pic-I'c. cor|rPar ativelY, in-

' . : . . :he tir-r.ie the Italian pup-- .i ,-,,. es this countr Y, f or- ::.::t€red a decided hit" It:::, i:1rd is still being Patron-

:.: :rreciative audiences who. . ,.t.rPtetations given ItY.:': :rettes much to marvel at.--. t1le Hurok \'{usical Bu-

" -"'.',r,rtecl the trollpe f or its- ..- .,,.e . at the LYric Theatre.':. Yurk it rvas clone so rn'ith' :: Li manl' trirtmPhs abroad.r:. :::arionette shows hacl been

- .-. c, f as atractions f or chil--- . :.i1r1\", because theY are more- ' :'.:sticated than their elders

::-jr-,\' them more. With the- .: t11is rvas not so, for fromr --:c Podrecca gave his seconcl

- r ::Iance in the cellar of the.. .--2,.t Odescalchi in Rome ar'vay: :rr 1916. his audiences were

' ':.- to number chilclren in the:':l\. Tlre first Pcrfortnatlce

. ',een crolr-ded rvith chilclren.:.:ter that the Presence of chil-

-:. at tlte Teatro has been a raritl'.r -'- an aclult has seen the PUP'- : he arrives at the suPerior, :.: conclusion that the entertain-.:r: is far too soPhisticated for

' : \'oun$er PeoPle.-,\'-ithin a .sholt time af ter that' :irilrg perfornlance, ancl before

- iireia ind his pr-rppets l.raci macle

tnseives at home in Rome, re-'-re sts came f rom a1l sections o{

-.:ro1,c. and so l-.'egarr llrat - lonq

. ut,i.1' to thirty cottntries rvith the:::irtr.-1lrst in the process of being.:sitecl. But, allva,vs aiter filling.tquests, the Teatro returnecl to its:eiclquarters in Rome, ancl alrvaYs:,:e siaff r'vas elaboratecl as rvas the:rllertor)', so that nout some 800

:'-ippets are readv to offer fift)' dif-,cient nrtmbers lr'hich require a

:onsiclerable num,ber of manipula-i,-rrS and singers, beside the or'cirestra in the Pit.

When Podrecca organized histheatre, his iclea rvas not to have

his puppets merelY imitate humanbeings through comedY and gro-tesoucrie lrut to have thern 1o dothe'things that the htrman beingscould not do. Certain fantasticll,orks of the theatre ttere rarelyperformed because of the limita-tions of the human movement.Hor'r-et,er, rvith the marionettes thiswas not so, for they go beYr:nd thetalents of the normal hLrman actor.That he has succeeclecl is attestedto bv Br ooks Atkinson, dramacritic" of the "New York Times,"r,vho in reviet'ing the shorv says inpart, "After this the human racehacl better looh to its laurels'"

TI{,E n oll<s tlrat httmatrs ioun,ll,1ifficult to irrterpret \vere thelabors of another Venetian likePodrecca - Carlo Gozzi. He hacl

lived in the eighteenth century anclhad rvritten pla.vs tvith miracies.rvitches, dragons, spirits, and

Backstage with the

r67

ghosts. The light oPeras of Ros-iini, and a group of fairY talesn'hich for decacles had been res-trictecl to book form u'ere othersthat Podrecca fottncl he could use

in his theatre. These, lvith Pa-rodies of Chevalier', Mistinguette,Josephine Baker, ancl concertpianists f or the seekers o{ moremodern interpretations, round ou1

the repertory- o{ the trollPe.

Pocltecca has succeedecl not onlYin creating a theatre rvhere worksimpossible o{ perf ormance b1'

human actors might have a hear-ing, but he can aiso be saicl to haveestablished a marionette theatre as

a major entertainment in the dram-atic world, with composers rvritingrnusic clirectly for it; scene design-ers conceiving scenes in terms oftnarion€tte movement and marion-ette stories, ancl scenarists arrang-ing revue sketches as an intrinsicfeature of the theatre's programs.

-M. A. Melchiorre

"Teatro dei Piccoli" at the Lyric

-Fram the N. Y. Hrald-Tri\mt

I{"rvest Ti*. in MeranoWJruru ltolio, Colo, onJ Tyroluru YoJul BluoJ

T 1{E vinrage season, usuailyI jolly arrcl picturesqrle every-

Lere, has a charm quite its ownin N{erano, due to the Alpine set-ting and the locai color-ing o{ theharvest festivals.

Situated in that portion oISoutl-rern Tyrol known as the AltoAdige Prt.,vince, rvhich was an-nexed to Italy at the end of therecent war, Merano is rightlycalled "the Pearl oi the AlpJ andthe Gateway to the Dololnites"that region of rose-hued peaksand luminous mysterious splendorof indescribable beauty.

In its present ethnographic sit-uation Merano is neither entirelvItalian nor wholly Tyrolese, britan interesting combination ofboth; of two distinct etements, apeople o{ Latin race and anotherof Saxon descent, which are try-ing to amalgamate.

Although the money an<lstamps in use are beyond a doubtItaiian, the Carabinieri,, Italy'scharacteristic gendarmes, walk

-byt

twos in the parks and thorough-

Three Tyrolean Graces at a harvest festival

168

By "Alice 4$ee/1,s \q:si{ares and the red, white and greenbanrrer wa\-es agalnst its izurcsky, yet at every turn you en-counter picturesque Tyrolese cos.tumes, your ear catches gutturalCerrnan diphthongs and the sightoI ioarning beer icltofTes, oimammoth size, is an unmistak-able evidence of local Hapsburgcoloring.'lhe "Tyroler" seems to havebecome more reconciled andfriendiy rvith the Fascists srncehe has benefited by the improve-merlts and advantages under thepresent Regime and one, really,does not get the impression of anyfeeling of enmity.

At all seasons of the year lvre-rano is beautiful, but ner.er moreso than at harvest time. whenclusters of luscious g.up"., attain-ing a marvelous development.hang thick in the vineyards andthe orchards are heavily ladenrvith mammoth pears ancl apples,almost breaking dor.vn under theirloads of fruit. Then the naturalbeauty of the landscape is en-

hanced by the ruddy and russetlints of ioliage. and- the .rvoodedhil1s amidst rvhich nestle quaintlittle hamlets, o1d medievalcastles and picturesque tolvers re-calling the long and interestrnghistory of the counts of Tyrol. arEa lxass of gold and red splendor,an apotheosis of color I

G tAlE juice is a lavorite drinkdurrng the vintage season and\\'e irrdulged daily in several

g'lasses of it. obraining it in thcclifferent shops, oft-times thegrapes being put into a small winepress before ollr eyes, so, r,ve harlno cloubt as to the genuine na-ture of the beverage.

_ Xtany take the grape-cure for

the treatinent of diseases. theirtopic of conversation centering onthe number of glasses or the qian-trt)- ot grapes they manage in thecor-llse of the day.

O.rhers. "s

,u.il, rvho inclulge incopious eatings of them mErelybecause of tlieir excellent fla..oi,constantly vie with each other rneating the largest amount and en_joy^ boasting of their greed.

^.!ood, luscjous. Merano grapes !

\Jrren satlilted to iltmost capacitl,,I thought I couid not look "t if-,."jfor days. yet the very next morn_

irrg I feasred on them again wittrunabated reiish !

Most colorful are the pictur-esque festivals that take piace innlerano during the harvest time,when the_ country folk appear int herr gala costumes, wearingdresses and aprons, heirlooms ofheauty, of most gorgeous silks andlaces. The peculiar. form o[ head-wear of the rvomen is indeedstriking. Some of them rvear littleblack hats, fiat as pancakes, ,lvitl-rtwo pieces of long black rilrbnnin the back, reaching to theground, whiie others have them inthe Maud Mueller style, large as{lorver baskets, or quite mannishrvith cocked fearhers.

Taking lvalks in the outskirts

- the tor.vn, rve rvitnessed inter-:::rng peasant Scenes during the.::tage, when the farm-houses w"

::.-.sed resourrded r,r'itl-i shouts of..'-:ghter, with music ancl merry.::aking. On one partlcutar occa-.. - r.r, tvhen rve lingered by an:en gatetvay, to gaze upon the

-- rrturesque setting within, we:re inr-ited to join the festii-e

- .'.hering. It rvas a feast to Bac-::-'ls. fn the spacious area in front-: the farm-house, under i.vide.:reading chestnut tres, two wa-.,ns drar,vn by white oxen had:: rne in loadecl with rvine Dancr:,-.-1 decolated rvith \,vreaths of:,liage. Around them the merry.-:.rvesters u'ere raising brlmmrng-s.1asses, young and o1d alike join-:::g in mirth and song to give. :aises to Bacchus, thus welcom-::-g the neu'ly-made l,vine.

Wine, both old and new, flow-AIIONG -them rvere the guard- ed sparkiing into the tumblers,

rans of the vineyards, wear- rvhich lvere raised rvith laughter::e peculiar head-gear of feathers to many amusing toasts. ancl whenand fox-tails, rvith long rods in the rneal n'as nearly or.er the mer-:::eir hancls ancl u,ide leaiher be1ts, riment rnprged into ciances, such,,,cking altogether quite import- qr_raint pretty ones. and altogether-

One of Merano's picturesque old castles

HARVEST TI}[D IN ITIIRANO

''#&*,

ant, if not a little fierce. I wastold that rvhen they mount guarCover their r,ineyards thel- arestern and relentless cven withcasual trespassers.

We rvere asked to sit at tnebanquet lvhich l,r'as prepared inthe open, on neatly laid tables. Itconsisted of several courses, verypalatable concoctions, but quittTyrolese. One of them 'uvas calleOstrttdel or something similar, I re-member, and vaguely reminded usof apple-pie.

My knolr'leclge of German lvastoo scanty to gather much frorrtthe loquacious replies they gavemy various questionings ancl theirItalian was rather vague ancl ?R-adequate, but intuition took mefar into the realms of understarro-ing and lve became lrtends in notime.

169

rlii[crent frr,m those one sees inja.zz ntusic halls. The Schtthplatte ,typicallv Tr.rolese, r,vas performedser.eral times and alr,vays to thekeen enjoyment of the onlookers,ior._ the

. arcient glances and coy

smiles that the dancers bestcvieion their partners r,vhile pirouet-ting around each other ivere inthemselves most entertainine.

We rvere insistently asked tojoin in the dancing and the y?ung.,\,nerican girl who was .tr.ith uileadily complied. I can stili seel-rer hopping along, more out ofrtelr ffixn iu stcp. hy the sicleof tlrose huskl-, sun-burnt Tyrcl-eans, r,vhose cocked hats, on aslant, and broad grinning coun-tenances rvere indeed worthy of asnapshot !

A sojourn in Merano provesmost delightful to those who seelirecreation along the lines ofamusement and gaiety, as well asto those who love the restfulnessof beautiful surroundings.

. There is a golf course, a skatingrink and a Casino where excellenicon-certs are given. Both in Spnngand Autumn there are tenniitournaments, f oot-ball matche,;and horse-races.

We s3w a very interestingpeasants' pony ra.ce,ridden r-,1,

peasants in their picturesque cos-tulnes on frisky mountain ponies,by means of rvhich we learnerlthat theTyroleans are excellentcor,r'boys as tvell as expert rock-climbers.

As a center {or excursions, wefound X,Ierano unequalled. Inter-esting aerial cable-routes took usin a ferv minutes to the exhilarat-ing atmospl-rere of plateaux abouta mi1e,higl-r, rvith beautiful vier,vsof the Nlerano vallev and sur-roundings, rvhile o" excellentroads we motored through theDolorriites to Cortina, d'ampezzoand N{isurina, amidst magnihcentforests, rvild gorges, fertile valleysand flolvery meadorvs.

n

Two and Two Makc Four

NIIDDLE-AGED psycho-analyst and a young novelistr,r'ere sipping streqa on a hotel

baicony overlooking one of North-ern Itaiy's charning lakes. Thesrrbtle u'armth of the liqueur to-gether with the peacefulness of thescenery made conversation a de-lightful luxury, and they talked a1-

most as easily as they imbibed theirdrinks.

"Yes, sir," the older man wassaying, "I maintain that if you giveme the introductory cletails to anysituation yon have experienced orwritten about, f, as a psychoana-lyst, will be able to tell you theexact events that followed."

They had met only that morning,but like many Americans who finr1themselves in a nerv country, thetwo men soon became good friends.At first there in'as the usual ex-change of conventional gossip; nowthey had reached the stage wherethey freely conversed on subjectsthat actually interested them. Atthe present moment they were dis-cussing "human m.otives," a topicon which the two, by virtue oftheir respective occupations, feltquite authoritative.

"I doubt that very much," te-plied the novelist to this boast."Lif e is far too complicated foranyone to claim that extraordinaryability. Of course, if you meanfortune-telling and that sort ofthing. . ."

"Npnsense ! You don't need tobe a fortune teller. With a fewfundamental rules in mind Life be-comes as simple as adding two andtu,o and making four." Noticingthat the author sti1l shook his headdoubtfully, he added, "Suppose wemake a smal1 wager on that .Yorttell me the simple, introductory de-tails of any situation whatsoever.I ivill deduce from them the cor-rect consequences that took place,or else admit defeat."

There was no hesitation on the

A Short Short Story

tsy Qerlando "fu(angione

part of the young man. "You'reon !", he exclaimed.

fHE waiter was srrmrnoned, thcI stalies were entrusted in hiscare. After ordering more stregct,,the novelist began to relate the in-tr ccluction to his "situation" :

"About ten years ago, a boy oftwenty who loved the outdoors wasirrdulging in that popular Americansport-hitch-hiking. He had noparticular clestination in mind. Hisonly thought was to get out of theblazing sun, into an automobilethat would take him to a camp ora hotel where he could spend thenight. After many unsuccessfulattempts he finally succeeded instopping a large black sedan withno other passengers but the driver.

"Like many other motorists hehad ridclen rntith, this one provedvery talkative, so that the two hadnc difficulty in making conversa-tion.

"'You know, lad, the reason Jpicked you t1p rvas because yolllook so honest and straightforwarclto me.'

"'Thank you,' was the boy'sreply.

"'I should never have pickedyou up if you didn't look like areal gentleman.'

"The boy was suspicious of peo-ple who flattered themseives ontheir ability to distinguish 'realgentlemen' from others, br,rt beingtoo poiite to say r,vhat he thought,l-re merely answered 'thank you'again. He would have preferreclwatching the scenerl' undisturbedby' the driver's chatter, but therewas no stopping him no"v.

"'ft's so easy to get intotrouble by picking up the wrongsort of hitch-hikers,' he persisted,.

"'Yes,' saicl the boy, obviouslyannoyed by this time.

"The driver seemed very anxiousto impress the boy: 'On1y the otherday a friend of mine was held up

b1' a hitch-hiker at the point of agun, his car was driven into aditch, ancl-lvould yor-r believe it ?-his money was taken away fromhim ! But of course, nothing likethat ever happens if you're carefulabout picking up the right kind.You can usually tell a good honestfzrce, you know.'"

II

{T this lery point the author' u stopped his story, filled hisglass, and rvith a note o.f triumphin his rroice said, "There you are,Mr. Ps1'6fi6ana1yst. I think I'vegiven you sufficient details on whichto shorv off )'our supernaturalpo\4rers. Nor,r- te1l me, if you can,what happened next." He leanedback in his chair r,vith a cvnicalsmi1e.

The psychoanalyst's only retort\,vas a wide grin. "From what Ican ff,ake out of your character,"hc began, "I shouid say that.her,vas rather honest, very sensitive,and a real romanticist. Putting allthese qr-ralities together lvith thefact that the clriver was so bent oncc.rnvincing the boy that he had anhonest face, I rather suspect thatthe man's taik must have inspiredthe boi' with the devilish idea ofshowing him up and teaching himthat appearances, can be deceiving."

The author was watching himintently; his body leaned {orward.Frorh the expression on his face,the psychoanalyst might have easilycleduced that he had at least hitupon part of the correct solution.

"Psychologically speaking, theact can be explained with a fewsimple illustrations. You, yourself,I am sure have at some time orother wanted to scream in church,or laugh at a funeral. It is a com-mon experience of most human be-ings. They restrain themselvesonly because of fear {or publicopinion. But this boy of ours wasalone r,vith the man, miles away

t7a

Irom public opinion. Ethical 'con-ventions couldn't stop him very;rrLrch, for, as I have said, he waia romanticist. Then too, he musthave had a fountain pen or pencil,rrr his person which he could easi-t.,' fake as a gun. Mv conclusion,logically enough, is that he held the:rran up."

The novelist rvas staring at himir-ith amazement. He sat listeningas though his very life dependecl,,,n hearing the r.rext $rord said.

The psychoanalyst continltecl :

"\olv there is no cloubt in my mincl:rrat the bor.- held 1lp a man who..i'as a profesional highu'ay robb3r,a iellolv u'lro lr.ould pick up lonely

. ,iihce he was constructing; and:i'at Bismarck himsel{, fallerr frontj.-)\l'er, in an important speech to:i,e students of the Llniversity of.qr:r in 1392, protestccl his eirtile,ristrust in absolutisnt and recom-::renclecl the strengthening of the-incacy of prrblic opinion and of--ariiament. To cite a much {resher:\ample, rvhen during the last war.-,'e u'ished to warm the hearts of:::e afllictecl people, there rvas noetter means than to hold before

::-eir eyes the idea that they were:::augurating the era of liberty:-, ervwhere even amidst their re--',ictant enemies, and the iclea of:l-e alliance of peoples and of t1-re

..agr-te of nations for the pacific

.-::d f ree clevelopment of civiliza-i ,n throughont tl-re earth ; and

.'. en if the lips f rom r,hich these'.',,,,rds ri,ere utterecl provecl often

be l,ying, the {act sti11 remains:.,at the icleal of liberty was the::1r- one r,r'hich cor-rld be c1efenc1ecl,

-ihe onlv one r,vhich coulcl safe11''. evoked to good aclr'antage."

l- i. .tlris 1,1e;r that, (rnce rrp-'ats- 'rr ilr.' rathcr' ino\ins epilogue to. 'Storia" because "it is the onlv

T\VO AND TWO X{AKE F'OUR

hitch-hikers, clrive them to a de-serted spot, and then rob them oftheir possessions. When he stuffedthe boy with his talk on honesty,he hacl an "ulterior motive" inmind. No one rvould talk on asingle topic verl' long unless it 'nvas

f or a clefinite purpose. His "u1-terior motirre" was to throw thebcy off his guard, ancl take him un-awares. But, as I have pointed out,the bov beat hin-r at his own gameby holcling him up first.

"Sttrprisecl at linding the tablesturned this rvay, br-rt suspecting theboy's 'gun' to b.e a fountain pen,he grapplecl rvith tl-re boy. Beingthe stronger of the trvo, he soon

171

got the best of the situation, andhelcl up the boy, as was his originalintention.

"At that time. his victim musthave confessed the reason for hisbehavior. The highwayman, whor'vas probably not clevoid of a goodsense of humor, was tickled by thesituation. He made friends withthe lacl, returned his money, anddropped him off at Beagle's Inn."

At the mention of "lSeagle's Inn."the author muttered, "Good God,you must have knorvn the crook" !

"Yes, indeed," replied the psy-choanalyst, finishing his'strega' "Izlo"s the crook. Dou't you remem-ber mv picking you up?"

it. "and rvho f ollorv it rvith everincreasing iove ancl clevotion thanin times u'helr tl-rere was 1to oneto offenc1 it Nor does libertvmerely live on in these men nol'cloes it merely exist and persist ir-r

the structures of many of ourrriajor stetes or in our irrstitutionsanci in ollr custol'ns, but its virtuesoperate within those very things-it opens a passage. in grealer orlesser degree, betr,veen the sharpestof diffrcr-rlties-an attitr-rde whichure can rve1l see manifest in the sen-timent ancl thought urged upon usto-rla1- in regalds to a respite orreduction in armaments, in regardsto a peace ancl an alliance of Eu-ropean states, in regards to the re-establishnient of harmony, under-stancling, ancl good-rvill among ther-arious peoples. r'vhich is to savein the lr,orlcl ancl for the'goocl ofthe 'nvorlc1, if not their respectiveeconomic ancl political supremacy,at least, their secr-rlar supremacy ascreators and prorroters of civiliza-tion-their acquired attitudes inthis great unceasing development."

Of these few r,vho still worshipin "the religion of liberalism" isBenecletto Clroce himself.

THE RELIGION OF LIBERALISM(C'ontinued, from poge 156)

icleal rvhich has the solidity pos-sessed at one time by Catholicism,ancl tl're flexibilitl- u'hich that insti-tution cor:ld never achieve. It istl-re on11. ic1ea1 rvhich air'vays goesorrt to meet the future, but u,hichtloes not irrtenrl to contain iL innn1' particuiar or conting,:nt form.It is the only icleal u'hich can re'sist criticisrr ancl r,hich representsthe pivot about r,vhich human so-ciety revoh'cs in its frequent crisesand continuous oscillations in tirere-establishment of the equilibriun-r.\\Ihen, theref ore, we are askecl.,1'hether liberty can touch thatrvhich is called the future. u'e n'e:lonly to answer that liberty hasmore: it has eternity. And evento-clay, notrvithstanding the cold-ness, the contempt, and the scornu'ith which liberty is treated, itnevertheless is engraftecl in our in-stitutions. in onr customs, in our.piritrral u rr:. n'here it goes onu,orking rrost beneficentlv."

This tradition lives on in a felvisolatecl noble n-rincis scattered herea.nc1 there tirroughout the world,"r eclucecl almost to an aristocracv- a snrall resftrblico li!croria," wh-ostill have faith ancl reverence in

SONGS FROM THE SICILIANI

Clarida, with a haughty grace,In scornful humor sets her face,And looks as she were born alone,To give, in love, and take from none

Though l adore, to that degree,C1arida, I would die for thee.If 1'611'." too proud to ease my pain,I am too proud for your disdain.

III knor'r' her false. T knol' her base,I know that gold alone can rnove her;I know she jilts me to my face,And yet, ye godsl I know I love her.

I see, too plein, and yet ant blind,Would think her true, rvhile she, for-

sooth,To me, and to ny rival, kind,Courts hirn, courts me, and jilts us both.

(Tran.;laterl in "'l-he Portfolio," Xt[arch 7812. Frotn"An Itali.,rn .4tttltology" bJ, Florcnce Trail).

Atlautica's )bseruatorry

EXCEPTIOI{

1N a recent rrrrmber of "La VoceI del Popolo" oI Detroit, Edoardo' Marolla lakes issue rvith the err-thusiasm r,vhich has greeted theelection of a young Italo-Americanwoman to the Pennsylvania Legis-lature. He cloes not feel that thissignifies a step f orward f or theItalians in this country. Instead,n4r. Marolla sees it as a halt inthe progression.

According to him, the Italianwoman has ahvays been known asa kindly mother and ideal wife,and she should not trv to emulatethe American woman by going intopolitics. Cn the contrary, sheshould follow the example set byher mother.

Personally we do not agree rvithMr. Marolla. The woman, whetherItalian or American, should playa part in politics. Perhaps not inan executive position, but certainlyas a unit of a representative groupsuch as a state legislature. Threeor four won.ien in such a group cando much towards the introducingof bills, and their passage into laws,the light of which, perhaps, themale contingent had not seen.

