atm
DESCRIPTION
Asynchronous Transfer ModeTRANSCRIPT
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ASEMINAR REPORT ON
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE(ATM)
Presented By: IQxplorer
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INTRODUCTION• High performance, cell-oriented switching and
multiplexing technology
• Utilizes fixed-length packets to carry different types of traffic
• Helps in efficient multimedia applications, high-speed LAN connections and used in broad range of networking devices
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OVERVIEW
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BENEFITS OF ATM
• high performance via hardware switching• dynamic bandwidth for bursty traffic • class-of-service support for multimedia • scalability in speed and network size • common LAN/WAN architecture • opportunities for simplification via VC
architecture • international standards compliance
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ATM CELL HEADER FORMAT
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ATM REFERENCE MODEL
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ATM ADDRESS FORMAT
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ATM SERVICE CLASSES
• constant bit rate (CBR)
• variable bit rate–non-real time (VBR–NRT)
• variable bit rate–real time (VBR–RT)
• available bit rate (ABR)
• unspecified bit rate (UBR)
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ATM TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
• cell loss ratio (CLR) • cell transfer delay (CTD) • cell delay variation (CDV) • peak cell rate (PCR) • burst tolerance (BT) • sustained cell rate (SCR)
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ATM STANDARDS• A cohesive set of specifications that provide a
stable ATM framework.• Provide the end-to-end service definitions • An important ATM standard is interworking
between ATM and frame relay • Two ATM networking standards
1)broadband intercarrier interface (B–ICI) 2)public network-to-network interface (P–NNI)
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DATA INSERTION SCHEMES
• RFC1483-specifies how interrouter traffic is encapsulated into ATM
• LANEMPOA- support dynamic use of ATM SVCs • voice and video adaptation schemes-for efficient
traffic that no natural breaks, such as a circuit carrying bits at a fixed rate
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ATM LAN EMULATION(LANE)• LANE components
1)LANE clients
2)LANE servers
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VIDEO OVER ATM• Handled by VBR–RT VCs using AAL–5 for
MPEG2 on ATM for video-on-demand applications
• MPEG2 coding can result in two modes: 1. program streams—variable-length packets
carrying single or multiple programs 2. transport streams—188-byte packets that
contain multiple programs • Time stamps are inserted into MPEG2 packets
during the encoding and multiplexing process to make better use of networking resources.
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VOICE OVER ATM
• VBR–RT connections is used over ATM which uses silence period.
• Various dynamic compression techniques are used to free bandwidth and alleviate congestion
• A further enhancement is to support voice switching over SVCs which interprets PBX (private branch exchange) signaling and routing voice calls to the appropriate destination PBX
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NETWORK TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT• objectives :To deliver quality-of-service (QoS)
for multimedia applications and provide overall optimization of network resources.
• categorized into three distinct elements
1. nodal-level controls that operate in real time
2. network-level controls operate in near real time
3. network engineering capabilities operating in non real time
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ATM APPLICATIONS
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ATM AND IP INTERWORKING• ATM and IP offer: Scalability, traffic engineering,
service differentiation, high availability, value-added applications such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
• Some specifications of ATM and IP
1. Multi-Protocol over ATM (MPOA) as addition to LAN Emulation (LANE)
2. Additions to ATM's superior routing protocol PNNI
3. adoption of Frame-based ATM over Sonet/SDH (FAST)
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CONCLUSION• ATM technology is the only technology that can
guarantee a certain and predefined quality of service.
• The growth of the Internet, need for broadband access and e-commerce are spurring the need for a reliable, flexible, scalable, predictable, versatile transport system and that is given by ATM Technology.
• For voice, video, data and images together, the next generation network depends on ATM.
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