atmatm pete 689 ubd atmatm atmatmatmatm lesson 9 gasified liquid hydraulics read: udm chapter 2.7...
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![Page 1: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Lesson 9
Gasified Liquid Hydraulics
Read: UDM Chapter 2.7
pages 2.131-2.179
![Page 2: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Gasified Liquid Hydraulics
• Reynolds Number
• Multi-phase flow
• Pressure prediction– HSP– Circulating pressure– Bit pressure drop
• Hole Cleaning
![Page 3: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Reynolds Number
• In practice the flow of gasified liquid is almost always turbulent (Reynolds number > 4000)
• Example water flowing up an 8 1/2” hole with 5” drillpipe.
• AV of 7 ft/min would be turbulent
• AV’s > 100 ft/min are common
![Page 4: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Reynolds Number
• Equation 2.58
![Page 5: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Reynolds Number
• The consequenses of turbulance in the annulus is that the rheology of gasified fluids has little effect on the annular pressure profile.
• This is at least true with un-viscosified base fluid.
![Page 6: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Multi-phase flow
• At least three phases are present in the wellbore– Liquid, gas, and solids
• Liquids could be:– Mud– Oil– Water
![Page 7: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Flow Regimes
![Page 8: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Flow Regimes
![Page 9: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Flow Regimes
![Page 10: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Pressure prediction
• HSP• Annular Friction• Bit pressure drop
– Mud– Gasified mud
• Drillstring pressure drop– Mud– Gasified mud
![Page 11: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
HSP
1
2
0144P
PhVdP
![Page 12: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
HSP
![Page 13: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
HSP
![Page 14: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Gas Volume
![Page 15: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Friction forces
![Page 16: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Fanning Friction Factor
![Page 17: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 18: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Reduced Reynolds Number
![Page 19: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 20: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Gas volume
• This correlation and equation 2.66 were used to compute the required air injection rate to give a BHP of 2497 psi at 6000’ in an 8 1/2” X 4 1/2” annulus at 350 gpm.
• Required 14.9 scf/bbl
![Page 21: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Gas volume
• Equation 2.63 was used to calculate the volume of air to give the same BHP static.
• Required 13.4 scf/bbl.
• Poettmann and Bergman concluded that the difference is insignificant and a reasonable calculation of air rate for the desired BHP could be done assuming a static fluid column.
![Page 22: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 23: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Bit pressure drop
• Mud
• Gasified Mud
![Page 24: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Bit pressure drop - Mud
• Red book
![Page 25: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Bit pressure drop - Gasified Mud
• This relationship neglects any energy loss through the nozzles due to frictional effects and any change in potential energy.
![Page 26: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Bit pressure drop - Gasified Mud
• Substituting equation 2.44 for the density of a lightened fluid this becomes
![Page 27: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 28: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 29: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 30: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Fig. 2.41
![Page 31: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Hole Cleaning
• Settling velocity
• Critical velocity
• Settling Velocity
• Cuttings Transport ratio
![Page 32: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Settling velocity
![Page 33: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Critical velocity
• Guo assumed that the cuttings concentration in the annulus should not exceed some critical value if hole cleaning problems were to be avoided.
• vc = ROP/60Cc
• vc = critical velocity, ft/min
• ROP = Rate of penetration, ft/hr
• Cc = Cuttings concentration, fraction
![Page 34: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Critical velocity
• Taking the critical concentration as 4%, cuttings would need to travel uphole with a velocity 25 times greater than the penetration rate.
• For a penetration rate of 30 ft/hour, this corresponds to a velocity of 12.5 ft/min.
![Page 35: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 36: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Settling Velocity
• With a large annulus, the AV may not be such that turbulent flow can be achieved.
• We would then need to alter the viscosity of the fluid.
![Page 37: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Settling Velocity
• For a 0.25” cutting with a density of 21 ppg falling through a fluid of density of 5 ppg.
• Maximum AV = 15 ft/min.
• Settling velocity would have to be restricted to 17.4 ft/min at a penetration rate of 30 ft/hr.
• This would require an effective viscosity of 160 cP.
![Page 38: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Cuttings Transport Ratio
![Page 39: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Cuttings Transport Ratio• The velocity of the system is normally the mean
velocity in the annulus determined by dividing the total flow rate of the various phases of the fluid by the cross-sectional area of the annulus.
![Page 40: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Cuttings Transport Ratio
• The CTR should be calculated throughout the annulus to ensure that adequate hole cleaning takes place at all points and that the cuttings are not packing off in the hole somewhere.
• A CTR of 1.0 implies perfect hole cleaning.
• If CTR>0 cuttings are moving upward.
• CTR should be >0.55
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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
Example
![Page 42: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 43: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 44: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 45: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM
![Page 46: ATMATM PETE 689 UBD ATMATM ATMATMATMATM Lesson 9 Gasified Liquid Hydraulics Read: UDM Chapter 2.7 pages 2.131-2.179](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ec65503460f94bd19df/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
ATMPETE 689 UBDATM
ATM ATM