A r,voman r,r'ho has "kept house,"paid gas and electric bi1ls monthlyrealizes more than the man the fair-ness or the ur-rfairness of legisla-tion torvards adjustment of ratest4rward or down. It may be thatt'hen there is talk of a new statehospital or home for wornen, oran investigation of conditions insuch institutions, she, as a mem-ber of the legislature, can take thelead. O., when the legislatureturns towards regulation of way-ward children, she, as a mother, cando naore than the hardened, gruff,ward politician.

In the same issue of "La VoceDel Popolo" Mr. Marolla com-ments on the doings of the OrderSons of Italy in which they awardprizes to students distinguished inthe studv of Italian, and then or-ganize junior lodges in which only

-English is spol<en. According toMr. Marolla, the Order Sons o{

Italy u'as organized primarily tokeep together the Italians of thiscountry, and the perpetuation ofthe ltalian language in America.With the abanclonment of Italian inthe junior lodges, t1-re writer feelsthat the order is drar,ving awayfrom its primary purpose.

$ I 30,000,000

APPROXT\TATELY $130.000._000 is soon ro be spent by thc

Italian gorrernment for publicu'orks in an effort to lessen thenumber of unemployed. The gov-enrment expects this investnrent tokeep an arml' of 300,000 men work-ing throughout the next five months,b]' which time hal{ of the programrvill have been completed.

The work to be undertaken willinclude bridges, roads, public edi-fices, aqueducts, and electrificationof railrn'avs. It l'ras been dividedinto two sections ; one is generaland expected to afford work prima-rily cluring the r,vinter, and theother is devoted entirely to railroadelectrification and r,vill extend nec-essarily over a longer period. Fiftymillion dollars obtained in a recentinternal loan furnished the govern-ment with money to initiate theconstruction projects.

Another Chapter

- Fron the Ractreter Chronicle

172

In proportional comparison u'ithsome countries ltaly's arrny of un-erreployed is not large, and this pro.ject which is norv under way willcrrt the nrrmber by almost onc-thritlof the total, and will do much to-r,vards enabling the people to passthe rigors of the r,vinter. By thetime the first half of it is nearingcompletion, r,vork on farm-lands willhave sta,rted and this will dralr.'many ntore from the nnemployedranks.

Another important project beingrrnderlalien by the gover.nnrent isthe agricr,rltural development pro-gram which will enable more than100,000 persons to live in reclaimedmiles of su'ampland in the middleof rvhich Littoria, a city of Fascistcreation, will arise, two hours jour-gey or-rtside Rome. The "city" ofLittoria is now a huge field, plottedrvith a plou' in emulation of Ro-nlulus' methods of digging theboundaries of Rome, yet bf 1935thele rvil1 be schools, homes,theatres, markets, public offices andeven an airport, in the corning cityof Littoria, rvhich, unlike mostcities, has been planned in detailbefore construction.

SHRINKAGE

fHtr figures oi the income taxt returns of 1932, reccntly madepublic, te1l the story of the depres-sion in realistic fashion. These sta-tistics shorv conditions have affectedthe pocketbooks of the Americanpeople to the tune of Z3/o from thetotal income of the year previous,and we must remember that thatyear was not a banner one either.

Tbg 2379 decrease represents$3,989,401,578. The average netincome for all returns for 1931 was$1,245,83, rn'hile that for 1930 was$5,100.10. The "super-nail1ion-aires," products of our boom days,r,vere hit hard. In 1929 there wire513 individuals in this group, witlreach showing incomes bf St.OCn,-000 and over. Two years later,this record number has shrunkto a mere 75. All along the line

'- .:ri \\-?s a loss, with corporations- : -,1' a loss of 44/o.

-::ese figures are based on in-: ::-e reports fi1ed up to August''-. 1932. fncomes f.or 1932 will be- ,,rted beginning next March anrl..= expecteci to show an even sad-

=: licture, although the total gov-:n-:r€ot income may be larger he-.-:se of increased taxes.

ITALIANISM

f -' Giuseppe Prezzolini, eminent' arlthor and director of the Casa-::1iana of Columbia University,':. - are indebted for the statement:-:,-i, '(in the future, Italianism, as

" :rarl< of distinction and educa-:'.:r, rviil eventually supersede the-1-.se cosmopolitanism of French_- _1-tufe.

''\\,'e can find justice in that.-etement by taking note of the::.. id rise being made by this study

Italian in our local high schooli.l" rt so very many years back not: . single high school in this city:-eled an adequate course in ltal-

:-.:. But the demands of an ever-:: rling body of ltalo-American.:'-:,1ents, together with other stu--;rts eager to assimilate the rich: -ture of Italy, have been gradual-. ' :ecognized until todav almost atl: \erv York City's high schools- er rvell-rouncled courses in

I:-.1ian."Professor Prczzolini goes on to

.:-.' that Italy has always been a

..:-l of aesthetic ideals and cus-:-.:rs. "That these same ideals and:-.stoms have made little headrvay: - recent years in the several coun-::.:s of the world points to the tocr:r'ious fact that these same coun-

:::es have adhered too rigidly to: ,t principles of materialism anci:.::haps to those of a shallow aes-. .=ticism which serves merely as. s'-rperficial gloss for latent coarse-.::s. Jtaly's perspective on tnre.a'.1trr, undefiled by petty preju-

-::es, has been the foundation of-.=: remarhable cultural progress,.:. 1 this same perspective is rapi.l--" gaining favor with the several:::ons. This diffusion of unprr:-'. .:ced art has emanated from suclir -.rnent sources. as Francesco De:::ctis' 'History of Italian Liter-.:,r:e,' Karl Vossler's'Mediaeval-.'- rr.e,' jlq . i . P Spingarn's

_ ::atl\'e Lrtt1c1sm."'S r rve can look fonvard to a

ATLANTICA'S O 13SERVATORY

The unemployed gangster

future which will find Italy to bethe motivating force behind a newset of cultural and artistic prin-ciples.

DOCUMENTATION

fHE city of Genoa lias just pub-' lished and reproduced with

color all the documentary evidencein her archives and libraries on theoligin of Columbus. Each record,notorial deed, conveyance, famiil'will, letter and writing by contem-poraries is submitted and transiateciinto English and German. In shortthe city of Genoa has gone to quitesome trouble to dig out all this ma-terial and u,ith it say, through theeditors of the book, "Whoeverwishes to deny the discoverer'sGenoese origin must face this do-cumentation."

The purpose of the book is todisprove whole volumes in whichCc.'lumbus is made to be now aCatalonian, now Portuguese, nowsa.id to have been born in Galiciaor in France, England, Denmark,Greece, Srvitzerland, and even inArmenia.

In the evidence with which theyprepared this volume the editorssav, "we have reliable informationregarding his f amily, birth, hisforrrier social position, personalfriencls and adherents, the associa-tions of his daily life. Documentsconfirm ancl complete one another.The evidence is infinitely morecornplete and certain than thatfound by scholars concerning Dan-te, Bacon, and Shakespeare. Yetnone of these have originated so

nnds a 'o ^;,":..?:?::::deile rdee,,,orRone

many controversies as we findthroughor-rt "Neo-Columbian liter-a1 L1re. "

DISPLAY

fHE occasion of the Tenth An-I- niversary of Fascism was cel-

ebrated in part, as all the worldknows by now, with an Exposi-tion at Rome of all the activitiesof F'ascism during its ten years atthe helm of ltaly. A section ofthis immense Exposition deait withthe activities of Italians abroad inthe fie1ds of alt, journalism, in.clustry, commerce, and education.

In the list of publications sent toR.ome from the United States werecopies of- the Pope daily news-papers, namely, "Il Progresso," ttllCorriere," and "I1 Bollettino dellaSera." Atlantica l\ras prominentirr the grorrp of magazines on dis-lrlarr at the Exposition.

The Casa Italiana of ColumbiaUniversity sent documents contain-ing accounts of its many activitiesin its endeavor to unite Italian andAmerican education and literaryicleals. The cities of Trenton,Chicago and St" Louis forwardedpapers with news of the prominentstrides forward being taken by theirIialo-American population.

Another feature of the exhibitlvas an illustrated monograph ofthe sculptures of Ralph Napolita-no. This booklet was issued at thetime of the miner-scuiptor's exhibitat Pittston, Penna. The latter'smaster, Onorio Ruoto o, sent a col-lection of photographs of his manysculptures.

t73

t

The Art WorldBy hlaurice J. Valency

BACK TO BOUGUEREAU

;N the foreword to tlre catalogueI of Bouguereau's paintings at' the .[ohn Levy Cilleries, JeanCharlot, who is in excellent pain-ter, lvrites:

" ... His ideal... appeal(s) ...t.o tlrc yotingcr gerrerotion ot' ort-ists, lircd of the !oo ittdiuidualand. often obscure lan,guage of thewasters of nr,odern art. Tired tooof the strange distrust of natwrec.r it ?.r, tJt at characteri,ze's tlt,ebest of owr liaing artists . . ."'lhis distrust of nature 'as it is'may be strange, but art, science,and religion are synrptoms of thismalady. Ii feelirrg and reason haveevolr'ed from primordial slime, ifman has divested himself of hisgills, concealed his tail, anclraised his eyes to the sky, yetno one u,ill pretend that this bitof evolutionary masqrlerade hassucceeded in adjusting him to hisq,uestionable environment. Likedogs baying at the moon, in-cessantly we express our \,Velt-schmerz and our discontent. Thehigh gods have no need of paint-ings; secure in knowleclge, theyneecl no science; themselves im-rnortal and perfect, tl.rey u'onidhardly understand religion. Butcrawling between encircling hor-izons, hermetically sealecl under asolid rlorr re o I sl<y. mall oddlylives irr the r ague c,.nsci.rusrrcs-sol great Iorces wlrich seem toconnive at his existence. llemmedabout rvith all the patter andtrickery of cosmic magic, eachrlay, as things appear antl vanish,increasingly aware o{ ner,v doubtand fresh deceit, anci soon proneto suspect the validity oi all in-ference, he may resigri lrimsel F toillrrsion, rnulterins vividly, "Van-ity and ranity of vanitiis." Hemay mad11' spin hare-brainedschemes of bootless philosophy.He rnal'seek escape through-aci-lvrty. tsut wlrether it be calledart, science, or reiigion, r,vork orsimply physical procreation, hisactivity will ceaselessly demons-trate iris insistent and profounddistrust of nature.

We shall go back to Bougue-reau, but not for very long I hope,for amid much that is formidable,rve do share with the ineffablegods a sense of proportion. Ca-banel, Baudry, Ga11and, Poussin

-they can teach us something,but Bouguereau lvil1 teach usrather what not to do. Carefullypainting fairy tales of flesh in deli-cate layers of onion skin, he be-came at last aware of great voicesshouting about nature and artoutside his studio r,vindor.vs. In1905, the last year of his life,u'hen he rvas eighty, somehow hepainted a portrait and called it"Meditation." It is very dif-ferent {rom whatever else iie clicl.For this once, abandoning theRenaissance, he painted loosely invibrant color, rvith green andpurple shador,vs, with a soft andreflective brush, the bust and headof a girl that rvould not har.e wonthe Prix de Rome. Impression-ism came suddenly and iate uponthe old craftsman. That yeartoo. in the spring. a burglarbroke into his house in Paris. Hehad a heart attack, left for LaRochelle, and died in August.

A READING ROOM

THE BENTON nrurals are 1o be' forrnd at the top of the \Vhit-

ne1- XIuseum. There is a narrowsteep flight of steps leading up toa 1itt1e closet suitable for broomsand rlrrstpails. nrrti 1lten r ou turnsharply to the right, and there isthe reading room lvith the Beutonmurals.

Much has been said a'boutBenton, and some have r.vrrttenthat he is the greate-ct muralpainter of our time. There is nocloubt that Benton can paint bothgrave and ga)', tliough in themain, his aim seems to be sati-rical. On these rvalls he haspainted Baliyhoo rvith a largebrush and briefly traced its his-tory back to a large bloodless In-dian rvith a tomaharvk. But Ithink the nicest thing he has donein the reading room is a little fat

cherub rvith exaggerated buttt-rcksflying out of an antenna, blorvinga crooner's horn. You wili havetlouble fincling this cherub, but theneverything that is worthrvhile isdifficuit.

It is not a large room, butevery part of it has b.een deco-rated with color bound to the drvplaster r,vith white of egg, anfhere and there Mr. Benton hasthriftily used the yolks also. Thefour wal1s-rvould there weremore-the ceiiing, even themoulding spaces have beentreated in a manner wonderfuland rare; perhaps there will betreatment also for the would-bereacler if he comes out quickly, forthis is a reading room whence hewho runs may read. It is truethe room is somer,vhat small, andthe paintings someu'hat insistentas murals go, but time will rem-edy this. T,he principal picturesare four in number. In one isemphasized the large pale Indianu'ith tomahar,vk. He is about tohit something rvith it. In thebackground and the middle dist-ance are other Indians. Facingthis vivid scene from the past isa large fresco depicting the evilsof moclern cit]' 1iie. The radioand the cabalet, the burlesqueshow and the unemplol-ed, sin athome and in the cinema, theracketeer, the punk, and t1-re still,all these and more are tastefullyarrangecl between and around theshadecl u'indows against whichthe light of Gocl lightly beats itsphotons. It is r.er]' sad andtaurdry, rve {eel, r'anity of vanities,a cle Mi11e super-hvper special, andrve clutch a chair and stare vacantlyat the rug until rve have come to.

For Mr. Benton has apparentlycaught glimpses of the tabloidnewspapers and he rebels againstthis sensational age. His muralsread: us a kind oi sernron in paintwhich would be edifying if ser-mons were edifying, and appar-ently the artist is of the opinionthat all you har.'e to do to makea synthesis is to throw a lo,t ofthings together. This is not true.

17+

l. ., -rlnthesis is possible rvithout':'-:,.1r-sis. Synth e sis requires::- 'ught, and careful observation: rnany phenornena, and the ab-

::::iction of universals, and many::rer things; and in art a1l this

:ir'.1st be macle beautiful and co-::ent and simple. If painters

.::' to be like that abor-rt civiliza-: n. we shall insist rlpon a cer-. . :r philosophic serenity, trans-.:'.'1ing the insouciance of the:-:ic strip. \\t'e may not accept-- platitudes of philosophy as the' :rrlers of art. A heap of old

.'r::riture in an auction room is. : a fair microcosm, even if )'ou:: on it a pair of olc1 trousers.:.halfasandr,vich.

,rld overhead, Frankie's gun. :: rooty-toot-toot, and the rull-

-: -iired hearses (quite tired by-''i roll ollt of the double bar-

::-: in bad Gothic print, rvhile-.a:r or.er everything, tl-re Eagle.. high in Mobile, so that you.- dorvn quickly ancl rub 1.6111": :: and rvish it didn't. And to

:.= side is a revival meeting with- r cliscreetly concealed behind--. DA1'son's eiborv, rvhile a con-::'-::onally caricatured N e gr o.-is away with large hancls

- ..:,ecl ancl bliss in his heart. The--,.-Iessee mountaineers are in it

,,)n the otl-rer side of the rootn,r:.:,-ndent in blue and egg-

...,-,n' and a kind of eggy red.- I said, no part of the room has-.:r 1e{t undecorated save the

' :. The four round tables are. :: l,ortecl by glass cylinders

--,-h rnav some clay spontane-.:: -r- 61's1fl6r,v r,r'ith illicit beer.

-.=re are plenty of ci.rairs, ancl- ::e are some bookcases painted. :. -,spita1 \\ hite, ancl containing- .rrr lxagazines, fol this .,r.as to. t been a reacling room. Therrr'\- inclurles among orher:-s "Popular History of Bri-

. Searveec1s," Sche11e1r's "Spec-' -:rr i\na"1ysis," G o 1 d s m i t h's: :nated Nature" Volume I-r1 is not recommended f or

':-'-:e reaclers-and "'lhe Ladies':.ath," 18rlq-50.

-,.ALENTINE GALLERY

4 . tlre Valerrtirre Gallery rnay: seen a dozen palntlngs

,:.:-':eii from the work of some

THE ART WORLD

of the most successful artists ofthe contemporary French school.

There are trvo abstracts ofBraque, cert:,r.inl1' not of his best.Tl.rere is a hne Dufy, sorne Pi-cassos, a X,Iocligliani, an<1 an ex-cellent Derain landscape, but torurr" mincl the "Tasse de Caf6" ofJ'[ati-sse so far sllrpasses the restof the pictures as absolutely toconcentt-ate attentior.r to the ob-

"Le Corsage Bleu"-Pablo,,:::i,::"

scure corner of the roon tthereit is hung.

The lac1y in this painting obvi-ouslf is not in the mood f orcoffee; she looks away from herdemi-tasse r,r'ith disarming absent-mincledness, her expression isn,istfull)-, er-en painfully contem-plative, though somervhat rrarredi.-,r' the loss of an eye. She haslost an elre some\\,l-rere ancl chisu'orries her. The standing fig-Lue u itlr tire tra_\" is not s_\'lll-

lratlretic. arr,l u'e rnrl' conjct culethat she sourly expects to befirec1 as soon iLS 1-rer mistress gets:rrorrncl to it. \\Ie expect she talksback a good cleal and is of ashreu-ish temper, and perhaps i{the monoptic lady cloes not drinkher co1lee her servant n'ii1 smashlrer or.er the I'reac1 rvith t1-re tray.\\'-e hope sl-re cloesn't, for this woulclspoil a magnificent composition.'Ihe pictr-rre is beautifully and-.inrply composecl of geometrical

175

forms only remotely realistic.The fat curve of the tabouret,rvith the delightful arrangementit includes, is repeated in thecun-e of the lacly's rump and re-flected in the sr,ving of the tray,while the carafe and jug on thetabouret ancl the tumbler in thetray make a single structural unit.'lhe backgronncl is unbroken bythe figured rvalipaper of the ty-pical I,Iatisse interior-it is flatand lur.rinous and upon it is im-posed the elliptical design u'hichbir-rcls together simply and with-qtlcngtl.r the two figures, the darkar-rc1 the 1ight, into a single andcxclnisite u'hole. In simplicity,grace, and ease, the absence ofLlnnecessary detail, in completefreeclorn zrncl utter reserve, thiscalr\ras invites comparison lviththe very best that has been doneby the Japanese print masters.

This much we may say withcertainty and acld that the paint-ing is verv beautiful. And wemust acld that the f aces areiascinatir-rg in their ugliness, thatthe color is certainly a little dis-gusting. It is very beauti{ul be-cause it is someu'hat ugly, andthis is only an ingenious paradox,for beauty and ugliness are notreally opposites. No one will in-sist that beauty has anything todo rvith conr.entional design. Itis easiest because it requires leastapplication to render beautythrough syumetry and hannoni-ous proportion, but both art andn'rusic long ago discovered the useof cliscord. Only the n.rost stub-born ear ri'i11 {ail to be bored witha iong succession of triads.\Ve need strength as rvell assl'eetness, if more than a sllper-ficia1 laver of our being is to beexplore d. The music of thesp1-reres cannot be merely sr'veet.In painting too rve soon tire ofrvl-rat is uniformly agreeable-itlacks truth, lve knolv it for acheap subterfrrge ancl falsificationof nature. To besmirch indiscri-rninatelr., to uglify everything isil svrnptom of crirninal indiges-tiorr; lrttt to prettify corrtention-a1lr' the glorious and terrible uni-verse is to succumb to one of thesurest means of perclition devisedby an ingenious. or.erfed ancl thor-ougly for-rl fiend.

176

TOPICSOF THE

MONTH(Cootinued, Jron paga 148)

statues which had been removedjust before by order of Mr. Rotha-fel, the Mussolini of American art.

We all have read about the in-cident. The statues, perhaps a bittoo life-like to please the ultra-Puri-tan Mr. Rothafel, had been placedin the Hall as an artistic decoiation.lf owever, it seems that they of-fencled the sensibilities of c6rtainprudish people and so Mr. Rothafeldecreed their removal in the nameof respectability and decency.

This amusing occurrence bringsback to nly mind a fanaous sensi-tional trial i,vhich took place in Italyin 1879 and which Gioiue Carduciihas immortalized in one of his mostforceful poems. A man was triedin Rome for the murder of hisladylo.ve's husband. The principalsto this crime of passion-were a1lwell-known and respected menrbersof the so-callcd best Rornan society

-a fact which brought to Couithundreds of ladies of the Romanaristocracy, dressed in beautifulgowns, morbidiy gloating over thelurid and obscene details of the sin-ful love betrveen the unfaithful wifeand her assassin lover. T suppose,in this respect at ieast, the worldhasn't progressed very much since1879, particularly in our Amer-icanCourts.

Carducci, fired to indignation, ad-dressed some powerful llnes tothese respectable ladies who ofieredsuch a disgusting spectacle of de-pravecl instincts and who, if a hunkof marble should perchance happento expose a little something, wouldrush to protect in inky fury andverbose fulminations. But at this

with rifles and bearing the samelivery as that of the soldiers ofGeneral Beauharnais, Viceroy ofItaly under the Napoleonic regime:green tunic, red sleeve-cuffs, anda double rorv of rvhite buttons. Itscaptain u.as Giusepl>e Avezzana.With its ou'n tricolor. it u'as thebesl comprrl-r- i11 its regiment.

Finall1', Carlo Delvecchio andBartolomeo Ceragioli, the latter

ATLANTICA, JA\IUARY, 1933

point I think it is best to give Car-ducci's own words:

"Poi, se un pwttin tJi ntarmo av-uien che noostri

Qwalcosell,ina al soleProtestereste con fwror d,'incl,tio-

stri,Con fwhnin d.i. parole."

Let Mr. Rothafel and his Puritantribe ponder over Carducci's stig-matizing verse.

THE ALIEN: ETERNALTARGET OF PREJUDICE'FVERY day fresh proof is turn-- isherl that there exists in thiscountry a deep-rooted prejudiceagainst alien elements in our midst.\Ve hgve exposed it in these co-lumns on more than one occasion.T.here can be no doubt about it.

Dr. Greeff, Commissioner ofI-Iospitals oi the City of Ner,v York,last month supplied further andstronger evidence of the existenceof this spirit of hatred against thealien element r,vhen he dismissedsummarily all the nurses, orderliesancl helpers in the City's 27 hos-pitals rvho were not American cit-1zens.

In an effort to ward off the gen-erai criticism which his actionbrought about, Dr. Greeff explainedthat the dismissal was "a naturalprocedure that would be followeduncler similar conditions in arivother country." This statement iiboth silly and unfair. In the firstplace, it seeks to justify an actmorally inclefensible by dragging ared herring across the trail; and,secondly, it bespeaks a blanket in-dictment of otl-rer countries.

What other civilized countrywould countenance Dr. Greeff'sdrastic and inhuman order? He,very cautiously, does not say.

I suppose it is rseless to com-plain. Someone 1-ras said that thernost futile thing in the world is toreason prejudice out of a man's

THE "LITTLE ITALY'' OF 1850(Continued. from Page 161)

the first president and the formerfirst treasurer of the "Societi. fta-liana di Llnione, Fratellanza e Be-neficenza," wefe the so-called"capi-popoio," that is, they werego-betr.eens betn een the workersand the intellectual class, twci prac-tical and popular orators, whomDe Meis would not hesitate to c1e-

scribe as "sovereigns" of the ltal-ian colony in Ner,v York.

mind: reason didn't put it there andreason can't take it out.

The pity of it is that in a freeand democratic country like oursrve still permit the poor alien, whohas done and still is doing so nquchfor America, to be the daily targetof intolerable and unreasonableprejudice.

WORDS, WORDS, WORDS

MR. \ 'ILFRtrD. F._FUNK, noted.'' poet anrl publisher, has con-

ceived the idea of compiling a listof the ten loveliest words in theEnglish language, explaining thathe has been guided in his choice ofthe rvorcls by their euphony andbeauty of meaning.

He certainly started something,for the idea has spread like wildfire. fndeed, if this nerv and fascin-ating game can replace the brainlesscross-word puzzle craze, Mr. Funkmay well be considered a publicbenefactor.

The task is difficult, of course. ftis all a matter of taste and assoc-iations. A rvord may mean rrothingto us and it may mean much: agreat deal depends on our spiritualcollaboration, based on internal ex-periences. Is not Hanrllet's answerto Polonius a subtle statement ofthis tl-rought ?

From the numerous lists sub-mittecl by many well-known writersancl educators I have taken theliberty of choosing the ten whichlrave slruck me as being the mostlovel)- : .

Tremulous lVlurmuringNevermore BeautyPenumbra l,{elociySerenity Tu'ilightGlarrrorous Tiorever

I herervith pass them on to myreaders, r,vith a feeling that they cando much better.

The fact, t1re1, 11.1 in sgmelower circles the material interestsof certain social classes unleashedopen conflicts and odious strugglesto the harm of the Italian name,u'as determined not so much bvthe fanlts of the ltalian elerrreni,as much as by economic an4 rnoralconditions in rvhich the heteroge-neous populations of differentraces found themselves.

The l\ew Books.:,:;ITA GARIBALDI. By G. Eu,tilio

J urattr,lo ; Il[ilan, Tre-ttes-Tre ccani-. rtntntinelli; 1932. 20 lire.

The n'orks of Giacomo Emilio Cu-:.:-l,o occUpy a very conSP1LuouS; --ie anong the . numerous publica-:: n! on the Italian Risorgimento., :-e author has made a special study-: :i're "Garibaldian 1egend," and his:< hours spent rummaging and

.-::ching through libraries, archives,"::1 private collections has not only.::-b1ed him merely to produce new- -'xn1ents, but these documents have.=:-ried to change hitherto acccpted--::ions on certain phases of the Ital-

::.:- Risorgimento.ir celebration, this year, of t1're final

:: 'rheosis of the transference of the:=:::ains of the wif e of Garibaldi to:---re to rest immortalized besides--: .e of the "Hero" on Janiculurn, by:-er of the head of the Italian Gov-

:::.nrent, Curatulo has procluced the:.: real biography of Anita, t1-re

:::."iden of the Brazilian l,vilds, who be-:.:::e the l'reroine of the Italian cause.l:e real figure of Anita had been. :::eshat shaded in the vcil of fancy. : .,f lcgencl and was more or less''::iqed by partisan or reactionary cyes., :- the basis of a great number of

::'.:ortant manuscripts and docuncnts,::..: oI thern hitherto unpublishecl,

'-::atulo recre:rtes, as it lvere, the true::--:-:acter and significance of this \,vo-r:--3:r. But u.ith all the documents:::td and involvecl the book should not:,-:,eal onl-v to the student or the.:.ciaiist, ar.rd certair.rly the elaborate:.:orical aplaratrls should not scare

-='.'. at the general readcr. The story- \nita u.ritten by Curatulo lcads':-. a novel. Thi., of coursc, is not'l:atulo's fault. 'l'he material for a

: i-el n'as in the varied and :rdventur-':. li{e of Anita.ln the n-ridst of the roving life ol

larrbaldi in Soutl'r America, fighting:r those swamps and forests for the:a'l.e of freeclorn, one day in 1839,; acing up and clolvn a smal1 vessel.:.:1irg along the sl.rore, he began to::ei the loneliness of his li{e. About::.i= time he had already u'ritten:

'I ltatl neaer d,reatnt of marriage ,

ttnd hacJ ,alulays reglardcd nty.relf astutsttited, to being a hu.rband, con.sid,er-ittgl tlnt I had, too itt,dcf endent a thar-o;t er, ond utas lnor.o'oer irre .ststiblydrawrt to o lif e of atiuenture.'To tne ,a t.ife ancl childrctr, seenr,ed an int-io.;sibility f or a nt,an zt,lto had con--,tcrated his life to a frittcifle, the.r11.c.s-r of 'rrhiclt-ltowevcr contflcteii tttittlft be 'could ncter le ot,e him theortietudc necessdt'j- f or bcin,o lht: fa-iher of a ftmily. Fatc liod decidctl;,tlterzti.re. The lo.r-r of Ltrili (Carni-r:lio'), Edoartlo ()l'[tttrtt\, attd otl.te rs,i nty countt^ymcn, Ieft me ulterl\r.rololcd; I fclt quite alone irt tlte..or\d.... I nccdtd a ltttnttrn, Iteurt lo

lote nte. one that I coultl heep a|zvaysneor nte. I felt tltat unless I fouttdon^e inrtnediately, ltt'c uowld beccttneintolerable... By chutt,ce I cast my eyestou:ard.r tlte house of the Barra, atolerably kigh hill on, tlt,e sottth sideof lhe enl rance lo lhe !agoon, zr;ltcre ,t

I rt.,t sintpla nttd pirlurcsq;re d'^ ellittgsrL,ere z)i.tible. Outsid,e orta of tltese, bytn,eans of tl'te telescofe I ttsually car-r,ied ttitk me 'LulTetr on dech, I espied,a Jroullg lvontan.) and fortltwith gaaeord,ers for the boat to be got out, a.rI u,islted to go ashore ."

The girl rvas Anita Riveira de Silva,eighteen, "clark features and hair,virile carriage and determined f ace,"r'vhose father had pron-rised l-rer innarri:tgc to a suitor whom she couldnot love. The na:eting rvas enthral-ling:

"14/e botk retnained, enraptu,red and,.rilent, gazin,g on one another lihe tu:of coile zuho nte et not f or the fir.rt tim,e,artd.sceh in eaclt, otker's faces som,e-tltin,rL r.thicl't, ntakes it easier to recalltlte forgottut pasL. At last I greetedhcr by sa.i-ing 'Tu d,ez:i es.ser ntia.'-'You slmll be rnin,e.'I cou,lcl sretthbtLt I;ttle Portttgttese, and uttered tltehold zt,cn'd,s in Italian. YcL m-t, in-solencc zt,os ntognetic. I hail f orm.etio, tie, frououttccd a dccree, dticltdeatlt alone cottld' (tirnul."

Frorr tbat ilonlcnt Anita follou'edfaithful1l. the star of her FJero; andf rorn 1839 to tl.re valiant clcf ence o{the Ronr.an Republic and the retreatto the nrarshes of the Po-f or te rr

J Cars- rlre Nas llrc 1r11,1'l cullll,ililionof her loved one, content to sl-rare rvithhim not on'11' the pricle and jov ofvictoly, but m ore, tl-re hardships ofthe long marches and the anguish ofdefeat. The ten years in which thelovers 1r:rssed fron.r the rl''i1ds of Bra-zil to the Eternal City are retraceCvery effectivell' by Curatulo and u.eare rr-r,acle to feel the grief of the Gen-eral that dav in the squalid room ofthe "fattolia" Guiccioli, q.hen

"There at the tnouth of tke Eridan,on the day ',r.&en, hopitt,g to dispu!ezaitk death, I pressed her pulse con't,u].siaely to connt it.s la.st beat.s, ia/ten,I tooh to myself her fleeing breotlnand drezt' ir,t with my lips h,er treutbl-ing sighs. AIa.t, I ztas ki.s.tinct the li1,-tof death.! ALq,r, I uos entbracing acorf se ! ... And' I zue !t tlt,c te ars ofd.es!ai,r."

From the 'wi1ds o{ Brazil to Jani-culunr, here, rvrites the author, "areall the elements of an epopce and ofa ror-rance of chir-alr].: heroic and pa-tient siegcs, fie1d battles. facc to faceskirmishes. single-handed clrrels, thirst,huneer, r,,rreariness, fever, deliriun-r, thechareic of horses after the manner o{llor:rce Vernet, oceanic telnpests aftef

the rlanner of Salvator Rosa; afterall this is the rvonderful idyli whichblosson-ied forth on the banks ofI-agun:1."

France sco Grilli

TIIL. STAGL1 1"t .tE". By Lee Simon'son. ly'erc' York: Llarcourt, Brace &Co. $5.

\{r. Simonson's book is a moderncounterpart of those old volumesrvhich promised on their title pages totell, let us say "of the antiquities andinonurnents of So and sosetshire, withreflections on the present state ofagriculture in the kingdom, to which:Lre added some anitnadvcrsions on theiate n-rarvelous occurrences whichastounded :r11 Christian men, and vari-ous and sunclry tales and adventureswhich will amuse and instruct thereader his family and v,'hich is to behacl of Jolrn Smith. . . ." The only dif-ference is that rve have lost the habitof such initial explication; in place ofthe oid custom we have substitutedone r,vhich is more in keeping withu'hat rve have taught about the psy-chologl' of advertising. Hence Mr.Sirnonson's qryptic "The Stage Is Set,"u'hich surely is an alluring title, beck-oning to a reader tired already per-haps f ron-r too much indulgence inbooks that explain rvhither civilizatiouis lr'encling and r'vhy, the menace (orprourise) of Sovict Russia, the atomand the unir.crsc around us. It is justtrossible th:,rt he m:r.y be disappointedby rvhat he fint1s behinci thc drapery ofthe present title u''here he may read,if 1re u.il1, of tnanl' things-of Greekphilosophv and Einstcinian space, ofNen' York real estate values and thestate of the arts. of hou' to direct ap1ay, of r.r'hat a fool Gordon Crarg isand hon this can be understood psy-cl'ro-anal1'tica111', and also of thehistory of st"ge setting fronr the Greektheatrle to our ou-n times. 'Ihis lastis excellent and in tll-o nratters: theinvestiture of a t1'pica1 medieval my-stery, and the iurportance of the l)ukeof Saxe-Xf einirgcn in the developmentof modern stage techniqlle, Mr. Simon-son hets, I believe, n'rac1e availablc inpopular {orm uaterial r'vhich is difficultio

^come upon otherrvise. It must beadded that the book contains a firstrate bihliography and an excellentchoice of illustrations langing in .cub-ject matter from pictures of the n'redi-eval staee to photogtaphs o{ some ofthe striking stage sets of toclzrv.

lihe style is too overblor'vn: tr{r.Simonson anparently wrote with theiclea that he u'ou1d give us a' book anda devilish fat book too. The result isa. tropical luxuriance of sentencegrou'thi the laborinq reader is glad torefrcsh himself at the Orinoco of thei1Irrstrations.

I am convitrcecl that tr'r-o cenlurie.'sfrom not' thev rvill raise monumerrtsin honor of the one rea11r' great tlan

177

17s

c)ur prese nt age produced-he rvho,dying, looked into the evc of the Al-rniglity arrd s;ri,l: "I have-ner cr iurii-ten a book, 1.1o, nor new-spaper articlerreither, though bl' your smiling youseenl lo s:r"]* scl." As for us, let useat, dlink, and read books. for to-morrow thcre r.r'ill be rnore books_

l)ovid, DriscolL

SONETTI , by G. G. Belli. Formissini,R,tnre, 2 Vols,, 272 plt, and 313-pp,,$1.50 ,er sel.

Thg variety of literature offered bythe various Italian dialects is perhapsunequalled. To properry apprcciatethese sonnets one must bear in mindthat romanesco, unique among Italiandialects, is the speech only of thecommoll(.r-. Thus, tli^rrilr Gold, riland Di Giacomo were able to expressbourgeois sentiments in Venetian andNeapolitan, and Bojardo was able tocofirpose delicate and almost aristo-cratic. lyrics in Lombarcl, rolmanescohas always been the vehicle for themesintimately connected with the life ofthe people.

_ Bclli is the poet of papal Rome. Irrhis sonnets he has left a monunrcntto the Rornan popolino of the thirtiesand_ forties-to its customs, usages,prejudices, superstitions. Every typeaulong the citizens, from the lowermiddle class down. has his parl thes.torekeeper, the servant, the priest,the comari, etc. Manv of the son-nets are satirical comments on sonteamusing situation, from the morrth ofsome witty conmoner. The satire isas bitine. as rohust. as vigorous as isto be found anywhere in igth cen-tury Italian literature. And the clergy,as usual, come in for a good share--oiit.

Tyoical of Belli's wit and excellenceof form is the sonnet entitled Li Beati:

Nrun d che nun ce sieno beatiDegni e stradegni de fi un passo

at anti :

Er paradiso sbrt\llica de frati

ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1933

Che mdreno de voja d'esse santi.

Nun d ch'er Papa se li sia scordati,Come se scorda de li nostri pianti:Chd anzi, doppo avdlli processati,Vorria cannonizzalli tutti quanti.

La raggione che ancora 1i tid addietroNe la gloria celeste e Ia gran spesaDe la funzione che ce vd a San

Pietro.

Eccolo er gran motivo, poverini:La miseria. E li Santi de ia ChiesaNun se pdnno crei senza quattrini,

The compiler, Giorgio Vigolo, hasdone some excellent work in arrang-ing the sonnets chronologically in tlvovolumes and in annotating the dif-ficu1t passages.

Anthony M. Gisolfi

IIEIIOIC DAYS A},iD OTHL,.RPOEMS. By Jantc.r C. I'-. Gcngo. 770lage.r. Eeastern. Printing Co., Brook-lyn. N. Y.

Th:s volume of verse by an assist-ant professor in English in St. John'sCollege in Brooklyn ccrtainly containsu'iCely varied themes: religion, 1ove,nature, current evcnts, Ita11', literature,art. Scores of verse forms are alsou.cd, sor-ne of the subjects are transla-tions from the F-rench. Italian andSpan;sh, a fcrv are actually in Italian,and for good measure, the book in-t:lucles a section of prose and r.oetrv tothe memory of the Right ReverendJoseph \{cNan-ree.

The author in his foreu'ord gives aclue to the natrrre of the contents thus:"In the poetns here offered, I hrvetried to point out some of the rvorth-lvhile things I have observed in ac-tual men and lvomen. . . . Thci content-plation of a noble life, of an extra-ordinary event, the revelation ofhumble rvorth in hidclen lives-allthesc are the things responsible fortheir u'riting." Certairrly the versesare not lacking in sincerity and astrong faith in the inhcrcnt goodnessof men.

UMBRIAN LANDSCAPE(.Suggested. by a phrase used i,n a lecture

by Prof essor Alf onso d,e Salaio.."L'Llnrbria che fa pensare a Di,o").

A pref ace by Walter V. Gar.igan,also of St. John's College, iinks theauthor rl'ith the traditior-ralists of thelate 1Sth anc1 eariy 1911-r centuries, andsays in conclusion: "It may be a littlevolunrc, but there are those rvho can-r.rot help but love it."

THE AIIT OF TIID. FOIL, bt, LuisiRarbasetti.275 pagcs. Net York: E.P. Dutton & Co. 1nr. $5.00,

"The Art of The Foi1" really con-tains tno boohs .,r'ithin 1ts co\ ers, fornot onll- does Luigi Barbasetti ex-lrouncl his theories on the art oI thefoil, but he also includes a short his-tory of fencing as the second part. Thea-nthor has conrpeted in nnan1" totlrna-nrents throughout Europe, ha-s taughtat the Italian Fencing \Iasters'School in Rorre and the Ar-rstro-Hun-garian Central F-encing School atVienna. arrd he r\ ai a I,rivate inslruc-tor in Paris.'lhe "fleuret" (French foil) is ig-nored almost completely, as theauthor sees it only as a recreation and1.re der-ries its efhciency as training forserious combat. The heavier and morebusinesslike spacla (Italian foil) there-fore is the \veapon rvhich Signor Bar-hasetti implies i'n "The Art of TheFoil." It differs from the French\lreapon chiefly in the form of the hilt.Thc.rfad,a has the characteristic ltal-ian crossbar ancl arches.

For the follorver of the foi1. l.hetherit be the Italian srddo or tl.re Frenchef e e, this book rvil1 be s'ell l'orth histime. It is a practical guide and ex-plains the general theory of the usaEsof tlre foil. TIre text is l-ell il rrsrrated*'ith nrany line-cuts and half-tones.

Thc short history of fencing takesin tl're past forrr hLrndred 1'ears: start-ing orrt rvhen ils original aim l.:rs therlrrel arrd thc srrbsequent .nortinBtendencl. rvhich gradualiy delelopedu'ith the passinq of decades, until it isnorv recognized nrainly as a sport andoffered thror.rgl.rout otrr schools andcolleges as a means of ph1-sical dev-elopn'rent. y. .1. x[.

These hills lvere shapen by angelichands,

Dr"camcd of in heaven first, laid downwith love

Along the llmbrian plains, unrolledr'r,ith praise.

The sky bends 1ow to bless their per-fectness.

-W'ho loohs on Umbria retnetnbersGod.

The rivers smile into unsullied skiesAs rir.ers r:Ln beiore the1, rnirrorcd

sin.l'he {lor'vers are {lowers let fall from

Paradise,Not risen from the beggared earthly

sod.So fed St. Francis on the Um;brian

hills,And drerv unto his soul the dream of

God,

lri'onr ther suave slopes ancl everlastingsky,

And bole the splendor to unlovelier.lands.

Then. Perugino, breatl-ring the cleara1r,

Gave all the bea'uty to his blessedbrush

Fronr er.ery flor,ver and evcrv florr,'er-like face,

And_ every glint of heaven along thehills.

Out of the Umbrian hills the ,laudi,rose

From throats athrob with ecstasv ofpraise.

\\/ho comes to sco{f remains at lastto pray.

Even Carclucci bows his skeptic head.

-W/ho l.ooks on Umbria r'emembersCod.

JULIA C. ALTROCCIII

The ltatians in the Ilnited StatesTHE PRESS

A contost which sceks the ten mostbeautifui rvords in the Italian languagchas been inaugurated by the "Corrie-re D'Anrerica" of Nerv York. The con-test rvill run throughout the nronthof Januarl' t'ith thrce prizes to beawarded to the rvinner. Iiirst prizen'il1 corrsist of $25, second prize $15,and third $10.

fhe conr,tnittee that r,r'i1l pass judg-mcnt on the entries is composed of :

Gr. tlff. Generoso Popc; Prof. AlfonsoArbib-Cost:L of City College; Prol.Giuseppe Prezzolini of Columbia Uni-versity; Prof. Vittorio Ceroni of Hun-ter Collcge; Dr. Leonard Covello ofNew York University; Dr. RinaCiancaglini of Washington IrvingHigh School; Miss Anita AngelinaSeveso of New Utrecht High School;Prof. Arrtonio Calitri of p. S. 45; Da-niele Nicatri of Roosevelt HighSchool; Dr. Peter Sarnmartino otWashington E,vening High School;Prof. Alessandro Ausili of For-dhamIJniversity.

In an editorial appearing in a re-cent issue of the "Italian E,cho" o1I'rovidcnce, R.. 1., Aiexancler Bevilac-qua decries the lack of co-operationamong Italian societies. He believesthe tendency is against centralizationas individual clubs and socicties springup, each proclaiming absolute inde-pendence and autonomy. Mr. Bevi-lacqua illustrates with the Italian Re-lief Conrnittee of Rhode Istand, which,1,o him, has practically ccased to func-tion bccause of the indifference of or-ganized bodies which are supposed tobe interested in public rvclfare.

'Ihe editorial goes on to sa1', "TheRelief Corrnaittee is one of the veryfew such urrdertakings u'hich has notended up in sone sort of scandal.E,very ccrrt irrtrusted Io i1- care rvasadministered honestly and ef ficientlyand its Boarcl of Directors made acomnrenclatrle record of unselfish ser-vice. \\iithout any ballyhoo, moneywas distributecl to needy fanilies all]ast rr irrter until thc [ur']d rvds ex-haustcd. Appcals to the fifty or moreorganiz:rtions rvhich r.r'ere representeclon the Executivc Comrrittee lverenrade in vain. Today the org.l.\riza-tior-r, or.r papcr, is still strong ancl rc-presentative. But it is difficult to ex-p1a"in tl're lack of enthusiasm. It is asad state of :rffairs. Clubs u'il1 ini-tiate basket funcls and ail kincls orcharitl' drives. but they will not ran.part irr a rcall_v corrnrrrnity lror,^-i-tion rvhich rnea,ns fair:rncl equitabledistribution of the things that so manypeople need in these times of strcss.It is a strain of stubborn pride andindiviclualisnr that has a1*avs nradeof our cornmunily a Jrouse divided."

Rumors r,vhich have been f lyingthick and fast tl-rese past months tvithregard to a nerv Italian daily r-reu's-paper in \Iew York City again havebeen augmented. This time word isout that there will be published an-

othcr clailf in this cit-v and that it lvillbe in linglish, cncleavoring to reachthe na-ss of Italo-Americans u'ho arenot so r.vel1 :rcquaintecl $.ith thc Ital-ian langnagc. 'lhe publisher, accolcl-ir.rg to the rurror, s'i1l bc Gr. Uff ,

Gencroso Pope.

Leading athlete of the year(Su "Spartr")

"La l'ribLrna Italiarra," weekly news-paper published in Dallas, Tex., has,...vith its Jartrary 1st issue, entered in:ts trierrtierh 1car. The occasion wasmarkecl with a special anniversarynunrber.

RELIGIONRev. Ernest D'Aquila, pastor of Our

Lady of Mt. Carmel Church ofNer,vark, N. J., has been elevatcd re-centh' to the rank of l{onsignor.

Father D'Ac1uila is well knon'n foriris devotion to the bctterment of theItalians in the Ironbound section. Her.as born in Ar.inchiaturo, Plovinccof Car.npobasso. I{e studied theology:Lt Boiano atrd r,r':rs ordained at SanSevero. Fatl-rer D'Aquila then taughtat thc Frer.rch College , ancl later he*.as a prof essor of music and F rencrrat '-he thi'ological seminary in Boiano.

In 1893 Father D'Ac1r-rila becanre af-filiated \'r'ith the Newark Diocese andirr 1894 he was made pastor of OurLad1. of \'ft. Carnel Church.

On December 13 r'as celebratcd thefiitieth year of Rev. P. (liulio \{oscati,pastor of the X'Iaclonna clel CarmineChurch o{ Jersey City, N. J. ManYf .iencls and admirers gath ered inthe auditorium of the church therethey lvere errtertained by Cav. Edoar-do X'Iigliaccio, better known as "Far-fa rie11 o."

l'he chairman of thc con-rmittee inch:rrge of the ceiebration rvas Atty.Francesco Verga.

Rev. Valentin<; PanizzoT| pastor oftire Battista de1 Salvatore Church oiDetroit, N{icl'r., now couducts religiousservices both in trnglish and Italianevcrv Sunclay afternoon at threeo'clock over radio station WJBK. Fa-ther Panizzoli is assisted by the cho-rus of his church.

Election of officers was held lastrnonth by the Italian Catholic Unionof Nern'' Jersey. William Riciglianowas re-elected presidcnt for theeleventh consecutive time. Otherselected were: Joseph Cocozza, vice-prcsident; Sanruel R. Verniero, finan-cial secretary; Joseph Chirico, record-ing secretary; X'Iichale Capetta, trea-surer; Salvatore Rosania, inner guard;Nicholas Vitielio, trustce f or threevcars; \{ichael La Rossa, trustec fort\4'o years; Joseph Soriano, trustee forone year; Michael A. Castellano, 1ega1advisor; NIsgr. Joseph Perotti, spirit-ual ciirector.

The fourteenth annrversary of theItalian Cathoiic Women's Associationrvas reccntly celebrated by the groupin the auditorium of the San FranciscoSchool in Cambridge, Mass., duringwhich time the inauguration of a ju-rrior seclion tool< place.

Clfficers of the junior group are:\{ary A. Di Guglielmo, president; El-vira l-abrizio, vice-president; PhyllisDi l,a11o, sccrctary; Mary Vassella,treasurer. The niembers of the newlyf orned section were received bv thepresident of the Association, AnnieCiampi, and by the director of theaffair, Jennie De Vito.

Last nont!'r a benefit dinner andda.nce r.r'as given on board the liner"Roma" by the Committee of the Sa-cred Heart-s Churcl'r of Brooklyn, N. Y.

I'Ions. Alfonso Arcese, in behalf ofthe cornmittcc, r,l'elcomed the rrtanynotables present, among whom wereComm. Antonio Grossardi, ItalianCor.rsul {or Ncrv York City, accom-par-ried b1. X'{rs. Aclelaide Grossardiancl \'{iss ;\clriana Grossardi; Ilcnt vl{esterbergi President of Brookl}'nBorougir; Aldernran Flarrk Cunning-ham; Hon. Sylr'ester Sabbatino; JudgeX{ichele Ditore.

Rev. Giuseppe Congedo w:rs recentlynanecl a Chevalier of thc Order ofthe Crou,n of Ita1y.

SPORTS

The highest sports honor that canbe won by any athlete in this countrlhas 1-reen arvarded to t1-rat colorfulItalo-An-rerican golf champion-GeneSarazen. At the close of e:rch )'earthe Associated Press conducts a na-tion-lvidc' po11 among sports editorsand r.vriters as to their choice ot theoutstanding athlete of the year.

t79

I80

Gene Szrrazen's twin trium.phs in theA.merican and British Open Cham-p.ionsl'rips, n,ith a recorcl clisplay ofshotmaking skill under pressure, ivith-stuorl llrc r.iva1r.y uf urir srerrding per_1,)rillauces in cvery ficld of aclion in_clrr,lirrg thc Ol.nr1ric Carrres. Srrazenre('erved onc.fi[th oI t]tc lotal votescast_ to placc hinr I,vay ahead of hisrivals, sorns of lvhonr ivere Ellsrvorth\-irres,_ E,ldie Tolarr, Jirrrnry Foxx. Jim.tsau.< Ir. Brll Carr arrd Belre Ruth.

-

.Tony ( rnzoneri, l)ol,ular iiuhtu.ciglrtclralltplon ol llre world, vVas ar,r.ardcdterth l,lace irr tlrc l,oll.

Sarazcu lot only \\.on lhe major!olf chrrul'ionshil,s ol rhe yrur.but hcals( s(t record: irr both events. Hiswirrr.ring scorc of 283 to win the BritishOpcn cr:rckccl the record of thc 6tt-lcar-old chlrrrrpion.hip by rt.u strukes.5arilz( ll l,ial ,.,l llrirtcqrr slrol<es urrdcrIar fol th, 72.lrole iourrrer'. I o winlire Arrrcric;rn (Jl,cn- the it,,lo-An,"r-icarr lrcrfornrerl rr.hal snorts rr,.riterscalicd :t "rrriraclc.' \c,.cling a b8 onlris firr;tl ruund in or.rls; 1o t ie plrilI'erkir.rs ancl Bobby Cruickshank rvhohacl finishectr before hinr, he turnecl ina 66-the mosr rcrnarkable finish inthe history of golf.

Following is a list of Italo-Arnericanathlctes rvho won or retained chanr_lriorrships in 7932.

Joc Falcalo - bowling

- \\rorlcl'snr;tlclr ganlc clrarnlrln11511i1r; N irlret\\ olgir_--l - boxrng _ [|yrr.eiglrt clr:Llt_

l)l"lt; I on] ( tnzorlrri - l,,,xirrg _rillrtu. iglrt clrantl,iull; Lolr S;tiicr _anlat,lt,' l,oxin- - ll2 l,uurrrl clra1,_Itrorr: I-rr.d ( rtscrin _ ;.rrraterrr Lox_llF^.- 160 pound clan,piori; F"t"D'Alcss:rndro

- -intercolitgiaie box_ing -- 112 porrncl charnlrion;"l.,ir,o,"A.c, lt:r -.cit-1ilrS - J E-orrrrt.. itc(.ilrilc)Lr.;r.tl Lr rl rlct ilv acr.llr-ir(.\ clrarrtr,jori_ships; llugo C.astello

- schoiasticfer.rcing

- f oils charliriolshilr; a;;;Sarazen _ . golf

- Lluiiccl St"i", up""

:rrrJ Briti-h e1,s1r c111rn1,i6,,.1,i1,. r,lt6,rf.\,1 :ncru - g"ll - \\ c.rche.t,.. ,,T,"ilcllrtrll'lultslill': Jost,l,lr Ilcr.nl;, _ goif.-Nlctrnl,oiiurrr public )irrk5 c)rarrrl,ion;Lln.|tril tolnlilo _ tr.ack 60_5-arr1clash: tr{ich:rei Pecor:l

- tt.acl< _ or,"_rtrilc rvalli,: Joe Fiorito - weight lift_itrfi

- _118 pourrd championship; {n-thonv 'l'erlazro - rr,ei!ht 1if tinfa

-_132 pound championshif'; J"..rrli- Sn_I.,ffa r)alionrl \\reslliile l.urncJ

-I2.'l. l,orrnd ch;lrrri)ion l.orris Corrti -r)AtrnrlLl \\ r\'stlir,{ lourllel ilgl,ound chan)liuil..Italians rvho rr,on title in the Olyr-n_pic Gar.nes are Attilio pazesi, .l.ii"e;

Cttstav,,_ \larzi. [encing: Ciarrcarjor.arn;retlir-\lc{lic;. icnciiig; Ronroo.\crr. A_vr,rra:lics: Srviub Crrglicl_nretl i, gynrnzistics ; Luigi n.il"fl,track.

At llrc cl.s, oi ihe rr.;dir.,)n srlr5orlTartnu. Tl:rlirn ncrr.l,elrr rs seler.t ell-llalta-n_ iontlr211 1a-,,n.. 'fhe ..(,azertede1 X{assachussets,' oI no.tori' f.ro.an'ardcd _llaccs on the rrl,,thica1 elcvento tht.{ullou irrl': Tosi. Uo.t^,, C.ti"e;,arr,l C;'ito ,F Brorr rr. ends: Cr,.n.lr,( o'ut_trlrir. ;-rr,1 1 iao1, t1x, fIaltltxlLail,Lllar'li: S, hirx'l;. Nnrr., f);rtrrc, errdl'errl'r,, (-ulrrrrrhi:r. laclile:: Del i.ola,l:.r.ll','n'. cclleT: Bl,,nlrrrro. Blnrr rr.llonzrn j. Xllrrlrrntlc. \ ir i:rno Co,n"ii,:trrrl lllorLlli, Sr. -NIarr'-. Lecl:.

ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1933

^ Joseph E. Buonanno, of providence,R. 1.. lras hccn elected calrain of theBrown ('niversity football ream otlgJJ. Buonanno. for the last twoye:rrs, was a regular in the Brownbackfie1d.

Xlicl'rael Fasco has been elected cap-tain of the 1933 eleven at St. Law-rence Co llege.

._The Dul<c of Spo)elo, courin of the.Kin( oI I raly arrd tre5idcnt oI rlreltnliarr I\lorolLroating Federation, nraycolrlpete in the Harmsworth speed-boat races this year if the Italian gov_ernntrent authorizes thc use of itsSchneider (.up airplane motors rn asi reedb uat.

_ Attorney J oscph A. Scolponetri, ofBoslon, \\as recerrlly electej presirientof the.\dvi.or1- Board oI Arhler;cs ai-Bosto:r College.

In tlrc r,nly trade irr u lriclr an Ttalo_.\rncrical ba.ebail nlayer figurcd dur_lng. thc \4 u)tcr lrxdes. Cus tr[encuso.utrlit]'cltchrr rvirlr tlre Sr. Louis Car_rlinals, next April rvill rvear the uni-{orm of the Ncr,r' York Giants. fi lsexJrected that l-re rvill be the regular.catcher u'ith his new teanr.

BUSINESS, PROFESSIONALAND OCCUPATIONAL

.The Bronx Italian \{edical Frater_rrity I're1d its annual dir-rner-clance-'iis.month in the Roof Garden of theHotel Astor in Neu' york._The gtrests of honor \\rcre: Gr. LIff.Cr ne-o:u. P,:nl_, Han. J. t.",,r"iro;li:rlo (;Lr'o Felbo: Hnn. Allrcr.lo Vr_talc; P:ru1 Rao; Dr. Irilippo Caisola.

dent: Dr. Louis J. Cassano and Dr.irnold -A. Costabile, vice-presidents;?-.. P. \V. Casson, treasurer; Dr. G.H. PetLi and Dr. L. A. Volino, se_cre ta ric s.

For the sccond time within a com-paral ivel_v 5ltorl period of tinrc theUntte(l States last rnontlr rvas accortledthe privilege of witnessing the nroclerntrend irr Irali:rn.hipbuildirrg when the"( ontc di Savoia" nrajesrically an_chored in the Hudson River. Like itsl,redece,ssor. tlrc. "Rex," rhe,,Conte diJavora ct'eated a fur.ore antong thcnatives of this country and the'ihou_s:rnds oI Italo-Arnericjns, witla ttrc re_sult that long lines of- the curiousrvaited many hours in order to wrtnessthe latest in transatlantic luxury.

The "Corrte di Savoia,' r,vith its gyro-stabilizers rtrarks the seconcl inrpor-tantexpe.riment that modern Italian ship-builders havc undertaken. Not many1'ears back the "Augustus,, n,atl1unch9.{_ as . rhe largrst nrotor -sllipafloat. -l he st,ir-it oi iniiiarive rvas againrn_ the Irolt r,r hen the slabilizers rrlcrcplaced in the "Conte cii Savoia;, iomake it the u.or1d's first and only pai_se_nger ship afloat u,ith this plant.Those rvho crossecl on this line.'weiee_nthusiastic over the manner in rn,hicl-rthe shi1, rode the roughcst scas.

\\-hilc rlr(.liner u.ai anchored hereit lva_s the scene of mauy dinners and-socials. .The Italiar-r Welfare Leagueof this _cit1' gave a ber-refit ..rpp., ur.,,ldance during lr-hich a ,ra.ieO proe.ri,\\:is f resetltcd to t hc nrany nolablcsprescnt. \,Irs. Antonio Grossarcli andI{iss_ Adriana Grossarcli, wife anJdaugl'rter of thc ltalian Co,,su1, s"rveJon the_cornmittee. llonorary patrorrs\\'cre llrs _Phili1, di Cioriio, [[r s..lolrrr CL.rli. Dorrrr;r Clrri.liarr:r'l orania.I)onrra Ilariria Tor.i;rrra, XIi.s Ni;; pe_r-?.r?, tr{iss Bettina X.fartinelli, X,,Iisseigiull;r LJerrclle. arrd -\li-- fforio U"_\ e-cuvr. Oth r corrrnrillecs \\ereheadcd by Count ancl Countes, iip_pico, ancl X{rs. !-nr,anuel Aufiero.

Barrli, rs an,l busil, .: lr(,r \\ trre llr!.guests of Dr. I{on]olo .\trgelotre, com-rnercial attache at the Italian'Enr_l,:15-\'ilt \\'aslrirrgtorr, at a lrrlcltcorr onlroer,l tlre "(.n1(.Di Srr.uilr." irr hunoroI C(.rcral C. lrrxi:rnrri. clircc'o,.gen-er-al of the Italian X'Icrchant x',Iarir.r.,ancl Adrniral G. Vannutelli of the Itallian Nav1,'. Anrong the guests rvereConsul Generai Antcnio Grossardi;fol NI. Scrreri: (-a1,rrin AnrorrioLerra:. J. E. Cr.;Lnc, denrrtr gcrrerel oftltr lrdcral Reser.r'c B:irrk irr NervYork; \\i. W. FIoffnran, vicc-presidentof the National City Bank; Di. B. An-ti_"-llg", of .thc Chase National Bank;\\'ri1lianr Ricl'rnroncl Jr., of the Guar-anty Trust Conrpany; Eclgar Chap-1>elea.r, of the B ankers 'l'rust Com-1,arrr': Fltrrl< \\'richt. oI L, e. Hi;;i;-.orr & ( n.: (-orrrnr. \. I'or-ttolio, presi-dcnt of the Bank of Sicily TrLrst Co.;Josepl-r Gerli, presidcnt oi E. Gerli &Co.; Silo liusi, president of the BancaComnrrerciale Italiana Trust Co.: Ho-rner I.ou ,r'r; \V. H. Wli11.; Gr. L f F.

fis11qs,,-o f61,r ; Con,rrro,lo,.c Saccr-dotc; Dr. Benianriuo Dc Ritrs.

'l'he Italian Chan-rbcr of Comnerceentertainccl ntorc than :10{) guests at aluncheon on boarcl ti-re "(_ontc Di Sa-.,'oia." Itaiian acln.rirals :lnd nrenrbersof tl're I lalian nobility ancl E,uropcanIttrl -\rrreric;.r ne\\. jna.,errr.u, irll of\\h,'nl ilta(le tlrc cros.irrg, as rrell as

Luigi Beccali(Sil ', Spart")

Prcsirlent of the Association of Italianfh.r'iciair..i_lr .\rrer-ica: Dr. Ar.;;;"1;l-irr. lr, ci'1. 'rt ol thr .\-.o.jarioii o]Italian Ph1'siciar-rs ir-r X.",urf.; .iuag"D-e I-uca; L)anicl Scocorra: Ciu.'5.fl. l'irro.: I'. .\lileri: Horr. (

"f ,onieri;

I )l'. (,, lrrcr-itali.'lhe conrnrittee in charge of the af_fair tr::Ls coniltosed of Drs. '.1'otero, Al-r.ich. (,-ostabile, Cassano, petix, \ro-iino, :ut 11 Ircltr.

\\ihilc the Brorx Itaiian XledicaiFraten]itr- is one of Lhe ]'oultgest suchgrour)s in the citr. it :rlrc:rdv numbers,,\ ct l \\ n lrrtr:,lr', ,l t,'c:',1,, r.--. I hC Oi-ficers :ire: Dr. A. J. Giorclano. presi-

civic olficials and representatives ofl:rt.irrc.., l,atriotic arrrl civir' .ocielics,\verc alrong thc guests. Arr.rong thoseirresent were : Cav. Uff . Ercole H.Locatelii, presiclent of the ch:rmber;Consul Gcncral Antonio Grossardi;!-:icc-consul Cav. Dr. Antonio Logo-luso; General G. Ingianni; Aclriral G.V:rnnuteJli; Co1. Guido Barb:rnti'I'o-irrasi Amatori; FIon. Cipriano Oppo;Hon. Franco Ciarlantini; Comn-r. C.Sacerclotc; Capt. Antonio Lena; RoyalConunissioner Dr. Corrnr. DemetrioBornbelli-B:r1de11i; Dr. Frerlerick B.Robinson; Corrn. Giusclrpe CosLrlich;Cornm. Angclo I{uspini, and Col. Dr'.('otr,:ri. I[' riggio Srrr:11i.

Last nronth, under tire auspices ofthe Colunrbus Hospitals and of the It-alian lf is-tolical Society of Nerv York.Prof . li-cclerico 13 occhetti, SecretaryGeneral of tfie National Italian liascistFe<leration in tl-re fight against tuber-culosis, spoke on the rvarf:rre the Ital-ian govclnnrent is -rvaging against thedeadly disease. The conference washelcl at Colurrrbns IJospital. Presentat the conferencc tvere Dr. trilippoCassola. head of the trIedical Boardof Colurnirrrs Hospital; Professors,\.tr'Iiller :rnd Larrbert of Coluilbia Uni-versity; Dr. Caryllos of Corncll Uni-versity; Connn. \\rillianr Searnan Bain-briclge; Consul General Antonio Gros-s:rrdi.

Prof. Fedcrico Bocchetti, s'ho isprofessor oi hl.giclrc at the t.nilersitr-of R ome, ancl director of the largestItalian nrilitary sanitarium. located atAnzio, c:rrrrc to 1llii coLlrrtrv in rc.-ponse to an invitation from rhe Rockc-fcller l-oundalion, fol the prrrpose ofexpressing tl-re Italian scirntific pointof vierv irr the heid oi inedicine. Dur-ir-rg his stay in thc United SLatcs 1lespoke at the Llnior-r Leasne Club ofNerv York, at a dinrrer iir l.ris l.ronorgivcn by C-'omrranc',er \\-iiliam SeamanBainbridge.

LInder the chairmanship of JudgeEugene V. Alessandroni, Philadeiphia'sCircolo Jtaliano also feted and paidhorrrage to Prof. Bocclretti.

The Airrerican Institute oi ElectricalEngineers has reccltll' conferred theE,dison \'{edal ior 1932 to BancroflGherardi of i{elv Yor1t, r'ice-presidentar-rd head ellgineer of the ArncricanTclephone and I'elegraph Com'panv,for his contribution to "the nrechanicaldevelopnrent of the telephone and oft:lectrical commurricatiori."

The Italian Chan-r:ber of Commerceof Cl-ricago last month celebrated itstrventl--fift1-r annir.ersar-v rvitl-r a dinnerat the Hotel Belclen-Stratford. Vari-ous speakers pointed out the stridcs{orwarcl iakcrr b1' the Charnber duringi1s existence. Anrong the guests othonor r'r'ere Consul Ger.reral Castruc-cio; Vice-Consul Car'. Deli'Agnol; At-tornev Giorgio Spa"trzza; EngineerButera; Attorre-v Brizzolara; Gr-. Uff.Altonio I-agorio.

Dr. Antonio Favazzo of Providencc*.as rccently appointed to the facultvof TLrfts IIc,lic:rl School.

Ernest F'ronzuto r.as elccted chiefof the \Vest Paterson, N. J., fire dc-|artn1c11t last nronth.

TI]D ITAI-IANS IN TFIE UNITED STATES

Dr. Arcangeio Liva of Nerv Jerseyrvas honorccl 1a,qt rronth by beingnra.de a nrenr5cr of the Anrerican Coi-lcg- ',i Sur5leorrr Jl il s conventjon inSt. LoLris. Dr. Livzr- is a nrernber ofthe J*amining \{edical Council oIlltrg11r Jcrse]., ancl s-as presiclent of theCorrncil cluring 1930.

The sccorcl annual CornrnunionBreakfast of tl.re Gens Romana Societyof St. John's Llo1lege, Borough HallDivision, n-as helcl rccently at the

Joseph A, Singarella(Su "turinr:, PruJesianal and 0a*pational")

Hotel B o s s ert in B ro o1i1yn.Among thc guests of honor rvere Rev,Fr. Eclu''ard J. Walsh, Dr. George Ma-teson, Professors Dr'xon, \{cDermot:,Lynch, Tnrner, \frs. Robinson andProf. Luigi Sorrieri, and the moderator--Prof. James Gengo.

l-he con'rmittce included llarry Bur-so, \[ar1* Restivo, Joscph Contiguglia,and Emil Astarita.

Joseph A. Singarella, Boston con-tractor, has reccived official notifica-tion from Italy that the King hasar'varded him the decoration of I{nightof the lloyal Crorvn of Italy.

August 3rd h:rs been set aside by theof ficials of tl-re Worlcl's Fair to behelcl in Chicago as "Italian Day."

Before a grollp of veterans Prof.Ii. Santini, representative of tl-re Ital-ian Line, spoke on "Italy on the Seas."Cor-rsu1 General Conrm. tr'fanzini lvasalso present at the conference, whichlvas held in San Francisco last nronth.

Joseph Di Giorgio, presiCerlt of theDi Giorgio Fruit Corporation, hashecn clected chairnran of a new uniilecently folrued nhen tbe ConnollyAuction Colrpanl', r,vhich l-rad beenpart of the Di Giorgio Corporation,mergecl u-ith the Inclepenclent FluitCorporation.

Thc Di Giorgio Corporation is theseconcl largest colnpany in the gror'v-ilrg. packing, and transportation ofitruit ir.r tlre rvorld.

PUBLIC LIFEAndrew A. Casassa cron'nec1 trvcnty-

fir'e 1.gns5 of public lifc by settlng aprececlent in ihe citl' of Revere, X,Iass.,

181

.,r,hcrc hc rvas recently elected to theinayoralty for tire third time. MavorCasassa had been dcfcatcd for theI{epublican nonrirration, but he ran asan inclepenclent and rvas re-elected:r.Itcr a hectic canrpaign.

Eariy in J anuary His ExccllcncyAugusto Rosso, ncrvly appointcd Ital-ian Anrb:Lssador to the Llnited States,t'il1 crrrbark for this country to [akeup his cluties at \Vasl-rington.

The Italian Ilistorical Socictv re-ccutly gave a dinner at the Hotel St.I\{oritz in honor oI the Consul GeneralAntonio Grossardi :rnd his family.'l'hose r.vho addressed the large gather-ing rverc Dr. Giuseppe Prer.itali, Har-o1d Lord Varncy, Prof. Bruno Roselli,Gr. UIT. Generoso Pope, Judge J.Jireschi, Juclge S. (-otillo, Dr. IIortari,Dr. 13ainbriclge, and Cornrnissioner E,d-l'rrd ( orri.

A movcnretrt to support Joseph A.'Ilomasello for mavor of Boston at thenext city clcctior-rs r,vas given irrDetusl:rsl rrrorrtir rrlr, n leprescnlativcs of 22civic a.n11 political organizations of Bos-ton gathered :it the Arncrican llouse:r-nd adoptccl a plan of action ii Mr.Tomasello announces his candidacv.Aniello lrrrperato rvrrs irr c)rargc ol tlieaffair. Among the spe:rkers rvere At-tomey Williatn Darniano, John Kem-rick, Frank J. N{acchia, WilliamBurns, and Nicholas \{estiori.

Ermanno Ar:llLo, llte lre\v IlalianClonsul Gcneral of Nelv E,ngland, earlylast nronth paid a call upon MayorCurley of lloston. The ner,v consul rvaspresentecl r-ith one of X{avor Curley'sfarnous biackthorn sticks.

Early this nronth T. I{. Palumbou'ill take up his ncr,v duties as As-sistant 1)istrict Attorney oI Dallas,illexas.

Michele De Ciantis of West \\rar-ll-icl<, l\{ass., has been appointed As-sistallt Attorney General of Boston.

Consul General Pio X'Iargotti ofPhiladelphia lr.as honored recently bythe Circolo Dar-rte Alighieri at a din-ner. The glests of honor u'ere Comm,\rincenzo (iiordano, Atty. Bartilucci,District Attorney Keliy, Atty. JosephDe Vjto. Judge E. Alessandroni, Vice-consul Salati, ancl Senator Trayner.

Dr. P. Spinel1i, \iice-consul ofNeu':lrk, N. J., rvas the guest of honorat a banqrret given by the ItalianCommunity Center of Jcrsey Citv lasrrnonth. 1'he committee in charge wascomposecl of John Barbera, Rosario.\ita, Saverio l-orello, Rornualdo Ono-r':-rto, anrl l,eon:irdo Ippolito.

Anthony L. Vena, of Jersey City,was rccently macle a Cavaliere Uffi-ciale b1' His ldajesty the King oII taiy.

Commissioner of Inrrnigration Ed.rvard Corsi n':rs honored rvith a dir.rnerlast nr onth by tl-re Adnrinistratir-cCorrrrcil of the Italian \\rclfare Lcagrre.Consul General Antonio Grossarcli ar.Lc1

trfrs. Grossardi rvere invitecl gue,sts ofhon or at the clinr-rer, r',,hich rvas l'LeliIat Zucca's in Nerv York Citv.

182

Judge Jos.ph Calanzaro has recentlylaken un his rrew duties on the bencho-f the St. I.,ouis Court of CriminaiCorrection Div. No. 2.

__.Consul General Count Rogeri diVillanova of Ottawa was the gir..t oflr9no1 a.t. a banqrret recenrly heicl ar tn.Hotel \Virr<lsor- of thet iitv. LuieiBclmonte actcd zrs toastmaster.

Attorney Arrlhorry Saeli has beenrrantcd tu succecd Dr.. J. F. Valone orr',hc.Jarnestowr, N. y.,-Board of Fuh_Irc \V eifare.

_The Societa' 'l'ripnli Mar.inai Itaiianiol L'rovidencc last month galhered ata banque t in l-ronor of D. tnomas Te_sla. recrn rly _clected to the State Legis_lature of Rhotje Island. The newhelccrcd_ Secrt.rary of State, Louir- W.(-:rpn.1li.

.adriressetl thc gathering. In!!nte. .of rhc comnritref *us H"tphJrlnonellr.

.Inhabitants of Wheeling, West Vir_ginia, _were visited recentlv t v Con*tCav. Doctor Nlario Caro-.si .t g;[l_luore. Aftcr a tr.ip around the city alu-nclt.con \^as s(,rved at the residenceo[. J sidoro Pcri]li. Corresponding Con-sut oi. \\ heeling. with the toilowing inaltendance: Cav. Iannarelli; Dr. Fiiri;T. Celrrrano: Auornev p. Cr*lf f.iii,Vrta .l 'rocopio: T. Centiie: Dr. T. Rcl_gradc: A. (.'oslanza: L. Costanzo; A._Lancrnnei A. Ga)lucci; T. panico; E.l\f assa; D. Schrippo.

,T-o Italo-Americans have beenpicked to serve on a Republicin l93j)lavoralty commirlec. Th;;" ;;,,-;;;.\ rcholas Pinto, candidate for Repres_cnlatrvc-at-large in the last campaign,ancl Atty. Thonras De Bellis ThcIort]lcr rvill servc on the Brooklvncrcmmittee r,vhile the latter serves 6nthe Bronx gronp.,It is the hope of the Republicanreaders lo co-olcrate with independentgroups 1o produce a wirrning fusiontrcket next vear.

SOCIETIES

^ The Sulrreme Council of the Order$.ons oJ Italy mct in sesrion ar lheltotel Pennsvlvania in New york lastm-onth. Conrlolences to the familiesof the deceased Cav. Vincent; D;Marco, Grand Venerable of lt".vf""A;Conrrn, Ciro Daurino, Crand V.;;;_ab.le of Ohio, and Gencral Emilio Gu_glielmo_tti, who rl'as an honorary mem-_ber and representative of the .ia.il..two yeats in Rome, were sent.

Lorrrm. Di SilvesLro, Supreme Ven-era.ble, spoke to the council on the po_sition of the Order in this i.lti.ultim,e and of the commendable- wliiibeing done b1. its nrany mcmbers whohave come to lhe forefront in manylines of endeavor. He then ;";-;;to point out the nrauy advanlages ac_crurng to the merrbers o[ the Order.C-omrn. Di Siivestro also took noiiieof the work 6eing done rowards al:gn_Ing Juntor Or.dcrs. 'l he Council en_thusiastically authorized n -or-,r-"rrtto .Wasl-rington to be done by tfresc.u.lqto-r_ Rom,ano Romanelli, pia".-oiwhich Nlussolini has already'appioveil.The monurrrelrt \vhich wis to haveDeerr erected irr Rome in 1932 is ex_pectecl to be unveiled earlv this vear.

ATLANTICA, _lANtrARY, 1933

_ A telegram to Mussolini was votedby the Cor.incil in which the ItalianPremier was informed of the plans isto the _mouurnent. aud rhe gratifi6i_tjon of rlre ltaliar:s in the UnitedSta_tes on the debt stand takcn byIta1y, lr,hich the Council f eels wiilrnake for better harmony betn,een thet\ ''o countries._Th9sq who attended thc session wereGr. tlff Giovanni Di Silvestro, Su-prcme Vener.able; Corlm. Saverio Ro_mano, A-ss't. Suprem,e Venerable; Cav.Uff. Stcfeno \l iele. ex-Sup.enle Ven-craLle: Ubaldo Guidi: Umberro Billi;( ,av. Salvaturc Parisi : Cav. Ungar.o_

Nlarrcusi: Car'. Uff. Francesco Cianr_belli; Frarcesco Zatlmata.o; Aiiy.,Tarnes lfodaro; Nlrs. Louise For.e.i,Count Carlo tr{erenda; Luigi Lerzi;and A. Nucciarone.

Among the Grand Venerables who:r.lterrrlcrl rverc: Judge Eucenc Alessanlrlront...l'rnlsvl'raniai Francesco l.al_lena.^ \e\v Jercey: \[ichelange)o Rus-so. ( onll.: Aususto \lersella, Rlrode_I9]a1d;__Rairrondo Boccia, Ohio; a"jNicola lierlazzo, Wcst Virginia. '

.Joseph _lnrhursio has recenllv beerrelected Suprerne l,rcsirlent of thcIt_alo-Arner-ican National Ur.ion

--oi

Chicago. _ l\l r. Inrburgio is also presi_dent oi Lodgc "Da Bornrida', No.9and village trustee oI Melr.ose park,I11. The I. A. N. Lf. is u,ell-knownthroughout the Middle West for itsactivities in bel-ralf of Italo-Americani.S_oon it_ will uncl-ertake a legal ."."iu.plan l hich is expectetJ to",not . it,"I. A. N. U. the outsranding fraternalinsurance society in the Uniied S1;i;..

\,fembership is made up mainly of pro_fessionzti zrnd business ncn.^

Others electecl were Atty. ErnestoCapozzi... tirsr vice-presidcnit l;..phLucar eilr, secorrd. vice_president; Atiy.Ulto La. _M1..hi". corresponding s6_crclary: Ultbel.to Santorelli, financialsecretary; trfichele De1 Vecchio, trea_surer': Angclo Antignani, J"septr Ca_l-,ossetx, l,eul D'l.lie, _\liclrele M ont_rcys, arrd Louis Pirozzoli, lrustees.

_ The founder of the Orcler Sons oIItaly, Doctor Vincenzo S"ff"i.,-^iiJJlast rnonth at Columbus il"rp;ijf,lfriresult of a heart attack. Wh;; h;first made known his intention i; ;;:gan.ize a socicty otlrer than the localsoclet t(.: cul)l posrd oI residen t s oftos ns in Itely, Doctor Sellaro wairl(ltcu,lc,l _an'l .gt.e(,tcd rvith skepticiSnron- all sicles. llorvever, his prodigiousclt[orts rrrrd rrntiring act;\ ilv fi-nallvrve_rc rccognized. rvith the rerrrlt tlraiIoday tlrc ( )rder Sorr. of lraly l,rescntsa forrnidable group.

The -daughter of the war_tinre ,rre_lli",' "i t.ral,v, Car-la Orla,iJo. ;;;";iiy:lokc t)( lorc the Nariolal Civic Fnde"_ration of_ Boston. S1-re pointecl ori ir.rntthe .nrorlerrr I t:rlian worrran

"n j.ys- imuch easier life than the Amerlciir'wolman b-ecause _ql,re lets t-r".

".a" tnti"care, of her., uhilc in Arrrer.ica ;.;;;$/ork. 5he also cornnterrled on the!1o verielies of touri.t fo lr.op"lune lq the ntan or wontan ll ho covcrslnuseul)rs in large par.lies corrduct",l 1,,gurdes. 'l'hc othcr is the lerson wh6just. sits around Irotet totrtr'ies."li";iii.lreally ssl. to linorv 11,..;;ri;;'"b;_

c:tusc neitlrcr ntcets tlrc pao1,l", aaaaflre. lil'e. and beauty ol ri,".-'.ou,,ti".C)n11. rvlren .ne -..t, n,,,1 k,,;;;'j;;peot,le, receircs hospitaiiry ;"d ;;:fltange o.l tlrought does orie forrrr anrflea ol

-1 he col]nlt.y visiled rr hich willprove ot benefit_"

_,Tltu _ \\-elfare Socicly of Newark.1\. J. lrst rr:on1h gave a bencfii ban_quer ar -the EIks Clul_, of that iitv.rtmong those rvho attendcd were Sen_?lp.r 3ld Mrs. Joseph C. \Volber,-Gr..IJ9.. 9"n_.ro.o_ Pope, Judge Anthonvr\r lnrsl. V rce-Con-rrl pier.o SIinelli.I{orr. ,Meyel- E. Ellenstein. lf ."'.;*1'r"iJoseph .Al. Perotti, Cily Conrrui.sionerJ onn H orve, L_1-o_n. Jules Tepper, audr,omnrssroner William.

The _I_talian Political League of De_1roit. .Mich.. honored C."ii".i- Wil_llam

_ A. Lontstock with a banquet atthe StaLlcr Hotel last nronth. Fi;;Lrlagnasco is nrcsident of the [.eaguc

and John Prizjola vice-president. -----Carmela Ztchero

(See ,,Ed*cation zxd Cthol')

More than 1200 people from variousi,.a.it.s oJ Bosron artended the Bridge_Whist-Scopa pxrty given Iast montha_1 the ( oplev Plaza for tlre benefit o[the Honrc for Italian Children.. The ]Tomc is expected to realize

aborit $l .200, according to tlre trcasurer:o[ the Honre. i\fiss Luisa De Ferrari,\\'ho u'as also chairnran of the generalcommittee.

. Frank Fasanella u,as electecl presi_dent of .the Unico Club of B.iaeepoii,Conn., last month at a meetin;";i ih;organization at the Stratneta' Hoiet.

A_dinner-dance card partrLc udr (l party was re_cen1ly given by the ltaliin gi" Sl"t*ian Big Sisters,philantL ropic ".g"ri, "u

J. *if :Lii?"rlprruarlrnroplc organrzation well-known1o.r rts _work t hroughout New yorkCity. \4a1y notabies attenclecl theparly, which was held ot rn" no,-,tt al,'rI ea Lrardens.

The.officers are Rose F.. D'Andrea.execllrive nrcmbcr: Mildred B;;b;^presrdenl;. A.rrua .Labolila and Eliza_Dern 1\aclerro, vrce_Dresidents; AnnaJ M.cDonald, executive secretary; Jo_sep.hrn e -tr'ava. corresponding .".retaiy IMildre4_Di Pino, financi"l s"cretaiv;r('1a ut r omasst, tr.easut.er.

. The,aunual lrcnefit rlance of llle Ital_ra.n \vomen { (-lub of Boslon wasgrverr recently et thc Hotel Kcunrore.

Mrs. Felix F -::. . :m'ittee, rvhose , :: . :. -

the af{air a S.rlr:-:sisted on th; : , :::::Francis Gala==: -- -Musolino.

The Italiai:-,r-::. - .,of Boston he: :,. .-of ficers recei.L: -r" : '

results: Dome:::- ,-:Leo Squattri:-. i -:-'Galasso, sec:E -::-treasurer; Le: :.The executir'- : i: :

Domenic \Ie: , :'lucker, N. ]I:::: : .'

The Order S :r- :

entertnined a. :: -::--a dance helc :. : -

Chicago la.: :: -::theatrical al. :i-,with operatrc .'-,, ' :

Amor-rg ih .- - -.. -

General Ca.,-. -- r-cio; Ro1'ai -- :r. r-Fern're; Cc::.Nlaglione o; :Bragno. Pr..Cor-nnrerce:

De Florio. \:c.< ). " -: - :: :,Vito Copertinr'. l .' - - -: --Zito, Alma Bart.. -':. _ -: - - : -.tolotta, Elr'ira B :-* -: : -.

Bellis, Anna Di -\:.--:-'. :Hellis, Filomena D::-,: .- -. - :. : ,

Angelinr Giacai, ':... . - :. - :

lone, ('onsternce -\1:.:: = . -

Marchetti, Emnra 1.1 - . - :.:--Parisi, Tole Pi:an:. -".- -' - I : r':Anita Serafini. Lu:s= ::.r-:-- ..-Concettina Spadaro.

At the arrnual eiec:i.- .: :: :-.the Italian Legion -{L:':. .: r : ,.ton, held last month. l-t:= , :.-:: -1"Tomasello was re-el-(. : - - -: -:Others electe d rvere \I:.. l:: -., S:':::and ]\liss Anrclia De J=:: -- . : -

Presidents; Mi:s Loui.c ( r.-:- - r -cording secretar-\: \l--. -\j..:.- :. -. =-1.r.o, corresoonding sec:a :-:,.': I I:.\{'arie \rerde, treasnler: i'I:. : : :'nato La Porta, audiroi: l.I:. :'.':.A1ari, chaplain; 1{rs. -\l: L-::-:--:-.::sergeant-at-atms; IIrs. Scg:::- I,It1,-=::.parliam.entarian; lIrs. Er::e.: P.:.:-.historian.

Prof. Franco Bruno -\re::-r:: ;,-Wellesley College spoke recei:11- be'fore the Itaiian Historical Soc:e:r o1Massachussets. Tlre ropic ch,'..r. b1Professol Averardi rvas "Goethe andRome." The meeting aiso serled asa reception to the nerv Italian ConsulGeneral o{ Boston, Cornm. ErmannoArmao.

The officers of the Societv are Ca\'.Prof. .1. D. M. Irord of Harr:ard, presi-dcnt; Comm. Judge Frank Leveroni,vice-president; \,Iilton E. Lord, vice-

- -T.\LIANS IN TIItr UNITED STATES

r :i- :,:e sident; Albert P. Robuschi, trea-::,:,. ..rrer; Prof. Joseph H. Sasserno, se-t

, -.- c:etary'

'=-.) EDUCATION AND CULTURE

A limited number of fellowships for.: - j: . ,'-rd1' at the nnir.crsitics in ltaly are- .: -.:e red to American college and uni-: ,.. -.'e:.it]- graduates. through the Amer-

:::,n-Italian Strrdent E,xchange ot the., i::.:itute of International Education.

Walter Littlefield(Su "Fine Arts")

i candidate applying must (1) Be a-:.:zer of the llnited States or of one,:,s possessions, (2) Be a college

:::..iate or a senior who will have::r-, this requirement at the time of en-:.:::-.t upon the {e1lowship, (3) Be of: i niorai charzrcter and inteliectual-. : ::r'. and of suitable personal qual-:::t.. i-{) Be in good health, (5) Pos-.-.; ability to do indepcndent studv:-:, - re.earch, (5) Have a practicable.;:',.,'iecige of the Italian language''.:: ihe ability to speak the language::r -- r,:, understand lectures delivered

'-'l'e f ellor,vships are open both to-::-:: and Nolnen. Applications must

-: -,11ed at the office of the institute bvi- r:i:ar1' 1, 1933.

Outstanding among Italian leaders: .clool affairs is Carmela Zuchero,-::.:drnt of the Circolo Italiano oi-,-,-:..rr:ngton Irving Evcning High!:::,-,c,i. After sustaining a brilliant.c:::le..tic record in the school and:jr:ecuent election to the honorary:.--:.ie:nic society "Arista", she was:.cer:il chosen to head the Ttalian:1'-:r oi t1-re schooi. 'Ihe activitv of the:-.nization under her leaderihip at--e!:: to her ability. The club has

.ii,n.ored t$-o lectures, each one at-trrcieri b1' over trvo hundred students.-ilr: irist olre \\ras given by Dr. PeterS:.nrnartrno, the faculty advisor, on'Inpres:ions of ltaly." The second11'1-r gir-cn by i\fr. Joseph Lundari on"l.iazzini." A third lecture ancl con-ceri rra.s attended by over 800 stu-.1ents. At this function Miss AnitaCandela spoke on "Italian Music" andProf. G. Lombardi rendered a progranlof operatic rrrusic. 'Ihe society also

attendeci a tca and lecture on boa.rdthe SS. "Augr:stus". An opera partyattracted over a hundred members tolhe Sarr Carlo's presentation of "I1Trovatore." A concert and TeaI)ance at the Casa Italiana was at-tcncled not only by nrany from theschool itself but by msny studentsfrom -t\,Ictropolitan colleges and facultymembers from various schools. Some-thing new was initiated when a special1en o'clock nroving picture prescnta-tion of "La Vecchia Signora" washelcl for the club. l'he members ar-tended the nrovie after evening school.A large group also attended a showingof the marionettes of the "l'eatro deiPiccoli." Another concert and Dances.il1 be held on \,{arch 4. Both MissZuchero and John Campione, the se-cretary of the Circolo, r.vere awardedHon or Certi{ic;Ltes by the ScholasticCouncil of the School.

M. D. Ranclazzo spoke on ,,ThcLack of a Political Consciousness inItaly in the lBth Centurv,,, before theCasa Ttaliarre l)iscussion Croup lastmonth.

Andrew J. Torricl)i, senior at Har-verd.. \ -:rs rrotifir d recerrtly oi hiselection to Phi Beta Kappa. "Mr.

Tor-lielli rvho i. not ycr 20, -ri a. one oI J2

seniors at llarvard to be so honored.

_ Last month the Italian permanentBook Exhibition offered a tea i;honor of the Hon. Franco Ciarlantiniand a group of Italian journalistsr whoarrived on board the r,Conte Di Sa-1oia," Among those present wereProf-- Mario l.abroca, Raffaele Calzini,-Adoifo Coppede and C. A. Borgese.

The salient points of Italian culturer"rere pointed out last month to a largegroup that gathered in the auditoriumof the tr{a.nrral I'raining High Schoolof Brookll'n, N. Y. The hieh lightsof Italian culture were demonstratedby m,otion pictures, music and song,and thr-ough the medium of the dance.

The committee was composed ofM iss Laura Cottone. Italia Crande,Mrs. C. \larrria \\'hite, Maria Frugone,(-atherine Van Brunt, Filippa Vultag.gio, S. irisacane and Eleonora Malin-vern i.

Eugenio Spina recentlv addressedll ( ircolo Italiano of M-esi Ncw York,composecl of students of the MemorialHigh School. Mr. Spina's topic n,as"The Modern Ita1y."

Vincent Vi11ano, of New Haven,Conn., u'as recently arvarded one ofthe Lucius Hotchkiss scholarships.Villano is a member of the 1934 classat Yale. Francis Schiaroli, senior atYale, was awarded one of the LaSalleH. White scholarships. Schiaroli is aresider-rt of Naugatuck, Conn.

A reception in honor of ConsulGeneral Antonio Grossardi and hisfamily '"vas given rccently by the CasaItaliana of Columbia Universitv. Prof.Mario Cosenza, Dearr of Brooklr.nCollege; Prof. Giuseppe Prezzoltn't,clirector of the Casa", and. Judge JohnJ. Freschi addressed the gatl-rerins,

The Italian Book Lovers Associa-tion gave a recital and rlance on boarlthe liner "Roma" last lnonth. Amongthosc rvho attended u.ere Consul Gen-

l83

Catalano. l I=, .: .: -'I'hose r':: - .=-". ,mittee,. r-, i:.; l:: ::Serafini. P:e:: 1,-:--:

i84

cral Antonio Grossardi, James J. I-an-zetta, Dr. I.re rlerick Robinson, pro-fessors Gerig, Ciark and Gross, JuclgcNicholas .{lbano. Salvatore La t'orie,Hon. Crvidio \-. Bianchi. Arrrhony E.Casaie, Wiliiam Di Lorenzo, Jin-resF. Ferrara, Thomas Shebell, a1;d Dr..\rrtonio D'Aurie.

Among the rvinncrs of prizesawarded by the Chamber of Cornmer-ceof \Telv York State for essavs on Ner.vYor k rverc NIarie Cuerrero, E v, DeX'I,attco, Catherine F1eri, Evelyn be-yozzi, Santa Polizzi, Mary D'Urso,Elairre Grrlla, Bearlice Irrrbro, XlariaVuolo, Yvonne Pardo, Giuseppina Vi-scardi, Wi1li:rnr Serra. Nicholas Pel-lettieli, -Iosepir Reno, Augusto Ginoc-chia and Carmelo Ajello.

FIN'E ARTS

Under tlre auspices oI rlre LadicsAuxilialy,,I Colu:r:bus Hospital, theperfornance of "Aida" on ihe nightof Jan. 14 was taken over to zrupnrerr.their funds for the care of the ill andneedy.

'lhose r,r'ho rvere active in the saleof boxes and seats for the perform-ance were Judge and X,{rs. Louis Va-l_entc, _Count Facchetti-Guig1ia, JudgeJohn J. Freschi, Mr.. and lrlrr. tiiioSavini. -\lrs. arrd Xlrs. Arrgelo Ruspini,l\[rs. Arrtorrio I-i.arri, XIiss Nini Nia-rf.i, -Nlrs. Caslon Carlucci, Xlrs.Lq"rSl. trlil;r.rri. M rs. John lt. 1"i",l\Jrss Joscplrinc Personetri, Siro Fusi,E,manuele Gerli, Dr. Alberto Bonilschi, and Gr. Uff. Generoso pope.

Lucrezia Bori and Giovanni Marti-rrelli,,l\l etrol,c,litarr operatic stars. weret he f eatrtrcd singers at a Christma.-L_vc lcstrval at Ellic Tslarrd. Thery. B. C. co-operared with the R"i.'ll;Rundfunk Gesselschaft of Berlin intransnitting the festival to European1 is te n ers.

-The Artretican l)rcrnierc last rnontlrof one of Italy's rrrost, lol)uiar currcntconrcdies ushored in thi fourth seasonof the Teatro c1'Arte urlder the direc-liorr of Cornrr. Ciusenle Sterni. Tlre"orrredy .presentetl rva.',Everyborly'sHome.' '

^ Three brethers. A',gelo. Biegio, andSalvalore Pirrto. of Philedclphia, wercrecertly aw:rrded scholarships bv the

ATLANTICA, JAIIUARY, 1933

Earnes Foundation for one vear to1'airrt in -Europc and ,\f ljca. ' t his isthe second time the Pinto brothers1;ave r,von Barncs scholarships.

Antonio Scotti, veteran baritone u.iththe NIet:opolitan Opera Company, hasai,nounced his retirement. This, hislast se :,son, marks his thirty-f ourthivith the Metropolitan as the "beloveclviilain."

l,Ir. Scotti's public will miss him.'lihcy ir,ill miss him for rvhat he is asrnan and artist, but more for r,vhat hereprL-sents. There is no questionanroug critics tlat his formal resigna-tion frorn the Metropolitan is one orthc iast signals of an age of, greatsiirg':rs and great interpretations.

At tire recent elections held bv thel.cc,nar-do Da Vinci Art Club oi thcsci.':ool of the sane name, James Cri-saiulli u,as elected president, VincenzoCampanella vice-presiclent, AntonioScarfi secretary, and Gertrude Good-ricil treasurer'.

A new course has been added to t?recurriculutn of the school. It is titled"Alertness Course," consisting of 90hor:rs, thirty c,f which are spent in theclassroorrs, and the remaining in visitsio lnuscLlms, lectures, etc.

Among the artist-photographers rn'hohave sent in entries to the BiennialInternzrtional Exposition of Art Photo-graphy rvhich opened at Rome lastmonth are Severo Antonelli of Phila-del1rhia, M,essina of New York, Valerioof Chicago, and Delardi of Pl'riladel-piri:1.

Mrne. Maryla Lednicka, q'hosehronze sculpture of the Princess\ olPiedtront r,vhich occupies a prominentplace on boald t1-re "Conte di Savoia,"is in this countrv for a short visit. ThePolish sculptress has been appointedto execute a bust of the Pope uponhcr leturn to Italy.

Mme. Gina Pinncra rvas enthusiast-ically received at a song recital heldat Carnegie Ha1l last month. The so-prano included in her program songsin Italian, l-rench, Gennan, Spanish,and English.

A song recital was rccently given atthc J ean Campon stuclio in whichHoward Steffr-rer, Virginia Campon,

Ceral,lirre \\'crrtworth, Marion Mac-lrrl-r rr, antl Jearr Carrr1,9n took part.

T,,uisa L. Pannullo, have been publishedAnrerican Poetry."

Poems ofPassaic, N. Jthe "Ifcidern

During lris long career asu riler XIr. Littlefield hasnlanv l,alers, antong thenr.bselr ati.n. on the Drcvfrrobsen-ations on the

'Dreyfuson. the "Camorra" of Niplesother bool<s he has writfenB]'ron in Love." and he hasalcd rvilh Luigi ForeioniI{err of Silence " "

Miss Antonia Brico holds the dis-tinction of being the first woman towield the baton in a MetropolitanOpera H ouse Concert, af ter ,lie con-,lur'trd rhe I\[rrsicians' Syrnphony Or-chestra early this month.

1'his r.vas nct the first time \{issBrico has conducted large groups, asshe already had scored triumphs withthe Llerlirr Philharmonic Oichestra,the San Francisco Symphony Orches-tra ancl similar organizations in Polandand Latvia.

Walter Littlelield of Nerv York wasrecently lrresented l,r'ith the insigniaand brevet of Commendatore dellaCorona d'Italia, a."r'arded by Iling Vic-tor Ernanuel III, through-the ConsulGeneral, Anton:io Grossardi. Mr..Littlefield lvas so honored lor a sonnettitled "Fascisti" rr-hich first appearedIn ' I lte N eu ) orli i'imes'' on XIay 4,1921, one _u-ear befor-e the famoui]'Iarch on Rorne. The sonnet wastr anslated into Itzrlian by premierl{Lrssolini, and has since been widelvlrLrbiislred tl'rroughout Italy. At thebottom of this page rvill be-found boththe original and Mussolini's transla-tion of the sonnet.

Comn. Littlefield was born in Bos-ton in. _11re yerr 1867. He graduatedfronr Harva'd in lSSj, and ivlrile stillarr . rrn(1er(ra,lrrate he tarrgltt Frenchand history at the Chaiincey HallSclrool. ln lROl Ire joined the statf oftlre "\o-rr jclr Bullerin": tlrcn 1o1t,,.u"nperiods rvith "The New York World,'and "The Ner,v York Tribune" andfina111' he joined the staff of ,,TheNerv York Times', in 1897, with whichlaner lre has remairred since. I n 'l893

Qomm Littlefield married LuigrnaAmelia Pagani of Borgomanero,Italv.

critic andr'vritten

being hiscase and. Amongis "Withcollabor-on "The

VIVA IL FASCISMO

By \VALTER LITTLEFIE,LDl'rnnt cl,'ttd-ltid botrlelrcntl ott ,JlTittc hcight

To z^hrre tlts 65i,r, sra iri stzirs/iitte"slecps-Tirre no'.s hiss tha AtlriaLic Arcets-

14/e'd.ann rdtk fai,n, rt,itlt zvou.ttd, ir,itlt life, by rigktOur lortg-lo.rt ltttd. lttsutialt lht stillltt

Of fricn,ds; in.satiate tlte fientl uho seelt.sTo blost owr laurel.s z,thit.i t.hc lield .still reehs

And, twrn tke chaos to cternal nigltt.

Enottgh of this! The sl.rc-rt:olf's tt'J.tel!s o.,vaJte.

_ The fasces Lhat tl,te Rornan, lictors bore ,7'l.te legion'-r eaglc-t--s5'ntbol.s nou -ttte take

For lor.e of land, f or jtr.;tice, and the la.,u,()ur faith,, oLt secr,! -all sacrificc .t,e stal?e,Ilhictrt, renders death suhiintc ottd fatr scctne.

Translation by BENITO I,{USSOLINIDal .f.ronte di. guerro nasco.rto_ fra nr.tbi sui, zrertici alpinisin Ld doae d.orm.e nel sole ,il m,are ceruleo-e del 'firreno il bacio saluta l'Adriati,co-ltoi riguadagnqilllno d diritto, cou it dolorc, la ferita, la aita,la nostra f atria lu,ngawt,erttc snnrrita. E pur ittsaziato rimin.edtrtli atrtici il disdegno; ir,r,so:iato il nem.iio cJte ter,ttai;tcett.ct'irci .gli alloli dal campo di battaglia tx,Lttor,afumantec t'olgere il caos in notte eteryt,ale.

Non S,iri! Ecco i ct\cci,oli della lupa, ecco ora de stati.A noi i fasci ch.e iI romano littore recaaa,le simbolichc, trqttile dcllo legior,ti. ora noi r[prendiant,o,f er I'o,m.or rlella patri,a, per la giustizia e pil dritto.I o lcdr e i! lcruore .qu,tl si .rt,t il .sacrilirio per bosla utcilinttto,ttc rli; icttc !q ntorlc .rublintc c ccrtis.sittto il Iato.

ATTANTIT,A

in ltaliano

LE RICERCHE SCIENTIFICHE

IN ITALIA

Del Senotore Grglielmo Morconi

I\tr\-O anzitutto rrlcttcre in er-i,i-rL-U ta i due rtuovi conrpiti cir. uttarecente legge affido ai nostro Istitr:tu.A1 nostlo Consiglio fu dato f incarico,pieno di responsabiiiti", di csprinrere riparere su t,.1tte le proposte di rc'goia-rnenti da sottopolsi all'allpro\-aziLrn-del Consiglio dei trIinistri, cluando iamateria oggetto di tali regolanrer-LtilrbLria carattere tecrrico e scirllli-ci..

Cornpito d'altissirna inrportanza, que -sto, perchd non pocl'ri dei rnag-sroriproblemi de11'econolnia nazionale sonolcgati a tali regolarnenti.

Altro compito d quello de1 controiiosni prodotti nazionali, che gli ilLdu-striali hanno facolti di richiedere perottenere una garanzia autorer.ole, cheattesti la bontd dei loro prodotti. Talegaranzia d certo i\ ntezzo piri efficaceper 1a valorizzazione dei buoni plodotiritaliani, si.r all'interno che all'estero.

Vi parlerd ora brevcmente cle11'operasvolta finora. Anzitutto vi ricorderd.e voi perdonercte 1'arida esposizione.perchd, pur nclia sua ariditi, d per voitutta piena di significato, le principaliricercl'ie finora svolte ed i risultati ot-tenuti.

Si sono potute suggerire le normegii approvate con legge, pcr 1'utilizza-zione de11'alcool comi carburante; d

stato suggerito un procedimento nuo-vo per i'estrazione del1e essenze di li-nrcrre, ii qrrale ha rialzato la qualitidc1 prodotto italiano, venendo cosi ef-ficacemente in aiuto c1e11a sofferenteinciustria agrumaria; sono avviate api:ossime conclusioni ricerche sui pro-dotti c1ella nostra industri:r conservie-ra, allo scopo di clefinirne csattamente1r qualiti per valorizz,arli ne1 comrrer-cio nroncL'a1e: sono in corso ricerchesu11e irroprieti de11e acque minerali,ancora non ben conosciute ed d irr cor-so di starirl>;r un p;:irlo fa,"cicolo c1cl-l'irrr.'cntario riguardante 1a zona de1Lazio; sor.ro in corso di stampa. inco-coli clelf ir-rventario dei combustibili na-razionali orn-rai gii conrpletato; per i1

carbonio carburante si giunse a pro-poste cor.lcrcte, perchd ne1 nostro Pae-se possa difionclcrsi il sistema de1-1'autostrazione a carburantc so1iclo, sianei ca;r.rpo inclrrstrialc clci trasporti cher'r'r qnt 11o :!gf ici)1o.

P Elt i i-rLilizz:rnri Ior:no oggettoI .l irr.lagirrc 1a produzione tlegli azotisrnictici e dei concimi fosfatici e com-1ies.i ad alto titolo, come pure 1a con-ciil:;zione nrinerale clei terreni in clim;rcalilo :rriclo e ad elevato contenuto in.:'.ii solubili. Il Consiglio tiene pre:crie tutta i'iilrportanza che tali ricer-cle hanno per f intensificazione de11a:rr.'duzione :rgr aria delle nostre regionic

' I ir'r - ni e ridlo ir ii.ii.\ti c:rn'r;ro dell'ingegneria mi d gra-

iiltr cLrlsta'rare che le rice-cltc frrrono.lu:::i :enr1)re condotte in collegamenioco;r ic anrininistrazioni cle11o Stato econ gli enri pnbblici e privati piir par-'-ic,,1ainrer.:te interessati. Per i proble-li tecrici della strada d stato com-;:riro ur.r cortpleto cielo di studi sulleelulsiorri bitunrir.rose c sulle pavimen-tazi.,,i-ii cernentizie, giungendo a con-clu:ilni. gii pubblicate, circa 1e normcC:rt-cett,.izione dei m^ateriali e l'csecu-ziol. cier lalori; nei riguardi de1lo stu-rlio de i ponti metallici, oltre a notevoli1,erf,:zion:,nrelLti ne11'attrezzatuta spe-rinentale c1a nsarsi nelle ricerche, silttcnil.rr) ri.ultati assai signilicativi edc1 tutto nuoli circa i1 comportamcntodelle slr.-iture alle diverse conclizionidi ca i:ico : sono in corso le prove su,lrr. r rror : r: i ,li 'roluri rna-ini, ,'ea-f.izzati t:,no per sostituire nei "mas" inrotori a benzina fino acl ora adope-rati, ec1 uno adatto invece a11zl grandel-ol Lrl.i "L'ir.n1-rcrtalte problenia de1la deter-nrinazi.ne clegli sforzi esercitati dalleor.rde cii telnTlesta sulle opere di difesaclei porti d -.tato pure affrontato, e,quale prirno passo, si stanno realiz-zanclo a \apoli e a- Catania. come gida Genova. degli ir-r-rpianti di registrazio-ne degli sforzi stessi. Sono in corso eprossinre a1 raggiungirlcnto di risul-tati concreti. ricerche sulla statica de1lcgrancli diqhe di ritenrrta. sulle vibra-ziorri, srrl coefficiente c1i forma clciproiettili.

Particolare considelazionc d staiarivolta all'esarre di rrna prooosta c1i in-ve:nzione cli un m otore a rca zion e, rle-,stinata a realizzare i voli ac1 altissinrer-elociti ed ad altissil.na quota. llrrclisgraziato inciclent. 1ra troncato Derd1a giolane vita clclf inr-entore, f inge-

gner Giorgio Cicogna, u{ficia1e dellaliegi:r, l{arina, in 1,. A., che all':iffasci-n:Lnte stuclio aveva dedicato il suo al-tissirr-ro ingegno e il suo limitato pa-trinonio. Alla sua rnemoria vada ilnostr:l reverente saluto.

p l( O lt DU arrclre colr cur)U,iacirirentor\clrc i rlo.tri lecni i,artectpatro atti-varn(nl( alla soluziorrc di l,roblerni ri-guarclalLi 1'econornia nazionale, tra ic1uali voglio :iccellnare all'indagitrc chesi v:r compiendo sull:r, situazior-re de1-l'inclustria. siclerurgica itaiiana.. Le ricerChe rlel Consigrio nel campo

clella rncdicirra sono staie r.ivolte anzi-tutto ad argortrenti cli largo lltteresseigicrric,, J,r.r' lc l,oJ,olrzion-urbarre, ru-rllr, lrturarrec c t)tiurlral-ie e p:rl ticolar-rrrcnte sull:r ''tif oidc": snlta iebbre on_duiante, su1l'anchilostomiasi, sulle ma-lattie dci zolIar;Lri u >uI reunratisnro.

Si tratta di nralattic, che hanno tut-tora punti contror.ersi o lacune perc1uella con'rplcta col.roscenza cl-re d

-in-clispensabile pcr un'orgalica azioneconlro di essc. lJag)i srudi sirr quifatti, rrci blevc lern:,J, tlal ior-o inizio,sono sczrturite, tra 1,allro, precisazionisulia parte cl'r_e spcttcrebbe-alle arrrebe,quali "abitat" 1,.r Ia nraturazionc del"virus. eberthiano" t Ca>agrande), sullauitlusione della rif oide i rrrezzo delletttosclre, .ula ..1,i'derniolugia dclla li-lorle lla _lc Iop6l121o,ri litorarrc< ( pul-chr r e Cabbarro ). sulla capaciti tiel1,u1vi:colo,lcljo zolIo ile] tlctcriltinercuna pltellmosclerosi nei minatori zo1-[a,ai I I- crrariiini r, sull.r bioiogia dcll)rcrococco rr,.lltnse e del "bacillus a-bor_tus" { Cerlrtit. .ull'eziologia ctcllaIebl,lg p,11ly11rrt, f Cahbi). .-

Parimenti si ebbe 1'en'unciazione c1inuove vcdute sulla biologia e sulla,1iItu -i,,;r e tlcll'on clrilostonra ( Penso),srrlf infltienza cle11e irradiaziorii ultiiviolette su11'organisnto umano (Spo1-verini) e la creazione rli un promct-tente nrorrimcnto nazionale per 1o stu-dio del rellrrali5lro, costiluente ungrave problema igicnico ed assisten-zizrle (Devoto).

,Rjcorclo pure 1e inclagini su1l"'ultra-virus tubercolare" (Ninni), sugli ele-rr(.nri ultrrlticrn5s6pi.l del ',virus ma-larico" ( I )cl)lasi e sua :cuole) e le ri-cerche in corso sulle ccllrrle rrreopla-stiche (Alcssandri) e -su1 ricambio ma-teriaie nelle infezioni (Zoja).

Ne1 campo clei probiemi de11'a1in-ren-tazione d stato ampiamente strrcliato ilvalore lrutritivo clei vcgetali, dei latti-cirri freschi. clei fornraqgi iri v:rrre r.e-sioni d'Italia e di rlcurre pnlveri dilatte e del latte conservato in scatola.con risultati t1i grande interesse dalptnto c1i vista pratico per cid che srriferisce in n-raniera socciale a1la nu-trizione clei bambini. Sono in corso leir-rclagini su1 r'a.lore nutritivo dei cerealialri can i.

lltPO R'f ANT I riccrche furono conr-I lriutc e sono irr r ia di attuazione per1o stuclio dc11a radiazione penetranteassillante, problerna della fisica nrcr-clerna. e risultati assai interessantr fu-rono ei.i. puhblicati nclla "RicercaScientifica."

Ricordo anchc, come d'accoldo coni \'[inistri c1c11'Acrar"routica e de1latr{arir-ra si stia ora preclisponenclo unacsplorazione contenrporanea cle11'alta:rtmosfera e dcl nrare profondo. per1o stuclio non solo della radiazionetr)enetral'rte, ma anche cli un grtppo cliproblemi geofisici che ar-ri certo 11nanotevole inrportanza scicr.rtifi ca.

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185

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jl

tl

1E6

Ne1 car.npo dclla geodesia e dellageofisica furono e{fettuate imp.e11r,tt-ti campagne gr:Lvimetr'che, tra cuiprincipali quellc compiute ne1 1931 neiniirri italiani dal R. Somme rgibile"Victor Pisani" e que1le ne1 Carso; fuistituito urr in-rpianto di tendoli orizzon-tali nelle grolte di Postumia, per 1o

studio delle rnaree de1la crosta terre-stre.

Il Consiglio, oltrc a svolgerg un pro-gramma rii ricerche, ha anche orgatriz-zato alcuni serr izi. chc ntattcar ltto inItalia, rnentrc l)ossono esscre di note-vole utilitd pratica per i1 nostro Paese.Il Centro nazionale di notizie tecniche,coruc voi srpele, ha 1o scopo di rac-cogliele cd elaborare inforruazioni diogni genere sui progresso, ora cosi ra-pido nei vari campi clelia scienza e

dclle sue applicazioni, c di fornire taiinotizie :rllc amnrinistrazroni c1e11o Sta-to, a91 inclustriali ed anche ai privatich!r ilc hanno bisogr.to.

11 Centro dispone ormai di una bi-blioteca di consultazione tecnica tloitobenc atttezzata, cli un grupl)o di oltremille riviste scientifiche e tecnichestraniere, ha un archir.ic, c1i oltre cluen-rilioni cli schecle classificate, sia ''ela-tive a pubblica.ziorii, sia relatir,e a bre-vetti. Circa quattrocrnto accadetnie edistituti stranieri scarnbi:lno con 1e no-strc le loro puLblicazioni.

Altro servizio d quel1o della biblio-grafia scientiirca e tecnica ir'aliana. Lapubblicazione entra, orrrrai nel suo se-sto anno di vista. Con l:r collabora-zione attiva. e diligcnte di tutti i nostricomitati, essa ha a.ssuuto un'importan-za fondamentaie per Izl docurlcuta-zione dell'attiviti scientifica e tecnicadel nostro Paese. Essa d citata ail'e-stcl'o con're un modello de1 genere edapprovazioni autorevoli sono venute aconfortare 1'opera nostr:a.

Legata all'organizzazione della bi-gliografia italiatra. d la biblioteca de11eRiviste italiane (1800 circa) chc d te-nuta accuratarlente in ordine e che d

l'unica veramente completa esisterrte.Anche 1'Istituto Centralc di calcoli

tecnici, che ha iniziato il suo funzio-namento con i1 1 novembre, sari ingrzLdo di retrdere notevoli servizi allcamministlazioni dello Stato, agli in-dustriali ed ai privati studiosi.

lrIUMEROSE sono giiL le PuLbtica-l\ zioni curatc tlal C"onsiglio, Ira cutla nostra rivista "La ricerca scientiiica,"che entra ne1 <luarto anno di vita.l)'accot do con 1'Associzrzior.re elettro-tecnica italiana c con i'Associazioneitaliani di fisica, r'iene anche pubblicatauna rivista, "L'alta Frequenza," ct-re sioccupa in particolare deila telefonia agrande distanza, delle radio-comuni-cazioni e di tutti i problenri tecnici escientifica connessi.

Devo ricordare che alcune delle piilimportanti societi scientifiche italianehanno coordinato 1a loro opera a c1uel-la clel Consiglio de11e ricerche: cito laSocieti italiana per i1 progresso delieScienze, 1'Associazione elettrotecnic:titaliana, il Comitato elettrotecnico ita-liano ecl altre ancora.

Anche 1'opera che il Consiglio stasvolgendo per raccogliere i cimeli e idccumenti atti a clinrostrare i1 magnt-fico contributo dato dall'Italia a1 pro'gress,r della civilti, merita di esserest:gnalata. La collezione, che consi-steri di oltre nri11e cimeli scelti tra ipru il:rportatrti. d clestinata, clopo di

ATI_ANTTCA, JANtiARY, 1933

a'rer figrrrato all'esposizione di Chi-cx:jo. a rirrrlncre al nru.eo atne|iCanodeilc scienze di quella citti.

Da1 rapido esame del lavoro finoracom.piuto risultano alcuni elemerrri difatto che ci permettono di formulareil progranrrla c1a svolgere gradata-nrcnte ne11'avvenire, non solo, rrra dlprecis:rre ancora megiio 1e direttiveclella r.rostra azione. Anzitutto la ne-cessiti di occuparsi a fondo del pro-lrlr 1111 ,1.11. matc rie prime.

Si tratta del problema forse rnag-giore dclla noslr-il econonria nrziorrali,a1lo stuclio cle1 quale -sono stati chia-mati a partecipale 'i nostri tecnicr mi-gliori. Purtroripo, da un complesso dielementr'. risulta chc il problema gra-r-i..irrro ,lel'c rralr ri- prirne n^rr i .t,r-to abbastanza opprofondito in ltalia.Itlolto fu fatto, nta slegato e senzacoorclinamento. tr{o1te iclee che sr ri-l, n{or]o c\t1le solto irtTec6. 1.<11 1t,-certc, firelttre in questo can]po spessod meglio ignorare che creclere dr st-perc. Irr clucste liccrche 1'aiuto del-l'Istitrrto centrale di statistica, che spe-riarno rr.n ci nrarrclreri, srrd per.noiprezioso e inegreri. razionalmente I'o,pera clei nostri tecnici.

Prol,lerrri t-er nni qr:rr-i .nno.1uel1idei lrlrnral^rii rli ricerca e rlclla sede.11 problenra clei laboratorii d un pro-blema fondarnentale, oerchd troDpesono ancora 1c ricerche che in Italianon si possono eseguire per mancanzadi nez,zi snerimentali adatti.

Ar-rche iI problema della sede eragrave per noi. Dico era percl-r€, Drr-che. proprio ieri 1o avete risolto. E'per noi un nuovo n.rotivo di profondagratitudine.

Nioi abbiamo ora i nostri servizi di-stlibuiti in varie parti della citti.

I A loro riunione irr un'unica sede rap-L pr".ent"ri urr trle yicn2lmir, di s-nergia e c1i spesa, che i1 rendimcntode1 nostro I-qtituto ne sarA di ccrto no-tevolmente accresciuto. tr'{a Romaqon fu fatta in nn giorno.

Noi dobbianro cercare di utilizzaresenrprc piu a vantaggio del nostroPaese la grande lorza di cui i1 Consi-glio dispone, 1a possibiliti ciod c1i ricorrere rapidamente, per lo studio dtun dato problenra, a tecnici che h:innoeffettivamente la competenza e 1e, at-titudini per lisolverlo.

Conre vi d un Consiglio di Stato peri problcrni giLrriclici eci arnnrinistra-tivi, il nostro pud essere i1 Consiglio'I'ccnico del Governo, in grado cli a{-frontare i problcmi scientiiici e tecnicinon soltanto cla un punto di vistaunilzrterale, come purtroppo spesso av-viene nelle commissiorri specia\izzate,rta utilizzando tutti gli elemcnti checoncorrono nel concretarc le piir op-I)ortune soluzioni.

E non sollanto nell'esplimerc pareri,ma a-nche nel dare allo Stato notizieccl inforntazioni, l'opera del Constgliopud esscre utile e riposante. La sto-ri:r ci insegla che spesso clrrrante 1egucrre, siano esse militari, siano essceconorliche, i popoli attrat'ersano oredifficili. Specie in tali momenti 1'opcracli rrn'organizzazione in grado di Jarerapiclamente pareri e notizie preparate,ii lunge rrrano, puo essere preziosr.E,'un vecchio adagio che esscre in-fornrati molte volte vuol dire esser"armati.

I1 preparare uno stato maRgiorerlella ricerca .cierrtifica d veranLentcopela meritoria come d opera nrerito-ria darc al nostro Paese i mezzi percluelle ricerche che non possiamo an-cora eseguire. nra che possiarno arri-vare forse rapidamente a risultati in-sperati, aprenclo nuovj orizzonti perdare lavoro e benessere a1 nostro Po-po1o, che nc1 suo fecondo trar.agliornterita i nigliori destini.

Io spero, pur attraverso questa ra-pida sintesi. di essere riuscito a <1areun'idea del'opera compiuta c1al nostroIstituto e del ferr-ore con cui tutti noiabbiamo collaborato. lieti di offrire conassoluta devozione I'opera nostra allaPatria ed a1 Regime che ne govcrna1e sorti.

LA ,,PICCOLA ITALIA" DEL I85O

di Froncesco Moncqdo

A NEW YORK, nel 1850, il quar-, \ tiere abitato tlagli italiani poveriera quello clei "Cinque Punti" (TheFive Points), ch'era folmato dalla in-tersezione di Worth, Park e BaxterStreets ad un tiro di schioppo daBroadway.

Junius Henry Browne, che d un a-mericano onesto ma spaventato, ce 1odescrive come un mostro di fama in-ternazionale (1). \{a il quartiete nonera esclusivamente italiano: vi abita.vano pure -.pagnuo1i, turchi, negri, po-chi tedeschi e francesi, inglesi e irlan-desi. Questi ultimi formavano (dBron'ne che parla) la banda dei ladrinotturni. Gli italiani erano semplice-n.rente i piir nun-rerosi. E siccone a1lemasse 1e cleformiti. sembrano pii in-teressanti delle bellezze, i giornaliamericano del tempo preferivano met-tere in eviclenza 1a, criminalit) dr qual-

che "mafioso," o di qualche "carnor-rista" di Porta Capuana, anzichd esal-tare i meriti degli italiani sobri, onestred anche colti, che mentre soffrivanoper le sfortune della loro patria 1on-tana, lavoravano per 1a grandezza del-la nazione in cui avevano trovato o-spitalitd.

11 giornale forma. la pubblica oprnio-ne. Non d quindi da n-reravigliarsi, sei1 buon Junius Henry Bror.vne, essendopassato qualche volta di li con gli occhivelati da tante immagini truci e coictlore tremante di paura delibelata, ab-bia scambiato per zuffa cruenta anche1'urtarsi di alcune donne nelf insegui-n-rento di un sorcio, e per assassino unuomo che serenamente apriva il co1-tel1o per pulirsi le unghie. N:rtural-mente non conviene celare una veriti:che ciod ne1la colonia dei "CrnquePunti" non mancavano elen-renti torbr-

di; pero esagerazioni e generalizzazro-nl ve ne sono state troppe.. Vi. erano in. maggioianza i nostriDravt. lavoratorl, che maltrattati dagliirlandcsi altezzosi e norr trovando pio-tezione nelle autoritd. tutorie, andavanodelle.volre a r.if u.giar.i presso quei rristingun. esl)xtnatt spesso a bella postadai rirannelii d'lralia. L'antagoirsmoe la lotta tremenda (che oggi d resi-stenza passiva) contro gli italiani sor-gev:rno anzitutto clal iatto che i nostricletrenti erarro costretti, colle lannoora_ i uegri e i 1,6r16gh.si, ad otfrirele loro braccia ad un salario basso.Senza volerlo, essi venirano cosi aporsi in un terrcno di concorrenza corigii irlandesi, i quali a New York eranogii poterrti, perc)ri. irrrnrigrari prima epadroni della lingua, a\.evano avuro iltempo e la pcssibilitd di organizzarsie occul,are i,osti rLi corila:ttlo.

I A concorlcrrza nolr er.a la sola e ausaE di dissidio. L irlandesc era ed eun "anirnale" eminentemente,,politi-co," e-.sarebl,e lrcglio tlire "poliiican-te." L, pcrcio chi non vorava pcr. Iuinon Aveva ragionc di e:istcre. L'Ita-lrano. a5sente ellor.a pcr-fino dal nrovi-mento per l'uniti. politica della suapatria, e velluto in America a fare for-tuna c tornare subito ai suoi morrLi. siteneva, come i1 cinese, lontano d;1leurne, La "Societi di San Calono,, oquel l:r di "San Gennaro." a cui appar-teneva, era la sola cosa che gii Jar.aconfo.rto. E poi sentiva di noi poterefamlljarizzare con dei ,,sclvaggi,,, chemangiavano i maccheroni stiJcotti esenza formlaggio, e mettevaro zucche-ro, invece di olio nelf insalata e nonfacelarro Lraccano la dornenica.

L'italiano non si americznizzava.. tln'altra causa era la quistione poli-

tico-religiosa tra il Papa e i nbstrip.atriolti. _ Gli irlandesi, cattolici finoalla pirr farratica bigotreria, vedevano11r ognl ttaltano un acerrinro nemicodel Papa e della Chiesa cattolica.

D. i tanto in tanto una nota di pacee di anrore veniva da coloro che ior-mavano i'aristocrazia intellettuale a-mericana. trIa era un canto di uccello,mentre hschiava i1 vento.

In..bas,so Ia Lartaglia si faceva asprae (rlrnclle. tn alto ilrtar11() Ia..elite,'della nosrra colonia perretrava 1niifi-caruelrte ner salolri culrurali della me_tropoli, tra^ cui prirre;giavano quellidi Henry. Brer.oorr alfingolo di gLhS,t,reer and 5rh

--\venue. dcl Dr. J ohn\V-. Francis a Bond Srreet No. i, diJohn.Jacob Astor in Long Island,' J.in cui si riuniivano a discut=ere, letterati.corne Trelarvney.. H errry 'f uck(rman,vv asnrngton tsr\.lltg. -Bancrof t, prcs_cott, ( oo,pcr, tr[rs. Piozzi: poeti comeB^ryant, direttore del)'...Ur.ening p651,';

loe, Halleck, scolar.o,ti loi-en?u"JaPorrtc,

- l'hilip Hol.e, Henrv Inman.

u"rutia^W.. Horve, \[r. t. F- ettet,lvtary 5edge\vrck; ar.tisti cor]le \Vcir cAllston: dra.mmaturglri colte Mac_r'( ady: llruclcr come Contii uorrrini no_litic.i come \\-ebster, Clz,1.. \'an BuIr,rrvrng, Pauldins..Ii Brevo_ort, "vecchio.

un po. di>se-sta.to negli af[ari. rrel dicembrc dell842,.cosi scriveva a \\-asl,inqron Iiv_rug:_ ''I arrr surrounderl by a family olintelligence and lor-e suih as fall! tolot ol lerv nren. and f rr rvhiclt J amheartily grateful to Gocll, iri---

- .^'-'

La cullura italiana era stata raDDre_sentata irr quei salotti da Lorenzo rla

ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1933

I)onte, f edele amico e librettista r1iX4 ozart e primo prof essore di linguae letteratura italiana a1la ColumbiaUniversity, da Piero Maroncelli fino ali8461 e veniva difesa e divulgata daBryarrr.. Halleck, .\[rs. Ellct,( \f arySe,lgetick etl Henrv f heodoreTuckernran.

FDCAR POE aveva scritto un ri-L lratto di Piero ]laroncelli c inclusoil n.r,artire delio Spillberg tra i ,,lite-rati" cl'Anrerica e per la traduzione ininglese dclle "M ie Prigioni" di SilvioPeliico. fartr in colliborazionc colProf. Andrew Norton della HarvardLiniversity di Canrbridge, e per 1e suepoe_sie, niesse in forma inglese alcuneda X{rs. Ellct altre c1a Halleck.

I-a poetessa Ellet traduceva pure al-cune tragedie de1 Maffei. del Nicco-lini. il "Crio Cracco" ,1, I -\l-nri, ij"C-ontc cli Carmagnola" de1 trtlanzoni,i "Sepolcri" clel Foscolo. alcune scene,iel _"S:tul" dell'Alfieri. alcune poe.iedi I;ulr-io Te.ti e di Inpoiito irrnde-nronte, un epigram.ma di Saverio Bet-tine11i, e scriveva una tragedia di ar-gonlento veneziano: "Teresa Conta-rini" con ricl'riami al lavoro omonimodel Niccolini.._ Henrl' Theodore Tuckerman era poiil car.aliere del1a causa delf indipcnden-za" italiane.

'l-racluzioni e articoli di critica .rrtr-stico-lettcraria che spesso erano vere eproprie inr-ettive contro 1a tirannide-lr-r:era in It:lia 11 r, difese del rrome'1tl'at ^ ir -{rrelica aplarir-ann nellalilisra n er.il. " lir icke-h^cker.', chrper avere accolto imig'iori lerterati epo_eri de1 tem-o iormar-a scuola, nelia"North -{merican Revien-,', nelli ,\{e.-oT..liten \[:rsazirr..' nella "I'nited

States \Iagazine ar.rd Dcmocratic Re-l:E\\'," ne1 "\en' \Iirror,', e ne11a"Quarterll' Revierv." E traduzioni initaliano di poe-.ie e articoll scritti ininglese a loro volta venivano nubbli-

187

cate nel primo ed ailora unico giornaleitaliano di New York: "L,Eco clrltalia,,'settinranale prima, serrri-settiruanaie!9Oo e poi quotidiano, fondato nel1849_e dirctto da un ardente rolxagnw-lo. Secchi de L asali, esule politic"o ecoilaboratore d'irrgegno in diverse ri-1 rste anrerlcalte.

Nel 1850, oltre a Secchi de Casaii,elano,rirrasti, corrre nraggiori ..po-nenti della nostra cultura e del lromeitaliano, Felicc Foresti, succeduto aLorenzo c1a Ponte nelia catteclra dilingua e letter:atura italiana alla Co-lumbia Unir.ersity; Luigi Chitti, pro-scritto napoietano, due-volte conilan-nato a morte in contumacia, lctterato,scienziato, economista che aveva avutoad amici Cavour, Cobden e Sir RobertPeel ed era stf,1o profe5sore nella U-rrir cr-ita di. ,\ladrirl e di Bru>.eltes,Prcsidr rrte rlelle Barrca di C:rnd, prirno_S^egretario delle Finanze in Napoli nei1821, e decorato cla11a Spagna

" a" ni-tre n:rzioni Trer nt( riti insigni; jl Prof.\ trrcerrzo Botta, r-x-deputirto al parla_ttrcrrto Srrball'irru: jl Prof. Luciani ol'.\rvocaro Caieni, entranrbi .*--.-_bli dell'A.,errrl,lea Ronrana. Nonmeno colti e attivi erano il Gcn. Giu_seppe Avezzana, condannato a ntortea-Torino per 1a rivoluzione del lBji .).Iinistro del1a Guer-ra a"ilu g.loilo.uRepu',h1ica Ror:ra:ra: euirico e';t.p"":tr. ( Lriu:eple Barili), ex-SeRrerario del.l rrunrviraLo della_ Repubbliia Ronrana,ti ( ar. Lrrca Palmieri, Console dellcDue Siciiie: Fertlinando Massa, c.n_,larna1o a ntorle a Napoli nel lg21 co-me carbon4ro: Ciovanni AIbinota, ex_prrgronrero politico a Gradisca: Seba_stiano Dacorsi, Vice-Console clelieDue Sicilie: Giusenpe ,qt Li,r"fl;, .;n_daunato a morte dal Governo Borbo_li99 p.r la sommossa in Sicilia rlet1821; il conte Alessa"ar" Ba.g;o".i,Errranuele Sarlorio. ".ui" not,ti;lo*o",i_ mo,i in Sicilia del I848. e .\rgenti,Gonsalvi, X{oschetti.

Spedizioni Der l'ltaliaSpeciali FacilitazioniPer le spedizioni di

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llr

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6277

188

A Qt'L,St'A sclricru eleltr ([i sru-' \ clio,i c di 1,211-i61ti si univarro ilpittorc trIorrtelilla, il celcbre buffo De13egnis, per cui Itossini avcva scrittoparecchie parti, il boiogncse violinista.tliclrr lc lt:.1,erti, al,or:i ii 'ne 1.lrs lll-tra" dei direttori d'orchestra. il Dr.\lasrrata di Gcnova, i tlue cclrLli lrrusi-cisti Arditi e Bottesini e parecchi coln-rnerciarrti.

L'Avv. Luigi Tinelli, contlannato aniorte dal1'Austria i1 29 sctien'rbre de11835 e poi esiliato, af f ermatosi neglian-rLienti industriali di Nerv York conla pubblicazione di un pregevole vo-lume sull'inclustria della seta e 1a for-mazione di una lneravigliosa fattoria,1]e1 1B:+1 era gid stato nominato Con-solc degli Stati Uniti ad Oporto ne1Portogallo, dove rimase unclici anni eciebbc agio di visitare e di assistere finoalla n.rorte il Re Carlo Alberto esu1e.I1 conte Confalonieri e Pietro Borsierierano rimpatriati 1'uno nel sctterllbrec1e1 1837 e 1'a1tro nel 18110. Esistevaancora 1a prirna "Societi Italiana chLInione, Fratellanza e Bencficenza,"fondata i1 20 gennaio 1839 da PieroXfar616"111, Felice Foresti, il Cav. Pa1-rlieri e l'Avv. Luigi Tinelli con io sco-po "c1i porgere soccorso

- cono paro-

ie di tr'{aroncelii - a tutti i nostri

connazionaii che per casuzrliti ed in-fr-rrtunio fossero ridotti alf indigenza."

Nel1o Statuto della Societi, conlpo-sto di ,l capitoli e 37 articoli, si par-lava :rnche di sussidi di cibi, a11oggio,lerm;rcia, rli assisterrza nredicl, soccor-si in clenaro e di una scuola elemenrareitaliana, in cui poi furono maestri 1ostesso I,Iaronce11i, Forcsti, Tinelli e ilconte Bargnami.

E, si clistingueva sempre piir la"Guardia Ita1iana"," organizzata dalnrarchese Ode A. Sant'Angelo de At-te1lis, napoletano, gii. Generale nell'c-sercito napoleonico, quindi in quello diGioacchino \,Iurat e in ultimo conlan-clante con 1o stesso grado nel 1821-1822 nell'arrnata spagnula, condannatoar rnortc come carbonaro, una voita da1Consiglio di Guerra Franccse in Mila-no e duc volte dai Tribunali Inquisi-tori di Napoli.

I A "Guar,lia Iteliane" cra corrpostaL di sessanta rnenrbri, arrnati di fucilie portarrti 1a divisa con-re quella <ieisoldati del Generale Beauharnais, r'i-cerd d'Italia sotto f impero di Napo-leone e ciod: tnnica vercle, parananirossi e doppia bottoniera bianca. Neera capitano Giuscppe Avezzana; ave-va i1 r'essillo tricolore ed era la mi-gliore cotrpagnia de1 252.o Reggirmen-1o rlcll:L 6l.a Brigata,31.a Dlvisionede lla trtilizia Nazionale de1lo Stato diNerv York.

. Drtce clella colonia, divisa e suclclivisain gruppi e sotto-gruppi, era F-eliceForesti, poichd nulla si faceva nell'in-tcresse dei connazionali e per Ia causaitaliana, senza ch'e91i ne dirigesse 1eNIOSSE.

Infine Carlo Deh'ecchio e Bartolo-rneo Ceragioli, 1'ur-ro primo presioentee l'altro primo tesoriere cleila "Socie*1i Italiarra 11i l-nione, Fratcllarrza eRcrlefic(rlza.' crano i cosidetti "capi-fiopolo" e ciod gli anelli cli congiun-zione tra i lavoratori e l:u classe intel-lettuale; due pratici oratori di piazza,che il De \'Ieis non avrebbe esitato acJu:r1ificare cor.ne "sovrani" de1la colo-nia italiana di Nen' York.

ATLANTICA, .JANUARY, 1933

L'arlivo rli Caribaldi, avvenuto il J0Lrrclio I850, parve 1il1nJ,iye urra lacunacol srrscilrrre rruovi cnrusilsnri e nrag-giori consensi in mezzo alle claJsielette di tutta l'Arnerica.

Dopo quanto abbiamo velocernenteaccennato, d facile capire che mai sono rranc;lte ilr questo paese corrcnticli sirnpatia lrer la nostri civilti mille-naria e berrevoli apprczzamcnti dellanostra storia e della nostra cultura.

I1 fatto poi che in alcune sfere bas-se gii interessi materiali di certe classisociali hanno scatenato conflitti e a-perto lotte odiose a danno del nomeitaliarro d stato clctcrnrinato ncn tantoda colpe commesse dai nostri elementi,quanto da condizioni economiche elrrorali in cui si sono trovate popola-zioni etcrogenec di stirpe diveisa-.

A BUD-\IEST 1ro rrovaro rrno, \ clrarr[{eul Ji l,itzza clre l,arlavalatino. Naturalrnente cercavo -c1i

ser-virrni senrple di 1ui: pcr quanto irn-p.erfettalnente io sappia il latino, miriesce cornLrnclLre piir iacile che i,un-g1'rerese.

Quel nrio charrffcur precliletto avevaanchc altre qualitd singolari. Era ri-scrvalo fino alla timitlczza. Non sa-peva bestemrniare in nessuna lingua:percid non si adirar-a mai contro -altriguidatori di pubblici o privati veicoli:rra nei casi corrtror crsi .i [errnar.a etentava" discutele pacatamente con essila questione a hno di logica c di r.ego-lalnenti. llerchd a un'estrema pruden-za acc_ompagnava 11na conosccnza per_fetta c1i trrtti i regolamenti intorno allacircolazi<-rne, e rlno scrupolo esemplarenell'ossert.arli,

QLranclo avevo fretta (e in gener.aiequanclo ur-to prende i1 taxi ha fretta)rlrre))e .rre qualita nri rjuscir ano ralr oi-ta incornode. A ogni angolo i1 buonf.'erencz (tale era il suo- nome) ral-lenta\ra, e strombettava; e se udiva si-rrLilntcnte :trornbettare rlall'eltra parte,lelrrrrr-a atldirittrrra, ne c'cra rnodo piirdi iarlo andarc avanti fin clre coluinon {osse passato: sosteneva clr'eralrrescritto cosi dai regolan'renti. eual-che volta avrei prefcrito il pericolo druna collisione, ma dove trovare url:rltro. clrau ffeur clj 1,ja27n clrc sappia,lirrrri in latirro jl cornplicato inlf,ortorlel t:rssarrretro?

.:.**'Lrn

be1 giorno mc ne tornai in lta-lia: r cnne Ferencz e l,ren,lernri all'al-herlo I'er antlare ella staziorrc. perfortnna ar.evo nnandato avanti le va-lige. I)over-o partire c1alla Stazionerlel Srr,l: l,roccdevamo, se r'ron el.r.o.l,er Krizstina Korut. Ed erar,amoormai vicini alla nrita, ma appressan_tloci all'ino'ocio che qrrella ria la, rniI)are. con Xlilio rrtzca, jl nrio Ferenczel solito rellenta, e suona Ia trorrrberta.| '_or rxllelttx illcot.a. c si f crrne. Miallaccro, e serlto clrc inialti qrralcuna1tro, rn'altra autornobile, strolnbetta

POEMA DELLA PRUDENZANoqtella

di Mossimo Bontempelli

La .storia che non fa salti, ma checanmina selnpre avanti, sembra offri-re ora posizioni pacificl,re e stabilirecontatti piil stretti a vantaggio degliinrrtriglali itrliarri; llenlrc in alto te"n-rlouo. ad allarger-i viel,piu i vecchiscan.rbi sentinrentali e

-iulturarr, chefanno de11'Anerica c dell,Italia duegiovani nazioni amiche.

(1\ Tltc Grcot .llrtrololis; a ll4lyru o1,\ c;. J-^rh. A1 .l rrtrius HrnryB rozrue . 1. 272.

(2) Leltere rli ByeztoorL a LI/a.shingtottIraittg. Introd,uction, p. XIX.

(3) 7e di recett-rione di IIenrt Ru.rsell al-la trqrlrr:i"rte dellr "Alic-Prigiotri', diSilvio Pellico. "The North AtnericanRcaiezt," .Tnrumry, 1837.

c1alla parte di X,Iiird utzca. Xli r.asse-gnai ad aspettare che l,zrltra rnacchina,ancora invisibile, si risolvesse lei apaSSal c. ^\orr 1,;1--21x. Fql.rlcz Stt-onr-bct1a. E l'altro. :enrlr.c invisibilc,controstrolnbetta. Cer-to era anchequello un maniaco della r.egola, stavianche lui ferrno. La tr.orn'ba ai p"_lenc? dava un suono piir basso e unpo' fcsso, qrrello clell,in"isibite .lr.ru ,rolta piu alra r sqLrillanlr..

Do1,q 11n 1,aro tli rrriurrti, pcr lronlrerdere. i1 tren.o pcrdetti li $arreii',scc:i.. :Lattei Jo spor.lcllo, e' besterrr_rntilll.rlo. rn rlllrarro, rapitIanretrte perun \'tcolo lt ilverso rn'aIlr.ettai a]la sta_ztone.

trdentrc cosi correl.o, regolarlrrente1il1 raggr:l]')ge\.At)o, a oeni rni6 1,255opru hoclre. le dnc roci delle trotnbetteclre:t r'til)onder-arro: quella fessa diFerencz, quella :rcuta dcli,ignoto.- --

In treno trovai un buon posto.

*4.:.

M' .; ;: j" ";,"' Hfi:,: :lio' :, ;"'j #' i :sportello s'apr-e tumultriosamente e

r edo 'al_ire un-a. gr.ossa r aligia, seg,ritida un alto c llorido uo,no il,e -I sa_Iuta c^or gioiosa maraviglia:

- Oh par-te anche leii- E- anclrc lei. Xlunl<icsy?

- Vado a Rorna.

- Anch'io !

,. \[rrnliic:y richirrse, il treno parli.L-r'a rrn sirnpalico, gior.iale conin,er_crante lnagtar-o. col qrrale due o tre\ olle m'et'o lncontralo irr certe rubestetrattorie che fioriscono su per 1e soli_tarie salite di Buda.

- E'un vero rniracolo - disse.

trrentre il trcrro rrsciva,lall'orr-nbra rleliasta.zione

- un vero rniracolo ch,io sia,1rri. . ,E' mxncato poco che non

-p"i_,lS..l rt .treno. ler colpa di un idiolarl.r. cltauileur, clre a rrn bel rnorrrentos'e tntpuntato e non ha piri volrrto ve_nire avanti: ho dovuto fare l;uitirrro1,ezzo di srr.ada a uiedi.

. ql' - -rlissi, irr rrna *rrbita illu_

rrurrazrorrc -

jci r.cnir.;r 1rer llii<rtttzczt!

- Si -

rispose maravigliato.

- E il suo chauffeur

- iontinuai -s'd fernrato all'arrgolo di Krizstina

Korut.

- Corne lo sa?Scoppiai a lidere; per qualche minu-

to non potei rispondere. Aspettd unlnornento, poi si mise a ridere anchelui. Quando mi ferrnai, similnrente sifermd, e disse:

- Ho riso per farle compagnia, rna

ora mi spieghi perchd ridevamo.Gii raccontai la mia anzi 1a nosira

av\entrira: Allora riconrincianr:ro, clui con le srre risa faceva trernare :vetri del catro7.7,ot1e. Poi si alzo. ti:ifrrori dalla valigia una bottiglia, e !:.-clanro :

- Voglio che beviarno alla sa-.,::=dei nostri due scrupolosissimi c::a:--feurs. Questo d "Sangue di Toro.''l'ho cornperato stamattina alia ::a::,-ria del "Pizzicagnolo poliiicar,:e.

-- Eliem \fagiararszagj

- -.:.a-n'ral to.

- Viva I'lralia: -

ri-1. ..rese.

Il trcno correva dirit:. . :..'conicr piantrra l,iena LcjDanLrbio e del ve:pero.

- Pensare - cssa:

ATL.\\ TIC.\.,T.\\L]ARY, 1933

1e non occorre qui rir-e1are 1a natura,basti sapere che riusci. ielicissima, ecorninciamrno sr:bito a guadagnare aperdifiato. Fri allc,ra che diventai mi-lionari :,. -\:;,::nlo -:it anno circa clopo

a.-e::- ritorno a Roma, i:--.::r ::.-qiringe\ ano i due':: )[rrrLac'1- \-enne a

1,,-,r::-:-:il: : ::::- :rr:-:Ot.te, gli diSSi:

- r;:-j-:::. ::-:,-r.

: :: a- -: ..:--.::

- : :. :::- i:te celebriamo questo-: .. . . .:- : .: _u l. bere irt.ieme una

- I :: ::::ri di andarc al,,pjzzj-::-::: - ::::-rte," or-e troveremo dt':: Sa:igue ciei Toro del nostro pr.imo::.-:-:,::--annofa.

.:::: a icea.. Qr-rar-rdo parte un':':. : a.: :'..,:a..-e-rti

- i : ::,1,.

:::: = ..:, due ore piil tatdi par-:' '.:: ' - .: B -:dapest, quaranta ore do-- :'- : ---.'.alo alla Stazione de1 Sud,

: . . "= ::': r'icir.ra al "Pizzicagno,-: :::.:::". Poichd non c'erano veico-

::.-.:a giorno di sciopero) cri-' ::.:":r a piedi verso la ceiebre'::-'.' :..".

***' . .- j:.i ' etlro, laciti mt irrrmersi

: :-: :t: e iraterni pensieri, quanclo ar:: :::.: -. qualcosa mi fece rallentar:e

189

irr-ffiffirrilt wiltiltffi1illll.-'s'-?s6ffiffillllll .c-=@ffircw&&#-4wn*ffietirlll

lll t"u"," coi che lll

lll TEFFERVEScENTE lll

lll rmLH*llllll d) immediato sollievo dai di- lll

lll ru;:;" lll

lll E buono per Vor e per llllll rutra LA FAMTcLTA? lll

lll sapete voi che B da """, """," llllll i" Orp"aali, Monasteri, Clubs, llllll ecc.? lll

lll Sapete che ha ottenuto t. Pii llllll Grandi Onorificenze atte mag- llllll giori esposizioni in Italia, fr""- lll

lll "'", rnghilterra e Belgio? lll

lll s.,p"t" uoi che lll

lll se anctate sosgetto "a I"aieu- llllll stlo"e, Costipazione, Stitictrezza. llllll Continuata Aciditi, C"r, So""o- llllll lettra, Continui Dolori di Test". lll

lll ecc., I'uso dell'Effervescente lll

lll tr,rLINA lll

lll "t ou meravigliosi risuttati? lll

lll GRATls-Mandateci ,, ""',." llllll "orn"

ed indirizzo ben ctiaro e llllll riceverete una bottiglia di ITA- llllll r,INa cRArrs.

llllll o 'rlll "tootr PR.DUCT* co. lll

lll 338 canar St. Dept A lll

lll .'-""'-'" _lll

siamo quasi a K:.1er::,',.chaulicrrrs probebi ... '

cora strom\cLtar.'.Krizstina Korut l

E riri parr e.strino, r'lLe 1 rai e-r. : - -

quel n,,.:::nO.:;i il:r :

;i.ii:,:--:. '=

Strlno,.clle tral-e:.:a : -: :t . , : :- _: -..--t: , e impr-oVr.iSO, ClUali SOno

zro arrrvassero a-::::: -. --:::: a chi ritorna in un luogvnoi.cor'enrlo -- -- - : .i^fer,t1.o-cli

"..anr"; eirrsie-troiltrcr-Lo. la-.:-.'-,--: - -:- .,::rie-iclerio'cliprecisar]o,p"..1rr"-betta di Fe:c:::: . :. - ,. :: -:.. !'niai, e subiio di p..rl miie.r'rai;chatrffetrr Cr ii:::....:-' -:-- 1.rn era L1n ricordo; alzai It,

.! * .i - l.- -- i'tt itnporre sjlenzo a X{urocsy;

--i tendem:lo l'orecchio. Oh eraI1 rra--: _-, . ,.._-. , _ .. -. ..:: :.-iot1o, si,. suono fesso di torrnba

n6a1i -Clella cr::r - t:a.:.. I :: -: :- : '- -j

pii r,-,,'..--,- .' -l .l -::::ro c1i r.Ljovg, e c1i nuor-o l':rltro.

r]ar-.i|t,-- :.- : -, ':a1 :enza clir niente avevaltlo riprcso

postcr . ".: : : -- ::a:.rrr piri chiari e forti. E sboccatn-..1^,,--,ulaurr.,. >,1 .i_. -.. in lir-izstina Korut: ecco l,arrto,gane C: Ii :: .. r : , , ..: .: ':l 'bilc hli, I'atltonrobilc di Fercncz, e

pror-eclr."..' ':.- - ,,.a.l- :'-' volante iui, 1ui Ferenc-z: l1n poco

iin ricorclo, rli parve: ricordo

tj;'ilrli,. :- , - - . _ ,.,. ,11 :r-1 rcc.hizrto, n,u jii; ' .ti'r "tr^"t.'i.iittse affia.- :. -- '.i 'a sinistra e con la clestra sonava la

consuetr: -:::ti e .n :: _: , _ .._ _r-- -::.:._

.. Correrilr.r.ro oltre 1,angolo, e Ji c.eravamo R-:-- - : _ --- .-, , l'altlo, qr-rello ch'io non avevo nrai r-i-nrinuti ::r.:- :. ,- : - '--:- - sto, e-.iispondeva.rnattutir :.tratto =:

. - -: C^tnc Tter t:na lacila intc.a ci sc,,-I'oreccltir...:.. j-, ,_ .,,.'._ stai.]tt]to,qliasi nasconc'lendoci,edina-s;icurato :: -, -' sco:jto scantonanllno;inseguiti dai due

_ ^{,.-,.: .- j_r -'.roni, clre si rifacevano fiochi, ci inol_nostri cl::.::._ _. _ - - _ .= tr':.nrno, per g1i intrichi di Buda, viast'ora e..:zione. L ._ - . -- _\i sorra_ra_Leczi XXXVI. re dcelica -a -L:a. I zirani. Ti Sangue di Toro era eccel_

- \c-- - --,- . _ .-..-_:_-\-. lrrrte. La n-r_attina clopo sianto anclati

_ Ecc. :. I a prenclere il treno da un,altra parte,a nn'al t ra s t a zion e. Do p o clualch e

* S + rrese X{uiiics1. se n,:rncld da Roma enon ho liir sapr.rto nrrlla di lrri. E non

A R( l: - - r ihc sono piir torriato o gii,I"p;rr, p.r.io, I .: - . . ::: ::--i,.e ignoro sc Fr:rencz e i1 suo collegaal c,.::-:::- .".::. z:nzi :itiano arrcora a qttcll,ar.rgolo a sonare,nr'ir'.: . ::1,.! g ;j.1,,,11,1e15i. e ogllllo lt:1,e11"r" at,"certa ::: '''- . ,- : qira- passi I)riltxa c1rrc1l'altro.

rttention. ATLA NTICA itt conuttnrt,icdtinct witk ad:t,ertisers

STANDARD ITALIAN BOOKSrn this section we publish every month a rist of the most important anti

most interesting books published in rtaly. ATLANTTGA offers these booksat a saving on the regular list price and in addition there is another discountof 15 per cent.

Accompany your order wi,th check or money ord.er and ad.dress toATLANTTCA BooK SERVICE, 33 west 70th Street, New york city.

Art Ci ltlusicRicci, _E. -

..Mille Santi nell'Arte,,,I volume.- Bvo., ZJ4 paees, 700 iilulstrations, Mitano _ Hoipji ....94.9C

,.This beoutiful aolume recetttly pub-lished seents to fill a demand ling' feltf or a. ttorh of tltis hittd, ontottg religiowspeople as -,uelI as lovers of art,'It isu.nique in ib rtetd. lt contaiits a beauti_ful bigraphy o/ 1000 saints, for most of',tltont tlte autltor supflies o ieproductoiitlaken frotrt. well hnozw t,torhs ot' art.Otte, cattrtol be too apprcciatiae iti aiezuof llte splendid results .t,tlticlt tlte oulhorlus. orltieved, aIter so ntony j.ears ofl,atient labor,

GlassicsDante

- "La Vita Nuova,' (seguitada una scelta delle altre opere* mi-nori

- per cura di Natalno Sape_

gno) * Firenze, Vallecchi ....$1.00Tlre conrment on tltis ne-.u editiott o{

'' Lq Vita N uoua" is rtot only pltilologicilbut pltilosophical. Sorne of

-tie mo.ri oh-

s;ure. ollusiotts. esf crially itt .,Le Rime',tu't. tnlerl,rct?d accorciittg to llte lales!pltilologic,ol antl phitosiphical dez,alop-rnents ir,t the stu,dy of Dante.

Russo, L. - "Antologra Machiavelli-

ca" (ll Principc, pasine dei Discor-si e delle Ltorie) con introduzionce noic

- 1 rolurrre. 16mo, lZ0 pgs.

- l'irenze, Le Monnier ......$1.00Prof. .llusso l.Las includ,ed in, this hand.y

z,ohtnte ."II Prin.cipe" irt, its conrt'lete teri,tttd srlrcLcd farts of " l Disicorsi andStoric Iiut'ctttitte" .The ar,tluute i.r ex-te.n.rivel5' arLnotated, and, can be easilyclossilied o.t one ot' tlte best scltool tertToJ tltis clossic irr Italiqn Litcrafure. Inlltc itttroduction, of tttore tltatt 25 p,ages,l.h.e r,. ntpiler s/ro-..'s r.'13' the problbtniMacltiaz clli deols z,i!lt o're ez)er bre.\?,1t.tnd tnorc .ro..itt tltese trying doyi of po-lrttcaL turiltotl.

Religion andPhllosophy

"La Sacra Bibbia" - 1 volume, 12mo.,1630 pages, India paper, full leather

Firenze - Libreria Editrice Fio-rentina .. ......$5.00This cdiriou ot' the Catltolic Bibte is

llte lirst etLcr publislted irt a stnull handttoluute. The preaiotrs editions haue oilbeen large 4o. Ll/hether tt -:Ltas because,as soli7e haue insinuated, the Church didttol rore lo ItaUe it circulated omona thefoorer class, or uhcther it u'as becdusepublishers zvould. not venture into thepwblic,,ttion,..ae do not ktto-,t'. TIte factrentains tltat tlte Catholic Clturch'hasauthorized, this neu translation. anrl, ain a ltattdsonte edition. This trirtslotionItas been, conducted by the L'olnpagnia iiri5att Paolo under the seneral editorsltio ofllea. Dr. Cioz,onni Castoldi.

Fiction"Aneddotica" - a collectron of anec-

dotes. about people and things pub-lished in handsome tomo oi a6out250 pages each, Roma

- Formiggi-nl ..... .... each$.90

7. Te stoni - Aneddoti bologn,esi2. Radiciotti - Aneddoti Rossiniani3. Proxentani

- La Cascrma4. Esculapio3. " - Il focolare dotnestico6. Sacchetti - Aneddoti ferraailliani7. Sttln,cci - Gandolat,B. Trebbi

- Aneddoti teatrnli9. Prozten:ani

- IL .tile metallo10. Curatulo - ,t1tte ddoti Garibald,ini77. Fcrrigir.ri -

(lont,o alleqro (Yorich)1). Paltttat occlti - l:. Galiatti e il .suo

set:oloV oltatre

recont,nreuded, to those ttho are interested.in post .,t,ar detelopments in Itatian litei-ature.

Dralma and PoetryCapasso, A. -'Il Passo del Cigno ed

altri poemi" con una prefazione diC. Ungaretti , I2mo, 142 pages, lim-ited edirion, Torino'

- Sura"tti'$1.00

.Capasso is ortc of thc yowttgesl of ! t-altalr Poels. Allltouglt Ite has utritten oneor two booh.s of criticism, e.rpecially onFrenth nt,odertr. litertttnre, tiis',Iiassodel Cigtro" is /ris 75rst booh of 1,oetry.H$ auu stetrts lo be to conbitte a mod-ern, poetic sertsibility ztitlt 7fus traditionallo.rty of ttolian tj'iics, porticularly ttiiiot' tl.te prc-Datttcsquc puiod. Az,torded, inconjwnctiotl .aitlr De Michelis, the IiaI-itt Let teynria P ri:e, 1932.

Levi, E. - "Fiorita di Canti tradizio-nali del popolo italiano" scelti neivarii dialetti e annotati con 50 me-loclie popolari tradizionali, 1 volu-me, 385 pages, board ....... .$2.00

The folhlore of Italy erpressed in thePoetrl'on4 sottys ol it.t peofle is coI-leclrd bl lhe nutltor"itt !ttis ztoltLqble vol-ttrtr.c. l-i.ont !lti l.rouinces 6l Loptbord,y

attd Picdtttottt, tlte autltor oois all lhe w;:ttltrottgh Itoll, 46',1,rt to Sicilt and. Sai-dittia. !rt.lt.crirtg tlte r,ttrds ottd ntusic ofthe f eot'le's .rongs. The tnu,sical lines ri-Vroduccd are left in, tlteir original fornt,not tantpe re d with attd n,ot ltarm,onized.T/t,e fltr,ases in dialect lt'pxct7 may pres-ent dit'ficrLlty lnae been, translated,' intontod,crn ltalian by th,e author.

Politicol sndWorld Problems

Schanzer, C. - "I1 Mondo fra la pacee la Guerra" (I1 problerna bellico nelpensiero umano

- Insegnamento

della Guerra Mondrale e previsionicirca una gllerra futura - L'orga-nizzazione della pace dopo la guerranrondiale

- I1 probiema bellico nel-l'avvenire)

- I{ilano, Treves-Trec-cani-Tumminelli ... ... $3.00The Ilalian philosopher and sociologist,

-Lul'Lo was f or a time Minister of Finance,

1311. I/inos.sa - Anedd,oti r,ntiuet sitard15. Pulu-,i.rcolo (4neddoti. Trilussiani)16. S,ctrLrJro - Nu,oz,i Art,ed,doti teat'raii17. Mattetti - Aneddoti Carrlu,cciani78. Petroi - Ronta sfartta (ligttre e fi.-

oM'ine)

Falqui e Vittorini - ',scrittori Nuo-

vi", 1 volLrme, 664 pages, Lanciano

- Carabba ....91.80

In this ztoltuue tlt,e compilers haaeco'ttered the be st of contemporary Italianpoets and n,ottelists. A larger space isgiaen to tlte younger authors, of whont71 are Iterewith. rePresented -rt,ittt. selec-tiotts f rottt books t,'hich, itt, ntattt, c,flses,are already out of frint. Th,is aolume ispublisltino house has issued the ztoluure

190

Special ffir to

Rrader: of " ATLAI\TICA',THE NE\r ry33

SrRor,rBERG CnRLSoNl:-:z--.: ---:::: -= ').,::::ng }"iner'-:,=-:. ! ::::-. :::=--C a:-son." Great: : :i-:: - :. - : -i : =-e:l:Vit/. pUf €., --= l:.: -.::::-; ci rare disiinc---:1 :':::-l::: RadiO OfferST:- ---::: :- :::: -::l-gf OfiCe thanJa, -"": : :::::-,:.::]i. p"y.

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:'r ;::ii Book for 0thet AddressesI-! STOBES ()PEN EVENINGS

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DAVEtrA s%trITY REDIO..\\-ORLD'S LARGEST RADIO DEALERS''

Please mention ATLANTICA in comynunicatinq zuitlt

191

DiscountPresent this advertisement at yournearest Dravega-City Radio Storeand receive a 5% discount off theprice quoted above.

,.ATLANTICA'' MAGAZINEad'z.tertiser-c

192

sets down in this ztolun'r,e the Fascistpoinl of aiezu on the present day situa-tion and, the possibitity of a new war inthe ne,ar future.

Ifistory qnd Diiogra.ph1uAlberti, A. - "Verdi Intimo,', 1 vol-

ume, Bvo, 350 pages with 16 full pageilJustrations, Milano - Mondado-ri ....$3.00Correspond,ence wkicll, /errl,i had, ztith

one of his closest friends in zuhich hereueals his heen ntusical mind, not onlyaboul his oz^tn ztorh, but the'music ifhis contc.m poraries. Within these pagisthe mu.rical actiuities of Eurobe {oi aperiod of about 25 yeari from igOi-tSSOare passed, in rez.,ieut and cotnmentedupon b! Verdi dn caustic letters to hisfriend Arrivabene.

FElop-Miller, R. - ,,Il Segreto della

P^otenza dei Gesuiti", 1 vo-lume, Svo,484 _ pages, with l l6 illustraiions,cloth, Milano

- Mondadori ....$4.0d

_ A trol.rlotion of the f,omous booh ofFulop-Miller. Tlti Itotia-n critics in uni-son z",ith critics of other nalions haz.rcacclainted tltis z.,olume one oI the bestever uritten on tha history oi the Jesu-its.

Locatelli, A. - "L'Affare Dreyfus', (lapiir grande infamia del sec61o scor-so) 1 r'olume,8vo,550 pages pro-fusely illrrstrated, Milano

- Cor-baccio ........g2.23Locatelli kas zuritten in a rnost read,-

a-ble s!ile -thc story of Ihe f antous Drey-f trs casc, He ltas trtode use 6y all tt,e auail-able document.r which hare'oeen recentlypubli.thcd. not Icast of oll tlte papers Iejtby E.tterha.:v, the reai cttlf rtt,'iutt beforche died in England, a fezu years ago.

Ossendowski, F. A. - "Lenin', - Tra-

duzione dall'originale polacco e in-troduzione di L. Kociemski, 1 vol-urne, 8r'o, 675 pages rvith many fu1lpage illustrations, Xlilano

- Cor--

baccio ........gJ.00Of all the ztoluntes u)ritten about

Lenin, the present one seems to be tltetno.rt objectiae, Ossendozu.shi by kis v,erynattwe z:ras qnost qualifi.ed to -rw.ite a lifeof Lenin. Thc awthor of this booh is aSloa hirrt.tclf , althottgh not a Rus.riotr. H ehos liucd out.ride of Ru.rsia yet nearenouglh to haae been in, a position tofollozu tlte political deaelopment in thatcounlrJt {rom a ucrv clo.re ranqe. Thi-tbooh z:.h-ich corn fris'e.t the Iile of LeninIrnm inlanry to deoth qit?s'tr ztiaid por-trait ot' tlte orcat Ieader of Conrrnun'ism.

If,iscellqneousBrunacci, A.

- Dizionario Generale diCultura, 2 vols. 16mo, over 2000 pgs.,cloth. Torino

- S. E. L ... . .$5.00

II.erc i.tc ItaLte orlc of the stttalhst ol en-cyclo.ledios rotttflcte in etery subjectand i,n eztery d,e tail. 1747 illustrations'and4A 'nmps are inclttd,e tI itt, the.se 2 aoluntes.Ez.,ery questio'tr, p artainitt,g to histor.t,stiettce. llilcratttrc, religiort. thitosophy.etc. fitttl.r its sltort bwt cont,plete aniuer

ATLANTICA, .JAIIUAI{Y, 1933

zui,thin these p,ages. This concpact cyclo-ped,ia seems to be the answer to ourmod,ern civilization whick compels us toliae in small apart'menrs not big enougltto h,ouse a large encycloped,ia, and zuhiclt,also forces us to lnove from place toplac e.

Appelius, M. - Libri di Viaggi.

The descrilttiae traael Ooohs of A!-pelius zakick are listed, below kaue beenconsidercd in Italy the notur.ol continwa-ti,on of tke zuork begun by Barzini. YoungApf elius has traueled, li,ke a real interna-tional hobo aery ettensiaely throughChina, India, and, Africa. He has stoppeCan,d liz,e d. an,t,ong the people collectingfirst-hand information about odd, cus-totns and queer tmodes of living, iottilt,gd,ozun, lris itnpressions in a viaid. andcolorful style. Here follow fizte of hisbest boohs:

"La Sfinge Nera" - dal iltarocco al Ma-daga.rcar, 4Ll p,ages . , .. .$1.80

"Asia GiaIIo" 490 fages, 60 illustra-ti,on,s . ..........$3.00

"Ind,ia" 500 pages,30 illustrations 2.70

"Cina",350 puges,30 illwstrations .. 2.25

"Nel paese degli Uomini Nwdi" AfricaCentrale, 440 pages ..... 3.00

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Brioschi is a healthy, effervescent drink thattastes just like a good old-fashioned lemonsoda. It sets acid stomach right ina jiffy. It'squick-acting on all cases of sour stomach,headaches and constipation induced by excessacidity. Brioschi has become my morningcocktail. It keeps me fit all day.

Brioschi is the finest "pick-me-up" thereis. For over-indulgence in either food oralcoholic beverages Brioschi gives quick,welcome reiief.

751 fot a can of 16 lood,healthful dilnks. At allstores the world oyer since1880.

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